dental caries indices

7/28/2019 Dental Caries Indices

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GOOD MORNING


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s x years o c ren na school at

Bangalore city

Shankar S, Naveen N

Kruthika M

Vinay S

Hidayathulla Shaikh

Indian Journal of Dental Research, 23(2), 2012


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DENTAL CARIES

Major public oral health problem

Need to reduce the prevalence

multifactorial disease

Diagnosis complicated for initial lesion

If identified at earlier stages prevalence can be substantially

reduced


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LORD KELVIN


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Definition

A numerical value describing the relative status of a

population on a graduated scale with definite upper and

lower limits, which is designed to permit and facilitate

comparison with other populations classified by the same

criteria and methods.

Russel A.L.


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Ideal properties of index:

1. Clarity, simplicity & objectivity

2. Validity

3. Reliability4. Quantifiability

5. sensitivity

6. Acceptability

Reasonably easy

to applyMeasure what is intended to

measureMeasure consistently

Amenable to statistical analysis

Detect small shifts

Not painful & demeaning to

the subject


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Can be applied to whole teeth (DMFT) or to surfaces (DMFS)

DMFT:

Purpose: To determine total dental caries experience, past &

present

Based on 28 teeth

Third molars excluded

Unerupted teeth

Congenitally missing & supernumerary teeth

Teeth removed for reasons other than dental caries

Teeth restored for reasons other than dental caries


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Criteria 1) Lesion clinically visible.

2) Catch to the explorer tip.

3) Explorer tip can penetrate deep into the soft yielding tooth

material.4) Discoloration or loss of translucency typical of demineralized

or undermined enamel.


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RULES OF DMFT:

No tooth should be recorded more than once

Decayed, missing and filled teeth should be recorded separately.

Secondary caries should be counted as decayed.

Teeth missing only due to caries should be counted as missing

A tooth is considered to be present even though the crown has been

destroyed and only the roots are left.


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The DMF score for an individual can range from 0 to 28 --

whole numbers

A mean DMF score for a group, being the total of individual

values divided by the number of subjects examined, can

have fractional values


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DMFS:

Purpose: to determine total dental caries experience, past and

present, by recording tooth surfaces involved instead of teeth as

in DMFT

Principles, rules and regulations are the same as that of DMFT

Surfaces examined

Anterior teeth -four surfaces

Labial, lingual, mesial, distal

Posterior teeth-five surfaces

Facial, lingual, mesial, distal & occlusal


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W.H.O MODIFICATIONS(1986)

1) All third molars are included.

2) Temporary restorations are considered

as D

3) Only carious cavities are considered

as D


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def Index For primary dentition

Grubbel in 1944

d-decayed

e-indicated for extraction

f-filled

Teeth missing due to caries are not recorded because of the

difficulty, in many children, of distinguishing between

extracted and naturally exfoliated primary teeth


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deft & defs:

Purpose: to determine the dental caries experience as shown by

the primary teeth present in the oral cavity

Teeth not counted:

Missing teeth including unerupted & congenitallymissing

Supernumerary teeth

Teeth restored for reasons other than dental caries are

not counted as f


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Modifications.

dmf:

For children over 7 years and upto 11 or 12 the decayed, missing

& filled primary molars and canines have been used to

determine a dmft or dmfs.

A primary molar or canine is presumed missing because of

dental caries when it is missing before the normal exfoliation

time


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NYVADS CRITERIA


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PURPOSE

purpose of this study was to compare the def

index with Nyvads new diagnostic criteria.


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MATERIALS AND METHODS

SAMPLE SIZE 249

AGE GROUP 3 to 6 years

Convenient sampling


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Children teeth were cleaned and dried with cotton rolls and

chip blower.

standardized conditions using plane mouth mirrors and

explorers with the help of artificial illumination.

Examination time:three to five minutes.


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The most affected surface according to deft index was

occlusal surface, but with Nyvads caries diagnostic

criteria, it was facial surface which was similar to a

study conducted by M.C.Gonzalez et al


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CONCLUSION

Nyvads new caries diagnostic criteria can be used to diagnose dental caries

at the initial stages, which in turn will reflect exact prevalence of caries

reduce the need of treatment on a long-term basis

cost-benefit relationship.


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results of the study cannot be extrapolated to the general population

NYVADS CRITERIA

more difficult to make an exact diagnosis of a precavitated

active lesion such as a white spot lesion over the occlusal surface than

over the facial surface.

These lesions can be underdiagnosed, progressing to frank cavitation. Onthe other hand, because of the physiologic wear of the occlusal

surface during mastication, these lesions can disappear

Shortcomings

dental caries indices

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