DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS

Curriculum and Syllabus for

MPhil Programme in

Physics

(with effect from 2015 admissions)

i

SCHEME AND REGULATIONS

1. Status

To give the student adequate background for advanced research. The MPhil degree shall

have the status of an intermediate degree between the Postgraduate degree and the Doctoral

Degree. It will have both research and course component.

2. Eligibility

Master’s degree in relevant subject or its equivalent with minimum 55% marks (For SC/ST

candidates the minimum eligibility is 45%).

3. Admission

A candidate who wishes to work for MPhil degree on full time should apply in the

prescribed form on or before due dates to be announced normally once every year.

4. Duration of Course

The duration of the MPhil course shall be one academic year (two semesters).

5. Selection procedure

a. Applications will be invited by open advertisement in leading newspapers and college

website.

b. The applicants will be called for a written test and interview to be conducted at the

college on a preannounced date.

c. Admission will be made based on the total marks obtained in the qualifying

examination, written test and interview in the following ratio.

Qualifying examination (Master’s degree) – 50 Marks

Written test – 40 Marks

Interview – 10 Marks

d. Candidates whose selection is approved based on the written test and interview will be

admitted to MPhil programme after payment of prescribed fees.

6. Research guide

Each student will be assigned to a Research Guide by the concerned Head of the Department

and programme director. The student will choose the topic of his research based on the

advice of the Research Guide. The person under whom a candidate is registered for the

MPhil programme shall be required to possess PhD degree in the concerned or related

discipline and working in any of the Teaching Departments of the college or in any of the

Affiliated Colleges/Recognized Research Institutions and recognized by the University as a

research supervisor. The candidates are permitted to have a Co-guide(s) with the

ii

recommendation of the guide. A maximum of five candidates are permitted to register under

one supervisor at any pint of time.

7. Course Work

The MPhil candidates shall take the following courses.

Course I - Research Methodology

Course II - General Subject

Course III – Elective

8. Evaluation

MPhil coursework evaluation shall be as follows:

30 marks for continuous evaluation (CE) and 70 marks for Semester end examination (EE).

Course Marks

Total Credits CE EE

Course I 30 70 100 8

Course II 30 70 100 8

Course III 30 70 100 8

Total 300 24

The Continuous Evaluations include the following components;

Two test papers - 10 marks

Assignment - 10 marks

Seminar - 10 marks

The distribution of marks for each component is as follows:

(i) Seminar

Components Marks

Innovation of Topic 2

Review/ Reference 2

Content 2

Presentation 3

Conclusion 1

Total 10

iii

(ii) Assignments

Components Marks

Punctuality 2

Review 2

Content 4

Conclusion 1

References 1

Total 10

(iii) Test Paper

Two test paper shall be conducted for each course in the first semester such that each test

paper shall be of 90 minutes duration and the no of questions can be half the number of

questions of end semester examination. The average of these shall be taken as the test paper

mark for the CE component.

The syllabi and scheme of examination for all courses shall be prescribed by the Board of

Studies.

A Minimum of 75% attendance is required for appearing the End Semester Examination. The

minimum marks for pass for all courses will be 50% (both for CE and EE).

Question Paper Pattern

Division Type

No. of

Questions to

be Answered

Mark for

Each

Question

Total Marks

Section A Very Short Answer 6 out of 8 2 12

Section B Short Answer 2 out of 4 5 10

Section C Essay 4 out of 4 12 48

Grand Total 12 out of 16 - 70

Section A: A minimum of two questions must be asked from each unit of the course.

Section B: Section B is fully dedicated to solving problems/short answer from the course

concerned. A minimum of one problem from each unit is required. The problems need not

always be of numerical in nature.

Section C: Part C will have four questions (essay questions). Two questions of equal

standard must be asked from each unit with internal option. Each question will have a mark

twelve making the total mark forty eight in Part C

iv

Project work and dissertation

Marks

Total Credits CE EE

Pre Submission Seminar 50 - 50

16 Dissertation - 100 100

Viva Voce - 50 50

Total 200 16

Pre Submission Seminar

The candidate should give a Pre submission seminar on his/her dissertation work in the

department before submitting the dissertation, which will be evaluated internally for 50

marks.

Components Marks

Importance / Applications of the study of the study 10

Knowledge in the related works 10

Reasoning / explanations of the results 15

Performance in the seminar 15

Total 50

Reappearance/Improvement: For reappearance /improvement the student can appear

along with the next regular batch. A maximum of two chances will be given for each failed

course. Only those courses in which candidate have failed need be repeated.

9. Submission of Dissertation

a. The candidate shall submit three copies and one soft copy of the dissertation to the

Controller of Examinations

b. The candidate should give a Pre submission presentation on his/her dissertation work

in the department before submitting the dissertation which will be evaluated internally

for 50 marks, by a committee consisting of Head of the Department, Guide and one

faculty member nominated by Head of the department.

c. The dissertation submitted by the candidate shall be valued by an external examiner

appointed by controller of examinations from a panel of three examiners proposed by

Guide for 100 marks.

d. The viva-voce examination shall be conducted by the external examiner and Chairman

v

Board of Examiners appointed by Controller of Examinations from a panel of three

examiners proposed by Guide for the maximum of 50 marks.

e. The minimum marks for pass for dissertation and viva voce will be 50%.

f. If the candidate secures less than 50 % marks the candidate shall be advised to revise

the dissertation in the light of the suggestions made by the examiners and resubmit the

dissertation, within a period of six months. The revised dissertation shall be sent to the

same examiner who evaluated the dissertation in the first instance.

g. A student who fails to submit the dissertation within the stipulated time (12 months

from the date of commencement of classes) will be permitted to submit the dissertation

within a maximum period of 6 months with the prior permission from principal. But

the dissertation will be evaluated only along with the next batch.

10. Classification of Successful Candidates

For all courses (theory and practical) an indirect grading system based on a ten (10) point

scale according to the percentage of marks (CE + EE) is used to evaluate the performance of

the student in that course. The percentage shall be rounded mathematically to the nearest

whole number.

Percentage of

Marks Grade Performance Grade Point

90 and above A+ Outstanding 10

80 - 89 A Excellent 9

70 - 79 B Very Good 8

60 - 69 C Good 7

50 - 59 D Satisfactory 6

Below 50 F Failure 0

Credit Point

Credit Point (CP) of a course is calculated using the formula

CP = C × GP

where C = Credit; GP = Grade Point

Semester Credit Point Average

Semester Credit Point Average (SCPA) is calculated using the formula

SCPA = TCP/TC

vi

where TCP = Total Credit Point of all the courses in the semester; TC = Total Credits in

the semester

SCPA shall be rounded off to two decimal places.

Cumulative Credit Point Average

Cumulative Credit Point Average (CCPA) is calculated using the formula

CCPA = TCP/TC

where TCP = Total Credit Point of all the courses in the whole programme; TC = Total

Credit in the whole programme

CCPA shall be rounded off to two decimal places.

Grades for the different semesters, Semester Credit Point Average (SCPA) and grades for

overall programme, Cumulative Credit Point Average (CCPA) are given based on the

corresponding Credit Point Average (CPA) as shown below:

CPA Grade Performance

9.00 and above A+ Outstanding

8.00 - 8.99 A Excellent

7.00 - 7.99 B Very Good

6.00 - 6.99 C Good

5.00 - 5.99 D Satisfactory

Below 5.00 F Failure

11. Award of MPhil Degree

Based on the recommendation of the Examiners, the Controller of Examination would

recommend University for the award of the MPhil degree to the candidate after due

approvals by the Academic Council.

12. Power to Modify

Notwithstanding all that has been stated above, the Academic Council has the right to

modify any of the above regulations from time to time.

1

PROGRAMME STRUCTURE

Course

Code Name of the Course Credits CE EE Total

Semester I

APPH101 Research Methodology 8 30 70 100

APPH102 General Physics 8 30 70 100

Elective Course 8 30 70 100

Total 24 90 210 300

Semester II

APPH2PJ Project and Viva Voce 16 50 150 200

Grand Total 40 500

2

ELECTIVE COURSES

No. Course Code Name of the Course

1 APPH1E01 Plasma Physics

2 APPH1E02 Nonlinear Dynamics and Computational Mathematics

3 APPH1E03 Thin Film Technology

4 APPH1E04 Nanoscience and Nanotechnology

5 APPH1E05 Physics of Metals and Dielectrics

3

SEMESTER I

APPH101: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Credits: 8

Unit I: General Aspects (25Hrs)

Research literature survey- Primary, secondary and tertiary sources- Information search using

digital library and internet - Ideas of theoretical, experimental and computational research

methods.

Research communications-different categories and formats-paper preparation for scientific

journals -word processing and publication of software- LATEX documents - preparation of

these and dissertations - conference presentations in oral and poster forms

Matlab programming: Matrices and vectors, Scripts and functions, Linear Algebra, Curve

fitting and interpolation, data analysis, Ordinary differential equations, Graphics, Math

toolbox

Unit II: Basics of Spectral Analysis (26Hrs)

1. Line Shapes in Spectroscopy- Lorenzian and Gaussian, Fitting of the spectras. (curve

fitting) Deconvolution of spectrum, Derivative peak shapes. Some examples of generating

spectra and analysis of spectra by taking examples of X-ray photo-electron spectra.

Software/analysis using Origin and Easy plot

2. Noise and Signal handling- Signal to noise ratio, Johnson Noise and Nyquist theorem,

Shot noise, Means of reducing noise. Grounding - shielding, pre amplifier, Considerations

sampling theorem, filters - ADCs/DACs Fourier Transform, Laplace and Fast Fourier

Transforms.

3. Resolution of spectrometer/ instrument (general), Resolving power and influence of

different experimental parameters on it. Sensitivity of Measurement. Accuracy of

measurements. Instrumental errors and measurement errors.(static & dynamic) Examples

of UV-vis-NIR, IR, XRD, XPS, Mass Spectrometer spectra, vis-avis Instrumental

parameter like slit width, relaxation time, scan speed etc. Ligand Fields, Crystal fields,

their effects

Unit III: Compositional analysis (26Hrs)

Review of Atomic Spectroscopy. EDAX, Electronic transition in solids, Transmission

reflection and absorption coefficient Infrared spectroscopy, Molecular vibration

4

spectroscopy, Rotational spectroscopy, Bond analysis. Raman spectroscopy. Special analysis:

Tutorials on each of the above spectroscopies. [10]

Crystal structural and microstructure analysis

X-ray diffraction principles, Type of the cameras. Intensity dependence. Rietveld analysis for

powder diffraction. Particle size determination using Scherrer formula Analysis

Microstructure analysis. Scanning electron and Transmission electron Microscopy, Field

emission microscopy, scanning tunneling microscopy, Atomic force microscopy. Analysis of

experimental results [10]

Unit IV: Data analysis (23Hrs)

Error analysis, statistical data analysis on data in physics contest, descriptive statistics-Mean,

Standard deviation, Median, Interquatile ranges - comparison, Chi-Square test-association

between variables, Pearson correlation, Spearman correlation, prediction of values, simple

linear regression, non parametric regression.

Reference

1. Characterization of Materials John B. watchman (Butterworth - Heinemann Manning

Greenwich)

2. Quantitative Analysis - Day Underwood.

3. Fundamentals of Analytical Chemistry Skoog, West Holler.

4. Modern Methods for trace element determination C. Vandecasteele, (C. B. block -John

Wiley and sons (NY))

5. Numerical analysis - Francis Scheid, Schum's Outlines, Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing

Company Limited.

6. Computer oriented numerical methods-V. Rajaraman, Prentice Hall of India Private

limited

7. Getting Started with MATLAB 7: A Quick Introduction for Scientists and Engineers,

Rudra Pratap, Oxford University Press.

8. Numerical heat transfer, Suhas V Patankar, Hemisphere Publication Corporation

9. Taylor, John R. An introduction to error analysis, - the study of uncertainties of physical

measurements. University Science Books, 1982.

5

APPH102: GENERAL PHYSICS

Credits: 8

Unit I: Advanced Quantum Mechanics (25Hrs)

Quantization of fields

Elements of field quantization, Quantisation of relativistic fields K G Field, Dirac field,

Electromagnetic fields using Lorentz gauge, Interacting fields, Feynman Diagrams, Normal

products, Dyson chronological products, Wicks chronological product, The scattering Matrix.

Symmetries in quantum Mechanics

Symmetry and conservation laws, The space time symmetries, Space inversion -Parity, Time

reversal Invariance.

Measurements and Interpretation

EPR paradox, Bells inequality, The problem of measurement.

Reference

1. Quantum field theory- F Mandl and E Shaw, John Wiley & sons 1990

2. Quantum Mechanics V K Thankappan, Weily Eastern limited

3. Introduction to quantum field theory- S J Chang, World Scientific 1990

4. Quantum field theory - L Ryder, Academic Publishers, Culcutta 1989

5. Quantum Mechanics B H Bradsen and C J Joachain Pearson Education.

6. Quantum Mechanics L I Schiff McGraw hill

Unit II: Mathematical Physics (25Hrs)

Group Theory

Application of group theory in molecular and crystal physics, group character table,

crystallographic point groups, Continuous groups Full rotation group and angular momentum,

Representation of rotations through Eularian angles, Homomorphism with unitary groups,

Representation of the rotation group by representation of the Unitary group, Applications of

SU(2) and SU(3) in particle physics, Lie groups and Lie Algebra, Poincare groups and

Lorentz groups.

Reference

1. Mathematical Methods for Physicists, B Arfken and H J Weber, Academic press

6

2. Group Theory and Quantum mechanics, Michael Tinkham Tata McGraw-hill

Publishing company Ltd New Delhi

3. Elements of Group theory for Physicists, A W Joshi New Age India Pub 1997

4. Chemical Applications of group theory, Albert Cotton

5. Mathematical Physics Satya Prakash Sultan Chand & Sons,

6. Symmetry and Spectroscopy of Molecules, K Veera Reddy, New Age International

(P) Ltd

7. Symmetry in Physics, Vol 1 J P Elliot and P G Dewber Mc Millian

Unit III: Semi conducting & Ceramic Materials (24Hrs)

Semiconductor - Direct and indirect bonding characteristics - Importance of quantum

Confinement - Quantum wires and dots - Fabrication process of integrated circuits -Dilute

magnetic semiconductors - Characteristics and applications - Ferroelectric semiconductors -

Applications.

Ceramic superconductors - Preparation - Sol gel techniques - nanoparticles –Applications -

High temperature superconductors - Superconducting magnets - High TC Tapes -

Applications of composite materials - Fibre reinforced composites -Composite structure and

manufacturing methods.

Reference: Same as Unit IV

Unit IV: New Generation Materials (26Hrs)

Polymeric:

Polymer semiconductors - Photoconductive polymers - Composition and Structure of

Polymers - Electrical conductivity – LEP’s design and fabrication - Applications -Mechanical

properties - Nanoindentation techniques.

Optical Materials

Modern imaging materials, Principle of imaging - Superconducting, piezoelectric, acousto -

optic and electro - optic materials - Optical storage materials - Photochromic, thermoplastic

and Photoresist materials - materials suitable for detecting toxic gases.

New Materials

Smart materials - Shape memory alloys - Shape memory effect – Martensitic transformation -

functional properties - processing – texture and its nature –applications.

Nanomaterials - Synthesis of different shapes of nanomaterials - Physico – Chemical

properties -Applications.

7

Reference

1. Verdeyen. J, Laser Electronics, II Edition, Prentice hall 1990.

2. Tumer C. W and Van Duzer. T, Principles of Superconductive Devices and Circuits,

1981.

3. Reynolds and M. Pomeranty in Electroresponsive molecules and polymeric systems

Ed. by Skotheim T. Marcel Dekker New York 1991.

4. Yariv A., Principles of Optical Electronics, John Wiley, New York, 1984.

5. Hull. B, and John V, Non- Destructive Testing, McMillan Education Ltd., London,

1988.

6. Funakubo H Shape memory alloys Gordon & Breach, New York 1984.

8

ELECTIVE COURSES

APPH1E01: PLASMA PHYSICS

Credits: 8

Unit I: Introduction to Plasmas (24Hrs)

Plasma state - Occurrence of Plasma in nature - Definition of Plasma: concepts of quasi

neutrality and collective behavior - concept of temperature - Debye Shielding - The Plasma

parameters - Criteria for Plasma - Applications of Plasma physics (basis ideas).

Single particle motions: uniform E and B fields - Non uniform B and E fields -Summary of

guiding centre drifts - magnetic mirrors, Time - varying B and E fields -Adiabatic Invariants.

Unit II: Plasma as a Fluid (24Hrs)

The equation of motion - Fluid drifts perpendicular to B, fluid drifts parallel to B - The

plasma approximation.

Equilibrium and stability: Hydromagnetic Equilibrium - The concept of diffusion of magnetic

field into plasma, classification of instabilities: - Two stream Instability - The gravitational

instability - Resistive Drift waves - The weibel instability.

Unit III: Waves in Plasma (26Hrs)

Representation of waves - Group velocity - plasma Oscillations -Electron Plasma waves -

sound waves - Ion waves - Validity of plasma approximation - comparison of ion and

Electron waves - Electromagnetic waves with B0 = 0 , Experimental applications,

Electromagnetic waves perpendicular and parallel to B0, Experimental consequences,

Hydromagnetic waves -Alfven waves, Magnetosonic waves, Summary of Elementary plasma

waves - The CMA Diagram.

Unit IV: Kinetic Theory (26hrs)

The meaning of f(v) Equations by Kinetic theory - Derivations of the fluid equation –plasma

Oscillations and Landau damping - The meaning of Landau Damping - A physical derivation

of Landau Damping - BGK and van Kampen modes - Experimental verification – Kinetic

effects in a Magnetic field.

9

Plasma Diagnostics: Electrical methods - Langmuir probes-theory, electnc circuit, different

geometry of probes, current - voltage characteristics of single probe and double probe.

Books for study

1. Frencies F Chen: Introduction to plasma physics and controlled fusion vol 1 plasma

physics (Plenum press, 1983)

2. Yuri P Raizer, Gas Discharge Physics, Springer-Verlag (2012)

Reference

1. Nicholas A Krall and Alvin W Trivelpiece - Principles of plasma physics, McGraw

Hillkogkusha Ltd (1986).

2. Richard H. Huddlestone, Stanley L. Leonard- plasma Diagnostic Techniques

Academic Press (1965).

10

APPH1E02: NONLINEAR DYNAMICS AND COMPUTATIONAL

MATHEMATICS

Credits: 8

Unit I: Linear and Nonlinear Systems (23Hrs)

Mathematical models examples - Mathematical implications of Nonlinearity: superposition

principle - Linear oscillators & Predictability - Nonlinear oscillators -Resonance and

Hysteresis.

Unit II: Introduction Chaos (25Hrs)

Autonomous and Nonautonomous systems - Phase plane/space trajectories - stability,

attractors & repellers, - equilibrium points and stability - limit cycle - Bifurcation -Period

doubling phenomenon -onset of chaos - Logistic map - Route to chaos - Lorentz -systems -

Sensitive dependence on initial condition.

Unit III: Developments in Chaotic dynamics (25Hrs)

Time series analysis-estimation of time delay and embedding dimension,-largest lyapunov

exponent, stochastic resonance, chaotic scattering, controlling of chaos.

Unit IV: Computational Mathematics (27Hrs)

Random variable, probability distributions, regression analysis, Higher order differential

equations, non-linear differential equations, Coupled differential equations, Runge Kutta

methods, finite volume methods, finite difference methods, finite element methods, Monte-

Carlo simulation techniques. Programming using Matlab

Books for Study and Reference

1. M. Lakshmanan and S. Rajasekar, Nonlinear Dynamics, Integrability, chaos and

patterns, Springer (2003)

2. Steven H Strogatz, Nonlinear dynamics and Chaos, Perseus Books (2008)

3. Mathematical physics, H.K Das and Rama Varma, S.Chand & company Ltd. (2008).

4. Fundamentals of statistics, S.C Gupta, Himalaya publishing house (1996)

5. Numerical heat transfer, Suhas V patankar, Hemisphere Publication Corporation (1980)

6. Methods of computer modeling in engineering & science, volume 1, satya N Atluri,

tech Science Press (2005)

7. Monte-Carlo: concepts, algorithms and applications George fishman, springer (2003)

8. Getting Started With Matlab: A Quick Introduction For Scientists And Engineers,

Rudra Pratap, Oxford University Press (2009)

11

APPH1E03: THIN FILM TECHNOLOGY

Credits: 8

Unit I: Preparation of Thin Films (25Hrs)

Spray pyrolytic process – characteristic feature of the spray pyrolytic process - ion plating -

Vacuum evaporation - Evaporation theory - The construction and use of vapour sources -

sputtering Methods of sputtering - Reactive sputtering - RF sputtering - DC planar magnetron

sputtering. Amorphous thin films - glassy films, Dip coating, spin coating

Unit II: Thickness measurement and Nucleation and Growth in Thin Film

Thickness measurement: electrical methods - optical interference methods - multiple beam

interferometry - Fizeau - FECO methods - Quartz crystal thickness monitor . Theories of thin

film nucleation - Four stages of film growth incorporation of defects during growth.

Unit III: Electrical Properties of Metallic Thin Films (25Hrs)

Sources of resistivity in metallic conductors - sheet resistance - Temperature coefficient of

resistance (TCR) - influence of thickness on resistivity - Hall effect and magneto resistance -

Annealing - Agglomeration and oxidation.

Photoconduction -Dielectric properties - dielectric losses - Ohmic contacts - Metal -Insulator

and Metal - metal contacts - DC and AC conduction mechanism.

Unit IV: Optical Properties of Thin Films and Thin Films Solar Cells (25Hrs)

Thin films optics -Theory - Optical constants of thin films - Experimental techniques -

Multilayer optical system - interference filters - Antireflection coating ,Thin films solar cells:

Role, Progress , and production of thin solar cells - Photovoltaic parameter, Thin film silicon

(Poly crystalline) solar cells : current status of bulk silicon solar cells -Fabrication technology

- Photo voltaic performance : Emerging solar cells : GaAs and CulnSe.

Books for study

1. Fundamentals of Inorganic glasses, Arun K Varsnaya (academic Process)

2. The Physics of amorphous solids, R Zallan (John Willey)

3. Physics of amorphous materials S R Elliot (Longman)

4. Hand book of Thin films Technology: L I Maissel and R Clang.

12

5. Thin film Phenomena: K L Chopra.

6. Physics of thin films, vol. 12, Ed George Hass and others.

7. Thin films solar cells - K L Chopra and S R Das.

8. Thin films process – J L Visan

Reference

1. Vacuum deposition of thin films - L Holland.

2. The use of thin films in physical investigation - J C Anderson

3. Thin films technology - Berry, Koil and Harris

13

APPH1E04: NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY

Credits: 8

Unit I: Properties and Growth Techniques of Nanoparticles (25Hrs)

Metal nanoclusters - Magic numbers-theoretical modeling of nanoparticles Geometric

structure-Electronic structure - Reactivity - Fluctuations - magnetic clusters - Bulk to

nanotransition. Semiconducting nanoparticles - Optical properties _ photofragmentation -

Coulombic explosion, Growth techniques of nanomaterials-Top down VS bottom up

technique, Lithographic process and its limitations, Nanolithographic Techniues-Plasma arc

discharge, Sputtering, Evaporation, CVD, PLD, MBE, Sol-Gel technique, Electrodeposition,

Ball milling, CBD, IBDVLS. (Ref: 1, Chapter 4; Ref: 2, Chapter 6)

Unit II: Introductory Quantum Mechanics for Nanoscience (25Hrs)

Size effects in smaller systems - increase in response time for miniaturized simple pendulum

- Thermal decrease of time constant in smaller systems - Disappearance of friction in highly

symmetric molecular systems , Quantum behavior of nanometric world - Bohrs model of

hydrogen atom - Wave particle duality - De Broglie wavelength - Wavefunction associated

with an electron – Heisenberg uncertainty principle - Matter waves - wave packet -

Schrodinger equation -Applications of Schrodinger equation - Infinite potential well: A

confined particle in 1D-Potential step: Reflection tunneling and quantum leak - Specific case

of tunneling: Penetration of barrier - Potential box: Trapped particle in 3D:Quantum dot -

Electron happed in 2D plane: Nanosheet-Electron moving in lD:Nanowire/rod/belt-One

electron atoms: The hydrogen atom - Excitons -Quantum confinement effect in

nanomaterials. (Ref: 2, chapter: 5)

Unit III: Electrical Transport in Nanostructures (25Hrs)

Electrical conduction in metals - Classical Drude model - Quantum theory: The free electron

model, Conduction in insulators/ionic crystals, Electron transport in semiconductors -

Conductivity - carrier concentration - Fermi level in intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors,

Various conduction mechanisms in low dimensional systems - Thermionic emission - Field

enhanced thermionic emission (Schottky effect) - Field assisted thermionic effect from traps

(Poole- Frenkel effect) Arrhenius type thermally activated conduction - Variable range

hopping conduction - Polaron conduction . (Ref: 2, Chapter: 4)

14

Unit IV: Magnetic Properties in Fine Particles and Magnetic Experimental Methods

(25Hrs)

Introduction- Single Domain vs Multi-Domain Behavior. - Coercivity of fine particles

Magnetisation Reversal by Wall Motion -Superparamagnetism in fine particles -

Superparamagnetisation in Alloys- Measuring Magnetization: Vibrating Sample

Magnetometer-Squid magnetometer.

Reference

1. Introduction to nanotechnology - Charles P. Poole, Jr Fraank J Owens

2. Introduction to nanoscience and nanotechnology K. K. Chattopadhyay, A.N. Banerjee

3. Introduction to Magnetic Materials 2nd ed B D Culiity Wiley

15

APPH1E05: PHYSICS OF METALS AND DIELECTRICS

Credits: 8

Unit I: Symmetry Elements and Symmetry Groups (25Hrs)

Proper rotation axes- Improper rotation axes- Screw axes- Glide Planes- Point Groups-

Categories of Crystals- Plane Groups- Space Lattices- Space Groups.

Crystalline Structure

Equivalent positions in a unit cell - Determination of unit cell contents - Determination of

atomic arrangement- Spheres in closest packing- Voids in closest packing- Body Centered

Cubic Packing- Representation of closest packing.

Unit II: Structure of Metals and Insulators (25Hrs)

The elements: Closest packing- Zone theory- Complex structures. Simple Alloys:

substitutional solid solutions- Order to disorder transformations. Intermediate phases:

Electron compounds- Ternary alloy phases- Laves phases- Sigma phases. Interstitial phases:

Interstitial carbides and nitrides- Interstitial hydrides and borides- steels.

Halogens and halides. Oxides: Perovskite type- Borates- silicates.

Unit III: Properties of Metals (25Hrs)

Electrical properties: conductivity in pure metals- Conductivity in alloys- Basics of

superconductivity.

Magnetic Properties: Diamagnetism- Paramagnetism- Ferromagnetism- Domain structure.

Magnetocaloric Alloys: Magnetocaloric effect, Magnetocaloric Efficiency-Direct and indirect

measurements- Magnetocaloric effect in paramagnets- MCE in order to disorder transitions-

MCE in first order magnetic phase transitions and the giant effect- magnetic refrigeration

(Ref: 1 & 2).

Unit IV: Properties of Dielectrics (25Hrs)

Electrical properties: dielectric properties- Piezoelectricity- Ferroelectricity- Ionic

conductivity- Electric breakdown

Colossal Dielectric Phenomenon: High K dielectrics and ferroelectrics - Origin of high

dielectric constant in Calcium Copper Titanate- Ceramic processing of Calcium Copper

Titanate (Ref: 4).

16

Optical properties: Refraction- Birefringence- Colour Centres - Photoluminescene

Magnetic Properties: Exchange interactions- Antiferromagnetism- Ferrimagnetism -Magnetic

resonance.

Magnetoresistance: Magnetoresistance of ferromagnets- Anisotropic magnetoresistance - Giant

magnetoresistance- Exchange anisotropy- Colossal Magnetoresisitan.ee (Book for study- 2)

Structure of Insulators

Books for Study

1. Introduction to Solids, Leonid V Azaroff, TMH Edition, New Delhi.

2. Magnetism in Condensed Matter, Stephen Blundell, Oxford Master Series in

Condensed Matter

Reference

1. Magnetocaloric effect in Gd5 (SixGei-x)4 alloys, F C Fernandez, PhD thesis 2003,

University of Barcelona.

2. Recent developments in magnetocaloric materials, K A Gscheidner, V K Pecharsky

and A O Tsokol, Rep. Prog. Phys. 68 (2005) 1479 -1539.

3. Introduction to Solid State Physics, Seventh Edition, Charles Kittel

4. Effect of Doping, Cation Stoichiometry and the Processing Conditions on the

Dielectric Properties of High K CaCu3Ti40i2 Ceramics, PhD Thesis, Seunghwa Kwon,

Oregon State University, 2008.