depressants
DESCRIPTION
DEPRESSANTS. Tranquilizers , sedatives , hypnotics . Relax the CNS. Interfere with nerve impulse transmission . Slow down activity of brain , heart . Reduce breathing rate and emotional response. At high doses – Sleep Extremely high doses - Death. Depressants. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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DEPRESSANTS
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Depressants
Tranquilizers, sedatives, hypnotics.
Relax the CNS.Interfere with nerve
impulse transmission.Slow down activity of
brain, heart.Reduce breathing rate
and emotional response.At high doses – Sleep Extremely high doses -
Death
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Tranquilizers
Alcohol, valium (diazepam), librium.
Reduce nervous tension, anxiety.
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Sedatives
eg. Barbituarates (a class of drugs that are depressants)
Soothing of distress.Without sleep.Tranquilizers are
milder than sedatives.
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Hypnotics
Produce sleep.Chloral hydrate.Phenobarbitol.
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Increasing the dose of depressants
NormalRelief of anxietyDisinhibitionSedationHypnosis (sleep)General anaestheticComaDEATH
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Ethanol
Fat solublePenetrates cell, tissues
membranesEasily absorbedMild intoxication (euphoria)Silly behaviourNeurological problems
(slurred speach, staggering)
Aggressive behaviourComaDeathAlcoholism
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Alcohol-Other uses
AntisepticMouthwash
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Effects of alcohol
Social Physiological
Please take notes using page 416.
Short termLong termSynergistic (when
combination is more harmful than either drug)
Please take notes from pages 416, 417.
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Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC)
Mass in grams of alcohol per 100 cubic centimetres of blood.
Sometimes listed as a percentage.
Alcohol in blood in equilibrium with alcohol vapour in lungs
Therefore a breathalyser test can be used
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Breathalyser Test
A redox reactionPotassium
dichromate is oxidising agent.
Oxidises alcohol to ethanoic acid.
Orange Cr(VI) to green Cr (III).
Transfer of electrons produces emf.
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Gas Liquid Chromatography
Components move through column at different speeds.
Detected and analysed.See page 418 for notes.
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Infra-Red Spectroscopy
IR energy vibrates moleculesEach molecule absorbs different range of
radiation.Eg OH bond is at characteristic
wavelength.See page 418 for notes.
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Valium
Worlds most prescribed drug
SedativeRelieves anxiety,
tensionInhibits nerve
transmission by interacting with inhibitors
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Nitrazepam (mogadon)
Common sleeping pillAlso used to control
seizures and infantile spasms
Phenyl group, fused benzene ring, with a 7 membered heterocyclic ring, secondary amine
Compare to valium
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Prozac
Anti-depressantIncreases activity of
seratonin (a neurotransmitter)
Contains amine group
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Questions
7, 8 and 9 on page 435.