AMSC N/A AREA PACK

INCH-POUND MIL-STD-648D10 April 2008 SUPERSEDING MIL-STD-648C11 FEBRUARY 1999

DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE DESIGN CRITERIA STANDARD

SPECIALIZED SHIPPING CONTAINERS

MIL-STD-648D

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FOREWORD

1. This design criteria standard is approved for use by all Departments and Agencies of the Department of Defense.

2. This standard establishes the general design criteria and associated tests for specialized shipping containers used by the Department of Defense. The initial step in the creation of a specialized shipping container is to distill the general design criteria within this document into specific design criteria. By filling out a container requirements checklist (see Appendix A) prior to initiating the design, a focused list of unique needs can be identified to ensure that the container’s contents are properly protected throughout its planned distribution and stowage logistics.

3. A specialized container is uniquely configured to support and protect its prescribed contents while being handled, stored, shipped to, and unpacked by the user; or to protect personnel and equipment from hazardous contents. Containers of this type frequently incorporate energy absorbing systems, temperature control systems, or special features to make handling or shipment possible, easier, or safer. Engineering drawings, or equivalent, are used to define form, fit, function, materials, tolerances, and manufacturing techniques.

4. A specialized shipping container is designed for use with a specific item when general container specifications are not sufficiently detailed to assure required protection, safety, reliability, maintainability, or configuration control. The need for a specialized container may arise with any deliverable item and invariably does so with nuclear and conventional ammunition and explosives. The container may be the result of a completely original design effort or of the modification of existing or standard container designs.

5. Copies of this standard are available online at http://assist.daps.dla.mil/quicksearch/ or from the Standardization Document Order Desk, 700 Robbins Avenue, Building 4D, Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094.

6. Comments, suggestions, or questions on this document should be addressed to Commander, Indian Head Division, Naval Surface Warfare Center, Code E11G3, 4072 N. Jackson Rd, Suite 106, Indian Head, MD 20640-5114 or emailed to amanda.penn@navy.mil. Since contact information can change, you may want to verify the currency of this address information using the ASSIST Online database at http://assist.daps.dla.mil.

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CONTENTS

PARAGRAPH PAGE

1. SCOPE......................................................................................................................................................................1 1.1 Scope.................................................................................................................................................................1

2. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS ................................................................................................................................1 2.1 General..............................................................................................................................................................1 2.2 Government documents ....................................................................................................................................1

2.2.1 Specifications, standards, and handbooks ................................................................................................1 2.2.2 Other Government documents, drawings, and publications.....................................................................2

2.3 Non-Government publications..........................................................................................................................5 2.4 Order of precedence..........................................................................................................................................7

3. DEFINITIONS .........................................................................................................................................................8 3.1 General..............................................................................................................................................................8

3.1.1 Ambient (temperature) .............................................................................................................................8 3.1.2 Anthropometry .........................................................................................................................................8 3.1.3 Clinch .......................................................................................................................................................8 3.1.4 Commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) ...........................................................................................................8 3.1.5 Competent authority.................................................................................................................................8 3.1.6 Connected replenishment-at-sea (CONREP) ...........................................................................................8 3.1.7 Cracking pressure (relief valve) ...............................................................................................................8 3.1.8 Cushion (compressive) creep ...................................................................................................................8 3.1.9 Distributed isolation material (DIM)........................................................................................................8 3.1.10 Elastomer................................................................................................................................................8 3.1.11 Energy absorbing devices.......................................................................................................................8 3.1.12 Explosive limit .......................................................................................................................................8 3.1.13 Faying surfaces.......................................................................................................................................8 3.1.14 Fire-retardant materials ..........................................................................................................................8 3.1.15 Flexible barriers .....................................................................................................................................8 3.1.16 Fragility levels........................................................................................................................................9 3.1.17 Galling....................................................................................................................................................9 3.1.18 Human systems integration (HSI) ..........................................................................................................9 3.1.19 Hydrogen embrittlement ........................................................................................................................9 3.1.20 Hygroscopic ...........................................................................................................................................9 3.1.21 Intermediate bulk container (IBC)..........................................................................................................9 3.1.22 Level A...................................................................................................................................................9 3.1.23 Level B...................................................................................................................................................9 3.1.24 Life cycle environmental profile (LCEP).............................................................................................10 3.1.25 Minimum flow rate (relief valve) .........................................................................................................10 3.1.26 Nematode .............................................................................................................................................10 3.1.27 Non-combustible materials...................................................................................................................10 3.1.28 Non-person portable container .............................................................................................................10 3.1.29 Passivation............................................................................................................................................10 3.1.30 Reseal pressure (relief valve) ...............................................................................................................10 3.1.31 Shock response spectrum (SRS)...........................................................................................................10 3.1.32 Specialized shipping container.............................................................................................................10 3.1.33 Springwood ..........................................................................................................................................10 3.1.34 Standard parts and materials.................................................................................................................10

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3.1.35 STREAM..............................................................................................................................................10 3.1.36 Summerwood .......................................................................................................................................10 3.1.37 Sympathetic detonation ........................................................................................................................10 3.1.38 Transmissibility....................................................................................................................................11 3.1.39 Underway replenishment at sea (UNREP) ...........................................................................................11 3.1.40 Unit load...............................................................................................................................................11 3.1.41 Vertical replenishment at sea (VERTREP) ..........................................................................................11

4. GENERAL REQUIREMENTS..............................................................................................................................11 4.1 General............................................................................................................................................................11

4.1.1 Hazardous materials and devices ...........................................................................................................11 4.2 Interfaces.........................................................................................................................................................11

4.2.1 Contents .................................................................................................................................................11 4.2.2 Handling equipment ...............................................................................................................................11 4.2.3 Distribution network ..............................................................................................................................12 4.2.4 Unit load compatibility...........................................................................................................................12

4.3 Configuration ..................................................................................................................................................12 4.4 Transportability requirements .........................................................................................................................12

4.4.1 Sensitive materials (transportation security) ..........................................................................................12 4.4.2 Transfer-at-sea (UNREP).......................................................................................................................12

4.5 Cube and weight .............................................................................................................................................12 4.5.1 Naval aircraft carrier container size limits .............................................................................................13

4.6 Materials and manufacturing methods ............................................................................................................13 4.6.1 Cadmium-plated hardware .....................................................................................................................13

4.6.1.1 Plating............................................................................................................................................13 4.6.2 Dissimilar metals....................................................................................................................................14

4.6.2.1 Acceptance criteria ........................................................................................................................14 4.6.3 Screw threads .........................................................................................................................................14 4.6.4 Elastomeric parts ....................................................................................................................................14 4.6.5 Standard parts and materials...................................................................................................................14 4.6.6 Material stability ....................................................................................................................................15 4.6.7 Internal packaging materials ..................................................................................................................15

4.6.7.1 Materials compatibility..................................................................................................................15 4.6.7.2 Blocking and bracing materials .....................................................................................................16 4.6.7.3 Cushioning materials .....................................................................................................................19 4.6.7.4 Resilient mounts ............................................................................................................................20 4.6.7.5 Dynamic characteristics.................................................................................................................20

4.6.8 Interchangeability...................................................................................................................................21 4.6.9 Support fasteners and closure devices....................................................................................................20 4.6.10 Wood treatment and preservation.........................................................................................................20

4.6.10.1 Nematodes ...................................................................................................................................21 4.6.11 Nonmetallic materials ..........................................................................................................................21 4.6.12 Corrosion..............................................................................................................................................21 4.6.13 Stainless steel .......................................................................................................................................21

4.7 Fire performance.............................................................................................................................................21 4.8 Drainage..........................................................................................................................................................21 4.9 Records receptacle ..........................................................................................................................................21

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4.10 Closure devices .............................................................................................................................................22 4.11 Static electricity ............................................................................................................................................22 4.12 Preservation ..................................................................................................................................................22 4.13 Clean-room operations..................................................................................................................................22 4.14 Security seal ..................................................................................................................................................22 4.15 Protection of contents against corrosion and water damage .........................................................................23

4.15.1 General .................................................................................................................................................23 4.15.2 Closed containers without auxiliary barriers ........................................................................................23

4.15.2.1 Ventilation ...................................................................................................................................23 4.15.2.2 Drainage ......................................................................................................................................23

4.15.3 Closed containers with auxiliary barriers .............................................................................................23 4.15.4 Integral-barrier containers ....................................................................................................................23

4.15.4.1 Structural .....................................................................................................................................23 4.15.4.2 Leakage .......................................................................................................................................23 4.15.4.3 Closures (except removable head drums)....................................................................................24 4.15.4.4 Desiccant storage.........................................................................................................................24 4.15.4.5 Humidity indicator.......................................................................................................................24 4.15.4.6 Pressurizing fitting.......................................................................................................................24 4.15.4.7 Leakage indicator ........................................................................................................................25 4.15.4.8 Container accessories ..................................................................................................................25 4.15.4.9 Transparent window in auxiliary barrier .....................................................................................25 4.15.4.10 Special requirements for non-breathing integral-barrier containers ..........................................25 4.15.4.11 Special requirements for controlled-breathing integral-barrier containers ................................25 4.15.4.12 Special requirements for free-breathing containers ...................................................................25 4.15.4.13 Observation window..................................................................................................................25

4.15.4.13.1 Alternate observation window location ............................................................................26 4.16 Stacking and stowing ....................................................................................................................................26

4.16.1 General .................................................................................................................................................26 4.16.2 Stacking stability ..................................................................................................................................26 4.16.3 Stackability...........................................................................................................................................26 4.16.4 Distributed load....................................................................................................................................26 4.16.5 Stacking strength ..................................................................................................................................26

4.17 Handling........................................................................................................................................................26 4.17.1 General .................................................................................................................................................26 4.17.2 Manual lifting/carrying ........................................................................................................................27

4.17.2.1 Handle characteristics..................................................................................................................27 4.17.2.2 Handhold characteristics..............................................................................................................27

4.17.3 Hoisting................................................................................................................................................28 4.17.3.1 Hoisting provisions......................................................................................................................28

4.17.4 Tiedown................................................................................................................................................29 4.17.5 Skids.....................................................................................................................................................29 4.17.6 Forklift truck compatibility ..................................................................................................................29

4.17.6.1 Containers having a length greater than 88 inches ......................................................................29 4.17.6.2 Containers ranging in length from 50 to 88 inches......................................................................30 4.17.6.3 Pallet size containers (52 by 44 inches or smaller)......................................................................30 4.17.6.4 Direct interface with military aircraft loading operations............................................................31

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4.17.6.5 Secondary uses for fork pockets ..................................................................................................31 4.17.7 Shipboard handling ..............................................................................................................................31 4.17.8 Handling provision maintainability......................................................................................................31

4.18 Special protection devices.............................................................................................................................32 4.18.1 Temperature control .............................................................................................................................32 4.18.2 Field-force protection...........................................................................................................................32 4.18.3 Magnetic shielding ...............................................................................................................................32

4.19 Protecting and identifying the container .......................................................................................................32 4.19.1 Painting requirements...........................................................................................................................32 4.19.2 Identification and instructional markings.............................................................................................32

4.19.2.1 Identification marking .................................................................................................................32 4.19.2.2 Basic instructional markings........................................................................................................32 4.19.2.3 Color coding ................................................................................................................................33

4.19.3 Container markings ..............................................................................................................................33 4.20 Nuclear, biological, chemical (NBC) survivability.......................................................................................33 4.21 Human systems integration (HSI).................................................................................................................33 4.22 Pallet jack compatibility................................................................................................................................34

5. DETAILED REQUIREMENTS.............................................................................................................................34 5.1 Fit and compatibility .......................................................................................................................................34

5.1.1 General ...................................................................................................................................................34 5.1.2 Fit test.....................................................................................................................................................34

5.2 Mechanical shock............................................................................................................................................34 5.2.1 General ...................................................................................................................................................34

5.2.1.1 Acceptance criteria ........................................................................................................................34 5.2.1.2 Test loads.......................................................................................................................................35 5.2.1.3 Instrumentation..............................................................................................................................35 5.2.1.4 Temperature combined with shock................................................................................................36 5.2.1.5 Drop surface recommendation.......................................................................................................36

5.2.2 Repetitive shock test...............................................................................................................................36 5.2.2.1 Repetitive shock test (stacked) ......................................................................................................36

5.2.3 Drop test (free-fall).................................................................................................................................37 5.2.4 Cornerwise-drop (rotational) test ...........................................................................................................37 5.2.5 Edgewise-drop (rotational) test ..............................................................................................................37 5.2.6 Tipover test.............................................................................................................................................37 5.2.7 Impact test ..............................................................................................................................................37

5.2.7.1 Impact test (stacked)......................................................................................................................38 5.2.8 Transfer-at-sea shock test.......................................................................................................................39 5.2.9 Shipboard shock test...............................................................................................................................39

5.2.9.1 Grades of containers ......................................................................................................................39 5.2.9.2 Classes of containers .....................................................................................................................39 5.2.9.3 Pass-fail criteria .............................................................................................................................39 5.2.9.4 Class I containers (foam or rubberized fiber isolation systems) ....................................................40

5.2.9.4.1 Container testing ...................................................................................................................40 5.2.9.4.2 Weight limitations.................................................................................................................40 5.2.9.4.3 Size limitations .....................................................................................................................40 5.2.9.4.4 Testing orientations...............................................................................................................40

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5.2.9.4.5 Method of securing the container to the MWSM..................................................................40 5.2.9.4.6 Design criteria.......................................................................................................................40 5.2.9.4.7 Floating shock platform (FSP testing) ..................................................................................40 5.2.9.4.8 Heavyweight shock test ........................................................................................................40 5.2.9.4.9 Deck-stowed containers ........................................................................................................40 5.2.9.4.10 Method of securing the container to the FSP ......................................................................40 5.2.9.4.11 Chain tiedown assembly .....................................................................................................40

5.2.9.5 Class II containers (resilient mount isolation systems)..................................................................40 5.2.9.5.1 Testing to hi-shock events ....................................................................................................41 5.2.9.5.2 Chain tiedown assembly .......................................................................................................41

5.2.9.6 Shipboard shock test (eligibility)...................................................................................................41 5.2.10 Safety drop test.....................................................................................................................................41 5.2.11 Railcar shock test for nuclear weapon containers ................................................................................41

5.3 Vibration .........................................................................................................................................................41 5.3.1 General ...................................................................................................................................................41 5.3.2 Random vibration...................................................................................................................................42

5.3.2.1 Truck transportation over U.S. highway........................................................................................43 5.3.2.2 Mission/field transportation...........................................................................................................43 5.3.2.3 Aircraft jet .....................................................................................................................................43 5.3.2.4 Aircraft propeller ...........................................................................................................................43 5.3.2.5 Ship-surface ship ...........................................................................................................................43

5.3.3 Sinusoidal testing ...................................................................................................................................43 5.3.3.1 Resonance survey and dwell test ...................................................................................................44

5.3.4 Sinusoidal cycling test............................................................................................................................44 5.4 Shock mount aging .........................................................................................................................................44

5.4.1 Salt fog test.............................................................................................................................................44 5.4.2 Ozone resistance test ..............................................................................................................................44 5.4.3 Air-heat aging test ..................................................................................................................................44

5.5 Structural integrity ..........................................................................................................................................44 5.5.1 General ...................................................................................................................................................44 5.5.2 Pressure test............................................................................................................................................44

5.5.2.1 Test pressures ................................................................................................................................45 5.6 Leakage integrity ............................................................................................................................................45

5.6.1 General ...................................................................................................................................................45 5.6.2 Leak test .................................................................................................................................................45

5.6.2.1 Test pressures ................................................................................................................................45 5.7 Superimposed load..........................................................................................................................................45

5.7.1 General ...................................................................................................................................................45 5.7.2 Load test (like containers) ......................................................................................................................45 5.7.3 Load test (unlike containers) ..................................................................................................................45

5.8 Hoisting fitting and tiedown attachment points ..............................................................................................45 5.8.1 General ...................................................................................................................................................46 5.8.2 Acceptance criteria.................................................................................................................................46 5.8.3 Hoisting fittings strength test .................................................................................................................46 5.8.4 Tiedown strength test .............................................................................................................................46 5.8.5 Single hoisting fitting strength test.........................................................................................................46

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PARAGRAPH PAGE

5.9 Forklift truck (fully captive fork tine enclosures) compatibility test ..............................................................47 5.9.1 Forklift truck (non-captive lift) compatibility test..................................................................................47

5.10 Handlift truck MK 45 compatibility .............................................................................................................47 5.10.1 General .................................................................................................................................................47 5.10.2 Static overload......................................................................................................................................47 5.10.3 Shock test .............................................................................................................................................47 5.10.4 Rolling test ...........................................................................................................................................47

5.11 Fire performance requirements .....................................................................................................................47 5.11.1 Flame spread index test ........................................................................................................................47 5.11.2 Smoke density test................................................................................................................................47 5.11.3 Stacked container fire test ....................................................................................................................48

5.12 Measurement of magnetic fields ...................................................................................................................49 5.13 Sympathetic detonation.................................................................................................................................49 5.14 Testing sequences .........................................................................................................................................49

5.14.1 Army containers ...................................................................................................................................49 5.14.2 Air Force containers .............................................................................................................................49 5.14.3 Navy containers....................................................................................................................................55

6. NOTES ...................................................................................................................................................................55 6.1 Intended use ....................................................................................................................................................55 6.2 Acquisition requirements ................................................................................................................................55 6.3 Subject term (key word) listing.......................................................................................................................55 6.4 International standardization agreement implementation ...............................................................................55 6.5 Changes from previous issue ..........................................................................................................................55

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FIGURE PAGE 1. Recommended average moisture content for use of wood products in various areas of the United States ............17 2. Standard fork tine spacings.....................................................................................................................................30 3. Pallet size container fork tine spacings...................................................................................................................30 4. Samples of symmetrical packaging ........................................................................................................................38 5 Front view of stacked container fire test setup ........................................................................................................48 6. Plan view of stacked container fire test setup.........................................................................................................49 7. Test sequence for containers under 150 pounds and issued to ground troops ........................................................50 8. Test sequence for containers 150 pounds or more and issued to ground troops .....................................................52 9. Air Force test sequence for containers under 150 pounds ......................................................................................53 10. Air Force test sequence for containers over 150 pounds ......................................................................................54 B-1. Records holder....................................................................................................................................................63 B-2. Center lift............................................................................................................................................................64 B-3. Sling, hoisting MK 105 MOD 0 .........................................................................................................................65 B-4. Sling leg 4,000 pound capacity...........................................................................................................................66 B-5. Holder, records ...................................................................................................................................................67 B-6. Plug humidity indicator ......................................................................................................................................68 B-7. Endlift-adapter ....................................................................................................................................................69 B-8. Sling, container lifting MK 109 MOD 1.............................................................................................................70 B-9. Fork pocket (DWG 5167633) .............................................................................................................................71 B-10. Fork pocket (DWG 5167693) ...........................................................................................................................72 B-11. Latch .................................................................................................................................................................73 B-12. Handle...............................................................................................................................................................74 B-13. Observation window.........................................................................................................................................75 B-14. Access port .......................................................................................................................................................76 B-15. Latch, wide handle............................................................................................................................................77 B-16. Shackle .............................................................................................................................................................78 B-17. Valve, breather..................................................................................................................................................79 B-18. Desiccator .........................................................................................................................................................80 B-19. Latch .................................................................................................................................................................81 B-20. Latch, CRES .....................................................................................................................................................82 B-21. Ring, container lift ............................................................................................................................................83 B-22. Container endlift interface (sheet 1 of 3 DWG 6214131).................................................................................84 B-23. Container endlift interface (sheet 2 of 3 DWG 6214131).................................................................................85 B-24. Container endlift interface (sheet 3 of 3 DWG 6214131).................................................................................86 C-1. Electrostatic test chamber ...................................................................................................................................89 C-2. Electrostatic test arrangement.............................................................................................................................90 C-3. Electrostatic test..................................................................................................................................................91 C-4. Electrostatic detector ..........................................................................................................................................92 C-5. Electrode.............................................................................................................................................................93 D-1. Top superimposed-load test................................................................................................................................96 E-1. Top superimposed-load test ................................................................................................................................99 G-1. Free-fall drop test .............................................................................................................................................107 H-1. Cornerwise drop (rotational) ............................................................................................................................111 I-1. Edgewise drop (rotational).................................................................................................................................115 L-1. Incline-impact test.............................................................................................................................................121

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M-1. Pendulum-impact test ......................................................................................................................................124 N-1. Test envelope 2 to 500 cycles per second for vibration (sinusoidal motion) test .............................................128 P-1. Slings placed around specimen with load superimposed ..................................................................................138 P-2. Hoisting with sling attachment provisions ........................................................................................................139 P-3. Hoisting with grabs ...........................................................................................................................................140

TABLE PAGE I. Common standard parts for Navy containers ..........................................................................................................15 II. Recommended average moisture content in various areas1/ of the United States .................................................17 III. Lateral loading of nails .........................................................................................................................................18 IV. Expected temperature extremes............................................................................................................................36 V. Mechanical shock input locations to containers ....................................................................................................38 VI. Shock test for containers-at-sea............................................................................................................................39 G-I. Height of free-fall drops for containers of various sizes and weights ...............................................................106 H-I. Height of rotational drops for containers of various sizes and weights.............................................................110 I-I. Height of rotational drops for containers of various sizes and weights ..............................................................114

APPENDIX A .............................................................................................................................................................56 A.1 SCOPE.................................................................................................................................................................56

A.1.1 Scope...........................................................................................................................................................56

APPENDIX B..............................................................................................................................................................62 B.1 SCOPE.................................................................................................................................................................62

B.1.1 Scope...........................................................................................................................................................62

APPENDIX C..............................................................................................................................................................87 C.1 SCOPE.................................................................................................................................................................87

C.1.1 Scope...........................................................................................................................................................87 C.2 DEFINITION.......................................................................................................................................................87

C.2.1 Electrostatic properties ................................................................................................................................87 C.3 APPARATUS ......................................................................................................................................................87 C.4 SPECIMENS........................................................................................................................................................87 C.5 CONDITIONING ................................................................................................................................................87

C.5.1 Test environment.........................................................................................................................................87 C.6 PROCEDURE......................................................................................................................................................87 C.7 REPORT ..............................................................................................................................................................88 C.8 NOTES.................................................................................................................................................................88

APPENDIX D .............................................................................................................................................................94 D.1 SCOPE.................................................................................................................................................................94

D.1.1 Scope...........................................................................................................................................................94 D.2 DEFINITIONS ....................................................................................................................................................94

D.2.1 Packing........................................................................................................................................................94 D.2.1.1 Level A...............................................................................................................................................94 D.2.1.2 Level B ...............................................................................................................................................94

D.2.2 Top dunnage................................................................................................................................................94 D.3 APPARATUS......................................................................................................................................................94

D.3.1 Top superimposed-load test ........................................................................................................................94

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D.4 SPECIMEN .........................................................................................................................................................95 D.4.1 Contents of container ..................................................................................................................................95

D.5 CONDITIONING OF SPECIMEN .....................................................................................................................95 D.5.1 Test specimen..............................................................................................................................................95

D.6 PROCEDURE......................................................................................................................................................95 D.7 REPORT..............................................................................................................................................................95 D.8 NOTES ................................................................................................................................................................96

APPENDIX E..............................................................................................................................................................97 E.1 SCOPE .................................................................................................................................................................97

E.1.1 Scope ...........................................................................................................................................................97 E.2 DEFINITIONS.....................................................................................................................................................97

E.2.1 Packing ........................................................................................................................................................97 E.2.1.1 Level A ...............................................................................................................................................97 E.2.1.2 Level B................................................................................................................................................97

E.2.2 Top dunnage ................................................................................................................................................97 E.3 APPARATUS ......................................................................................................................................................97

E.3.1 Top superimposed-load test.........................................................................................................................97 E.4 SPECIMEN..........................................................................................................................................................97

E.4.1 Contents of container...................................................................................................................................97 E.5 CONDITIONING OF SPECIMEN......................................................................................................................97

E.5.1 Test specimen ..............................................................................................................................................97 E.6 PROCEDURE......................................................................................................................................................97 E.7 REPORT ..............................................................................................................................................................98 E.8 NOTES.................................................................................................................................................................98

APPENDIX F ............................................................................................................................................................100 F.1 SCOPE ...............................................................................................................................................................100

F.1.1 Scope .........................................................................................................................................................100 F.2 DEFINITIONS ...................................................................................................................................................100

F.2.1 Shock .........................................................................................................................................................100 F.2.2 Vibration....................................................................................................................................................100

F.3 APPARATUS.....................................................................................................................................................100 F.3.1 Platform .....................................................................................................................................................100 F.3.2 Restraining devices....................................................................................................................................100

F.4 SPECIMENS......................................................................................................................................................100 F.4.1 Contents of container .................................................................................................................................100

F.5 CONDITIONING...............................................................................................................................................100 F.5.1 Test specimen ............................................................................................................................................100

F.6 PROCEDURE ....................................................................................................................................................101 F.7 REPORT.............................................................................................................................................................101 F.8 NOTES...............................................................................................................................................................102

APPENDIX G ...........................................................................................................................................................103 G.1 SCOPE...............................................................................................................................................................103

G.1.1 Scope.........................................................................................................................................................103 G.2 DEFINITIONS ..................................................................................................................................................103

G.2.1 Packing......................................................................................................................................................103

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G.2.1.1 Level A.............................................................................................................................................103 G.2.1.2 Level B .............................................................................................................................................103

G.3 APPARATUS....................................................................................................................................................103 G.4 SPECIMEN .......................................................................................................................................................104

G.4.1 Contents of container ................................................................................................................................104 G.5 CONDITIONING..............................................................................................................................................104

G.5.1 Test specimen............................................................................................................................................104 G.6 PROCEDURE....................................................................................................................................................104

G.6.1 Bags ..........................................................................................................................................................104 G.6.2 Cylindrical containers ...............................................................................................................................104 G.6.3 Rectangular containers ..............................................................................................................................104 G.6.4 Drop height ...............................................................................................................................................105

G.7 REPORT............................................................................................................................................................105 G.8 NOTES ..............................................................................................................................................................105

APPENDIX H ...........................................................................................................................................................108 H.1 SCOPE...............................................................................................................................................................108

H.1.1 Scope.........................................................................................................................................................108 H.2 DEFINITIONS ..................................................................................................................................................108

H.2.1 Large shipping containers .........................................................................................................................108 H.2.2 Packing......................................................................................................................................................108

H.2.2.1 Level A.............................................................................................................................................108 H.2.2.2 Level B .............................................................................................................................................108

H.3 APPARATUS....................................................................................................................................................108 H.3.1 Cornerwise-drop test .................................................................................................................................108

H.4 SPECIMEN .......................................................................................................................................................109 H.4.1 Contents of container ................................................................................................................................109

H.5 CONDITIONING OF SPECIMEN ...................................................................................................................109 H.5.1 Test specimen............................................................................................................................................109

H.6 PROCEDURE....................................................................................................................................................109 H.6.1 Number and height of drops......................................................................................................................109

H.7 REPORT............................................................................................................................................................109 H.8 NOTES ..............................................................................................................................................................110

APPENDIX I .............................................................................................................................................................112 I.1 SCOPE ................................................................................................................................................................112

I.1.1 Scope ..........................................................................................................................................................112 I.2 DEFINITIONS....................................................................................................................................................112

I.2.1 Large shipping containers...........................................................................................................................112 I.2.2 Packing .......................................................................................................................................................112

I.2.2.1 Level A ..............................................................................................................................................112 I.2.2.2 Level B...............................................................................................................................................112

I.3 APPARATUS......................................................................................................................................................112 I.3.1 Edgewise-drop test .....................................................................................................................................112

I.4 SPECIMEN .........................................................................................................................................................113 I.4.1 Contents of container..................................................................................................................................113

I.5 CONDITIONING OF SPECIMEN.....................................................................................................................113 I.5.1 Test specimen .............................................................................................................................................113

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I.6 PROCEDURE .....................................................................................................................................................113 I.6.1 Number and height of drops .......................................................................................................................113

I.7 REPORT .............................................................................................................................................................113 I.8 NOTES................................................................................................................................................................114

APPENDIX J.............................................................................................................................................................116 J.1 SCOPE ................................................................................................................................................................116

J.1.1 Scope ..........................................................................................................................................................116 J.2 DEFINITION......................................................................................................................................................116

J.2.1 Large shipping containers...........................................................................................................................116 J.3 APPARATUS .....................................................................................................................................................116

J.3.1 Tipover test.................................................................................................................................................116 J.4 SPECIMEN.........................................................................................................................................................116

J.4.1 Contents of container..................................................................................................................................116 J.5 CONDITIONING OF SPECIMEN.....................................................................................................................116

J.5.1 Test specimen.............................................................................................................................................116 J.6 PROCEDURE.....................................................................................................................................................116

J.6.1 Number and direction of tipover ................................................................................................................116 J.7 REPORT .............................................................................................................................................................116 J.8 NOTES................................................................................................................................................................117

APPENDIX K ...........................................................................................................................................................118 K.1 SCOPE...............................................................................................................................................................118

K.1.1 Scope.........................................................................................................................................................118 K.2 DEFINITIONS ..................................................................................................................................................118 K.3 APPARATUS....................................................................................................................................................118 K.4 SPECIMEN .......................................................................................................................................................118

K.4.1 Contents of container ................................................................................................................................118 K.5 CONDITIONING..............................................................................................................................................116

K.5.1 Test specimen............................................................................................................................................118 K.6 PROCEDURE....................................................................................................................................................118 K.7 REPORT............................................................................................................................................................118 K.8 NOTES ..............................................................................................................................................................119

APPENDIX L............................................................................................................................................................120 L.1 SCOPE ...............................................................................................................................................................120

L.1.1 Scope .........................................................................................................................................................120 L.2 DEFINITION .....................................................................................................................................................120

L.2.1 Incline impact tester ..................................................................................................................................120 L.3 APPARATUS ....................................................................................................................................................120

L.3.1 Inclined track.............................................................................................................................................120 L.4 SPECIMEN........................................................................................................................................................120

L.4.1 Contents of container.................................................................................................................................120 L.5 CONDITIONING OF SPECIMEN....................................................................................................................120

L.5.1 Test specimen ............................................................................................................................................120 L.6 PROCEDURE....................................................................................................................................................120 L.7 REPORT ............................................................................................................................................................121 L.8 NOTES...............................................................................................................................................................121

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xiv

APPENDIX M...........................................................................................................................................................122

M.1 SCOPE ..............................................................................................................................................................122 M.1.1 Scope ........................................................................................................................................................122

M.2 DEFINITION....................................................................................................................................................122 M.2.1 Large shipping containers.........................................................................................................................122

M.3 APPARATUS ...................................................................................................................................................122 M.3.1 Pendulum-impact tester ............................................................................................................................122

M.4 SPECIMEN.......................................................................................................................................................122 M.4.1 Contents of container................................................................................................................................122

M.5 CONDITIONING OF SPECIMEN...................................................................................................................122 M.5.1 Test specimen ...........................................................................................................................................122

M.6 PROCEDURE...................................................................................................................................................122 M.7 REPORT ...........................................................................................................................................................123 M.8 NOTES..............................................................................................................................................................123

APPENDIX N ...........................................................................................................................................................125 N.1 SCOPE...............................................................................................................................................................125

N.1.1 Scope.........................................................................................................................................................125 N.2 DEFINITION.....................................................................................................................................................125

N.2.1 Octave .......................................................................................................................................................125 N.3 APPARATUS....................................................................................................................................................125

N.3.1 Platform.....................................................................................................................................................125 N.3.2 Fixture .......................................................................................................................................................125 N.3.3 Instrumentation .........................................................................................................................................125

N.4 SPECIMENS .....................................................................................................................................................125 N.4.1 Contents of container ................................................................................................................................125

N.5 CONDITIONING..............................................................................................................................................125 N.5.1 Test specimen............................................................................................................................................125

N.6 PROCEDURE....................................................................................................................................................126 N.7 REPORT............................................................................................................................................................127 N.8 NOTES ..............................................................................................................................................................128

APPENDIX O ...........................................................................................................................................................129 O.1 SCOPE...............................................................................................................................................................129

O.1.1 Scope.........................................................................................................................................................129 O.2 DEFINITIONS ..................................................................................................................................................129

O.2.1 Leak ..........................................................................................................................................................129 O.2.2 Leakage .....................................................................................................................................................129

O.3 APPARATUS....................................................................................................................................................129 O.4 SPECIMEN .......................................................................................................................................................130

O.4.1 Contents of container ................................................................................................................................130 O.5 CONDITIONING..............................................................................................................................................130

O.5.1 Test specimen............................................................................................................................................130 O.6 PROCEDURE....................................................................................................................................................130

O.6.1 Vacuum retention technique .....................................................................................................................130 O.6.2 Vacuum chamber technique......................................................................................................................130 O.6.3 Pneumatic pressure technique ...................................................................................................................131

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xv

O.6.4 Squeeze technique.....................................................................................................................................131 O.6.5 Hot water technique ..................................................................................................................................131 O.6.6 Submersion (or immersion) techniques.....................................................................................................132 O.6.7 Simulated rainfall technique .....................................................................................................................132 O.6.8 Hydraulic pressure technique....................................................................................................................132 O.6.9 Static technique .........................................................................................................................................132

O.7 REPORT............................................................................................................................................................133 O.8 NOTES ..............................................................................................................................................................133

O.8.1 Selection of technique...............................................................................................................................133

APPENDIX P ............................................................................................................................................................134 P.1 SCOPE ...............................................................................................................................................................134

P.1.1 Scope .........................................................................................................................................................134 P.2 DEFINITIONS ...................................................................................................................................................134 P.3 APPARATUS............