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Environmental Engineering Department

Zimbabwe was one of the first countries to embrace and act on the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), this culminated in the making of the Environmental Engineering Programme in the School of Engineering Sciences and Technology. The Bachelor of Science Honours Degree in Environmental Engineering mainly seeks to address the sustainable development goal target 7A which seeks to “Integrate the principles of sustainable development into country policies and programs; reverse loss of environmental resources” Environmental engineering involves identification and design of solutions to real life problems such as climate change, energy conservation, water pollution, unsafe drinking water, industrial & mining liquid and solid waste management and unsustainable resource extraction for construction activities. Our programme is unique as it is the first and only such program in Zimbabwe. Our graduates are equipped with environmental engineering skills to design and implement technologies to monitor, prevent, control and treat pollution, and to minimize the impact of human activities on the environment. Students are acquainted with the chemical, biological and engineering principles that enable them to invent, design and construct engineering solutions that mitigate water, air and land pollution, including the control and management of solid and hazardous waste. Students majoring in this field must be prepared to study and solve important problems in the areas of water, air and land resources management including the observation and modelling of natural and engineered environmental systems, water resources engineering, air resources monitoring and assessment, land remediation and reclamation, and alternative and sustainable energy systems.

CAREER PROSPECTS

ENTRY REQUIREMENTS

Normal Entry

5 Ordinary Level passes including Mathematics and English language and Advanced Level passes in Mathematics and any of the following science subjects: Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Geography or their recognised equivalents. Special Entry

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Structural Engineers Municipal/Town Engineers Environmental Engineers

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Mine Safety Officers

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5 Ordinary Level passes including Mathematics and English language. A hold of at least a National Diploma in engineering or equivalent qualifications, candidates may be invited for an interview/ entrance examination.

Mature Entry Candidates must be at least 25 years for males and 23 years for females. Should have completed their full-time or college education at least five years before the start of the academic year. 5 Ordinary Level passes including Mathematics and English (or equivalents). Should have relevant work experience or relevant attainments. Candidates may be required to attend interviews and/or special tests.

COURSE SYNOPSIS Semester One Engineering Mathematics 1 (CUPE 116) 12 Credits

The course focuses on engineering mathematics, and topics covered include calculus in one variable:

Limits and continuity of functions. Leibniz’s Rule. L’Hopital’s Rule, Plane polar coordinates. Complex

Numbers: Basic Algebra. Demoivre’s theorem. Complex exponentials. Linear Algebra: Vectorial algebra in

2 and 3 dimensions. Matrices- basic operations rank, inverses. Systems of linear equations- Gauss

elimination. Eigenvalues and eigen vectors Differentiation. Functions of single and several variable:

Partial derivatives, chain rule and Applications, Lagrange multipliers. Integration, chain rule, integration

by parts, applications of integration

Introduction to Statistics (CUMT 105) 10 Credits

This course is an introduction to statistics. Topics covered include: Introduction to statistics: definition,

uses of statistics (research, business, tourism, agriculture). Probability: multiplicative law, addition law,

conditional probability, tree diagram, law of total probability. Probability distributions: random variables;

discrete, continuous. Binomial distribution, normal distribution Measures of central tendency and

dispersion: mean, median, mode; range, variance, standard deviation, standard error of the mean.

Sampling techniques: simple random, stratified, cluster, systematic. Data types, presentation, and

summarization techniques: tables, graphs, charts. Regression and correlation: regression parameters,

correlation coefficient, coefficient of determination. Simple statistical inference: hypothesis testing,

confidence intervals, t-tests and chi-square tests.

Engineering Physics (CUPY 106) 12 Credits

The course focuses on engineering physics. Topics covered include measurement and dimensional

analysis,vector analysis (components and addition), uniform motion (translational, free fall, projectile),

newton’s laws of motion (concurrent forces, friction), torque and rotational equilibrium (non-concurrent

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forces, center of gravity), power, work, and energy (kinetic and potential),impulse and momentum

(elastic and inelastic collisions), simple harmonic motion (pendulums, springs),fluid mechanics

(archimedes’, bernoulli’s),waves and sound (basic properties, doppler effect, intensity), electrostatics

(electrostatic force, induction, conduction, electric field, coulomb’s law), electric circuits (series and

parallel), magnetism (source and field),light (refraction, reflection, plane mirrors, spherical mirrors,

lenses).

Laboratory: SHM, doppler effects, projectiles, torque, electrostaic induction, coulomb's law, electric

circuits.

Computer Applications for Engineers (CUIT111) 12 Credits

This course is an introduction to basic computer applications and computer programming using C/C++

and MATLAB. Topics covered include: Introduction to computer systems; Concepts and structures for

high level programming; Elements of structured programming using "C" (Programming fundamentals,

Operators and expressions, Control Structures, Functions, Pointers, Arrays);

Assignments in a microcomputer and network environments; Numerical algorithms, such as root finding,

numerical integration and differential equations; Non-numerical algorithms for sorting and searching,

computer viruses.

Engineering Drawing (CUPE 119) 15 credits

The main objective of the course is to equip students with basic skills required in producing engineering

drawings and communication through engineering drawings. The topics covered include: Introduction to

engineering Drawing, BS 308, etc; Geometrical constructions; Blending of curves; Linkages, Locus, Ellipse,

cycloid, epicycloid, etc; Development (Prisms, cylinders, etc); Orthographic Projection (systems of

projection); Dimensioning and Tolerancing; Sections and sectional views. Isometric projection; Standard

Parts (Threading, Fasteners, etc); Assembly Drawing; Architectural and Structural Building drawings.

Laboratory: Drawing practice using drawing boards and drawing instruments.

Semester Two

Electrical and Electronic Principles (CUME ) 12 Credits

The course focuses on electrical and electronics principles and the topics covered include but are not

limited to: Fundamental concepts Circuit elements theorems: Thevenin and Norton theorems,

superposition and duality. Analysis of dc and ac single- phase circuits, phase representation of ac

quantities, complex representation of ac quantities, transients, series and parallel resonance.Power and

energy factor, Magnetic fields, electric fields, behavior of charges in Law. Permittivity, permeability.

Magnetic and dielectric materials, forces in electric and magnetic media, energy stored, Faraday’s and

Lenz laws. Motors and Generators, electrostatic generators, dry cells, accumulators. Magnetic circuits

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and flux measurement, self and mutual inductance, transformers. Introduction to three – phase circuits,

star – delta transformations, current relations, power circuit calculations. Principles of operation of

single-phase transformers. Semiconductors, primitive logic functions: NOT, AND, OR, XOR,

NAND,NOR,XNOR, Numbering systems, Binary arithmetics, Boolean algebra, Kaunaugh maps, complex

circuits from primitive logic elements, combinational circuits, state diagrams, tables and machines,

interfacing with the analogy world, IC, basic operational characteristics and parameters, TTL circuits,

practical consideration in use of TTL, CMOS circuits, comparing CMOS and TTL characteristics, interfacing

logic families, memory, IC applications, circuit board technology, technologies of the future, nano-

technology.

Laboratory: semiconductors, logic functions NOT, AND, OR, XOR, NAND, NOR, XNOR, TTL circuits, CMOS

circuits and characteristics, IC circuit boards.

Engineering Mechanics CUPE 124 12 Credits

The course focuses on engineering mechanics which is a science that describes and predicts the condition

of rest or motion of a body under the action of forces. The topics covered include: Basic concepts and

fundamental principles, Statics of particles, Statics of rigid bodies, Two and three dimensional

equilibrium. Free body diagrams, Friction, Structures, Shear forces and Bending moments in beams.

Centroid and centre of gravity, First and second moments of areas, Mass moments of inertia. Plane

Kinematics and kinetics of particles.

Engineering mechanics Laboratory: Experiments on energy, moment of inertia, friction in belts and ropes,

deflection of beams

Communication Skills (CUACE 101) 12 Credits

This course is designed to introduce students to written and oral communications in Engineering. The

course covers the following: The process of communication, communication models, nonverbal

communication and impression management, communication networks and impression management,

communication networks in organisations, computer mediated communication platforms; conflict

management and resolution strategies, negotiation. Communication for academic purposes, academic

writing, critical thinking skills, referencing and plagiarism. Business writing skills: memos, reports,

proposals, circulars, press releases and plain English in Corporate communication. Technical

communication: presentation of scientific and technical information: Tables, graphs, charts, visuals,

models and pictorials. Technical and scientific reports and proposals. Development communication:

concepts and approaches, communication media in rural communities, communication reception,

persuasive communication, communication and leadership.

Engineering Mathematics II (CUPE 117) 12 Credits

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The course focuses on calculus of several variables and integration. The topics covered include: Calculus

of several variable: polar coordinates, hyperbolic functions, exponential functions, logarithmic functions,

limits. Complex variables: complex functions, limits, continuity, differentiability. Infinite series: sequence,

limits. Test for convergence: comparison test, Ratio test and Integral test for non-negative series. Vector

differential calculus (Grad, Div, Curl): Vector algebra in 2 and 3 D space, Inner product (dot) vector

product (cross), Vector and scalar fields. Derivatives, Curves, Tangents. Arc length, Velocity and

acceleration, Gradient of a scalar field. Directional derivative. Divergence and curl of a vector field. Vector

integral calculus: Line integrals, Double integrals, Green’s theorem in the plane, Triple integrals

divergence theorem of Gauss, Surface integrals, Stoke’s Theorem. Complex analysis: Complex numbers,

Limit. Derivative. Analytical Function, Cauchy-Riemann Equations, Trigonometric, hyperbolic, logarithmic

and exponential function. Complex integration: Line integral in the complex plane, Integration methods,

Cauchy integral theorem, Derivatives of analytical functions, Power, Taylor, Laurent series, Residue

Integration method

Introduction to Manufacturing Processes (CUPE ) 15 credits

This is an introductory course which aims to establish relevant technical knowledge which students shall

use for selecting, designing and planning of manufacturing processes and systems. The topics covered

include: Basic physical and mechanical properties of metals, polymers, ceramics and composites,

behaviors, and failure modes and their relevance to manufacturing processes, Heat treatment methods

for metals, Precision manufacturing: standards of accuracy, tolerances, limits and fits, surface finishes,

Machining process: drilling, turning, grinding, Metal forming processes: forging, bending, rolling, Metal

joining processes: soldering, brazing, riveting, welding.

Practicals: Drills in First Aid and Fire-Fighting, Product designing and development, Process planning,

Heat treatment, Machining, Metal casting/Powder metallurgy/sintering, Fabrication and joining.

Semester Three

Principles of Environmental Engineering (CUEE111) 12 Credits

This course addresses the wide range of environmental engineering fundamentals including the place of

environmental engineering in engineering and science education, judgment and ethical analysis,

illustrating with some current case studies. Topics include: Definition of the Environment; Current global

environmental issues such water and wastewater, air pollution, noise, solid and hazardous wastes,

climate change, and long range air transport, Air quality, indoor air quality, radon mitigation, air

pollution; Material balances: conservative and reactive species, energy balance, Population growth,

energy use, and resource consumption, Ecosystems; Hydrological cycle and water availability, measures

of water quality, Stream modeling and oxygen demand, groundwater, Water treatment, physicochemical

processes, wastewater management and treatment, Biological treatment processes and residuals

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management, Point sources and dispersion of air pollutants, Solid waste management, recycling, material

recovery. Soil and groundwater remediation, Environmental risk assessment, human exposure

assessment, bioaccumulation, cancer risk assessment, Emerging issues in environmental engineering

Field based project to design technical solutions to development environmental problems; Pollution,

deforestation etc

Engineering Design Principles CUPE 125 15 credits

The course focuses on the design process. The topics covered include: Introduction to Principles of

engineering design, Types of design, Basic Creative Problem-solving techniques, the Design Activity,

Morphology of design, Design for Manufacture, assembly, cost etc. Concurrent Engineering, Quality

Function deployment, Robust design. Taguchi method, Decision making, Product life cycle, Service life and

reliability, Materials selection, Standardization, Engineering report, Design evaluation, value Engineering,

analysis and selection of component production processes. Ergonomics

Graphics Laboratory: Engineering Drawing using the computer. Introduction to CAD, Applications and

advantages of CAD, the CAD environment, Drawing in 2D: draw, modify, dimensioning, Isometric

Drawing, blocks, layers, 3D drawing: 3 D wire-frame, surface and solid modelling. using the building

blocks. 3D modifying commands.

Engineering Mathematics III (CUPE 216) 12 Credits

The course focuses on Numerical Methods. The topics covered include: Optimization of one dimensional

functions, multidimensional unconstrained optimization, gradient methods, non-linear constrained

optimization: Method of Lagrange, Kuhn-Turker conditions. Numerical solutions of ordinary differential

equations, Euler, Taylor and Runge- Kutta methods. Fourier Transform and its inverse: Fourier transform

properties, convolution theorem, application to BVP problems and to integral equations. The Laplace

transform: its properties and applications.

Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics (CUAE 226) 12 Credits

Basic fundamental properties of fluids, pressure measurement, hydrostatic forces on surfaces, buoyancy

and floatation, kinematics and dynamics of fluids, Classification of Flows, Flow through pipelines and pipe

systems, Open channels, Steady non-uniform flow in open channels, Dimensional analysis and similarity,

equivalent pipe concept; surface flow; flow measurement, flow through orifices and mouthpieces, Darcy-

Weisbach, Hazen Williams, Scobey formulae; notches and weirs and open channels,; loss of energy in

pipelines and pipeline networks; economical sections for maximum flows.

Laboratory: Experiments of fluid friction, air flow, pressure, stability of floating bodies.

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Environmental Chemistry (CUES117) 12 Credits

This course introduces students to the study of the sources, reactions, transport, fate and effects of

chemical species in the physical environment. Areas covered chemical processes in eutrophication of

water supplies, photochemical smog, the greenhouse effect, stratospheric ozone depletion, acid rain,

global warming, pesticide contamination, physico-chemical parameters that affect water quality,

including dissolved gases, acidity, water hardness, phosphate and nitrate. The principles of

environmental sampling and analysis including the importance and practice of quality assurance and

quality control (QA/QC) are also discussed.

Laboratory; Experiments for air samples, Experiments for water samples, Experiments for hazardous

waste, Experiments for sediment and soil samples, Wet experiments, Fate and transport calculations

Semester Four

Environmental Biology (CUEE203) 12 Credits

This is an introductory course to aquatic ecology, biodiversity, molecular biology and microbiology. Areas

covered include basics concepts in microbiology and their application in environmental engineering.

Microbial classification, growth and nutrition. Influence of environment on growth including

measurement of growth, DNA structure and replication, protein synthesis. Energy mechanism in

microbial metabolism. Examination and evaluation of the effects of microorganisms in water and

wastewater. Microscopes, microbial staining and pure culture techniques, nutritional requirements

cultivation and growth. Introduction to aquatic ecosystems. Principles of aquatic ecology that relate to

causes and effects of water quality problems in lakes and streams. Aquatic ecosystem functioning,

Diversity in inland aquatic environments, Physical processes in flowing waters, Estuaries and coastal

habitats, Monitoring and management of aquatic ecosystems. Population growth kinetics, nutrient

cycling, eutrophication; acidification, oxygen/temperature requirements, and effects of various wastes on

aquatic organisms.

Laboratory: Clean water analysis by standard methods, Microbial ecology of composting, Microbial

biodegradation of petroleum, Determination of terminal electron accepting processes in sediments,

Competition between anaerobes in a wastewater treatment plant: the impact of sulphate reducers on

methane production

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Engineering Materials (CUPE 127) 12 Credits

The course aims to give the student a broad introduction to the structure of engineering materials and to

make the student understand how the fundamental structural characteristics govern the properties and

behaviour of these materials. Topics include: Introduction to common engineering materials such as steel,

cement and concrete, timber, aluminum, copper, plastics. Atomic Structure and Inter Atomic Bonding,

Crystalline Structure of Solids, Imperfections in Solids, Physical and Mechanical Properties of Metals,

Plastic Deformation of Crystalline Materials, Phase Diagrams of Metals and Alloys, Thermal Processing of

Metals and Alloys, Production, properties and Application of Steels Production, properties and

Application of some Non- Ferrous metals and Alloys, Production, properties and Application of polymers,

Production, properties and Application of Reinforced Polymers, Production, properties and Applications

of Ceramics.

Laboratory: Tensile testing, Impact testing, Charpy and Izod tests, hardness testing, fatigue testing, creep

testing

Theory & Design of Structures (CUEE201) 12 Credits

This course provides the students with an understanding of the basic concepts of engineering mechanics

applicable to civil engineering. Topics include: Analysis of statically determinate beams, trusses and

cables, such as steel and reinforced concrete beams. Hydrostatics. Earth pressures, dynamics of simple

structural systems and fluids. Topics in structural analysis related to statistically indeterminate

structures. Moment distribution methods. Three moment equations. Plastic analysis of structures.

Introduction to stiffness and flexibility coefficients; matrix formulation and computer programming to

solve indeterminate structures such as trusses, continuous beams and tall building frames. Design of

simple structures such as housing, bridges, small factories, reactors

Laboratory: Beam and truss deflection, Two hinged arch horizontal thrust determination, Stress strain

and deflection measurement for a portal frame, Moment area theorem verification, Influence line

verification experiment and Truss bridge model creation and factor of safety analysis.

Environmental Law, Policy and Economics (CUEE304) 12 Credits

This course is an introduction to environmental law and policy, topics include: sources of law and

environmental law; the administrative process: the judicial system, courts of law and their jurisdiction,

interpretation of laws; multilateral environmental laws (conventions, treaties, agreements and

protocols); national environmental laws (including by-laws); Basic concepts of economics, general and

human resources management, professional practice; Socio-economic and crosscutting issues in

Development: MDG’s, gender, HIV etc

Course project on the application and enforcement implications of environmental regulations on local

urban expansion projects.

Engineering Hydrology (CUEE204) 12 Credits

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This is a fundamental course which focuses on the origins of hydrology, hydrological processes and their

applications in engineering. Topics include the Hydrological cycle; the water balance; precipitation types,

measurement, regionalization; evaporation and transpiration; snow and snowmelt; infiltration;

subsurface water; well hydraulics; stream flow; Frequency analysis: probability theory in hydrology,

hydrological forecasting, return periods, maximum probable events, extreme value distributions: floods

and droughts risk analysis; streamflow measurement, rating curves; hydrograph characterization and

component separation techniques; unit hydrograph and S-curve analysis of flood flows; river and

reservoir routing techniques; Introduction to geohydrology: Unsaturated zone: soil moisture, infiltration,

infiltration models, measurement; Saturated zone: occurrence of groundwater in aquifers, groundwater

flow, wells, boreholes

Laboratory; Hydrologic Cycle & Water Balance-Hydrologic cycle, Water Balance, Precipitation,

Evaporation & Trnaspiration, Evaporation, Evapotranspirtaion, Infiltration, Rainfall-runoff relationship,

Stage Hydrographs, Development of an I-D-F curve, Frequency Analysis

Determination of Soil Hydraulic Characteristics- Application of Darcy’s Law, Steady confined radial flow

toward a well , Steady unconfined radial flow toward a well

Labs Related to Stormwater Drainage Design- discharge estimation, Stormwater drainage system design –

A ,Stormwater drainage system design – B

Semester Five

Engineering Survey (CUAE 227) 12 Credits

This course introduces the student to the theory and practice of Engineering Survey and

photogrammetry. Topics include: Basic surveying, Types and classes of surveys, Distance and units

measurements, Accuracy, precision and mistakes, Tape measurements, Dumpy level, Theory of

differential leveling, Leveling procedures, Benchmark leveling, Theodolites, Traverse surveys, open and

closed traverses, Topographic maps and mapping, Maps orientation, Interpolating contour lines.

Coordinate systems; The Universal Transverse Mercator Grids, Global Position System (GPS), GPS

surveying techniques, Collecting and processing GPS data, GPS applications.

Laboratory work on Determination of constant of Tacheometer, Determination of elevation of point by

Tacheometric surveying, Determination of elevation of point and horizontal distance between them by

Tacheometric survey, Determination of gradient of given length if road by Tacheometric survey, Setting

out of simple circular curve by offset from chord produced Method,Setting out of simple circular curve by

Rankine method of tangential Angle, Setting out of simple transition curve by tangential angle method,

Study of stereoscope and,

SURVEY CAMP (On any of the following topics)

1) Road Project.

2) Irrigation Project.

3) Water Supply Project

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Geotechnical Engineering (CUEE205) 12 Credits

This course is intended to give students a basic understanding of the theoretical and empirical principles

of geotechnical Engineering (soil/rock mechanics). Topics covered include: Basic physical properties of

soils: Soil types and functions, clay mineralogy, soil structure; index properties; grain size and visual

identification; consistency limits; organic content; classification; compaction; capillarity; shrinkage and

swelling. Soil-Water-Electrolyte Interactions and Chemical Effects on Soil Properties Lateral earth

pressures and earth retaining structures; bearing capacity of shallow foundations, stability of natural

slopes and earth embankments. Rock exploration, laboratory and in-situ testing; deformation and

strength; failure criteria; stresses in rock; elementary principles of design of underground openings;

Applications of soil mechanics theory to bearing capacity, settlement, and stability evaluation; design of

foundations, retaining structures, embankments, and excavations; geotechnical explorations and

reporting; Introduction to basic geology.

Laboratory; Specific gravity of the soil using pycnometer, Grain size distribution of the soils by sieve

analysis, atterberg limits and indices, determination of coefficient of permeability of the soil by constant

head method and falling head method, Determination of field density of soils by; core cutter method and

sand replacement method, compaction test,

Unconfined compressive strength of soil, direct shear test, shear test, impact test, los angeles abrasion

test, shape test( flakiness index) , shape test( elongation index) , penetration test , specific gravity test for

bitumen , softening point of bitumen , ductility test , california bearing test

Foundation design project based on site laboratory tests.

Environmental Pollution and Control (CUEE 306) 12 Credits

This course explores various forms of pollution, including radiation, air, water, land and noise pollution

control technologies. Topics include: Noise Pollution, Characteristics; Sources, their Effects and Control

Measures; Air quality: Monitoring Techniques, Indoor & Outdoor (Industrial and Vehicular Emissions) Air

Quality Assessment; Dispersion Model; Air Pollution Control Techniques for particulate and gaseous

contaminants, control for moving sources. Air Pollution Laws and Regulations. Global agreements on

Ozone depletion, Acid rain, global warming (e.g. Kyoto, COP Mechanisms), radiation and its effects,

legislative frameworks. concepts in designing, evaluating, and operating wastes storage, collection, and

disposal systems; waste reduction, resource recovery, incineration and land disposal methods; hazardous

wastes engineering; legal, political, and administrative considerations. Topics include: Types of wastes;

Engineering aspects of solid waste management, engineering design and operational aspects of the

control of generation, storage, collection, transfer and transport, processing and disposal of solid and

hazardous wastes. Natural attenuation sites. EMA regulation on waste disposal and management:

Implications of regulations on engineering design and geotechnical engineering, Design and function of

municipal landfills. Design and functions of hazardous waste containment and disposal technologies.

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Field based term project on a local sanitary landfill site to come up with the environmental impact

assessment and remediation options for urban waste landfill facilities.

Hydraulic Structures and the Environment (CUEE 301) 12 Credits

This course introduces students to hydraulic structures and their role in environmental engineering

designs. Topics include: introduction to water structures such as dams and reservoirs, irrigation schemes,

tanks, pipelines; Storage, Diversion, Conveyance and Distribution structures; Design of storage

structures: Gravity dams, Concrete dam, Embankment dams, Earth and rockfill dams: Types of spillway

and flow characteristics; Types of energy dissipaters; Flood routing through spillways; Diversion

structures: Barrages and weirs, Barrage components: Glacis, Rigid and Flexible aprons. Distribution

structures for conveying water from canals to irrigation fields. Guide bunds for flow control of rivers;

Principal components of a hydropower stations: Intakes and Trash racks, Water conductor system,

Tunnels, Surge tanks, Penstocks, Anchor blocks. Turbines, foundation. Structures for prevention of

riverbank and coastal erosion.

Laboratory ; Miniature dam/drainage basin model design and construction

Environmental Impact Assessment & Environmental Management Systems (CUEE 307)

12 Credits

This course provides an overview of the concepts, methods, issues and various forms and steps of the EIA

process as a vital tool for sound environmental management and decision-making. It examines the

relevance and development of EIA policy and regulations at global and local level. It mainly draws on case

studies of EIA policy implementation in both developed and developing countries. Different levels and

systems of EIA are examined to highlight the diversity of approach and impact of the EIA process in

enhancing sustainable development. Topics include: History and development of EIA; legal framework for

EIA globally and in Zimbabwe, EIA procedures, scoping, impact identification, prediction and analysis,

developing environmental management plans, mitigation measures, implementation, monitoring and

auditing. The course dovetails into the principles and practice of Environmental management systems as

a critical component of the EIA’s Environmental Management plan. The link between EIA and EMS in

environmental management is established and the requirements and implementation of EMS and ISO

14001 within the organizational environmental management framework is discussed.

Term project to evaluate the environmental impact assessment process on selected local development

projects.

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Semester Six

Engineering Research Methods CUPE 305 12 Credits

The course focuses on research methods which the engineer needs to conduct research.The topics

covered include: Definition of research, objectives and motives, Research framework, design, Research

problem; nature characteristics, possible sources and significance, development and statement of

problem, research questions and hypothesis, literature review, Experimental Research: Definition, exp

planning and design, measurements, types of measurement. Exp data acquisition and processing: Data

acquisition systems, Data storage and display, data analysis. Population and sampling methods, research

methods and instruments, data processing and analysis, descriptive statistics, inferential statistics:

normal distribution curve, point estimation and confidence interval, hypothesis testing, chi-square

statistics, goodness – of – fit, analysis of variance (ANOVA) data presentation and interpretation. Research

ethics, Report writing

Practical: Development of a research problem. Use of different software to analyse data

Introduction to Environmental Process Technology (CUEE 312) 12 Credits

The course focuses on environmental process technologies and the topics include: Mass Balance Analysis;

Mass Transport and Transfer; Chemical Kinetics: Equilibrium thermodynamics and Chemical Kinetics;

Chemical Kinetics; Kinetics: rate equations; Microbial Growth: Role of enzymes; Stoichiometric aspects;

Microbial growth; Product formation; Ideal Reactor Models: Reactor types; Conversion in ideal reactors;

Non-ideal Reactor Models: Residence time distribution; Experimental determination of residence time

distribution; Application of residence time distribution analysis; Dispersed plug flow model; Suspended

Growth: Suspended growth in a batch reactor; Suspended growth in a chemostat (CFST reactor);

Maximizing substrate removal and biomass production; Suspended growth in a recycle CFST reactor;

Suspended growth in a plug flow reactor; Modelling the Activated Sludge Process: Activated Sludge

Process; IWA Activated sludge process.

Laboratory; Design a reactor of choice for given scenarios.

Green Building (CUEE 315) 12 Credits

This course aims to consider a building's total economic and environmental impact and performance,

from material extraction and product manufacture to product transportation building design and

construction, operations and maintenance, and building reuse or disposal. Topics to be covered include:

The economics of green buildings, Environmentally and Economically balanced building materials. Pre-

Design: Specification of environmentally responsive design procedures prior to design inception.

Sustainable Site Management: Preservation of site resources and conservation of energy and materials in

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construction and building operations. Building Design: Environmental considerations during the

construction process: Environmental conditions for building operation and maintenance:

Laboratory: Design and construction of a model green city/structure.

Water Supply Engineering (CUEE 308) 12 Credits

This course introduces students to the basics of planning, hydraulic- and engineering design,

construction, operation and maintenance of water transport and distribution systems. Topics include:

components of water transport and distribution systems. Water Demand, Hydraulics of Pressurised

Flows, Hydraulics of storage and pumps. Hydraulics Design parameters, choice of supply scheme,

network layouts. Engineering design: Choice of pipe materials, valves and other equipment. Pumps and

Mechanical Equipment: Network construction: Operation and Maintenance: Leakage control and asset

management, Theory of Hydraulic Modelling: Methods of reliability assessment, optimisation models.

Computer-aided Design: Monitoring and control of water quality in distribution networks, corrosion

forms and remedies, bio-film formation and control, optimal water composition. Modelling of chlorine

residuals, water age and mixing, GIS applications. Asset Management: Water Hammer in Pressure

Conduits: Influence of pipeline characteristics on valve and pump operation, surge tanks and air vessels.

the main unit processes of conventional surface water treatment. Theory of coagulation and flocculation

processes; Hydrodynamic principles of sedimentation and flotation, Design of a rectangular horizontal

sedimentation tank; Dissolved air flotation; Filtration: General introduction to various types of filtration

systems, Design aspects of the different filtration types; Disinfection; Adsorption; Activated carbon:

Granular and powdered activated carbon, modelling and design; Principles of chemical softening and

sludge blanket softening; design and operation of pellet-softening and membrane softening plants; Ion

exchange resins; Process modelling: Identification of model structure and parameters; integrated

hydraulic, water quality models; use of the Stimela model for the design of drinking water plants.

Operation & Maintenance of Water Treatment Plants; Quality Control; Rehabilitation of Water Treatment

Plants: execution of plant performance studies, proposals for process and plant improvement.

Laboratory;Water tests to determine COD, BOD, Total nitrogen, Total phosphorous, sedimentation tests,

Field based term project on operation and maintenance of an urban water supply system.

Stormwater and Wastewater Engineering (CUEE...) 12 Credits

This course aims at providing an explanation of the elements and processes involved in the urban

drainage systems and a recommendation of appropriate application and also to address the quantity,

complexity and diversity of wastewater treatment systems. Topics include: Introduction to urban

drainage and sewerage and Types of drainage and sewer systems; Rainfall characteristics and urban flood

management; Storm water drainage systems; Design and implementation of flow surveys; Inflow and

infiltration; Rehabilitation of drainage assets; Wet weather flows quantitative characterization;

Sewerage layout and design; Dry and wet weather flows quantitative characterization and

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exercise; Conventional sewer design exercise; Hydraulics of urban drainage and sewerage; Pumping

stations; Data acquisition for urban drainage and sewerage studies; complexity and diversity of

wastewater treatment systems and includes: Primary Treatment; Trickling Filters; Natural Systems for

Wastewater Management; Anaerobic Systems; Stabilization Ponds; Aquaculture; Macrophyte Ponds;

Constructed Wetlands; Onsite/ecological Sanitation; Sustainable Sanitation concepts; Sludge Treatment

and Disposal; Technology Selection; Nutrient Cycles; Wastewater Reuse Options; Effluent and Irrigation

Guidelines; Engineering process lay-outs and flow diagrams; Hydraulic design; Design and engineering of

activated sludge and anaerobic systems, Design and engineering of onsite sanitation systems; Design and

engineering of land-based systems, Technology selection.

Laboratory;Jar tests,Residual chlorine tests, PH tests,Flow measurement and a term project on data

acquisition and design of urban drainage/sewage system.

Semesters Seven and Eight

Industrial Attachment CUEE 481 50 Credits

The Industrial attachment is designed to expose the student to the working environment through

attachment to an organisation for a minimum period of eight months. The student will be exposed to non-

technical and technical aspects of engineering practice, and is expected to develop both hard and soft

skills in the working context, i.e. the ability to combine theory and practise to solve engineering problems,

a positive working attitude, initiative and creativity, interpersonal relationships, communication skills,

teamwork, and ability to address other social and ethical issues. This will be evaluated through a

Continuous assessment of the student by the industrial supervisor through a daily log book kept by the

student which is then compiled into a consolidated monthly activity report for the academic supervisor,

who will also visit the student’s place of attachment at least twice to carry out a secondary evaluation.

Industrial Attachment CUEE 482 70 Credits

This component of the industrial attachment requires students to identify a particular problem within the

context of the organisation and then carry out industry based research to solve the problem. The project

may be design based, experimental, or computational, but it should relate to the organisation or the

sectoral context in which the organisation the student is attached to operates and should be of a practical

nature. Emphasis should be on critical thinking, innovation and optimisation of existing systems. A

detailed project report is produced, including design drawings and other necessary attachments that

highlight how the problem is solved.

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Semester Nine

Design and Make Project (CUEE 413) 30 Credits

The Design and Make Project shall span over a period of two Semesters beginning Semester 9.

This course is designed to give the student the ability to apply knowledge and understanding of the

scientific and mathematical principles of environmental engineering to design and make a prototype that

solves a specific environmental engineering problem e.g. design testing and operation of a bioreactor to

achieve a certain purpose. The student should be able to select and apply relevant analytical and

modelling methods and conduct literature searches to design and conduct appropriate experiments to

achieve a final product. They are expected to demonstrate workshop and laboratory skills and an

understanding of the accompanying SHE, social and ethical issues. This is a group project in which the

students are trained to function effectively both as an individual and within the team. The ability to

communicate effectively the design and functionality of the product through a technical report,

demonstration and oral defence forms the basis of the assessment.

Research Project (CUEE 416) 30 Credits

The Research project shall span over a period of two Semesters beginning in Semester 9.

Students should identify environmental engineering related problems affecting the nation; in industry or

society and through a research methodology provide a logical solution to such. The project may be design,

experimental, theoretical, computational or practical in nature. Prototypes may be required to prove the

concept. Emphasis should be on critical and creative thinking; the student should be able to apply the

skills developed over five years. A technical report and oral defences form the basis of the student

assessments.

Technopreneurship CUPE 425 12 Credits

The course prepares the students to identify and exploit business opportunities in the engineering sector.

The topics covered include: Nature and characteristics of technopreneurship application of engineering in

business. Creativity and innovation, Business plan, business proposal, project proposal, contracts,

Product life cycle, market inception, Forms of business organisations, Market and competitive analysis,

Marketing Strategy: Route to market entry: new start up, buying existing business, franchising, Product

protection: patents, trademarks, copyrights. Financial Management, valuation and forecasting, Fund

raising and the financial markets, winning negotiations, managing growth and growing global, Effective

presentations.

Practical: Project proposal, development of license/ contracts

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GIS, Remote Sensing and Environmental Modelling (CUEE 501) 15 Credits

This course illustrates the fundamental concepts of GIS and remote sensing technologies in the context of

environmental engineering and modelling. Topics include: Environmental challenges; the environment as

a dynamic system; nature and purpose of environmental modelling; GIS as a data source/input for

environmental modelling: GIS data structures, map projections and coordinate systems, processing of

digital geographic information, creation of digital elevation models, visualisation, mapping of

environmental features, digitisation, terrain analysis for environmental modelling, data mining, typology

of environmental models; application of ecological models in environmental management (Water control

pollution models, models of disposal of solid wastes and air pollution models).

Laboratory; Spatial Modeling,GIS / Model Integration, Vector-based Modeling, Regression Analysis

(Linear and Logistic), Geoprocessing Model Evaluation, Raster-based Modeling, Map Algebra Surface

Modeling, Hydrological Modeling Suitability Analysis, LULC Temporal-Spatial Change, Sensitivity Analysis

3D Visualization and Modeling Climate Modeling

Ecological Engineering (CUEE ...) 15 Credits

The objectives of this course are to introduce the philosophy and principles of industrial ecology and

provide tools to study the impacts in different technology implementations. Topics include: ecological

engineering from definitions, classification, and practice, ecological ecosystems, ecosystem restoration,

and the utilization of natural processes to provide societal services and benefits to nature. Industrial

ecology framework, fundamentals of ecology, food webs and industrial ecoparks; biomimicry, systems

analysis of material and energy flows, industrial metabolism, fluxes of toxic heavy metals, material flow

analysis, plant derived chemicals/ biobased materials. Eco-design approaches.

Practicals; Product Lifecycle Assessment. Design for Recycling/ Reuse. Inverse manufacturing. Case

Studies and term project on the effects of pollution on the surrounding ecology.

Mining and the Environment (CUEE ...) 12 Credits

Introduction to mining and the environment: Definitions and Basic Geology, Types of Deposits,

Exploration Methods. Mining methods: Open Pit, Underground Mining, Operations and Equipment.

Mineral processing and refining: Chemical Interlude, Comminution, Flotation, Smelting, Hydrometallurgy,

Physical Separation, Non-Metallic; Mine waste management and disposal: Streams and Disposal, Tailings

Dam Incidents, Treatment Methods; Mining economics, Products, Prices, Resources, Reserves and

Reporting; Legal framework: EIAs in mining; Impacts associated with the different phases of the mining

lifecycle and the various mining techniques, Mitigating and managing environmental impacts,

Environmental management plans.

Practical; Design of a model mine with onsite waste treatment facilities

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Industrial Wastewater Treatment and Design (CUEE...) 15 Credits

This course gives introduces the student to more advanced chemical, physical, and biological processes

accompanying the treatment of wastewater from various industrial processes. Case studies of meeting

water quality standards for certain specific industrial contexts will be used for illustration. Topics

include: environmental regulations of plant effluent discharge, the role of physical, chemical, and

biological processes in wastewater treatment plant design, industrial wastewater characteristics, metal

finishing processing, regulation and monitoring, chemical feed systems/chemical handling, equalization,

pH adjustments/neutralization, metal hydroxide precipitation, coagulation/flocculation/clarification,

neutralization and metals removal, red-ox chemistry, chromium treatment, cyanide treatment, complexes

and chelants, other metal precipitation, granular media filtration, water treatment requirements for

boilers and cooling towers, COD and BOD reduction and nutrient removal, appropriate aerobic and

anaerobic processes for biological wastewater treatment, membrane technologies, ion exchange, reverse

osmosis, ultrafiltration, and chemical neutralization, VOC containment and sludge treatment and sludge

dewatering. Emerging technologies.

Practicals; Design of a wastewater treatment plant

Socio-Economics of Water and Environmental Resources (CUEE 505) 15 Credits

The aim of the course is to introduce students to key socio-economic issues related to water and

environmental management and development. It covers: Society/ Culture and environmental

management: Definition and theories of society and culture; Links between society, culture and

environmental management; Gender and water/environmental engineering; Marginalised groups and

water/environmental engineering; Natural Disasters and Water Scarcity; Water Management:

Institutions; stakeholder participation; Water Economics: water as an economic good; costs and benefits;

Water valuation and investment appraisal: Water Demand Management and Water Allocation; Inter-

sectoral competition; models for allocation (partial equilibrium, linear programming); Water

Privatisation

Practicals; Term project on the feasibility study of water resources conservation-Water rationing,Waste

water recycling and reuse etc

Water Quality Management (CUEE ...) 15 Credits

Water quality and monitoring: natural water quality and water pollution; designing and optimization of

water quality monitoring programmes; groundwater quality monitoring. Data analysis and presentation:

statistics; regression analysis; presentation of data. Aquatic ecotoxicology: Water quality modelling:

definitions and concepts; mathematical backgrounds; modelling BOD/DO in a river system using the

SOBEK model. integrative environmental monitoring. Environmental Information Management using e.g.

GIS and DSS. Fieldwork water quality monitoring: water and sediment sampling; storage and

preservation methods; field measurements.

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Laboratory: Excursion in the field of water quality monitoring and/or modelling.

Semester Ten

Design and Make Project (CUEE ...) 30 Credits

Final assessment of Design and Make project which was started in Semester 9.

Research Project (CUEE ...) 30 Credits

Final assessment of the project which was started in Semester 9

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Project Management (CUEE ...) 15 Credits

This course develops a foundation of concepts and solutions that supports the planning, scheduling,

controlling, resource allocation, and performance measurement activities required for successful

completion of a project. Topics include: History of Project Management, feasibility studies, Contracts

management, procurement, bill of quantities, process cycles, network analysis: critical path method, Gantt

charts; project teams; projects schedules; project budgets; projects tracking and control: monitoring and

evaluation: risk management, quality management; project reports; projects commissioning and close

out.

Sustainable Energy Technology (CUEE ...) 15 Credits

This course expands on knowledge of sustainable energy technologies. Topics include: Conventional

energy and population growth, sustainability. Energy technology, renewable energy in a sustainable

future, the physics and science behind climate change, and why renewable energy is necessary for the

future. The types of renewable energy and technology studied include: wind energy, solar (thermal and

photovoltaic), hydro-electric, bio-energy, tidal power, wave energy, geothermal energy, ocean thermal,

fuel cells, heat pump systems, and high voltage DC energy transport.

Practical; design and construction of a sustainable energy model plant.

Mine Closure & Reclamation (CUEE ...) 15 Credits

The course explores recommended procedures for safe and sustainable mine closure. Covers topics such

as: Introduction and Basic Concepts: Laws, Regulations and Standards for Mine Closure; Sustainable

Mining approaches: Mine Closure Phases, Mine closure Planning, Design and Implementation; Post-

mining land uses; Financing Mine Closure: The Engineering of Mine Closure: Acid mine drainage control,

reforestation, mine tailings reclamation, landscaping, shaft filling and phytoremediation techniques.

Surface Reclamation Techniques; Implementation and Performance standards of mine closure and

reclamation plans.; Social Issues of Mine Closure: Common Mistakes of Mine Closure: Money and Laws,

Sustainability

Laboratory: group design of a safe and sustainable mine closure project.

Water and wastewater Systems Design (CUEE ...) 15 Credits

This course will take the student through the design of the hydraulic, engineering and construction

management aspects of water and wastewater treatment systems through a design exercise. Activities

include: Selecting the most suitable and cost-effective wastewater treatment process technology to treat

certain water/wastewater stream given its composition and characteristics and taking into account the

required effluent standards; Carrying out a preliminary design of a water/wastewater treatment system

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including the engineering process lay-out, hydraulic profile and process flow-diagram (PFD); Identifying

and estimating the construction, operational and maintenance costs of a wastewater treatment plant and

the investments required to secure its satisfactory operation throughout the expected life-span of the

system; and, Describing the main elements and components involved in the project planning, project

management, and project administration for the design, engineering, construction, start-up and operation

of a wastewater treatment plant.

Laboratory; design of a portable water /wastewater treatment plant.

Environmental Nanotechnology (CUEE ...) 15 Credits

The course explores current impact of nanotechnology on the environment as well as the use of

nanotechnology in solving environmental engineering problems in areas such as water and water

treatment. Topics include: An introduction to nanotechnology and its various applications, Introduction

to basic methods and principles used by engineers; Environmental Benefit of Nanotechnology;

Applications of Nanotechnology to Water Pollution Control: Sensors & Remediation; Membranes;

Adsorbents; Nanoparticles in Water: Characterization; The DLVO Theory; The Classic Filtration Theory;

Environmental Risks of Nanotechnology; Nanoparticles in Hydrologic Pathways; Fate and Transport of

Nanoparticles in Atmosphere and Surface Runoff; Groundwater; and The Vadose Zone

Environmental Toxicology (CUEE ...) 15 Credits

This course serves as an introduction to the chemical nature and reactions of toxic substances; their

origins and uses; and aspects of exposure, transformation and elimination. It is meant to equip the

student with problem solving skills and to demonstrate principles of toxicology; quantitative dose-

response relationship; toxicant-target (receptor) interaction emphasizing interspecies differences in Ah

receptor and dioxins; complete in vivo metabolism of xenobiotics by mammalian systems: integration of

organ responses to toxic agents. Fundamental toxicological concepts will be covered including

dose‐response relationships, absorption of toxicants, distribution and storage of toxicants,

biotransformation and elimination of toxicants, target organ toxicity and teratogenesis, mutagenesis,

carcinogenesis and risk assessment. The course will include an overview of chemodynamics of

contaminants in the environment including fate and transport. The course will examine chemicals of

environmental interest and how they are tested and regulated. Case studies and special topics will be

critically reviewed.

Laboratory; Toxicity testing and chemical analysis., Water quality testing; water quality indicators

including dissolved oxygen, conductivity and alkalinity., SectionsUV-visible spectroscopy for

environmental analysis. Determination of anions (eg nitrate, phosphate) and cations using UV visible

methods. Introduction to infra-red spectroscopy. Quantitative analysis of metals in environmental

samples; methods for toxic elements including Cr, Pb, Cd and Hg. Chromatography in environmental

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analysis. Gas chromatography (GC). High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Mass spectrometry

in environmental analysis. Ion chromatography for inorganic anions

Aquatic Ecology (CUEE ...) 15 Credits

This course explores principles of aquatic ecology that relate to causes and effects of water quality

problems in lakes and streams. Topics include: Population growth kinetics, nutrient cycling,

eutrophication; acidification, oxygen/temperature requirements, and effects of various wastes on aquatic

animals; Aquatic ecosystem functioning, Diversity in inland aquatic environments, Physical processes in

flowing waters, Estuaries and coastal habitats, Monitoring and management of aquatic ecosystems.

Practical; Term project on eutrophication in a local river or aquatic ecology population kinetics in a

polluted water body.

Computer Aided Design of Structures (CUEE ...) 15 Credits

The course aims to teach computer aided design (PROKON and Civil Designer) for both steel and concrete

structures. The initial building design stages have phenomenal effects on many aspects of building,

including the structural form, the mechanical and electrical services, the construction planning, and the

overall cost of the project hence the need to equip students with an accurate method of building design to

reduce costs. In this course students will learn how to design the entire structural elements of structures

using different software.

Laboratory; Term project on the design of a concrete/steel structure using any one of the design software

taught in the course.