DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS

Curriculum and Syllabus for

Postgraduate Programme in

Physics (New and Renewable Energy)

Under Credit Semester System

(with effect from 2015 admissions)

BOARD OF STUDIES IN PHYSICS

Chairman: Dr Issac Paul, Head of the Department of Physics

Members

Faculty of the Department

1. Dr. Shajo Sebastian

2. Dr. Siby Kurien

3. Dr. Jacob Mathew M

4. Dr. K E Abraham

5. Dr. Gijo Jose

6. Dr. Sajith Mathews T

Corporate Sector

7. Mr. Christo George, Chairman and MD,HYKON India Pvt .Ltd., Thrissur

8. Mr. T R R Nair, MD ESTRRADO Technologies, Thiruvananthapuram

External Experts

9. Dr. N V Unnikrishnan, Professor Emeritus, School of Pure and Applied Physics, MG

University, Kottayam

10. Dr. Anil Shaji, Assistant Professor, School of Physics, IISER, Thiruvananthapuram

Distinguished Alumni

11. Dr. M T Jose, Scientist ‘G’, IGCAR, Kalpakkom, Tamilnadu

Vice Chancellor’s Nominee

12. Dr. C Sudarsanakumar, Professor, School of Pure and Applied Physics, MG

University, Kottayam

Acknowledgement

The Board of Studies in Physics (PG) acknowledges the contributions from all

members in restructuring the Post Graduate Education in Physics. The abundant support and

recommendations from the sub-groups for designing different courses has shaped this

curriculum to this present nature.

We thank all for their benevolent support and cooperation to make this venture a

success.

For the Board of Studies in Physics,

Dr Issac Paul

(Chairman)

PREAMBLE

MSc Physics course with specialisation in New and Renewable Energy (NRE) aims to

provide systematic knowledge of the subject to the graduates of Physics with specification

in modern and job-oriented areas.

The revised curriculum of MSc Physics ((NRE)) course is developed keeping in

mind that students should be enabled with problems solving skills by an approach that

describes physical phenomena with relevant mathematical models and formulae and

thereby equip them to clear national level competitive examinations.

PROGRAMME OBJECTIVES

To provide students with a thorough understanding of the basic concepts of physics

and the methods scientists use to explore natural phenomena, including observation,

hypothesis development, measurement and data collection, experimentation,

evaluation of evidence, and employment of mathematical analysis.

To instruct students of the fundamental laws of physics and the application of

scientific data, concepts, and models for use in the natural sciences and real world

situations.

To provide students with problem solving skills by an approach that describes

physical phenomena with relevant mathematical models and formulae.

To develop the student’s mathematical ability to manipulate formulae and derive

correct numerical solutions that can be measured in the real world.

To instruct students in the competent use of laboratory equipment to collect and

record data, apply relevant mathematical models and perform required computations,

and present the derived results as an application of a measured observation of the

physical world.

To have students prepare a written laboratory report that effectively interprets and

communicates their results.

To have students effectively use computers as a tool for data collection, analysis, and

communication.

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REGULATIONS FOR POSTGRADUATE PROGRAMME IN PHYSICS (NEW AND

RENEWABLE ENERGY) UNDER CREDIT SEMESTER SYSTEM (SB-CSS-PG) 2015

1. SHORT TITLE

1.1 These Regulations shall be called St. Berchmans College (Autonomous) Regulations

(2015) governing postgraduate programme in Physics (New and Renewable Energy) under

the Credit Semester System (SB-CSS-PG).

1.2 These Regulations shall come into force with effect from the academic year 2015 -

2016 onwards.

2. SCOPE

2.1 The regulation provided herein shall apply to the postgraduate programme in Physics

(New and Renewable Energy) conducted by St. Berchmans College (Autonomous) with

effect from the academic year 2015-2016 admission onwards.

3. DEFINITIONS

3.1 ‘University’ means Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala.

3.2 ‘College’ means St. Berchmans College (Autonomous).

3.3 There shall be an Academic Committee nominated by the Principal to look after the

matters relating to the postgraduate programme in Physics (New and Renewable Energy)

under the Credit Semester System.

3.4 ‘Academic Council’ means the Committee consisting of members as provided under

section 107 of the Autonomy Ordinance, Government of Kerala.

3.5 ‘Parent Department’ means the Department of Physics.

3.6 ‘Department Council’ means the body of all teachers of the Department of Physics.

3.7 ‘Faculty Mentor’ is a teacher nominated by a Department Council to coordinate the

continuous evaluation and other academic activities of the postgraduate programme in

Physics (New and Renewable Energy) undertaken in the Department.

3.8 ‘Programme’ means the entire course of study and examinations.

3.9 ‘Duration of Programme’ means the period of time required for the conduct of the

programme. The duration of the postgraduate programme in Physics (New and

Renewable Energy) shall be four (4) semesters.

3.10 ‘Semester’ means a term consisting of a minimum of ninety (90) working days,

inclusive of examination, distributed over a minimum of eighteen (18) weeks of five (5)

working days each.

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3.11 ‘Course’ means a segment of subject matter to be covered in a semester. Each Course is

to be designed under lectures/tutorials/laboratory/seminar/project/practical/

assignments/evaluation etc., to meet effective teaching and learning needs.

3.12 ‘Course Teacher’ means the teacher who is taking classes on the course.

3.13 ‘Core Course’ means a course that the student admitted to the postgraduate programme

in Physics (New and Renewable Energy) must successfully complete to receive the

Degree and which cannot be substituted by any other course.

3.14 ‘Elective Course’ means a course, which can be substituted, by equivalent course from

the same subject and the number of courses required to complete the programme shall

be decided by the Board of Studies.

3.15 ‘Project’ means a regular project work with stated credits on which the student conducts

a project under the supervision of a teacher in the parent department/any appropriate

research centre in order to submit a dissertation on the project work as specified.

3.16 ‘Plagiarism’ is the unreferenced use of other authors’ material in dissertations and is a

serious academic offence.

3.17 ‘Seminar’ means a lecture expected to train the student in self-study, collection of

relevant matter from books and Internet resources, editing, document writing, typing

and presentation.

3.18 ‘Tutorial’ means a class to provide an opportunity to interact with students at their

individual level to identify the strength and weakness of individual students.

3.19 ‘Evaluation’ means every student shall be evaluated by in-semester assessment (25%)

and end-semester assessment (75%).

3.20 ‘Improvement Examination’ is an examination conducted to improve the performance

of student in the courses of a particular semester.

3.21 ‘Supplementary Examination’ is an examination conducted for students who fail in the

courses of a particular semester.

3.22 ‘Improvement Course’ is a course registered by a student for improving the

performance in that particular course.

3.23 ‘Supplementary Course’ is a course that is repeated by a student for having failed in that

course in an earlier registration.

3.24 The minimum credits required for completing postgraduate programme in Physics (New

and Renewable Energy) is eighty (80).

3.25 ‘Credit’ (C) of a course is a measure of the weekly unit of work assigned for that course

in a semester.

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3.26 ‘Course Credit’: One credit of the course is defined as a minimum of one (1) hour

lecture/minimum of two (2) hours lab/field work per week for eighteen (18) weeks in a

semester. The course will be considered as completed only by conducting the final

examination.

3.27 ‘Grade’ means a letter symbol (A, B, C etc.) which indicates the broad level of

performance of a student in a course/semester/programme.

3.28 ‘Grade Point’ (GP) is the numerical indicator of the percentage of marks awarded to a

student in a course.

3.29 ‘Credit Point’ (CP) of a course is the value obtained by multiplying the grade point

(GP) by the credit (C) of the course.

3.30 ‘Semester Credit Point Average’ (SCPA) of a semester is calculated by dividing total

credit points obtained by the student in a semester by total credits of that semester and

shall be rounded off to two decimal places.

3.31 ‘Cumulative Credit Point Average’ (CCPA) is the value obtained by dividing the sum

of credit points in all the courses obtained by the student for the entire programme by

the total credits of the whole programme and shall be rounded off to two decimal

places.

3.32 ‘Institution average’ is the value obtained by dividing the sum of the marks obtained by

all students in a particular course by the number of students in respective course.

3.33 ‘Weighted Average Score’ means the score obtained by dividing sum of the products of

marks secured and credit of each course by the total credits of that semester/programme

and shall be rounded off to two decimal places.

3.34 ‘Grace Marks’ means marks awarded to course/courses, in recognition of meritorious

achievements of a student in NCC/NSS/ Sports/Arts and cultural activities.

4. PROGRAMME STRUCTURE

4.1 Students shall be admitted into four semester postgraduate programme in Physics (New

and Renewable Energy).

4.2 The programme shall include two types of courses; Core courses and Elective Courses.

There shall be a Project with dissertation to be undertaken by all students. The

programme pedagogy includes lectures, laboratory works, assignments and seminars.

4.3 Total credits for a programme is eighty (80). No course shall have more than four (4)

credits.

4.4 Project

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Project shall be completed by working outside the regular teaching hours. Project shall

be carried out under the supervision of a teacher in the concerned department. A

candidate may, however, in certain cases be permitted to work on the project in an

industrial/research organization on the recommendation of the Supervisor. There shall

be an internal assessment and external assessment for the project. The external

evaluation of the project work is followed by presentation of work including

dissertation and viva-voce.

4.5 Evaluations

The evaluation of each course shall contain two parts.

i Internal or In-Semester Assessment (ISA)

ii External or End-Semester Assessment (ESA)

Both ISA and ESA shall be carried out using indirect grading. The ISA:ESA ratio is

1:3. Marks for ISA is 25 and ESA is 75 for all courses.

4.6 In-semester assessment of theory courses

There are four components for ISA, which include attendance, assignment, seminar and

in-semester examination.

Components of ISA Marks

Attendance 5

Assignment 5

Seminar 5

In-semester examination (2×5 = 10) 10

Total 25

4.7 Attendance evaluation of students for each course shall be as follows:

% of Attendance Marks

95 and above 5

90 - 94 4

85 - 89 3

80 - 84 2

75 - 79 1

4.8 Assignments

Every student shall submit one assignment as an internal component for every course.

4.9 Seminar

Every student shall deliver one seminar as an internal component for every course. The

seminar is expected to train the student in self-study, collection of relevant matter from

the books and internet resources, editing, document writing, typing and presentation.

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4.10 In-semester examination

Every student shall undergo at least two in-semester examinations as class test as an

internal component for every theory course.

4.11 To ensure transparency of the evaluation process, the ISA mark awarded to the students

in each course in a semester shall be published on the notice board according to the

schedule in the academic calendar published by the College. There shall not be any

chance for improvement for ISA. The course teacher and the faculty mentor shall

maintain the academic record of each student registered for the course which shall be

forwarded to the office of the Controller of Examinations through the Head of the

Department and a copy should be kept in the office of the Head of the Department for at

least two years for verification.

4.12 In-semester assessment of practical courses

The internal assessment of practical courses shall be conducted annually. There shall be

one in-semester examination for practical courses which shall be conducted annually.

4.13 End-semester assessment

The end-semester examination in theory and practical courses shall be conducted by the

College.

4.14 The end-semester examinations for theory courses shall be conducted at the end of each

semester. There shall be one end-semester examination of three (3) hours duration in

each lecture based course.

4.15 The question paper should be strictly on the basis of model question paper set by Board

of Studies.

4.16 The question paper consists of short answer type/annotation, short essay type

questions/problems and long essay type questions.

Division Type

No. of

Questions to be

Answered

Mark for

Each

Question

Total

Marks

Part A Short answer -not exceeding one page

(Two questions from each unit) 5 out of 8 3 15

Part B Problems/small derivations

(At least one question from each unit) 4 out of 6 5 20

Part C

Essay

(One question from each unit. The

question should have two options,

both from the same unit.)

4 out of 4 10 40

Grand Total 13 out of 18 - 75

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4.17 Photocopies of the answer scripts of the external examination shall be made available to

the students for scrutiny as per the regulations in the examination manual.

4.18 Practical examination shall be conducted annually. Practical examination shall be

conducted by one external examiner and one internal examiner. The question paper

setting and evaluation of answer scripts shall be done as per the directions in the

examination manual of the College.

4.19 Project evaluation shall be conducted at the end of the programme. Project evaluation

shall be conducted by one external examiner and one internal examiner.

Components of Project Evaluation Marks

Internal Evaluation 25

Dissertation (External) 50

Viva-Voce (External) 25

Total 100

4.20 Comprehensive viva-voce shall be conducted at the end of the programme. Viva-voce

shall be conducted by one external examiner and one internal examiner. The viva-voce

shall cover questions from all courses in the programme. There shall be no internal

assessment for comprehensive viva-voce. The maximum marks for viva-voce is one

hundred (100).

4.21 For all courses (theory and practical) an indirect grading system based on a ten (10)

point scale based on the percentage of marks (ISA + ESA) is used to evaluate the

performance of the student in that course. The percentage shall be rounded

mathematically to the nearest whole number.

Percentage of

Marks Grade Performance Grade Point

90 and above A+ Outstanding 10

80 - 89 A Excellent 9

70 - 79 B Very Good 8

60 - 69 C Good 7

50 - 59 D Satisfactory 6

40 - 49 E Adequate 5

Below 40 F Failure -

4.22 Credit Point

Credit Point (CP) of a course is calculated using the formula

CP = C × GP

vii

where C = Credit; GP = Grade Point

4.23 Semester Credit Point Average

Semester Credit Point Average (SCPA) is calculated using the formula

SCPA = TCP/TC

where TCP = Total Credit Point of all the courses in the semester; TC = Total Credits in

the semester

SCPA shall be rounded off to two decimal places.

4.24 Cumulative Credit Point Average

Cumulative Credit Point Average (CCPA) is calculated using the formula

CCPA = TCP/TC

where TCP = Total Credit Point of all the courses in the whole programme; TC = Total

Credit in the whole programme

CCPA shall be rounded off to two decimal places.

Grades for the different semesters; Semester Credit Point Average (SCPA) and overall

programme Cumulative Credit Point Average (CCPA); are given based on the

corresponding Credit Point Average (CPA) as shown below:

CPA Grade Performance

9.00 and above A+ Outstanding

8.00 - 8.99 A Excellent

7.00 - 7.99 B Very Good

6.00 - 6.99 C Good

5.00 - 5.99 D Satisfactory

4.00 - 4.99 E Adequate

Below 4.00 F Failure

4.25 A separate minimum of 30% marks each in ISA and ESA (for theory and practical) and

aggregate minimum of 40% are required for a pass for a course. For a pass in a

programme, a separate minimum of Grade E is required for all the individual courses.

5. SUPPLEMENTARY/IMPROVEMENT EXAMINATION

There will be supplementary examinations and chance for improvement. Only one

chance will be given for improving the marks of a course.

6. ATTENDANCE

6.1 The minimum requirement of aggregate attendance during a semester for appearing the

end semester examination shall be 75%. Condonation of shortage of attendance to a

viii

maximum of ten (10) days in a semester subject to a maximum of two times during the

whole period of Postgraduate programme may be granted by the College.

6.2 If a student represents the College, University, State or Nation in Sports, NCC, NSS or

Cultural or any other officially sponsored activities such as College union / University

union activities, he/she shall be eligible to claim the attendance for the actual number of

days participated subject to a maximum of ten (10) days in a semester based on the

specific recommendations of the Faculty Mentor and Head of the Department.

6.3 A student who does not satisfy the requirements of attendance shall not be permitted to

appear for the end-semester examinations.

6.4 Those students who are not eligible even with condonation of shortage of attendance

shall repeat the course along with the next batch.

7. BOARD OF STUDIES AND COURSES

7.1 The Board of Studies in Physics shall design all the courses offered in the postgraduate

programme. The Board shall design and introduce new courses, modify or re-design

existing courses and replace any existing courses with new/modified courses to

facilitate better exposure and training for the students.

7.2 The syllabus of a course shall include the title of the course, contact hours, the number

of credits and reference materials.

7.3 Each course shall have an alpha numeric code which includes abbreviation of the

programme in two letters, semester number, code for the course and serial number of

the course.

7.4 Every Programme conducted under Credit Semester System shall be monitored by the

Academic Council.

8. REGISTRATION

8.1 A student shall be permitted to register for the programme at the time of admission.

8.2 A student may be permitted to complete the programme, on valid reasons, within a

period of eight (8) continuous semesters from the date of commencement of the first

semester of the programme.

8.3 Those students who possess the required minimum attendance and progress during an

academic year/semester and could not register for the annual/semester examination in

time are permitted to apply for Notional Registration to the examinations concerned

enabling them to get promoted to the next semester.

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9. ADMISSION

9.1 The admission to the postgraduate programme in Physics (New and Renewable Energy)

shall be as per the rules and regulations of the College/University.

9.2 The eligibility criteria for admission shall be as announced by the College/University

from time to time.

9.3 Separate rank lists shall be drawn up for seats under reservation quota as per the

existing rules.

9.4 There shall be a uniform academic and examination calendar prepared by the College

for the conduct of the programmes.

10. ADMISSION REQUIREMENTS

10.1 Candidates for admission to the first semester of the postgraduate programme in

Physics (New and Renewable Energy) through SB-CSS-PG shall be required to have

passed an appropriate degree examination of Mahatma Gandhi University or any

University or authority, duly recognized by the Academic council of Mahatma Gandhi

University as equivalent thereto.

10.2 Students admitted under this programme are governed by the Regulations in force.

11. PROMOTION

A student who registers for the end semester examination shall be promoted to the next

semester

12. MARK CUM GRADE CARD

12.1 The College under its seal shall issue to the students, a Mark cum Grade card on

completion of each semester, which shall contain the following information.

i) Name of the Student

ii) Register Number

iii) Photo of the Student

iv) Degree

v) Programme

vi) Semester and Name of the Examination

vii) Month and Year of Examination

viii) Faculty

ix) Course Code, Title and Credits of each course opted in the semester

x) Marks for ISA, ESA, Total Marks (ISA + ESA), Maximum Marks, Letter

Grade, Grade Point (GP), Credit Point (CP) and Institution Average in each

course opted in the semester

xi) Total Credits, Marks Awarded, Credit Point, SCPA and Letter Grade in the

semester

xii) Weighted Average Score

x

xiii) Result

12.2 The final Mark cum Grade Card issued at the end of the final semester shall contain the

details of all courses taken during the entire programme including those taken over and

above the prescribed minimum credits for obtaining the degree. The final Mark cum

Grade Card shall show the CCPA and the overall letter grade of a student for the entire

programme.

13. AWARD OF DEGREE

The successful completion of all the courses with ‘E’ grade shall be the minimum

requirement for the award of the degree.

14. MONITORING COMMITTEE

There shall be a Monitoring Committee constituted by the Principal to monitor the

internal evaluation conducted by the College. The Course Teacher, Faculty Mentor, and

the College Coordinator should keep all the records of the continuous evaluation, for at

least a period of two years, for verification.

15. GRIEVANCE REDRESSAL COMMITTEE

15.1 In order to address the grievance of students relating to ISA, a two-level Grievance

Redressal mechanism is envisaged.

15.2 A student can approach the upper level only if grievance is not addressed at the lower

level.

15.3 Department level: The Principal shall form a Grievance Redressal Committee in each

Department comprising of course teacher and one senior teacher as members and the

Head of the Department as Chairman. The Committee shall address all grievances

relating to the internal assessment grades of the students.

15.4 College level: There shall be a College level Grievance Redressal Committee

comprising of Faculty Mentor, two senior teachers and two staff council members (one

shall be an elected member) and the Principal as Chairman. The Committee shall

address all grievances relating to the internal assessment grades of the students.

16. TRANSITORY PROVISION

Notwithstanding anything contained in these regulations, the Principal shall, for a

period of three years from the date of coming into force of these regulations, have the

power to provide by order that these regulations shall be applied to any programme with

such modifications as may be necessary.

xi

Model Mark cum Grade Card

Date:

MARK CUM GRADE CARD

Name of the Candidate :

Register Number :

Degree : Master of Science

Programme : Physics (New and Renewable Energy)

Name of the Examination : First Semester SB-CSS-PG Examination, Month YYYY

Faculty : Science

Course

Code Course Title

Cred

its

(C)

Marks

Gra

de A

wa

rd

ed

(G

)

Gra

de P

oin

t (G

P)

Cred

it P

oin

t (C

P)

Inst

itu

tio

n A

vera

ge

Result

ISA ESA Total

Aw

ard

ed

Ma

xim

um

Aw

ard

ed

Ma

xim

um

Aw

ard

ed

Ma

xim

um

Total

Weighted Average Score

Semester Result

SCPA

***End of Statement***

Entered by:

Verified by:

Controller of Examinations Principal

Photo

xii

Date:

MARK CUM GRADE CARD

Name of the Candidate :

Register Number :

Degree : Master of Science

Programme : Physics (New and Renewable Energy)

Name of the Examination : Fourth Semester SB-CSS-PG Examination, Month YYYY

Faculty : Science

Course

Code Course Title

Cred

its

(C)

Marks

Gra

de A

wa

rd

ed

(G)

Gra

de P

oin

t (G

P)

Cred

it P

oin

t (C

P)

Inst

itu

tio

n A

vera

ge

Result

ISA ESA Total

Aw

ard

ed

Ma

xim

um

Aw

ard

ed

Ma

xim

um

Aw

ard

ed

Ma

xim

um

Core Courses

Elective Courses Project

Viva-Voce Total

Weighted Average Score

Semester Result

SCPA

Semester I (Month, Year)

Semester II (Month, Year)

Semester III (Month, Year)

Semester IV (Month, Year)

Grand Total

CCPA

Final Result

***End of Statement***

Entered by:

Verified by:

Controller of Examinations Principal

Photo

xiii

Reverse side of the Mark cum Grade Card (COMMON FOR ALL SEMESTERS)

Description of the Evaluation Process - Grade and Grade Point

The evaluation of each course comprises of internal and external components in the ratio 1:3

for all Courses. Grades and Grade Points are given on a ten (10) point scale based on the

percentage of Total Marks (ISA + ESA) as given in Table 1.

(Decimals are to be rounded mathematically to the nearest whole number)

Percentage of

Marks Grade Performance Grade Point

90 and above A+ Outstanding 10

80 - 89 A Excellent 9

70 - 79 B Very Good 8

60 - 69 C Good 7

50 - 59 D Satisfactory 6

40 - 49 E Adequate 5

Below 40 F Failure -

Table 1

Semester Credit Point Average (SCPA) and Cumulative Credit Point Average (CCPA)

Grades for the different Semesters and overall Programme are given based on the

corresponding Credit Point Average (CPA), as shown in Table 2.

CPA Grade Performance

9.00 and above A+ Outstanding

8.00 - 8.99 A Excellent

7.00 - 7.99 B Very Good

6.00 - 6.99 C Good

5.00 - 5.99 D Satisfactory

4.00 - 4.99 E Adequate

Below 4.00 F Failure

Table 2

Credit Point (CP) of a course is calculated using the formula

CP = C × GP

where C = Credit; GP = Grade Point

Credit Point Average (CPA) of a Semester/Programme is calculated using the formula

CPA = TCP/TC

where TCP = Total Credit Point; TC = Total Credit

CPA shall be rounded off to two decimal places.

A separate minimum of 30% marks is required for a pass for both internal assessment and

external assessment in each course.

An aggregate minimum of 40% marks is required for a pass in each course.

1

PROGRAMME STRUCTURE

Course Code Name of the Course Hours

/Week

Total

Hours Credits ISA ESA Total

Sem

est

er

I

AMPN101 Mathematical Physics - I 4 72 4 25 75 100

AMPN102 Classical Mechanics and

Relativity 4 72 4 25 75 100

AMPN103 Electro Dynamics and Non-

Linear Optics 4 72 4 25 75 100

AMPN104 Advanced Electronics 4 72 4 25 75 100

General Physics Practicals (P) 9 162 Evaluation is Semester II

Total 25 450 16 100 300 400

Sem

est

er

II

AMPN205 Mathematical Physics - II 4 72 4 25 75 100

AMPN206 Elementary Quantum

Mechanics 4 72 4 25 75 100

AMPN207 Thermodynamics and Statistical

Mechanics 4 72 4 25 75 100

AMPN208 Condensed Matter Physics 4 72 4 25 75 100

AMPN2P01 General Physics Practicals (P) - - 3 25 75 100

AMPN2P02 Electronics Practicals (P) 9 162 3 25 75 100

Total 25 450 22 150 450 600

Sem

est

er

III

AMPN309 Advanced Quantum Mechanics 4 72 4 25 75 100

AMPN310 Numerical Methods in Physics 4 72 4 25 75 100

AMPN311 Renewable Energy Sources 4 72 4 25 75 100

AMPN312 Microprocessors and

Microcontrollers 4 72 4 25 75 100

AMPN3P03 Computational Physics

Practicals (P) 9 162 Evaluation is Semester IV

Total 25 450 16 100 300 400

Sem

est

er

IV

AMPN413 Atomic and Molecular

Spectroscopy 4 72 4 25 75 100

AMPN414 Advanced Nuclear Physics 4 72 4 25 75 100

AMPN415 Solar Thermal Collection and

Storage 4 72 4 25 75 100

Elective Course 4 72 4 25 75 100

AMPN4P03 Computational Physics

Practicals (P) - - 3 25 75 100

AMPN4P04 Renewable Energy Practicals

(P) 9 162 3 25 75 100

AMPN4PJ Project - - 2 25 75 100

AMPN4VV Viva-Voce - - 2 - 100 100

Total 25 450 26 175 625 800

Grand Total 80 2200

2

ELECTIVE COURSES

No. Course Code Name of the Course

1 AMPN4E01 Solar Photovoltaics

2 AMPN4E02 Astrophysics and Cosmology

3 AMPN4E03 Non-linear Dynamics and an Introduction to Chaos

3

SEMESTER I

AMPN101: MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS – I

Total Hours: 72 Credits: 4

Unit I

Vector Analysis (15 Hours)

Rotation of the coordinate axes – Gradient, Divergence and Curl in integral form – Vector

integration – Gauss’ and Stokes and Green theorems – Potential theory – Gauss’ law –

Poisson’s equation – Helmholtz theorem – Orthogonal coordinates – Differential vector

operators in Cartesian, cylindrical and spherical polar coordinates.

Error Analysis (3 Hours)

Propagation of errors, Plotting of graphs, Least square fitting, Goodness of fit, Chi square

test.

Unit II

Matrices (18 Hours)

Triangular, diagonal and band matrices – orthogonal matrices, Hermitian and Unitary

matrices, normal matrices – Pauli spin matrices – similarity transformation - unitary and

orthogonal transformation – eigen value problem – diagonalization of matrices using

normalised eigen vectors – normal modes of vibration – solution of a set of linear equations

– matrix inversion method, Gauss elimination method, Gauss-Jordan method – iteration

methods for solution of set of linear equations, Gausss-Seidel method and Jacobi method.

Unit III

Tensors (18 Hours)

Definition of Tensors –Associated Tensors, Metric Tensor, Contraction, Direct Product,

Quotient Rule– Covariant Differentiation – Christoffel Symbols – Levi Cevita Symbol –

Pseudo Tensors, Dual Tensors, Geodesic.

Unit IV

Differential Equations and Special Functions (18 Hours)

Beta, Gamma and Dirac Delta functions – series solution of linear second order differential

equations – Bessel function of the first kind (Generating function, Recurrence relations,

Orthogonality), Neumann function, spherical Bessel function, Legendre polynomials,

4

Hermite polynomials, Laguerre polynomials (Generating function, Recurrence relations,

Orthogonality) – Rodrigues’ formula

Reference

1. Mathematical Methods for Physicists, G.B. Arfken & H.J. Weber 4th Edition, Academic

Press

2. Mathematical Physics, B.D. Gupta, Vikas Pub. House, New Delhi

3. Mathematical Physics, B.S. Rajput, Y Prakash 9th Ed, Pragati Prakashan

4. Mathematical methods in Classical and Quantum Physics, T. Dass & S. K. Sharma,

Universities Press (2009)

5. Mathematical Physics, H.K Dass & R. Verma, S. Chand & Co.

6. Mathematical Physics, Sathyaprakash, Sultan Chand & Sons, New Delhi.

7. Tensor Calculus: Theory and problems, A. N. Srivastava, Universities Press

8. Advanced Engineering Mathematics, E. Kreyszig, 7th Ed., John Wiley

9. Introduction to Mathematical Methods in Physics, G. Fletcher, Tata McGraw Hill

10. Advanced Engineering Mathematics, C.R. Wylie, & L C Barrett, Tata McGraw Hill

11. Advanced Mathematics for Engineering and Physics, L.A. Pipes & L.R. Harvill, Tata

McGraw Hill

12. Mathematical Methods in Physics, J. Mathew & R.L. Walker, India Book House.

5

AMPN102: CLASSICAL MECHANICS AND RELATIVITY

Total Hours: 72 Credits: 4

Unit – I

Lagrangian Methods (18 Hours)

Mechanics of a system of particles – Conservation laws of linear and angular momenta for

systems not subjected to external forces and torques – Constraints – Principle of virtual work

– Lagrangian equations of motion and a few applications – Motion in a central field –

Kepler’s problem.

Unit – II

Hamiltonian Methods (18 Hours)

Variational method – Hamilton’s equations of motion – Canonical transformations –

Generating functions – Infinitesimal contact transformations – Lagrange and Poisson brackets

– Hamilton-Jacobi theory -Harmonic oscillator problem as an example Hamilton-Jacobi

theory- Action angle variables in a system of one degree of freedom, nonlinear harmonic

oscillator problem.

Unit – III

Rigid Body Dynamics and Theory of Oscillations (18 Hours)

Rigid body rotation – Rotating frame – Eulerian angles transformation between rotating and

stationery frames – Coriolis and centrifugal forces – Moment of inertia tensor – Euler’s

equations – Symmetric top precession.

Theory of small oscillations – Normal co-ordinates and vibrations of a discrete system –

Forced oscillations.

Unit – IV

Relativity (18 Hours)

Matrix representation of Lorentz transformation – Minkowski space – Four vectors –

Addition of velocities – Four velocity – Relativistic momentum and energy – Mathematical

properties of space-time. Newtonian gravity and special relativity. Acceleration in special

relativity. Dynamics of relativistic particles – Lagrangian and Hamiltonian of relativistic

charged particle, motion in a uniform static electric and magnetic fields.

Introduction to general theory of relativity - Principle of equivalence - principle of general

covariance- motion of mass point in a gravitational field- the Newtonian approximation- time

dilation- rates of clocks in a gravitational field - shift in the spectral lines - energy momentum

tensor,- Einstein fields equations.

6

Reference

1. Classical Mechanics – H Goldstein, Poole & Safko, Pearson. 3rd Ed. Narosa Pub. Co.

2. Classical Mechanics – J .C. Upadhyaya, Himalaya, 2010.

3. Introduction to Classical Mechanics – R.G. Takwale and P.S. Puranik, Tata Mc Graw

Hill.

4. Classical Mechanics – N. C. Rana & P.S. Joag, Tata Mc Graw Hill.

5. Lagrangian and Hamiltonian Mechanics – M.G. Calkin, Allied Pub. Ltd.

6. Chaos and Integrebility in Nonlinear Dynamics – M. Tabor, John Wiley & Sons.

7. Theory of Relativity – R. K. Patharia, Dover Pub. Inc. NY, 2003.

8. An Introduction to General Theory of Relativity – S.K. Bose, Wiley Eastern.

7

AMPN103: ELECTRODYNAMICS AND NON-LINEAR OPTICS

Total Hours: 72 Credits: 4

Unit I

Electrostatic fields in matter and Electrodynamics (10 Hours)

Review of Electrostatics and Magnetostatics, Time varying fields and Maxwell’s equations,

Potential formulations, Gauge transformations, boundary conditions, wave equations and

their solutions, Poynting theorem, Maxwell’s stress tensor.

Electromagnetic waves (8 Hours)

Maxwell’s equations in phasor notation. Plane waves in conducting and non-conducting

medium, Polarization, Reflection and transmission (Normal and Oblique incidence-both

conducting and non-conducting), Dispersion in Dielectrics, Superposition of waves, Group

velocity.

Unit II

Relativistic Electrodynamics (18 Hours)

Magnetism as a relativistic phenomenon, Transformation of the field, Electromagnetic field

tensor, Electrodynamics in tensor notation, Potential formulation of relativistic

electrodynamics,

Unit III

Electromagnetic Radiation (18 Hours)

Retarded potentials, Electric dipole radiation, Magnetic dipole radiation, Jefimenkos

equations, Point charges, Lienard-Wiechert potential, Fields of a moving point charge, Power

radiated by point charge in Motion . Radiation reaction and its physical basis The Abraham-

Lorentz formula

Unit IV

Non Linear Optics (18 Hours)

Introduction – Second Harmonic generation – phase matching condition –third harmonic

generation – optical mixing – parametric generation of light –self focusing of light-

multiquantum photoelectric effect- two photon process three photon process- parametric light

oscillator – frequency up conversion – Phase conjugate optics – sum frequency generation –

difference in frequency generation – saturable absorption.

8

Reference

1. Introduction to Electrodynamics-D.J. Griffiths, PHI

2. Antenna and wave guide propagation - K. D Prasad – Satya Prakashan.

3. Electromagnetic waves and radiating systems, E.C. Jordan & K.G. Balmain PHI, 1968

4. Electronic Communication Systems (5th edition) – George Kendy et.al – Tata Mc Graw

Hill

5. Antennas, J.D Kraus, Tata Mc-Graw Hill.

6. Classical Electrodynamics, J. D. Jackson, Wiley Eastern Ltd.

7. Electromagnetic fields, S. Sivanagaraju, C. Srinivasa Rao, New Age International.

8. Introduction to Classical electrodynamics, Y. K. Lim, World Scientific, 1986.

9. Electromagnetic Waves and Fields, V.V. Sarwate, Wiley Eastern Ltd, New Age

International

10. The Feymann Lectures in Physics, Vol. 2, R.P. Feymann, R.B. Leighton & M. Sands.

11. Electronic Communication Systems, G. Kennedy & B. Davis, TMH.

12. Non Linear Optics, Robert W. Boyd, Academic Press.

9

AMPN104: ADVANCED ELECTRONICS

Total Hours: 72 Credits: 4

Unit I

Electronic Instrumentation (7 hours)

Electronic measurements and instruments-comparison between analog and digital

instruments-performance and dynamic characteristics-ideas of errors and measurement

standards-voltmeters-ammeters-ohmeters-multimeters-balance bridge voltmeters-components

of a CRO-dual beam and dual trace CRO-digital storage CRO classification

Operational Amplifiers & General Linear Applications (11 Hours)

Review of differential amplifiers - review of operational amplifiers - differential amplifier

with one and two op amps - Frequency response of an op amp - compensating networks

DC and AC amplifiers – AC amplifier with single supply voltage – Peaking amplifier –

Summing , Scaling, averaging amplifiers – Instrumentation amplifier using transducer bridge

– Differential input and differential output amplifier – Low voltage DC and AC voltmeter -

Voltage to current converter with grounded load – Current to voltage converter – Very high

input impedance circuit – integrator and differentiator.

Unit II

Active Filters and Oscillators (11 Hours)

Active filters – First order and second order low pass Butterworth filter - – First order and

second order high pass Butterworth filter- wide and narrow band pass filter - wide and

narrow band reject filter - All pass filter – Oscillators: Phase shift and Wien bridge oscillators

– square, triangular and saw tooth wave generators- Voltage controlled oscillator.

Comparators and Converters (7 Hours)

Basic comparator - Zero crossing detector - Schmitt Trigger – Comparator characteristics -

Limitations of op-amp as comparators - Voltage to frequency and frequency to voltage

converters - D/A and A/D converters- Peak detector – Sample and Hold circuit.

Unit III

Power semiconductor Devices (18 Hours)

Power Electronics - power semiconductor devices - power diodes, SCR, Power MOSFET,

Types of Power Electronic Circuits.

Thyristor commutation techniques - Natural commutation, forced commutation, self

commutation, impulse commutation, external pulse commutation, load side commutation,

10

line side commutation. Controlled Rectifiers - Principle of phase - controlled connector

operation - Single phase semi converter - single phase full converters - single phase dual

converters - single phase series converters Static Switches - Single phase AC switches - three

phase AC switches - three phase reversing switches - DC switches

Unit IV

Inverters (18 Hours)

Principle of operation - performance parameters - single phase bridge inverters - three phase

inverters - voltage control of single phase inverters - voltage control of three phase inverters -

harmonic reductions - series resonant inverters - forced -commuted thyristor inverters -

current - source inverters -variable DC link inverter.

Reference

1. Op amps and linear Integrated Circuits, R.A. Gayakwad, PHI

2. Integrated Electronics, Millman J & Halkias CC, MGH

3. M H Rashid - Power Electronics - Circuits - Devices and Applications (PHI-1988)

4. Power Electronics R.S Anandha Murthy, V Nattarasu, 2nd Edn. Pearson

5. Power Electronics - Circuits - Devices and Applications, M.H. Rashid, PHI, 1988

11

SEMESTER II

AMPN205: MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS – II

Total Hours: 72 Credits: 4

Unit I

Functions of a Complex Variable (18 Hours)

Algebra of complex functions – Cauchy-Riemann conditions for analyticity – Cauchy’s

integral theorem – Cauchy’s integral formula – Taylor and Laurent expansion – poles and

residues – residue theorem – evaluation of definite integrals.

Unit II

Integral Transforms (18 Hours)

Laplace transforms – solution of differential equations using Laplace transforms (LCR

circuit, Electromagnetic waves in dispersive medium, damped driven oscillator and Earth’s

nutation), Fourier transform, Fourier transform of full wave rectifier, Square wave and finite

wave train, Momentum representation for Hydrogen atom (ground state) and Harmonic

oscillator.

Unit III

Group Theory (18 Hours)

Groups – group of transformations – multiplication table – conjugate elements and classes,

subgroups – direct product groups – isomorphism and homomorphism – permutation groups

– reducible and irreducible representation – Unitary representations – Schur’s lemmas –

orthogonality theorem and interpretations – character of a representation – character tables

and examples C2V, C3V, C4V – continuous groups – full rotation groups – rotation of

functions and angular momentum – Lie groups and lie algebra – SU(2)-SO(3)

homomorphism – irreducible representation of SU(2) group – SU(3) group.

Unit IV

Second Order Differential Equations & Green’s Function (18 Hours)

Partial differential equations of Physics – boundary conditions – Hermitian operators and

their properties – Schmidt orthogonalization –heat equation – Laplace’s and Poisson’s

equations – nonlinear partial differential equations – separation of variables (Cartesian,

Spherical polar and Cylindrical coordinates) non homogeneous equations – Green’s function

– eigen function expansion– 1-dimensional Green's function – Green's function integral,

12

differential equations – eigen function – eigenvalue equation of Green's function and Dirac

delta function.

Reference

1. Mathematical Methods for Physicists, G.B. Arfken & H.J. Weber 4th Edition, Academic

Press.

2. Mathematical Physics, B.D. Gupta, Vikas Pub. House, New Delhi

3. Mathematical Physics, B.S. Rajput, Y Prakash 9th Ed, Pragati Prakashan

4. Mathematical Methods in Classical and Quantum Physics, T. Dass & S.K. Sharma,

Universities Press (2009)

5. Mathematical Physics, H.K Dass & R. Verma, S. Chand & Co.

6. Elements of Group Theory for Physicists, A.W. Joshy, New Age India.

7. Mathematical Physics, Sathyaprakash, Sultan Chand & Sons, New Delhi.

8. Group theory- Schaum’s series, Benjamin Baumslag & Bruce Chandler, MGH.

13

AMPN206: ELEMENTARY QUANTUM MECHANICS

Total Hours: 72 Credits: 4

Unit I

The Formulation of Quantum Mechanics: (18 Hours)

Vector spaces, the Hilbert space, dimensions and basis, Dirac notations, operators and

properties- Hermitian adjoint, projection operators, commutator algebra, uncertainty relation

between two operators, functions of operators, unitary operators, Eigenvalues and

Eigenvectors of an operator, Infinitesimal and finite unitary transformations, representation in

discrete bases, matrix representation of kets, bras, and operators, change of bases and unitary

transformations, matrix representation of the Eigenvalue problem, representation in

continuous bases, position representation, momentum representation, connecting the position

and momentum representations, probability density, superposition principle, observables and

operators, the uncertainty principle, expectation values, complete sets of commuting

operators, measurement and the uncertainty relations.

Unit II (18 Hours)

Quantum Dynamics:

The equations of motion- Schrodinger, Heisenberg and the Interaction pictures of time

development, Ehrenfest theorem, The linear harmonic oscillator in the Heisenberg picture,

Hydrogen atom.

Space-time symmetries, Space translation and conservation of linear momentum, Time

translation and conservation of energy, Space rotation and conservation of angular

momentum, Space inversion and time reversal.

Construction of symmetric and anti symmetric wave functions, Slater determinant, Pauli

exclusion principle, Bosons and Fermions, Spin wave functions for two electrons, Helium

atom

Unit III

Theory of Angular Momentum: (18 Hours)

Angular momentum operators, Fundamental commutation relations, Eigen values and eigen

vectors of J2 and Jz. Matrix representation of angular momentum operators, Pauli spin

matrices, Orbital angular momentum, Spherical harmonics, Addition of angular momenta ,

Clebsh-Gordon coefficients, Simple examples j1=1,j2 =1/2 .

14

Unit IV

The Theory of Scattering (18 Hours)

Scattering cross section and Scattering amplitude, Low energy scattering by a central

potential, Partial wave analysis, phase shift and potential, scattering length, optical theorem,

Scattering by a square well potential, The Ramsuoer Townsend effect, Scattering by hard

sphere, resonance scattering, high energy scattering, The integral equation, Born

approximation. Validity condition of Born approximation.

Reference

1. Quantum Mechanics, Concepts and Applications, N. Zettily, John Wiley & Sons.

2. Quantum Mechanics, V. K. Thankappan, New Age International.

3. Modern Quantum Mechanics, J.J. Sakurai, Pearson Education.

4. Quantum Mechanics, G Aruldhas, PHI

5. A Modern Approach to Quantum Mechanics, John S. Townsend, Viva Books MGH

6. Basic Quantum Mechanics, A. Ghatak, Macmillan India.

7. Quantum Mechanics, Theory and Applications, Ajoy Ghatak and S Lokhnathan 5th

edition, Macmillian India.

8. Quantum Mechanics B H Bransden and C J Joachain, Pearson Education

9. Principle of Quantum Mechanoics, R Shankar, Springer

10. Quantum Mechanics, an Introduction, W Greiner, Springer Verlag

11. Quantum Mechanics, E. Merzbacher, John Wiley

12. Introduction to Quantum Mechanics, D.J. Griffiths, Pearson.

13. Quantum Mechanics, L.I. Schiff, Tata McGraw Hill.

14. Quantum Physic Stephen Gasiorowics, John Wiley & Sons.

15. Quantum Mechanics V. Devanathan , Narosa

16. A Text Book of Quantum Mechanics, P.M. Mathews & K. Venkatesan, TMGH.

17. Fundamentals of Quantum Mechanics Y.R. Waghmare, S Chand & Co.

For further reference:

Quantum Physics Video Prof. V. Balakrishnan IIT Madras

http://nptel.iitm.ac.in/video.php?subjectId=122106034

Quantum Mechanics and Applications Video Prof. Ajoy Ghatak IIT Delhi

http://nptel.iitm.ac.in/courses/115102023

15

AMPN207: THERMODYNAMICS AND STATISTICAL MECHANICS

Total Hours: 72 Credits: 4

Unit I

Foundations of Statistical Physics (18 Hours)

Ideas of probability-classical probability-statistical probability-axioms of probability theory-

independent events-concepts of arrangements, permutations and combinations-statistics and

distributions-Binomial, Poisson, Gaussian distributions. Internal energy-enthalpy-definition

of entropy-measurement of entropy- Laws of thermodynamics and their consequences-

thermodynamic potentials-Maxwells relations-chemical potential-phase equilibria.

Unit II

Different Types of Ensembles and Partition Functions (18 Hours)

Microstate and Macrostate of macroscopic system, Phase space and Phase space density,

Liouville theorem, Erogodic hypothesis, Postulate of Equal a priori probabilities,

Microcanonical Ensemble- partition function. Free energy and its connection with

thermodynamic quantities. Canonical ensemble - canonical partition function-calculation of

thermodynamic properties from partition function- Equipartition theorem - Ideal Bose and

Fermi gases. Black body radiation and planks distribution law. Grand canonical ensemble –

grand canonical partition function.

Unit III

Maxwell's Distributions of Molecular Speeds (18 Hours)

Density of states in k space-Single particle density of states in energy-distribution of speeds

of particles in a classical gas. Free energy-Einstein's model vibrations in a solid-Debye's

model of vibrations in a solid. Systems with variable number of particles-the condition for

chemical equilibrium.

Unit IV

Phase Transitions (18 Hours)

Phase transitions - Order of transition - Order parameter - Critical phenomena and critical

exponents - Correlation function and fluctuation dissipation theorem - Landau theory of

phase transition - Ising Model - Brag Williams theory - Random walk and diffusion equation

- Brownian motion.

16

Reference

1. Introductory statistical mechanics, Oxford Science Publications - Robert Bowley.

2. Introduction to statistical mechanics, Narosa—S K Singha.

3. Statistical Mechanics—R K Pathria and Paul D Beale.

4. Statistical Mechanics—Satya Prakash and J P Agarawal.

5. Elements of non-Equilibrium statistical mechanics, Ane books Pvt. Ltd - V

Balakrishnan.

6. Fundamentals of statistical and thermal physics, Levant books - F Reif.

7. An introduction to probability, John Wiley & Sons - William feller.

8. Statistical Mechanics, John Wiley & Sons - K. Huang

17

AMPN208: CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS

Total Hours: 72 Credits: 4

Unit I

Lattice Dynamics &Superconductivity (18 Hours)

Vibrations of crystals with monatomic basis – diatomic lattice – quantization of elastic waves

– phonon momentum. Anharmonicity and thermal expansion - specific heat of a solid –

Einstein model - density of states - Debye model – thermal conductivity of solids - thermal

conductivity due to electrons and phonons - thermal resistance of solids.

Superconductivity: Thermodynamics and Electrodynamics of superconductors- London

Equations-BCS theory- flux quantization-single particle tunneling- Josephson superconductor

tunnelling-macroscopic quantum interference-BCS Theory of Superconductivity

Unit II

Band Theory of Metals & Semiconductors (18 Hours)

Bloch theorem - Kronig-Penney model - Brillouin zone construction of Brillouin zone in one

and two dimensions – extended, reduced and periodic zone scheme of Brillouin zone

(qualitative idea only) - effective mass of electron - nearly free electron model – conductors -

semiconductors - insulators.

Band theory of semiconductors: Generation and recombination - minority carrier life-time -

mobility of current carriers - drift and diffusion - general study of excess carrier movement-

diffusion length. Free carrier concentration in semiconductors - Fermi level and carrier

concentration in semiconductors - mobility of charge carriers - effect of temperature on

mobility - electrical conductivity of semiconductors - Hall effect in semiconductors - junction

properties- metal-metal, metal semiconductor and semiconductor-semiconductor junctions.

Unit III

Elements of Crystal Structure & Free electron Theory (18 Hours)

X-ray diffraction- Braggs equation, Laue's equation and their equivalence, Ewald

construction, reciprocal lattice, reciprocal lattice to SC, BCC, and FCC- properties of

reciprocal lattice, X-ray diffraction methods (powder diffraction, and rotation /oscillation

method)

Free Electron Theory of Metals: Electrons moving in a three dimensional potential well -

density of states - Fermi-Dirac statistics - effect of temperature on Fermi- Dirac distribution -

electronic specific heat - electrical conductivity of metals - relaxation time and mean free

18

path - electrical conductivity and Ohm’s law - Widemann-Franz-Lorentz law - electrical

resistivity of metals- Hall effect.

Unit IV

Magnetic-Dielectric Properties of solids (18 Hours)

Review of basic terms and relations, Quantum theory of paramagnetism -ferromagnetism -

spontaneous magnetization in ferromagnetic materials - Quantum theory of ferromagnetism –

Weiss molecular field - Curie- Weiss law- spontaneous magnetism - internal field and

exchange interaction – magnetization curve -saturation magnetization - domain model.

Dielectric Properties of Solids: Review of basic terms and relations, ferroelectricity,

hysteresis, dipole theory- Curie-Weiss law, classification of ferroelectric materials and

piezoelectricity.

Reference

1. Solid State Physics: Structure and properties of materials, M.A. Wahab, Narosa 2nd Edn.

2. Solid State Physics, S.O. Pillai, New Age International 6th Edn.

3. Introduction to Solid State Physics, C. Kittel, 3rd Edn. Wiley India.

4. Solid State Physics, N.W. Ashcroft & N.D. Mermin, Cengage

5. Elementary Solid State Physics, M. Ali Omar, Pearson

6. Solid State Physics, A.J. Dekker, Macmillan & Co Ltd. (1967)

7. J.S Blakemore-Solid State Physics-Cambridge University Press.

8. Azaroff V –Introduction to Solids-TMH

19

SEMESTER I AND II

PRACTICAL

AMPN2P01: GENERAL PHYSICS PRACTICALS

Total Hours: 162 Credits: 3

(Minimum of 12 Experiments with Error analysis of the experiment is to be done)

1. Y, n, σ Cornu’s method (a) Elliptical fringes and (b) Hyperbolic fringes.

2. Absorption spectrum –KMnO4 solution / Iodine vapour – telescope and scale

arrangement – Hartmann’s formula or photographic method

3. Frank and Hertz Experiment – determination of ionization potential.

4. Hall Effect (a) carrier concentration (b) Mobility & (c) Hall coefficient.

5. Resistivity of semiconductor specimen–Four Probe Method.

6. Band gap energy measurement of silicon.

7. Magnetic Susceptibility-Guoy’s method / Quincke’s method.

8. Michelson Interferometer - λ and dλ / thickness of mica.

9. Ultrasonic-Acousto-optic technique-elastic property of a liquid.

10. B - H Curve-Hysteresis.

11. Oscillating Disc-Viscosity of a liquid.

12. e/m of the electron-Thomson’s method.

13. Characteristic of a thermistor - Determination of the relevant parameters.

14. Dielectric constant of a non-polar liquid.

15. Dipole moment of an organic molecule (acetone).

16. Young’s modulus of steel using the flexural vibrations of a bar.

17. Verification of Stefan’s law and determination of Stefan’s constant of radiation

18. Temperature dependence of a ceramic capacitor and verify the Curie-Wiess law

19. Experiments using GM counter- absorption co-efficient of beta rays in materials.

20. Multichannel analyzer for alpha energy determination.

21. Zeemann effect setup – measurement of Bohr magnetron

22. Photoelectric effect – determination of Plank’s constant using excel or origin.

23. Magneto-optic effect (Faraday effect) - rotation of plane of polarization as a

function of magnetic flux density.

20

24. Linear electro-optic effect (Pockels effect) – half wave voltage and variation of

intensity with electric field.

25. Silicon diode as a temperature sensor.

26. Electrical and thermal conductivity of copper and determination of Lorentz

number.

[Few more experiments of equal standard can be added.]

21

AMPN2P02: ELECTRONICS PRACTICALS

Total Hours: 162 Credits: 3

(Minimum of 12 experiments should be done, with not less than 5 from each section)

Section –A

1. R C Coupled CE amplifier - Two stages with feedback – Frequency response and

voltage gain.

2. Differential amplifiers using transistors and constant current source -Frequency

response, CMRR.

3. Push-pull amplifier using complementary - symmetry transistors power gain and

frequency response.

4. R F amplifier - frequency response & band width - Effect of damping.

5. Voltage controlled oscillator using transistors.

6. Voltage controlled oscillator using IC 555

7. R F Oscillator - above 1 MHz frequency measurement.

9. Differential amplifier - using op-amp.

10. Active filters – low pass and high pass-first and second order frequency response and

roll off rate.

11. Band pass filter using single op-amp-frequency response and bandwidth.

12. Wein-bridge Oscillator – using op-amp with amplitude stabilization.

13. Op-amp-measurement of parameters such as open loop gain – offset voltage – open

loop response.

14. Crystal Oscillator

15. RC phase shift oscillator

16. AM generation and demodulation

17. Solving differential equation using IC 741

18. Solving simultaneous equation using IC 741

19. Current to voltage and voltage to current converter (IC 741)

20. Temperature measurement using ADC and microprocessor.

21. Op-amp-triangular wave generator with specified amplitude.

22. μp - stepper motor control.

23. μp- measurement of analog voltage.

24. μp-Digital synthesis of wave form using D/A Converter.

25. Analog to digital and digital to analog converter ADC0800 &DAC0800

22

Section –B: (Circuit Simulation)

1. Design and simulate a single stage RC coupled amplifier with feedback. Study the

frequency response

2. Design and simulate a two stage RC coupled amplifier with feedback. Study the

frequency response.

3. Design and simulate an RC phase shift oscillator using BJT and observe the

sinusoidal output waveform.

4. Design and simulate the first order and second order low pass Butterworth filter for a

cut off frequency of 1KHz. Obtain the frequency response curve and determine the

roll off rate.

5. Design and simulate a differential amplifier using transistors with constant current

source. Study its frequency response. Also determine its CMRR.

6. Design and simulate a differentiator and integrator using Op-amp. Obtain the output

waveform for an input square wave.

[Few more experiments of equal standard can be added.]

23

SEMESTER III

AMPN309: ADVANCED QUANTUM MECHANICS

Total Hours: 72 Credits: 4

Unit I

Approximation Methods for Time-Independent Problems (18 Hours)

Time-independent perturbation theory, Non-degenerate and degenerate cases, Anharmonic

oscillator, Stark and Zeeman effects in hydrogen.

The WKB approximation, connection formulae, validity of the approximation, barrier

tunneling, application to decay - Bound states, Penetration of a potential barrier.

Variational method: The variational equation, ground state and excited states, the variation

method for bound states, application to ground state of the hydrogen and Helium atoms.

Unit II

Time Dependent Perturbation Theory (18 Hours)

Time dependent perturbation theory Transition probability, constant perturbation, Transition

to continuum, Harmonic perturbation, Interaction of an atom with the electromagnetic field,

Stimulated absorption and emission-Einstein’s A and B coefficients The electric dipole

approximation, The Born approximation and scattering amplitude.

Unit III

Relativistic Quantum Mechanics (18 Hours)

The Dirac equation, Dirac matrices, Solution of the free-particle Dirac equation, , Equation of

continuity, The Dirac equation with potentials, Spin of the electron, Non-realistic limit, Spin-

orbit coupling, Covariance of the Dirac equation, Hole theory, the Weyl equation

The Klein-Gordon equation, Charge and current densities, The Wave equation for the photon,

Charge conjugation for the Dirac equation.

Unit IV

Quantization of fields (18 Hours)

The principles of canonical quantization of fields, Lagrangian field theory, Classical field

equations, Hamiltonian formalism, nonrelativistic fields-system of Fermions-system of

Bosons, quantization of Electromagnetic field-Coulomb’s gauge, relativistic fields-KG field-

Dirac field

24

Reference

1. V.K. Thankappan: "Quantum Mechanics" (Wiley Eastern)

2. N. Zittili, , “Quantum Mechanics – Concepts and applications‟ (John Wiley & Sons,

2004)

3. P.M Mathews and Venkatesan., “P.M. Mathews and K. Venkitesan, A Text Book of

Quantum Mechanics, Tata Mc Graw Hill (2010 )

4. J.D. Bjorken and D. Drell : “Ralativistic Quantum Fields” (McGraw Hill 1998)

5. L.I. Schiff : Quantum Mechanics" (McGraw Hill)

6. J.J. Sakurai : "Advanced Quantum Mechanics " (Addison Wesley)

7. Stephen Gasiorowicz : "Quantum Physics"

8. G. Aruldas, Quantum Mechanics, Second Edition, PHI learning Pvt Ltd ( 2009)

9. S. Devanarayanan, Quantum Mechanics, Sci Tech Publications ( India) Pvt Ltd (2005)

10. D.J. Griffiths, Introduction to Quantum Mechanics, Second Edition, Pearson Education

Inc ( 2005)

11. A. Ghatak and S. Lokanathan, Quantum Mechanics Theory and Applications, Kluwer

Academic Publishers ( 2004).

12. L.H. Ryder, Quantum Field Theory Second Edition, Cambridge University Press (1996)

13. Steven Weinberg, Quantum Theory of Fields( in Three Volumes), Cambridge University

Press ( 2002)

25

AMPN310: NUMERICAL METHODS IN PHYSICS

Total Hours: 72 Credits: 4

Unit I

Interpolation (18 Hours)

Interpolation and Curve fitting- Finite differences(Forward differences, Backward

differences, Central differences) - Detection of errors by use of difference tables-Differences

of a polynomial – Newton’s formulae for interpolation - Central difference interpolation

formulae (Gauss central difference formulae, Stirlings formulae) - Interpolation with

unevenly spaced points (Lagrange’s interpolation formulae) Least squares curve fitting

procedures (Fitting a straight line, Nonlinear curve fitting, Curve fitting by a sum of

exponentials)

Unit II

Integration and differentiation (18 Hours)

Numerical differentiation and integration - Numerical differentiation – Errors in Numerical

differentiation - Trapezoidal rule-Simpson’s 1/3 rule - Simpson’s 3/8 rule - Romberg

Integration- Monte Carlo evaluation of integrals - Double Integration -Newton-cotes

integration formulae.

Unit III

Ordinary and partial differential equations (18 Hours)

Numerical Solutions of partial differential equations - Finite difference approximations to

derivatives - Laplace equation-Jacobi’s method – Gauss Seidal method - Successive over

relaxation - The ADI method – Parabolic equations

Numerical solution of ordinary differential equations - Solution by Taylor’s series - Picards

method of successive approximations - Euler’s method - Runge-Kutta methods-Predictor-

Corrector methods. (8 Hours)

Unit IV

Introduction to MATLAB (18 Hours)

Matlab programming: Matrices and vectors, Scripts and functions, Linear Algebra, Curve

fitting and interpolation, data analysis, integration and differentiation, Fourier analysis

Ordinary differential equations, Graphics.

26

Reference

1. Introductory Methods of Numerical Analysis- fifth edition, S.S. Sastry,

PHI Learning private Limited

2. Numerical Methods for Scientists and Engineers-third edition, K. Sankara Rao, PHI

Learning private Limited

3. Getting started with MATLAB 7-A quick introduction for scientists and Engineers

4. Mastering MATLAB 7,Duane Hanselma, Bruce Littlefield, Pearson Education

5. Computer oriented numerical methods, V. Rajaraman, PHI Learning private Limited

6. An Introduction to Computational Physics, Tao Pang, CUP

7. Numerical Recipes in C++,W.H. Press, Saul A. Teukolsky, CUP

8. Numerical Methods, Balaguruswami, Tata McGraw Hill, 2009.

27

AMPN311: RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES

Total Hours: 72 Credits: 4

Unit I

Wind Power (18 Hours)

Energy and power in wind - wind turbines - power and energy from wind turbines -

commercial development and wind energy potential - economics -cost calculation - capital

cost. Wave Energy - wave motion - power from wave energy

Unit II

Hydroelectricity (18 Hours)

Stored potential energy - power head and flow rate - world resource - types of hydroelectric

plants - low, medium and high heads - estimation of power - economics of hydroelectric

projects. Tidal Power -Nature of resource - basic physics - power generation -economical and

environmental factors. Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) Introduction - OTEC

power generation

Unit III

Geothermal Energy (18 Hours)

Earth as a heat engine – miming of geothermal heart - physics of geothermal resources –

technologies for geothermal exploration - economics and world potential- of geothermal

energy. Biomass – biomass as a fuel – extraction of energy agricultural resides – energy from

refuse - energy from crops new technologies - gas turbine - biomass fuel cell – photo

biological fuel production - economics of biomass.

Unit IV

Fuel Cells (18 Hours)

Design and principle of operation of a Fuel Cell (H2, O2cell), Classification of Fuel Cells,

Types of Fuel Cells, Advantages and Disadvantages of Fuel Cells, Conversion efficiency of

Fuel Cells, Work output and EMF of Fuel Cells, Applications of Fuel Cells-Hydrogen

Energy, Hydrogen production (Electrolysis method, Thermo-chemical methods, Fossil fuel

methods, solar energy methods), Hydrogen storage, Hydrogen transportation, Utilization of

Hydrogen Gas, Safety and management, Hydrogen technology development.

28

Reference

1. Solar Energy Principles of Thermal Collection and Storage, S.P. Sukhatme,2nd Ed.

TMH

2. Solar Engineering of Thermal Process, J.A. Duffie & W. A Beckman, 2nd Ed. John

Wiley & sons.

3. Solar energy, H. P. Garg and J Prakashi, TMH 1997

4. Solar Energy Utilization, G D Rai, Khanna Publishers, 1997.

5. Renewable Energy Source and Conversion Technology, N.K Bansal, M. Kleemanm &

M. Melss, TMH.

6. Renewable Energy, Godfrey Boyle, Oxford Univ. Press, 1996

7. Renewable Energy 2000, G.T. Wrixon, A.M.E. Rooney & W. Palz, Springer Verlag

8. Solar Power Plants, C.J. Winter, R.L. Sizmann & L.L Vant-Hull, Springer Verlag

29

AMPN312: MICROPROCESSORS AND MICROCONTROLLERS

Total Hours: 72 Credits: 4

Unit I

8085 microprocessor and interfacing devices (20 Hours)

8085 Architecture and instruction set (Review)-Timing Diagrams (illustrate with few examples)-8085

interrupts-8085 input/output –standard I/o and memory mapped I/o-address partitioning. Interfacing

devices: Basics of programmable I/o-Architecture and programming of 8255 PPI (programmable

peripheral interface)-DMA controller (8257)-Programmable interrupt controller (8259)-USART

(8251) (qualitative only)-Interfacing memory devices-Eprom & RAM [2764/6264] (Discuss few

memory interfacing problems)

Unit II

Data Transfer Schemes & basics of interfacing (16 Hours)

Data transfer Schemes: Classification of Data transfer schemes-Programmed data transfer-

synchronous transfer –asynchronous transfer-interrupt driven data transfer-single interrupt

level-software polling-hardware polling-direct memory access. Transducers and its

classifications- light sensors (eg. Photoconductive cell, semiconductor photodiode)-

temperature sensors (Thermocouple, Thermistor) Force sensors (Strain gauges)-ADC 0808-

Internal architecture and pin diagram-sample and hold IC (LF 398) clock for A/D convertor-.

Unit III

8085 based instrumentation & 8086 Microprocessors (18 Hours)

Interfacing circuit and control software for interfacing ADC 0808 with 8085- Internal

structure of DAC 0808-interfacing circuit of DAC 0808 with 8085 microprocessor

Architecture of 8086-addressing modes-instruction set-pin layout-sample programs-

minimum mode and minimum system mode interface-internal architecture of 8088-

comparison of 8086 and 8088.

Unit IV

Microcontrollers and programming (18 Hours)

Introduction to microcontrollers-comparison of microprocessors and microcontrollers-8051

microcontroller Hardware-Input/output pins, ports and circuits-external memory-counters and

timers 8051 assembly language programming-jump loop call instructions-I/O port

programming-addressing modes-arithmetic logic instructions and programs-8051

programming in C(qualitative)-8051 interfacing with the 8255- Basic ideas of 89C51

ATMEL Microcontroller.

30

Reference

1. Microprocessors –Theory and applications(Intel and Motrola) M. Rafiquzzaman

Prentice-Hall India)

2. Introduction to microprocessors 3rd ed. Aditya P Mathur, TMH

3. Electronic Instrumentation 2nd ed. H S Khalsi TMH

4. Fundamentals of Microprocessors and microcomputers, B. Ram Dhanpat Rai

Publications-New Delhi

5. Advanced processors and peripherals –Architecture programming and interfacing A K

ray KM Bhurchandi TMH

6. The 8051 Microcontroller and embedded systems-Kenneath J Ayala-Cengage Learning-

2010

7. The 8051 Microcontroller and embedded systems using assembly and C-Muhammad Alli

Mazidi-pearson 2nd edition

8. www.atmel.com atmel free tutorials

31

SEMESTER IV

AMPN413: ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY

Total Hours: 72 Credits: 4

Unit I

Atomic Spectra (18 Hrs)

Quantum states of electrons in atoms. electron spin, spectroscopic terms and selection rules.

Spectrum of helium and alkali atoms. Hyperfine structure and isotopic shift. Width of

spectral lines. Spin orbit interaction. Derivation of spin orbit interaction energy, fine structure

in sodium atom, Landau g-factor, Zeeman effect. Paschen–Bach effect and Stark effect in one

electron system, LS and JJ coupling schemes (Vector diagram), Hund’s rule, Derivation of

interaction energy, examples of LS and JJ coupling, Lande interval rule, Hyperfine structure,

Width of spectral lines.

Unit II

Microwave and Infra Red Spectroscopy (18 Hrs)

Microwave Spectroscopy: Rotational spectra of diatomic molecules. Intensity of spectral

lines, effect of isotopic substitution. Non–rigid rotator, rotational spectra of polyatomic

molecules - linear, symmetric and asymmetric top molecules. Information derived from

rotational spectra.

IR Spectroscopy: Vibrating diatomic molecules as an harmonic oscillators, diatomic

vibrating rotator – break down of Born Oppenheimer approximation, vibrations of

polyatomic molecules, overtone and combination frequencies, influence of rotation on the

spectra of polyatomic molecules - linear and symmetric top molecules, analysis by IR

technique, IR spectrometer, Fourier Transform Spectroscopy.

Unit III

Raman and Electronic Spectroscopy (18 Hrs)

Pure rotational Raman Spectra - linear and symmetric top molecules, vibration Raman

spectra – Raman activity of vibrations, mutual exclusion principle, rotational fine structure,

structure determination from Raman and IR spectroscopy. Non-linear Raman effects - hyper

Raman effect, classical treatment, stimulated Raman effect, CARS

32

Electronic Spectroscopy: Electronic spectra of diatomic molecules, intensity of spectral lines,

Frank–condon principle, dissociation energy and dissociation products, rotational fine

structure of electronic-vibrational transition, Fortrat diagram, pre-dissociation.

Unit IV

Spin Resonance Spectroscopy. (18 Hrs)

NMR: Quantum mechanical description, classical description, the Bloch equations -

relaxation processes, Chemical shift, spin–spin coupling for hydrogen molecule, experimental

technique – CW and FTNMR spectrometer, applications.

ESR: Theory of ESR, thermal equilibrium and relaxation, experimental techniques, g- factor,

hyperfine structure, applications, – Mossbauer effect, recoilless emission and absorption,

experimental methods, hyperfine interactions – chemical isomer shift, magnetic hyperfine

interactions, electronic quadrupole interactions, applications.

Reference

1. Introduction to molecular spectroscopy, G.M. Barrow, Mc Graw Hill.

2. Mol. Spectra and Mol. Structure, Vol. 1, 2 & 3, G. Herzberg, Van Nostard, London.

3. Photoluminescence of solutions, C.A. Parker, Elsevier Pub.Co. 1968.

4. Elements of spectroscopy, Gupta, Kumar & Sharma, Pragathi Prakshan.

5. Spectroscopy, Experimental Techniques, B.K. Sharma, Goel Pub. House.

6. The Infra Red Spectra of Complex Molecules, L.J. Bellamy, Wiley & Sons. Vol. 1&2.

7. Elementary Organic Spectroscopy, Y.R. Sharma, S. Chand and Co.

8. Spectroscopy of organic compounds, P.S. Kalsi, New age.

9. Laser Spectroscopic Techniques and Applications, E.R. Menzel, Practical spectroscopic

series vol. 18 – Mracel Dekker.

10. Molecular structure and spectroscopy, G. Aruldas, PHI

11. Spectroscopy Straughan & Walker, Vol. 1- John Wiley & Sons

12. Introduction of atomic spectra, H.E. White, Mc Graw Hill

13. Fundamentals of molecular spectroscopy, C.N. Banwell, MGH.

14. Molecular structure and spectroscopy, G. Aruldas, PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd.

15. Lasers and Non-Linear Optics, B.B Laud, Wiley Eastern

16. Raman Spectroscopy, D.A. Long, MGH.

33

AMPN414: ADVANCED NUCLEAR PHYSICS

Total Hours: 72 Credits: 4

Unit I

Nuclear Properties and Nuclear Force (18 Hours)

Nuclear radius, size, shape, mass and abundance of nuclides, binding energy, Semi-empirical

mass formula, Nuclear angular momentum and parity, nuclear electromagnetic moments,

nuclear excited states, deuteron- ground state, excited state, low energy neutron-proton

scattering, scattering length Fermi scattering length, spin dependence of neutron- proton

interaction, effective range theory, non central force, proton-proton and neutron-neutron

interactions, exchange interaction and saturation of nuclear force, properties of the nuclear

force, the exchange force model.

Unit II

Nuclear decay and Nuclear reactions (18 Hours)

Beta decay, Energy release in beta decay, Fermi theory of beta decay, Experimental tests of

the Fermi theory, angular momentum and parity selection rules, parity violation in beta

decay. Energetics of gamma decay, classical electromagnetic radiation, transition to quantum

mechanics, angular momentum and parity selection rules, Internal conversion.

Types of reactions and conservation laws, Energetics of nuclear reactions, reaction cross

sections, compound nucleus reactions.

Unit III

Nuclear Models and Applications (18 Hours)

Fermi gas model, Shell model, single particle states in nuclei, applications of shell model :

Nuclear spin, nuclear magnetic moments, islands of isomerism, quadruple moments of nuclei,

Collective model, vibrations in a permanently deformed nucleus, nuclear rotation

Fission -Induced fission – fissile materials, Fission chain reactions, Nuclear power reactors,

Fusion-Coulomb barrier, stellar fusion, Fusion reactors, biomedical applications, Biological

effects of radiation: radiation therapy, Medical imaging using radiation, Magnetic resonance

imaging.

Unit IV

Particle Physics (18 Hours)

Basic forces and classification of particles: The four basic forces, the force of gravity, the

electromagnetic force, the week force and electroweak theory, the strong force. The Gell-

Mann-Nishijima formula, Conservations laws: Conservation laws and symmetries,

34

conservation of energy and mass, conservation of linear momentum, conservation of angular

momentum, conservation of electric charge, conservation of baryon and lepton numbers,

conservation of strangeness, conservation of isospin and its components. The TCP theorem,

conservation of parity.

Quark model: The eightfold way, discovery of omega minus, the quark model, the confined

quarks, experimental evidences for quark model, coloured quarks, quantum chromodynamics

and gluons.

Reference

1. Introductory Nuclear Physics, Kenneth. S. Krane, Wiley, New York, (1987).

2. Nuclear and Particle Physics: An Introduction, Brian R. Martin, Wiley, England, (2006).

3. The particle Hunters, Yuval Ne’eman & Yoram Kirsh, CUP, (1996).

4. Introduction to Nuclear Physics, H.A. Enge, Addison Wesley, London, (1975).

5. Nuclear Physics by R.R. Roy and B.P. Nigam, New Age International, New Delhi,

(1983).

6. Atomic and Nuclear Physics, Ghoshal, Vol. 2, S. Chand & Company

7. Introduction to Elementary Particle, D.J. Griffiths, Harper and Row, NY,(1987)

35

AMPN415: SOLAR THERMAL COLLECTION AND STORAGE

Total Hours: 72 Credits: 4

Unit I

Solar Energy and Solar Radiation (18 Hours)

Structure of the sun – Solar radiation outside the earth’s atmosphere – Solar radiation at the

earth's surface - Instruments for measuring solar radiation and sunshine – Solar radiation

geometry – Solar radiation on titled surfaces.

Thermal Applications of Solar Energy - An Overview

Devices for thermal collection and storage – Thermal applications, water heating, space

heating, space cooling and refrigeration, power generation, distillation, drying and cooking.

Selective Surfaces for Solar Energy Conversion

Introduction – Heat balance – Physical characteristics – Use of selective solar energy

collectors – Anti-reflection coatings – Solar reflector materials – Type of selective coatings -

Preparations of selective coatings.

Unit II

Flat Plate Collectors (18 Hours)

Performance analysis of fluid flat plate collectors – Transmissivity of cover system –

Transmissivity absorptivity product – Overall loss coefficient and heat transfer correlation –

Collector efficiency factor – Collector heat removal factor – Effects of various parameters on

performance. Performance analysis of conventional air heater – Other types of air heaters.

Unit III

Concentrating Collectors (18 Hours)

Parameters characterizing solar concentrators – Types of concentrating collectors –

Cylindrical, parabolic concentrators – Performance analysis of cylindrical parabolic

concentrators – Parametric study of cylindrical concentrating collectors – Compound

parabolic collector (CPC), CPC geometry – Performance analysis – Central receiver collector

(basic ideas).

Unit IV

Solar Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning (18 Hours)

Carnot refrigeration cycle – Principle of absorption cooling – Lithium bromide water

absorption system – Aqua-ammonia absorption system intermittent absorption refrigeration

system – Vapour compression refrigeration – Desiccant cooling.

36

Thermal Energy Storage: Sensible heat storage – Latent heat storage – Thermo-chemical

storage – Solar pond – Performance analysis of solar pond.

Reference

1. Solar Energy - Principles of Thermal Collection and Storage, S.P. Sukhatme, 2nd Edn.

TMH.

2. Solar Energy, H.P. Garg & J. Prakash, TMH.

3. Solar Energy Utilization, G.D. Rai, Khanna Publ.

4. Solar Engineering of thermal process, John A Duffie and W. A. Beckman, 2nd Edn John

Wiley & Sons, INC.

5. Renewable Energy sources and Conversion technology, N K Bansal, M. Klemmann and

M. Meliss, TMH.

6. Renewable Energy, Godfrey Boyle, Oxford Univ. Press.

7. Renewable energy 2000, G T Wrixon, A M E Roney and W. Palz, Springer Verlag.

8. Solar Power Plants, C. J. Winter, R. L. Sizmann and L L Vaithull, Springer Verlag.

37

SEMESTER III AND IV

PRACTICAL

AMPN4P03: COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS PRACTICALS

Total Hours: 162 Credits: 3

[Programs are to be written in C++ language for experiments in section A and Section B.

Method, algorithm and flow chart are to be developed. For Section C suitable simulation

software can be used. A Total of 10 experiments are to be done with a minimum of 3 from

each section]

Section – A: (Numerical methods)

1. Write and execute a program for solving a system of linear equations using Gauss

elimination method.

2. Write and execute a program to find the root of a non linear equation by bisection

method.

3. Write and execute a program for the numerical integration of a function using

trapezoidal method.

4. Write and execute a program for the numerical integration of a function using

Simpson’s 1/3 rule.

5. Write and execute a program to solve the given ordinary differential equation by

using Euler method.

6. Write and execute a program to solve the given ordinary differential equation by

using Runge-Kutta fourth order method.

Section - B: (Graphics)

7. Write and execute a program to demonstrate the motion of a spherical body in a

viscous medium. Study the effect on motion by changing the mass, size of the body

and the medium.

8. Write and execute a program for the motion of a projectile in air. Study the motion for

different angles of projection.

9. Write and execute a program to find the variation in position, velocity and

acceleration of a damped harmonic oscillator. How do the oscillations go from the

38

undamped to the critically damped and to over damped with variation in damping

coefficient?

10. Write and execute a program to find the variation in acceleration, velocity, position

and energy of a driven oscillator. Plot the position versus time graph for different

driving conditions.

11. Write and execute a program to generate a pattern of standing waves. Run this

program with different values of amplitude, wavelength and velocity.

12. Write and execute a program to analyze a series LCR circuit with an AC source.

Verify the resonance condition.

Section – C: (MATLAB)

13. 13.MATLAB - Matrix operations

14. 14.MATLAB - Solving ordinary differential equations

15. 15.MATLAB - Linear convolution

16. 16.MATLAB - Circular convolution

17. 17.MATLAB - Fourier Transform

18. 18,MATLAB - Random sequence generator

19. 19.MATLAB - Generation of waveforms (sinusoidal, square, triangular, exponential)

[Few more experiments of equal standard can be added.]

39

AMPN4P04: RENEWABLE ENERGY PRACTICALS

Total Hours: 162 Credits: 3

1. Solar Cell characteristics

2. Efficiency of Solar Flat Plate Collectors

3. Improvement of Power Factor

4. Efficacy of Lamps

5. Study of Bio-gas plant (Lab Model)

6. Stefan - Boltzmann Constant

7. Fluidized Bed Heat Transfer

9. Microprocessor based Sun-tracking System (Lab Model)

10. Performance evaluation of a Single Basin Solar Still

11. Thermal testing of Box-type Solar Cooker

12. Determination of heat Loss Factor F'UL of linear Solar Absorbers using Indoor Test

Facility

13. Determination of Time Constant of Solar Flat Plate Collector

14. Measurement of Solar Reflectance and Absorptance of surfaces

15. Study of Effect of Anti-reflection Coatings of Solar Cells

16. Performance Analysis of a Paraboloid Concentrator

17. Testing of a Solar Cabinet Drier

18. Determination of Optical Efficiency of a Seasonally Adjusted Linear Solar Concentrator

[Few more experiments of equal standard can be added.]

40

41

ELECTIVE COURSES

AMPN4E01: SOLAR PHOTOVOLTAICS

Total Hours: 72 Credits: 4

Unit I

Solar Cell Fundamentals (18Hours)

Carrier motion in semiconductors- drift - motion due to electric fields - electric field and

energy band bending - diffusion current - diffusion current density – drift and diffusion

together – diffusion coefficient – generation of carriers – recombination of carriers –

continuity of carrier concentrations.

P-N Junction Diode: An Introduction to Solar Cells - equilibrium condition – space charge

region - energy band diagram – junction potential-width of depletion region – carrier

movements and current densities – carrier concentration profile – p-n junction non -

equilibrium condition - I-V relation (qualitative).

Unit II

P-N junction (18 Hours)

P-N junction I-V relation: quantitative analysis - P-N junction under illumination –

generation of photo voltage (PV) – light generated current – IV equation for solar cell – solar

cell characteristics.

Design of Solar Cells: upper limits of solar cell parameters - short circuit current – open

circuit voltage – fill factor – efficiency – losses in solar cell – model of solar cell – effect of

series and shunt resistance, solar radiation and temperature on solar cell efficiency – solar cell

design - design of high short circuit current – choice of junction depth and orientation –

minimisation of optical losses and recombination – Design for high open circuit voltage –

design for high fill factor – base resistance – emitter resistance – analytical techniques –

solar simulator: I-V measurement – quantum efficiency measurement – minority carrier life

time and diffusion length measurement.

Unit III

Production of Solar cells (18 Hours)

Solar Cell Technologies: Production of silicon (Si) – Silicon requirement –production of

metallurgical grade Si - production of electronic grade Si - production of Si wafers – Si sheets

– Si feedstock for solar cell industry – Solar grade production of Si wafers – Si usage in solar

42

SPV - Si wafer based solar cell technology - development of commercial Si solar cells – high

efficiency Si solar cells.

Thin Film Solar Cell Technologies: Generic advantages of thin film technologies – thin film

deposition techniques – amorphous Si solar cell technology – thin film crystalline Si solar

cell – microcrystalline Si thin film solar cell – thin film polycrystalline Si solar cell – thin

film epitaxial Si solar cell.

Unit IV

Solar Photovoltaic Applications (18 Hours)

Solar Photovoltaic (SPV) Modules – SPV from solar cells – series and parallel connections –

mismatch in cell module – mismatch in series connection – hot spots in modules – bypass

diode- mismatching parallel connection – design and structure of PV modules - number of

solar cells- wattage of modules – fabrication of modules – PV module power output – IV

equation of PV modules – rating of PV modules - I-V and power curves of module – effect of

solar irradiation and temperature - Balance of Solar PV Systems – electrochemical cells –

factors affecting battery performance – batteries for SPV systems Photovoltaic System

Design and Applications.- introduction to SPV systems – stand alone SPV system

configurations – design methodology of SPV systems – wire sizing in SPV systems - price

sizing of SPV systems - hybrid SPV systems - grid connected SPV systems - simple payback

period – life cycle costing

Reference

1. Solar Photovoltaic: Fundamentals, Technologies and Applications, Chetan Singh Solanki,

PHI, 2nd Edn

2. Practical Photovoltaics: Electricity from Solar Cells Practical Photovoltaics: Electricity

from Solar Cells Richard J. Komp 3rd Edn. aatec Publishers, Michigon.

3. The Physics of Solar Cells (Properties of Semiconductor Materials), Jenny Nelson,

Imperial College Press, London

43

AMPN4E02: ASTROPHYSICS AND COSMOLOGY

Total Hours: 72 Credits: 4

Unit I

Introduction (18 Hours)

Celestial Sphere: The altitude-Azimuth Coordinate system, Equatorial co-ordinate system;

Celestial objects: Planets, Stars, Galaxies, Milkyway; Distance measurements: Parallalax

method, Flux, Luminosity, Magnitude system: Absolute and apparent magnitude, distance

modulus; Black body radiation, bolometric magnitude, filters, color index; Spectral lines

(absorption and emission), spectral classification of stars, M-B velocity distribution,

Boltzmann Equations, Saha’s ionisation formula, Applications, H-R diagram.

Unit II

Astronomical Instrumentation (18 Hours)

Telescopes: basic optics, Rayleigh Criterion, Seeing, Aberrations, Brightness of an Image;

Optical Telescopes: Refracting and Reflecting telescopes, Adaptive Optics, Radio

Telescopes: Flux density, Interferometry; Atmospheric window in the electromagnetic

spectrum: Infrared, UV, X-ray and Gamma-ray astronomy.

Astronomical Photometry; Photometer, Light Detectors: Photomultiplier Tubes, PIN

photodiodes; Charged Coupled Devices: Operation ; Spectroscopy: Review of spectrographs,

CCD spectrographs.

Unit III

Stellar and galaxy physics (18 Hours)

Hydrostatic equilibrium: free fall, virial theorem for stars, equilibrium of a gas of non-

relativistic ideal gas particles, virial temperature; Radiative energy transport: mean free path,

sun's internal temperature; Equations of stellar structure; Equation of state; Opacity; Energy

production: Nuclear reactions, p-p chain, reaction rate, power production in p-p chain, CNO

cycle (brief discussion). Solutions of the equations of stellar structure: case of convection.

Structure of Milky-way, Components: the disk, the spheroid, centre, dark halo (from rotation

curves), Galaxy demographies: Spiral and ellipticals, galaxy luminosity function. Groups and

clusters of galaxies.

Unit IV

Cosmology (18 Hours)

Metric tensor; Cosmological Principle; FRW metric: scale factor, Hubble’s law, The big

bang theory, Expanding universe, cosmological redshift; The Friedmann’s equations (no

44

derivation) and solutions; Comoving and Hubble horizon, angular diameter and luminosity

distances; Evolution of isotropic fluid in expanding universe, Evolution radiation and matter.

Epoch of matter radiation equality; Scale factor evolution (during inflation, radiation and

matter dominated epochs); CMBR as an observational evidences for big bang (qualitative

ideas only); Dark energy; Formation of structures in the universe: Linear growth of

perturbations in Newtonian limit, Jeans mass in the expanding universe.

Reference

1. Basic Astrophysics - Dan Maoz.

2. An Introduction to Modern Astrophysics - Bradley W. Caroll, Dale A. Ostlie, Addison-

Wesley Publishing Company.

3. Astronomical Photometry - A Text and Handbook for the Advanced Amateur and

Professional Astronomer, Arne A Henden and Ronald H Kaitchuck.

4. Handbook of CCD Astronomy - Second edition, STEVE B. HOWELL.

5. Modern Cosmology - Scott Dodelson.

6. Structure formation in the universe- T. Padmanabhan.

7. Stellar Structure and Evolution - Second Edition, Rudolf Kippenhahn, Alfred Weigert,

Achim Weiss.

8. Abhyankar K. D. - Astrophysics Stars and Galaxies,Universities Press.

9. Arnab Rai Choudhuri - Astrophysics for Physicists, Cambridge University.

10. Narlikar J. B. - Introduction to Cosmology, Cambridge University Press.

45

AMPN4E03: NON-LINEAR DYNAMICS AND AN INTRODUCTION TO

CHAOS

Total Hours: 72 Credits: 4

Unit I

One Dimensional Flows and Bifurcations (18 Hrs)

A dynamical view of the world. General introduction to linear and nonlinear equations -

Flows on the line: Introduction - Geometric way of thinking - Fixed points and stability -

Linear stability analysis - Existence and uniqueness theorem - Impossibility of oscillations:

mechanical analogy (over damped systems) - Visualise the dynamics: potentials.

Bifurcations: Introduction - Saddle-node bifurcation - Transcritical bifurcation - Pitchfork

bifurcation - Imperfect bifurcations and catastrophes: bead on a tilted wire.

Unit II

Dynamics in Phase Plane (18 Hrs)

Flows on the circle: Introduction - Examples and definitions - Uniform oscillator -

Nonuniform oscillator - Overdamped pendulum. Super conducting Josephson junctions:

physical background - Equivalent circuit and pendulum analog.

Linear Systems: Introduction - Examples and definitions - Classification of linear systems.

Dynamical variables - Phase space - Phase trajectories and their properties - Fixed points and

linearization - Stability. Stable and unstable manifolds. Lotka-Volterra model of competition

- Conservative systems - Reversible systems. Phase plane analysis of pendulum - Cylindrical

phase space - Damping effects. Index theory - Global information about the phase portrait.

Unit III

Nonlinear Oscillations (18 Hrs)

Limit cycles: Introduction - Liapunov functions - Poincare-Bendixson theorem - Lienard

systems - Relaxation oscillations - Weakly nonlinear oscillators - Perturbation theory - Two

timing - Method of averaging.

Saddle-node bifurcation - Transcritical bifurcation - Pitchfork bifurcation - hopf Bifurcation:

Supercrittical and Subcrtitical. Coupled oscillators and quasiperiodicity - Poincare Maps.

46

Unit IV

Introduction to Chaos (18 Hrs)

The Lorenz System: Introduction - Elementary Properties of the Lorenz System - The Lorenz

Attractor - A Model for the Lorenz Attractor - The Chaotic Attractor - Exploration: The

Rössler Attractor.

Discrete Dynamical Systems - Introduction - 1D maps: Bernoulli, tent and logistic maps.

Period-doubling route to chaos. Lyapunov exponents. The Cantor Middle-Thirds Set-

Exploration: Cubic Chaos. Elementary ideas on turbulence. Strange attractors.

Reference

1. Nonlinear Dynamics and Chaos – STEVEN H. STROGATZ, Westview Press.

2. Differential Equations, Dynamical Systems and An Introduction to Chaos – MORRIS

W. HIRSCH, Elsevier Academic Press.

3. Chaos and Integrability in Nonlinear dynamics – M. TABOR , John Wiley, 1989.

4. Chaos and Nonlinear Dynamics – R.C.HILBORN, Oxford University Press, 1994.