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244
CORK CITY PROFILE 2018
08
Deprivation
245
CORK CITY PROFILE 2018 SECTION 08 DEPRIVATION
8.1 Social Class
The CSO classifies population into one of seven social class groups
based on the description of their occupation and regardless of whether
or not they are currently working.
Social class background impacts on many areas of life, including health, housing, education,
economic status and crime. A person’s social class tends to remain relatively stable over
time and is a key determinant in the inter-generational transmission of social, cultural and
economic assets. Geographical areas tending to the ‘unskilled’ as opposed to ‘professional’
classification are more likely to have a higher unemployment level, be more vulnerable to
recession as well as experience lower pay, poorer working conditions, poorer housing and
social environments.244
In Cork City across each census the classification of ‘all others gainfully occupied and
unknown’ is the largest social class group (accounting for over a quarter of the population at
each census). Cork City differs from the City and Suburbs and the State in 2016 in that both
of the latter’s largest social class groups are ‘managerial and technical.’
In Cork City, across each census, the second most prominent group was ‘managerial and
technical’ with the proportions for this category increasing through each census. Both the
State and the City and Suburbs have higher proportions of ‘professional workers’ than Cork
City but, as with ‘managerial and technical’ (see table below), this category is increasing in
proportion through each census in the city.
The social class categories of ‘semi-skilled’ and ‘unskilled,’ although higher than the City and
Suburbs and the State in 2016, have been reducing in proportion in the city through each census.
244 - https://www.pobal.ie/Publications/Documents/The%202016%20Pobal%20HP%20Deprivation%20Index%20-%20Introduction%2007.pdf.
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CORK CITY PROFILE 2018 SECTION 08 DEPRIVATION
0.0%
5.0%
10.0%
15.0%
20.0%
25.0%
30.0%
1
Social Class, Cork City, 2016
Professional workersManagerial and technicalNon-manual
Skilled manualSemi-skilledUnskilledAll others gainfully occupied and unknown
Table 185: Social Class, Cork City, 2006-2016 (Source: CSO)
Social Class, Cork City 2006 2011 2016
Professional workers 6.5% 7.2% 8.2%
Managerial and technical 18.5% 20.2% 21.5%
Non-manual 15.6% 16.3% 16.5%
Skilled manual 15.7% 13.4% 12.3%
Semi-skilled 12.6% 11.8% 11.3%
Unskilled 5.0% 4.3% 4.4%
All others gainfully occupied and unknown 26.0% 26.6% 25.8%
Figure 66: SOCIAL CLASS, CORK CITY, 2016 (SOURCE: CSO)
Social Class Cork City, 2016
247
CORK CITY PROFILE 2018 SECTION 08 DEPRIVATION
SOCIAL CLASS OF CORK CITY’S POPULATION FOR EACH CENSUS (NUMBERS)
Table 186: Social Class, Cork City, 2006-2016 (Source: CSO)
Social class, Cork City (numbers) 2006 2011 2016
Professional workers 7805 8636 10299
Managerial and technical 22125 24138 26967
Non-manual 18584 19379 20786
Skilled manual 18774 16009 15501
Semi-skilled 15101 14123 14172
Unskilled 5960 5172 5509
All others gainfully occupied and unknown 31069 31773 32423
Total 119418 119230 125657
SOCIAL CLASS OF CORK CITY, THE CITY AND SUBURBS AND THE STATE, 2016 (PERCENTAGES)
Table 187: % in Each Social Class in Cork City, Cork City and Suburbs and The State, 2016 (Source: CSO)
Social Class, 2016 Cork City Cork City and Suburbs State
Professional workers 8.2% 9.9% 8.1%
Managerial and technical 21.5% 25.9% 28.1%
Non-manual 16.5% 17.4% 17.6%
Skilled manual 12.3% 12.4% 14.1%
Semi-skilled 11.3% 10.6% 10.5%
Unskilled 4.4% 3.6% 3.6%
All others gainfully occupied and unknown 25.8% 20.3% 18.0%
248
CORK CITY PROFILE 2018 SECTION 08 DEPRIVATION
PROFESSIONAL WORKERS IN CORK CITY’S ELECTORAL DIVISIONS
Four EDs appear in the top five of each census year as having the highest proportion of
professional workers: Knockrea A, Knockrea B, Browningstown and Sundays Well A. Between
2006 and 2016 the proportion of professional workers increased in each of these EDs .
Two EDs feature in the top five of each census year as having the lowest proportion of
professional workers: Fair Hill B and Knocknaheeny. In Knocknaheeny the proportion of its
population who were professional increased from 2006 to 2011 from 0.7% to 1.2% and then
decreased to 0.9% to 2016. Fair Hill B followed the same trend but both EDs were ‘better off’
in 2016 than they were in 2006.
PROFESSIONAL WORKERS BY CORK CITY ELECTORAL DIVISION, 2006, 2011 AND 2016
Table 188: EDs with Highest Proportions of Professional Workers (Source: CSO)
2006 % 2011 % 2016 %
Knockrea A 21.1% Browningstown 22.7% Browningstown 24.3%
Knockrea B 18.7% Knockrea B 21.5% Knockrea B 24.2%
Browningstown 18.6% Sundays Well A 21.3% Sundays Well A 23.5%
Sundays Well A 18.1% Knockrea A 20.8% Knockrea A 23.2%
Tivoli A 16.7% Glasheen A 16.6% Ballinlough B 17.6%
Table 189: EDs with Lowest Proportions of Professional Workers (Source: CSO)
2006 % 2011 % 2016 %
Gurranebraher B 0.3% Gurranebraher A 0.9% Knocknaheeny 0.9%
Fair Hill B 0.4% Fair Hill B 1.0% Fair Hill B 0.9%
Farranferris C 0.5% Gurranebraher E 1.2% Farranferris B 1.3%
Knocknaheeny 0.7% Knocknaheeny 1.2% Gurranebraher A 1.3%
Gurranebraher C 0.7% Churchfield 1.3% Farranferris C 1.5%
249
CORK CITY PROFILE 2018 SECTION 08 DEPRIVATION
UNSKILLED
On the opposite end of the spectrum from ‘professional workers’ is the classification of
‘unskilled’ and the following tables show the EDs with the highest and lowest proportions
of this category.
Knocknaheeny and Fair Hill A featured in the top five EDs with the highest proportion of unskilled.
Knocknaheeny’s proportion of unskilled decreased between 2006 and 2011 but increased again by
2016. Fair Hill A increased between 2006 and 2011 and then decreased by 2016.
Three EDs appeared in the top five of the lowest proportion of unskilled across each census:
Bishopstown A, Gillabbey C and Browningstown. Bishopstown A and Gillabbey C were the EDs
with the highest proportions with students across every census.
‘UNSKILLED’ BY CORK CITY ELECTORAL DIVISION, 2006, 2011 AND 2016
Table 190: EDs with Highest Proportions of Unskilled Workers (Source: CSO)
2006 % 2011 % 2016 %
Gurranebraher C 12.0% Fair Hill B 12.4% Knocknaheeny 12.1%
Blackpool A 12.0% Fair Hill A 11.2% Fair Hill B 11.4%
Knocknaheeny 11.8% Knocknaheeny 9.7% Gurranebraher A 10.8%
Gurranebraher D 11.1% Farranferris B 9.0% Churchfield 10.2%
Fair Hill A 10.9% Farranferris C 8.7% Fair Hill A 9.8%
Table 191: EDs with Lowest Proportions of Unskilled Workers (Source: CSO)
2006 % 2011 % 2016 %
Tramore B 0.6% Tramore B 0.4% Gillabbey C 0.5%
Bishopstown A 0.7% Gillabbey C 0.5% Bishopstown A 0.6%
Gillabbey C 0.7% Glasheen B 0.7% Browningstown 0.8%
Browningstown 0.9% Browningstown 0.8% Knockrea A 0.8%
Knockrea A 1.2% Bishopstown A 0.8% Mardyke 0.8%
250
CORK CITY PROFILE 2018 SECTION 08 DEPRIVATION
8.2 Affluence and Deprivation
Cork City scores for 2006, 2011 and 2016 were -4.2, -1.9 and -.4 respectively. For the purposes
of comparison, Dublin City scores were -1.2, 2.2 and 3.1 respectively and for County Cork 2.6,
2.9, and 3.4 respectively.245 Scores state-wide were -.4, .2 and .6 for 2006, 2011 and 2016.
Therefore, results for all noted geographic areas indicate an upward/positive trend towards
affluence from 2006 to 2016.
At Cork City ED level, the results show that across each census Knockrea A and Bishopstown
A feature in the five most affluent EDs in Cork City and the affluence level of Bishopstown A
has increased with each census.
Farranferris B, Knocknaheeny and Fair Hill B appear in each census as among the most
disadvantaged EDs in Cork City. Farranferris B’s level of disadvantage has decreased across
each census. Knocknaheeny’s index improved from 2006 to 2011 and, although it decreased
again by 2016, the index had improved overall by 2016. Fair Hill B’s index dis-improved from
2006 to 2011 to 2016.
245 - 2016 Deprivation Index by NUTS4 regions (2006-2016).
The following results are based on the HP Deprivation Index. This index
has been developed to measure the relative affluence or disadvantage of
geographical areas using census data. The index score ranges from -40
(most disadvantaged) to +40 (most affluent). The following index scores
present data from the 2006, 2011 and 2016 censuses.
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CORK CITY PROFILE 2018 SECTION 08 DEPRIVATION
Table 192: EDs with Highest (Most Affluent) HP Deprivation Index Scores (Source: CSO)
2006 HP Score 2011 HP Score 2016 HP Score
Knockrea A 12.31 Knockrea A 13.45 Bishopstown A 13.69
Centre A 11.97 Bishopstown A 11.12 Mardyke 13.02
Bishopstown A 9.76 Mardyke 11.09 Gillabbey C 12.26
South Gate A 8.71 Gillabbey C 10.52 Centre A 11.97
Tivoli A 7.77 Tramore B 10.22 Knockrea A 11.49
Table 193: EDs with Lowest (Most Deprived) HP Deprivation Index Scores (Source: CSO)
2006 HP Score 2011 HP Score 2016 HP Score
Farranferris B -21.28 Fair Hill B -20.68 Fair Hill B -22.30
Knocknaheeny -20.07 Farranferris B -19.65 Knocknaheeny -20.03
Fair Hill B -19.9 Knocknaheeny -19.14 Farranferris B -18.06
Fair Hill A -18.93 Gurranebraher A -18.52 Mayfield -17.47
Churchfield -18.59 Fair Hill A -17.89 Gurranebraher A -15.93
Figure 67: TRUTZ - HAASE DEPRIVATION SCORE, 2016 (SOURCE: CSO)
Togher
Mahon
Blackpool/The Glen/Mayfield
Knocknaheeny/Hollyhill/
Churchfield
Fairhill/Gurranabraher/
Farranree
Source: Esri, HERE, Garmin, © OpenStreetMap contributors, and the GIS user community
TRUTZ - HAASE DEPRIVATION SCORE, 2016 ±
0 1 20.5
Kilometers
Deprivation Index Label
Cork City Boundary
Rapid Areas
Knocknaheeny/Hollyhill/Churchfield
Blackpool/The Glen/Mayfield
Fairhill/Gurranabraher/Farranree
Mahon
Togher
Very Disadvantaged (-20 to -30)
Disadvantaged (-10 to -20)
Maginally Below Average (0 to -10)
Marginally Above Average (0 to 10)
Affluent (10 to 20)