deposit analysis – investigating microbial problems in a paper … · 2011. 5. 13. · •...
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Deposit Analysis –p yInvestigating Microbial Problemsin a Paper Machine Environment
Janet H. Woodward & M. Tod Stoner
Commitment makes the best chemistry.
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Agenda
• Why are deposit analyses needed?• On-site analyses• Off-site analysesOff site analyses
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Deposits
• Impact paper machine efficiency and runnability
• Are classified as organic, inorganic, or g gmicrobiological
• Most deposits will be a combination of these p
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Types of Deposits• Organic
- Pitch- Pitch- Stickies
Additives- Additives- White pitchI i• Inorganic- Fillers- Scale
• Calcium carbonate, barium sulfate, alumina, calcium oxalateoxalate
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Types of DepositsMi bi l i l• Microbiological
Fungi400X
Filamentous Bacteria1000X
1000X
Encapsulated Bacteria
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On-Site Analyses• Useful information to determine what
additional testing will be requiredadditional testing will be required• Tools
Dissecting scope magnifying lens light- Dissecting scope, magnifying lens, light microscope
- “Spot and speck” (qualitative) test proceduresSpot and speck (qualitative) test procedures
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On-Site Analyses• Macro examination
- Odor- Odor- Color
Consistency- Consistency- Location of deposit
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On-Site Analyses• Microscopic examination
- Unstained wet mount• Observe non-biological components (fines, fillers,
starch) and higher life forms
Nematodes
Diatom
100XFilamentous
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On-Site Analyses• Microscopic examination
- Stained wet mount• Protein-specific stains to help visual microbes
Nematodes
Nematode
Diatom
NematodeFibers
FilamentousFilamentous100X
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On-Site Analyses• Qualitative chemical tests
- Microbio Ninhydriny• Stains protein in defects
- “Spot” tests, including iron, starch, alum, various inorganic scales
- References• Chemical supplier’s portable test kit• TAPPI Useful Method 589 (TAPPI PRESS 1991)
B L B i ’ A l i f P 2nd Editi• B.L. Browning’s Analysis of Paper, 2nd Edition (Marcel Dekker, Inc, 1977)
Filamentous
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Off-Site Analyses• Include semi-quantitative and quantitative
analysesy• Sufficient quantity of deposit will be needed
because:because:- Most techniques are destructive- No one procedure will provide a complete answerNo one procedure will provide a complete answer
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Off-Site Analyses• Techniques include:
- Inductive Coupling Plasma Spectroscopy (ICP)p g p py ( )• Inorganic determination
- Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR)y ( )• Extractable organics such as lignin and pitch
- FTIR-microscopy• Useful when defect is small
- Gas Chromatography & High Performance Liquid Ch hChromatography• Organic components
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Deposit Analyses• Data from both on-site (qualitative) and off-
site (semi-quantitative/quantitative)site (semi quantitative/quantitative) analyses need to be compiled to provide compositional information on the deposit/defect
• This information along with system g yknowledge and proficiency of the chemical supplier will provide the correct solution(s) to the problem
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Thank youThank you.
Q ti ?Questions?
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