deployment of a website on iis

8/3/2019 Deployment of a Website on IIS

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Deployment of a Website on IIS

During last few days, I was deploying my application and I faced a lot of issues. I found

deploying an application properly is as much as important as developing application. Ifapplication is not deployed properly, it can be very harmful to you application Here I

want to share my learning to you all.

For deployment, first we need to understand IIS, it's request processing and then we'll go

for deployment of the website and various configuration available in IIS, their keyfeatures, advantages and disadvantages etc..

IIS

o IIS and URL Processing

o IIS6.0 Process Model

Managing a Virtual directory

o Making a Virtual Directory

o Virtual Directories Settings Managing a Application Pool

o Creating Application pools

o Application pools Configurations

Deploying application

IIS

IIS at root level, a Windows Service that is responsible for processing requests receivedon specific ports. For it, a service called the World Wide Web Publishing Service runs on

the system. For deploying an application, we cerate a Virtual directory and the convert itinto an application. Actually Virtual Directory is nothing more than a configuration entryin IIS for sharing a physical path for access through Web Server.
http://www.codeproject.com/KB/aspnet/DeployingatIIS.aspx#ahttp://www.codeproject.com/KB/aspnet/DeployingatIIS.aspx#bhttp://www.codeproject.com/KB/aspnet/DeployingatIIS.aspx#chttp://www.codeproject.com/KB/aspnet/DeployingatIIS.aspx#dhttp://www.codeproject.com/KB/aspnet/DeployingatIIS.aspx#ehttp://www.codeproject.com/KB/aspnet/DeployingatIIS.aspx#fhttp://www.codeproject.com/KB/aspnet/DeployingatIIS.aspx#ghttp://www.codeproject.com/KB/aspnet/DeployingatIIS.aspx#hhttp://www.codeproject.com/KB/aspnet/DeployingatIIS.aspx#ihttp://www.codeproject.com/KB/aspnet/DeployingatIIS.aspx#jhttp://www.codeproject.com/KB/aspnet/DeployingatIIS.aspx#Mainhttp://www.codeproject.com/KB/aspnet/DeployingatIIS.aspx#ahttp://www.codeproject.com/KB/aspnet/DeployingatIIS.aspx#bhttp://www.codeproject.com/KB/aspnet/DeployingatIIS.aspx#chttp://www.codeproject.com/KB/aspnet/DeployingatIIS.aspx#dhttp://www.codeproject.com/KB/aspnet/DeployingatIIS.aspx#ehttp://www.codeproject.com/KB/aspnet/DeployingatIIS.aspx#fhttp://www.codeproject.com/KB/aspnet/DeployingatIIS.aspx#ghttp://www.codeproject.com/KB/aspnet/DeployingatIIS.aspx#hhttp://www.codeproject.com/KB/aspnet/DeployingatIIS.aspx#ihttp://www.codeproject.com/KB/aspnet/DeployingatIIS.aspx#j


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The complete configuration (with all its settings) is stored in a file, called a metabase, on

local system. IIS metabase is a XML -based data store in IIS6.x and it can be configuredthrough IIS management console.

IIS and URL Processing:Normally ,Web application are accessed and processed through browser. Browser sends

the request to the Server (Here it is IIS) which actually process the request. The followingare the steps that are done by IIS

First, IIS examine the requested URL. It also check the port if it is not configured

on default port 80,then url also requires port no.

If we have a URL "http://webserver/store/books.aspx" then here web servershows the name of Virtual directory and books.aspx is the requested file.

Every file extension is registered in IIS and connected with ISAPI extension and

every file is connected to a DLL file. Every file extension is connected to ASP.NET runtime are connected with

appropriate aspnet_isapi.dll ISAPI extension. these are automatically added at the

time of installation. Using this different version of framework are managed (as,ASP.NET 1.0 1.1 and 2.0) and can be configured for every website.

IIS 6 is split in several componants:In it a Kernel driver as the picture below is

responsible for receiving HTTP requests from the clients then it forwards requests

to any process that registers itself for specific URLs. i e any application that


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registers with the kernel mode driver can receive HTTP requests without running

the whole server.

IIS launches worker processes which provide mechanism of Isolation and eachworker process runs one or more applications, either ASP.NET based or any other

type

IIS 6.0 Process Model:

The web server is now split into several components.IIS 6.0 includes a kernel modedriver called HTTP.SYS,which is responsible for receiving HTTP requests from clients.

And the kernel forword the requests to any process that registers itself to specific URLs.

All the reliability and security options are configured at the applications pool

level.Therefore,when running ASP.NET on IIS6.0,the classic ASP.NET process modelwith the configuration of the element in the machine.config is

desabled ,cause all the options introduced for the are configured for

IIS6.0 worker process.

WAS monitors each workers process and if one fails it restarts it so that it application

doesn't go down abruptly.


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We can define separate identity for each worker process ie it allows to configure

additional isolation through permissions of the account that's configured for the

worker process and these are configured through application pools in IISmanagement console i e every application pool has itself own worker process and

every Virtual Directory can be be assigned to these application pools as I discuss

in the last section.Each application pool can run as many application as needed.

Application pools allows us to easily configure different web applications to run

under different account with different resource usage limits and provide more web

application isolation

Managing a Virtual Directory :

Managing a virtual directory includes creating a virtual directory and its all settings.

When IIS is installed a directory named "c:/Inetpub/wwwroot" is created

automatically.Any files in this directory will appear as they're in the root of the webserver.using the wwwroot directory fro creating a virtual directory makes a very poor

organisation so try to avoid it.That's why I choosen the second option as below

Making a Virtual directory:

1. Go to run and type inetmgr and press enter. You will get IIS management consoleas below and do as the screen shot.


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2. Click next.Set alias of your website as you want


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3. ClickNext and browse the physical path of your application.


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4. Set Permissions as we have five options as


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Read: It is most basic and is mandatory to access the webpage of your

application.

Run Scripts: It is required for the aspx pages not for the static HTML pages

because aspx pages need more permissions sp that they could conceivablyperform operations.

Execute: This allows the user to run an ordinary executable file or CGI

application. This can be a security risk so allow when it is really needed.

Write: It allows to add, modify or remove files from the web server. This should

never be allowed. Browse: This allows one to retrieve a full list of files in the virtual directory even

if the contents of the file are restricted.It is generally disabled.

5. Right Click on the Virtual Directory and go to properties and clock on create to set itas application


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Virtual Directories settings:

IIS made very easy to configure Virtual directory settings after creation of it. Just Right

click on virtual directory and choose properties. And the property window will appear.Below I am trying to explore some most important settings.

File Mappings: As earlier, IIS forwards requests for aspx pages to the ASP ISAPI

extension and sends requests for ASP.NET pages to the ASP.NET ISAPI extensions. And

IIS decides the ISAPI extension based on the filename extension of the requested URL

and these mappings can be done per virtual directory basis. To view it, clickConfiguration button on the Virtual Directory tab in the properties of a Virtual Directory.


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S No File Extensions Description

1 .aspx These are ASP.NET WebPages

2 .ascx

These are ASP.NET user controls. It can't

be accessed directly, to access it it mustbe hosted on ASP.net pages.

3 .asmx

These are ASP.NET web services, which

is used for exposing functionality to other

applications over HTTP.

4 .asaxThese are for Glo9bal application filewhich is used for global events like when

user starts the application.

5 .ashx

These are HTTPHandlers,which allow to

process requests without using the full-fledged ASP.NET web-page model.

6 .axd These are used for the trace.axd

application extension, which allows to


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trace messages while debugging

7 .rem and .soap

These extn identify that IIS is hosting an

object that can be called by .NET

Remoting

8 .cs,.csproj,.licx,.config,.resx,.webinfo

These files are used by ASP.NET, but

that can't be directly called by

clientsAlthow,ASP.NET registers them

so that it can explicitly prevent usersfrom accessing these files, regardless of

the IIS security settings.

Normally, if we have multiple versions of ASP.NET installed at one point of time, one

may want to configure the mappings deffrently in different directories.

Documents: This tab allows one to specify the default documents for a Virtual Directory.

Like if user just type "http://MyServer/MyApplication" then IIS simply redirect to theuser to that default page. If none page is found, IIS will return the HTTP 404 (page not

found error). To see and set the default page, in the properties of the Virtual Directories,

Click on the documents tab


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Custom Errors: This tab allows us to specify an error page that'll be displayed for

specific type of HTTP errors (see below picture) .One can use ASP.NET configuration to

replace HTTP errors or application errors with custom messages. This only work if theweb request makes it to ASP.NET service.


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Managing a Application Pool ( worker processes):

As a default installation, one application pool called DefaultAppPool is created. This runs

as a Network Service, every web application runs on default website uses this defaultpool.

Creating Application Pools:

First let us try to know, when we need different application pool as we have already anapplication pool asDefaultAppPool.Mainly there are three reasons

Stability problems: If on a server there are multiple application are running, If allare on same pool then if this pool have any problem the all the application using

this pool are going to affected.

Memory Leaks: If there is resource intensive application an old applicationrunning on a application pool with a memory leak is perfect candidate for regular


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recycling. In this case, applications running on different application pool, will not

get affected.

Security: Security configuration is another main reason for having multipleapplication pool. Let us ,we want an application that will be able to write some

logs on the client computer, then we should have an application pool which

should run on LocalSystem's account other might be doesn't need the same sothey can on different accounts.

Administration: This is also one of the reasons for having separate pools .Might

be on a server, there are multiple sites hosted for saparate parties then it doesn'tallow to access the resources of another pools.

Note: Recycling an application pool (worker process) means stoppinng the old worker

proceses which have already take lots of resources and start new instance of it for theapplication pool.

To create the application pool follow the below steps ( Please keep in mind that IIS

should be installed on the machine)

1. Go to run -> type inetmgr then click ok. You will get the following window.

2.


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3.


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Here you have two options

First, if you want to use default settings (use it when you want to create it with

new settings)

Second, If you want to have a new pool with just same settings as some another

pool then you can can select this one and change the template pool from thedropdown (It'll save your time from doing the same settings again)

4. You can configure the application pool by right click on the pool created and selectproperties

5. You can configure the identity of every application pool by selecting Identity tab fromthe property window of application pool as above window


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Here in the dropdown ,one has three options:

Network Service: This account is restricted account with least privileges in thethree.This is mainly used for applications that require access to network and need to be

accessed from other machines in the network.

Local Service: This account is having more restricted than Network service and mainly

to be used for services that don,t require additional network access.

Local system: Generally this account is not recommended to use, because it is most

powerful account of the system. It can perform any action on the local system. so the

basic motto , one should provide that much of privilege that the application needed so itcan't be hacked easily.

you can also configure it as selecting your own user account by specifying the the

Windows user name and password for this account.

Application Pools Configuration:


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Right Click on the application and go to Virtual directory tab

change the application pool and click on apply button.

Deploying Application:

Deploying is nothing more than copying the published code of the application to targetmachine and configure the environment as needed. this is true for simple application but

for application using database or access other resources, one need to perform additional

steps.

1. Copy required file to target machine: Check whether all assemblies are in place. Ifnot use install it using gacutil.exe.

2. Create and configure the Database

3. Add IIS file mappings as per requirement4. Update web.config for any application settings or connection strings etc.


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5. Rest settings can be done as per requirement as we discussed above like

application pool etc.

Hope you all like this article. Please do post your comments it'll help me a lot to improvethis article as well as my upcoming articles.

License

This article, along with any associated source code and files, is licensed underThe Code

Project Open License (CPOL)

About the Author

Brij

Member

Brij has done MCA from National Institute of

Techlnology,Durgapur, West Bengal, India.He is currently

working as a S/W Developer Multinational from last three years.He has also done graduation in Comp Science from Lucknow

University .He is also certified as Microsoft CertifiedTechnologies Specialist-Web Applications and Microsoft

Cerfied Professional. He is having very good expertise in .NET-Web Application.And also a good exposer in .NET3.0/3.5

framework .He is also a Exchange Server 2007(EWS)

Specialist.He has a great passion to learn new MicrosoftTecnologies and love to share the Knowledge.

Language / Technology :

C#, ASP.NET, AJAX, XML,XSLT, ADO.Net , Active Directory ,Exchange Server 2007 (EWS) , LCS-2005, Java script, Web

Services ,Win services,DotnetNuke,Win Services,WSS3.0,Sharepoint Designer

Database :

SQL Server 2000,SQL Server 2005

Application Server :

IIS 5.1, IIS 6, IIS 7

Performance Tool :SQL Profiler, Rational Performance Tester (RPT), ANTS Profiler

Occupation: Software Developer (Senior)

Location: India

Other popular ASP.NET articles:
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FAQ Search

Noise Tolerance Layout Per page

Update

Msgs 1 to 11 of 11 (Total in Forum: 11) (Refresh) FirstPrevNext

Automatic Deploy? pl.2 6:41 12 Jan '09

How to create automatic mechanisms (scripts, .exe, installers, ...) performing ALL

the steps you show?Sign InView ThreadPermaLink
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Re: Automatic Deploy? Brij 18:52 12 Jan '09

For automatic deploy.You need a wesetup for your project.Check the links

First[^]Second[^]

Cheers!!Brij

Sign InView ThreadPermaLink

Missing word? paulo.nascimento 13:17 8 Jan '09

Hi there!

Great article! : D

But something is bothering me. When you explained the Local System account, youwrote:

"generally this account is recommended to use, because it is most powerful account

of the system"

Did you mean "generally this account is NOT recommended to use"?

Thanks,

PauloSign InView ThreadPermaLink 5.00/5 (1 vote)

Re: Missing word? Brij 17:54 8 Jan '09

Thanks Paulo,

It was just a typo mistake.I'll update it.Thanks a lot again and if any more things

need to update/typo mistake.Please do remind me.

Thanks

Cheers!!

Brij


My vote of 2 Tom Lennon 22:51 5 Jan '09

It doesn't go into detail on the pitfalls of some of the configurable options of theapplication pool e.g. recycling the worker process blindly at a regular interval will

kill sessions, which will have an impact on high-availability applications.

Sign InView ThreadPermaLink 1.00/5 (3 votes)

Re: My vote of 2 Brij 1:02 6 Jan '09Hi Tom,
http://www.codeproject.com/Messages/2877057/Re-Automatic-Deploy.aspxhttp://www.codeproject.com/KB/aspnet/DeployingatIIS.aspxhttp://www.codeproject.com/script/Membership/View.aspx?mid=4841120http://weblogs.asp.net/scottgu/archive/2005/11/06/429723.aspxhttp://weblogs.asp.net/scottgu/archive/2005/11/06/429723.aspxhttp://www.beansoftware.com/ASP.NET-Tutorials/Deploy-ASP.NET.aspxhttp://www.beansoftware.com/ASP.NET-Tutorials/Deploy-ASP.NET.aspxhttp://www.codeproject.com/script/Membership/LogOn.aspx?rp=%2FKB%2Faspnet%2FDeployingatIIS.aspxhttp://www.codeproject.com/KB/aspnet/DeployingatIIS.aspx?fid=1533198&tid=2876334http://www.codeproject.com/KB/aspnet/DeployingatIIS.aspx?fid=1533198&tid=2876334http://www.codeproject.com/Messages/2877057/Re-Automatic-Deploy.aspxhttp://www.codeproject.com/Messages/2877057/Re-Automatic-Deploy.aspxhttp://www.codeproject.com/Messages/2871829/Missing-word.aspxhttp://www.codeproject.com/script/Membership/View.aspx?mid=1700725http://www.codeproject.com/script/Membership/LogOn.aspx?rp=%2FKB%2Faspnet%2FDeployingatIIS.aspxhttp://www.codeproject.com/KB/aspnet/DeployingatIIS.aspx?fid=1533198&tid=2871829http://www.codeproject.com/Messages/2871829/Missing-word.aspxhttp://www.codeproject.com/Messages/2871945/Re-Missing-word.aspxhttp://www.codeproject.com/script/Membership/View.aspx?mid=4841120http://www.codeproject.com/script/Membership/LogOn.aspx?rp=%2FKB%2Faspnet%2FDeployingatIIS.aspxhttp://www.codeproject.com/KB/aspnet/DeployingatIIS.aspx?fid=1533198&tid=2871829http://www.codeproject.com/KB/aspnet/DeployingatIIS.aspx?fid=1533198&tid=2871829http://www.codeproject.com/Messages/2871945/Re-Missing-word.aspxhttp://www.codeproject.com/Messages/2871945/Re-Missing-word.aspxhttp://www.codeproject.com/Messages/2867030/My-vote-of-2.aspxhttp://www.codeproject.com/KB/aspnet/DeployingatIIS.aspxhttp://www.codeproject.com/script/Membership/View.aspx?mid=3180149http://www.codeproject.com/script/Membership/LogOn.aspx?rp=%2FKB%2Faspnet%2FDeployingatIIS.aspxhttp://www.codeproject.com/KB/aspnet/DeployingatIIS.aspx?fid=1533198&tid=2867030http://www.codeproject.com/Messages/2867030/My-vote-of-2.aspxhttp://www.codeproject.com/Messages/2867248/Re-My-vote-of-2.aspxhttp://www.codeproject.com/KB/aspnet/DeployingatIIS.aspxhttp://www.codeproject.com/script/Membership/View.aspx?mid=4841120http://www.codeproject.com/KB/aspnet/DeployingatIIS.aspxhttp://www.codeproject.com/KB/aspnet/DeployingatIIS.aspxhttp://www.codeproject.com/KB/aspnet/DeployingatIIS.aspxhttp://www.codeproject.com/KB/aspnet/DeployingatIIS.aspxhttp://www.codeproject.com/KB/aspnet/DeployingatIIS.aspxhttp://www.codeproject.com/Messages/2877057/Re-Automatic-Deploy.aspxhttp://www.codeproject.com/script/Membership/View.aspx?mid=4841120http://weblogs.asp.net/scottgu/archive/2005/11/06/429723.aspxhttp://weblogs.asp.net/scottgu/archive/2005/11/06/429723.aspxhttp://www.beansoftware.com/ASP.NET-Tutorials/Deploy-ASP.NET.aspxhttp://www.beansoftware.com/ASP.NET-Tutorials/Deploy-ASP.NET.aspxhttp://www.codeproject.com/script/Membership/LogOn.aspx?rp=%2FKB%2Faspnet%2FDeployingatIIS.aspxhttp://www.codeproject.com/KB/aspnet/DeployingatIIS.aspx?fid=1533198&tid=2876334http://www.codeproject.com/Messages/2877057/Re-Automatic-Deploy.aspxhttp://www.codeproject.com/Messages/2871829/Missing-word.aspxhttp://www.codeproject.com/script/Membership/View.aspx?mid=1700725http://www.codeproject.com/script/Membership/LogOn.aspx?rp=%2FKB%2Faspnet%2FDeployingatIIS.aspxhttp://www.codeproject.com/KB/aspnet/DeployingatIIS.aspx?fid=1533198&tid=2871829http://www.codeproject.com/Messages/2871829/Missing-word.aspxhttp://www.codeproject.com/Messages/2871945/Re-Missing-word.aspxhttp://www.codeproject.com/script/Membership/View.aspx?mid=4841120http://www.codeproject.com/script/Membership/LogOn.aspx?rp=%2FKB%2Faspnet%2FDeployingatIIS.aspxhttp://www.codeproject.com/KB/aspnet/DeployingatIIS.aspx?fid=1533198&tid=2871829http://www.codeproject.com/Messages/2871945/Re-Missing-word.aspxhttp://www.codeproject.com/Messages/2867030/My-vote-of-2.aspxhttp://www.codeproject.com/script/Membership/View.aspx?mid=3180149http://www.codeproject.com/script/Membership/LogOn.aspx?rp=%2FKB%2Faspnet%2FDeployingatIIS.aspxhttp://www.codeproject.com/KB/aspnet/DeployingatIIS.aspx?fid=1533198&tid=2867030http://www.codeproject.com/Messages/2867030/My-vote-of-2.aspxhttp://www.codeproject.com/Messages/2867248/Re-My-vote-of-2.aspxhttp://www.codeproject.com/script/Membership/View.aspx?mid=4841120


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In a application(anywhere),whenever we take an approach to solve a problem,there

is always pros and cons/tradeoffs.So the moto is,to apply the best approach based

on the requirement so it can harm very less.

Tom Lennon wrote:It doesn't go into detail on the pitfalls of some of the configurable options of the

application pool

The topic that is explored here,a entire book can be written.My moto is that,topresent it in a consize way keeping in mind the important topics,not to present the

sea of contents .

Tom Lennon wrote:recycling the worker process blindly at a regular interval will kill sessions, which

will have an impact on high-availability applications

Now coming to this point,Recycling needs only when there is memory leak on the

server,and of course after certain time the server would be choked.I am surpised as

you say,it will kill sessions, when server will not be in running condition

.Recycling of worker processes is needed for the legacy application deployed on

various servers(in a cyclic order),having memeory leaks based on the server health

so that the application is always up .

Tom Lennon wrote:

My vote of 2

Lastly markes doesn't matter,but it shows the way one looks the things .

Cheers!!

Brij


Re: My vote of 2 [modified] Abhijit Jana 1:20 6 Jan '09Tom Lennon wrote:

It doesn't go into detail on the pitfalls of some of the configurable options of the

application pool e.g. recycling the worker process blindly at a regular interval will

kill sessions, which will have an impact on high-availability applications.

That's True !! But It's does not mean that you will down vote the article. You can

give him suggestion/Improvement area that he can add/update the article. But it
http://www.codeproject.com/script/Membership/LogOn.aspx?rp=%2FKB%2Faspnet%2FDeployingatIIS.aspxhttp://www.codeproject.com/KB/aspnet/DeployingatIIS.aspx?fid=1533198&tid=2867030http://www.codeproject.com/KB/aspnet/DeployingatIIS.aspx?fid=1533198&tid=2867030http://www.codeproject.com/Messages/2867248/Re-My-vote-of-2.aspxhttp://www.codeproject.com/Messages/2867248/Re-My-vote-of-2.aspxhttp://www.codeproject.com/Messages/2867277/Re-My-vote-of-2-modified.aspxhttp://www.codeproject.com/script/Membership/View.aspx?mid=3978578http://www.codeproject.com/script/Membership/View.aspx?mid=3978578http://www.codeproject.com/script/Membership/View.aspx?mid=3978578http://www.codeproject.com/KB/aspnet/DeployingatIIS.aspxhttp://www.codeproject.com/script/Membership/LogOn.aspx?rp=%2FKB%2Faspnet%2FDeployingatIIS.aspxhttp://www.codeproject.com/KB/aspnet/DeployingatIIS.aspx?fid=1533198&tid=2867030http://www.codeproject.com/Messages/2867248/Re-My-vote-of-2.aspxhttp://www.codeproject.com/Messages/2867277/Re-My-vote-of-2-modified.aspxhttp://www.codeproject.com/script/Membership/View.aspx?mid=3978578


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does not means to De-Motivate any author by down voting there article. [Added]

( At least not from those who never writes any articles in CP and down vote some

article in his first post ) [/Added]

cheers,

AbhijitCodeProject.Com MVP

modified on Tuesday, January 6, 2009 6:43 AM

Sign InView ThreadPermaLink 5.00/5 (6 votes)

Fantastic Work Brij Abhijit Jana 19:23 4 Jan '09

This is Excellent . This will really helps beginners who are facing lots of problem todeploy their sites on IIS. Even in forum, I have got lots of question that "How to

deploy a web sites ?" . Now this is the best link that we can provide to all of them.

Again Good Job !!!

Keep it Up !!!

cheers,

Abhijit


Re: Fantastic Work Brij Brij 19:31 4 Jan '09

Thanks a lot Abhijitn for your comments.

Cheers!!

Brij


Very Good Job bbm2k3 1:15 4 Jan '09Thanks a lot.This is a very good article that explores IIS.Many times i faced a lot of

issues in it.It'll help all of us


Re: Very Good Job Brij 6:20 5 Jan '09

Thanks

Cheers!!

Brij


Last Visit: 8:49 31 Aug '09 Last Update: 8:49 31 Aug '09 1

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