dengue issues and challenges india
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Dengue11
Aedes aegyptiDengue viruses are mainly transmitted bythe bite of infectedAedesaegyptimosquitoes; an invasive, domesticspecies with tropical and subtropical
worldwide distribution that originated in
Barrera R, Amador , D!a" A. $mith, u%o"ord'n #(, Rosar-nusual productivity of Aedesseptic tans and its implicatiodengue control. edical and /
0ntomology **12*&23.http144www5.interscience.wilen4fullte6t47738+757749D:$AR
http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/fulltext/119401311/PDFSTARThttp://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/fulltext/119401311/PDFSTARThttp://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/fulltext/119401311/PDFSTARThttp://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/fulltext/119401311/PDFSTART -
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adhya 9radesh ribal situatResults:
5?@ werefound to be positive for dengue. henR&9R and sequencing conrmedthe aetiology as dengue virus type *.0ighteen per cent of patients neededhospitali"ation and ve deaths were
attributed to dengue. he virus wasalso detected fromAedesaegyptimosquito, which wasincriminated as a vector. 9hylogeneticanalysis revealed that the denguevirus * detected belonged to
cosmopolitan genotype of the virus.
Interpretation & c
Dengue virus serotydetected as the aetagent in the outbreavillages of andla dadhya 9radesh. oman&made environmfavouring mosquitog
conditions and seedcould be the probabthis outbrea. -rgenneeded to control thto tribal population,already overburdenvector borne diseas
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Rural areas of Canyaumari districtadu
Results1
=*+?@
were found positive for dengue virusspecic Fg antibodies. Dengue virusserotype&5 was detected from aplasma sample by o6o&F:A test usingvirus specic monoclonal antibodies.0ntomological survey revealed theabundance of Aedes albopictus
=$use@ mosquitoes in the study area.
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Iorld ap
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osquito ontrolidentifying the most productive mosquito breed
7& he government has vacated houses in large numbers in annew maret.
hey are now the
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ontK
Fn ambodia, the Iorld Lealth
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OW DO G
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he o""ies
5,>++mosquitospecies
ule6 Anopheles A
Iest ile/irus
alaria)ellow :eve
Denguehiungun
a
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Nuestion
Ihat does OaedesP meanQ
O-npleasantP =ree@ by eigen in 77
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(ife ycle
All in all, it tadays.
wo phases1 teaquatic
0ggs are resisenvironmenta
0ggs larva =
presence of w (arva pupa
9upayoungwater@
Ohe osquito (ife&cycle,P enters for Disease ontrol and 9rev
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:eeding
osquitoes sense thepresence of1 enetics M >?
hemicals =respiratory, sin@ arbon dio6ide =activity, using
candle@
(actic acid =e6ercise, after eatingsalty foods, high&potassium@
$teroids
-ric acid
holesterol
9regnancy Body tempera
Dar&colored clothings, gar
ovement :loral4fruity fr
oisture
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(ets understand the Cill%abitat
Aedes aegypti is e6tremely common in areas lacing piped wasystems, and depend greatly on water storage containers to laeggs.
ale and female adults feed on nectar of plants; however, femmosquitoes need blood in order to produce eggs, and are activdaytime.
0ggs have the ability to survive drying for long periods of timeeggs to be easily spread to new locations. Articial or natural water containers =water storage containers
pots, discarded tires, plates under potted plants, cemetery vapots, bucets, tin cans, clogged rain gutters, ornamental fountdrums, water bowls for pets, birdbaths, etc.@ that are within orplaces where humans live are ideally larval habitats for this m
his species has also been found in underground collec
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Biting Behavior
7. Aedes aegypti bites primarily during the da*. his species is most active for appro6imatetwo hours after sunrise and several hours
before sunset, but it can bite at nighin 'ell lit areas*
5. his mosquito can bite people without beingnoticed because it approaches from behindbites on the anles and elbows.
8. Aedes aegypti prefers biting people but it a
bites dogs and other domestic animals, mos
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Nuestion
7+47*4*+7+
Ihy do female mosquitoes needbloodQ
:or egg development. he amino acidisoleucine is important.
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Breeding
osquitoes will practically breed anywhwhere there is a collection of water that s
longer than ve to seven days. $ome p
lighted areas and some shady areas. $prefer fresh water and some stagnant w
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+onds,treams
,'amps
Roc( holes
-itches ree h
ommon naturalbreeding grounds
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omparison
edes aegypti edes albopictus
OFnvasion biology of Aedes albopictus,P -niversity of :lorida.
http://fmel.ifas.ufl.edu/research/exotic.shtmlhttp://fmel.ifas.ufl.edu/research/exotic.shtml -
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Aedes aegypti
0gyptian tiger mosquito
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Dengue and the Aedes albopictus mo
Aedes albopictusTalso called theAsian tiger mosquito&& is a mosquitothat can transmit the viruses thatcause dengue fever.
he female mosquito lays eggs inwater holding containers around orfurther away from homes, treeholes
and bamboo internodes. Ft bitespeople, pets and wild animals.
his species can survive year roundin tropical and subtropical climates.
edical importance albopictus is most wfor transmitting denchiungunya virusesalso been found infenature with the follo
viruses Iest ile, 0astern eq
encephalitis, #apanesencephalitis. Ft can adog heartworm para
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Dengue and the Aedes aegypti mo
he Aedes aegypti mosquitocan transmit the viruses thatcause dengue fever. hefemale mosquito lays eggs incontainers with water andplants near the home. Ft bites
people and animals. hisspecies can survive yearround in tropical andsubtropical climates.
edical importancefrequently found inand subtropical areworld, Aedes aegyphistorically is consibe a primary vecto
diseases such as thfever) chi(ungunyello' fever*
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Nuestion
Fn Fndia, which of the two is thepredominant mosquito speciesQ
Aedes aegypti
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he Dengue /irus
Dengue 7 /irus and Dengue Lemorrhagic :ever, :rench 9olyneLubert and Lalstead, 0merging Fnfectious Diseases, August *+
Flavivirus =)ellow virus@
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Listorical
Dengue virusesoriginally came frommoneys.
Ft Jumped to humans
7++ to ++ years ago. Ft was a minor disease
until Iorld Iar *
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Nuestion
Ihy has dengue became asignicant health problem after Iorld
Iar *Q
Due to increased travel and activetransport industry
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he :our ypes
Oolecular 0volutionary 9athogenesis of Dengue /irus Fnfection,P
Dengue virus and its serotisolated in 73>2 at /elloreAll the Fndian D/&7 isolateAmerican African =AA:@ g
he Fndian D/&7 isolates ainto four lineages, Fndia F, Africa lineage.
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Dengue $pread
9ossible factors Fnadequate housing and
public health systems=water, sewage, wastemanagement@
9oor vector control limate change
Fncreased internationaltravel
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Iarning $igns of DL:
Refuse Suids or vomiting. $leepy or restless child.
astrointestinal bleeding
Abdominal pain
$in mottling, cold sweatysin, cold hands and feet
o urine for the past 2hours.
ritical 9eriod1 Ris for DL: is high 7&* days after fever sub
=ottled s(in
bdominal pain
de
8
Dengue Lemorrhagic :ev
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Dengue Lemorrhagic :ev=DL:@
?
Ris of dying from DL: withadequate treatment is V 7?
auses of death $hoc due to de
$evere hemorrha
0ncephalitis
(iver failure
DonWt get bitten
Advice to former dengue
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i R ll
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osquito Repellents
D00 Apply insect repellent
D00 =*+&5+?@
Ff repellent is aerosol,open air
Ff child, donWt apply tohands
Apply on clothing.
osquito net if room isnon&air&conditioned or
screened
atural eed frequen
application
itronella, lemeucalyptus, ca
peppermint o ultiple repel
to be more eHdue to mosqudiHerences.
9 t B di
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9revent Breeding
over watercontainers, wells, and
water tans tightly
(etWs Act to 9revent Dengue, Long Cong Lousing Authority
7 Ceep drains free fromblocage*hange the water invases and for aquaticplants at least once a
wee and leave nowater in the saucers
underneath the plants
5ovedisp
water
Dispose of unwantedcontainers where water
may collect such aslunch bo6es and soft
drin cans into coveredbins
> Repair uneven surfacesof the ground toprevent water from
collecting
2hewate
trcondra
rem
9 t Bit
http://www.housingauthority.gov.hk/hdw/en/aboutus/events/community/denguefever08/index.htmlhttp://www.housingauthority.gov.hk/hdw/en/aboutus/events/community/denguefever08/index.html -
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9revent Bites
Iear light&colouredand long&sleeved
clothing and pants7Apply mosquito
repellents containingD00 to e6posed parts
of the body
*
-se mosquiscreens wheis not air&co
5
Avoid visitingscrubby areas8
Fnstall sc
windows anplace mos
4electric mo4anti&mosq
near the
>
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t f Di t l d 9
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enters for Disease ontrol and 9rev
http144www.cdc.gov4Dengue4
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his Iee in /irology
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his Iee in /irology