SUBMITTED BY: MUHAMMAD ADEEL ARSHAD

2011-AG-2203ROLL # 6

Animal Sc iences ( 6 T H ) semesterPS -304( Pract ica l )

Demonstration of Equipments Used at a

Poultry Farm

There are many types of poultry equipment available which are necessary for successful poultry farming. Such as;

• Brooding Equipment• Lighting Equipment• Watering Equipment• Feeding Equipment• Ventilation Equipment

Brooder Equipments

1.Charcoal stoveWhere electricity is not

available  These stoves are

covered with plate / pans to dissipate the heat

2.Gas brooder Natural gas, LPG or

methane is connected to heating element which is hanged 3 to 5 feet above chicks to provide heat.

3.Electrical brooder This type of brooder is provided with heating

elements and in some cases thermometer is provided to record the temperature.

They used to have a reflecting device over the heating rods or coils.

The temperature can be adjusted depending on the requirement.

4. Infra-Red bulb It is a self reflecting bulb.  One 250 watts IR bulb can provide brooding for about 150 to 250 chicks

4.Deisel Brooder Maximum heat from other More efficient 6-8 liter /hr burner

Brooder guard /chick guard

These are thin sheets of metal, hard board, of bamboo mat of 1 to 1.5 feet height and varying in lengths.

Used to restrict movements of chicks so that chicks will be kept closer to the brooder

i. Incandescent Bulbs • Traditional bulb choice in poultry farms. • Inefficient because power is released as

heat. • Lifespan=> 1,000 hours or approximately

two months if lit 16 hours/day.

Lighting type

ii. Compact Fluorescent Bulbs (CFLs)Most common household and commercial

replacement for the incandescent bulb lifespan =>10,000 hour or almost two years

if lit 16 hours/day. Use 75% less energy than incandescent bulb.A 23-Watt CFL =100-Watt incandescent bulb.standard CFL does not have dimming

capabilities.prevents birds from clustering in one area.

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iii. Cold-Cathode Bulbs: Cold-cathodes are a newer technology,

high efficiency fluorescent bulb.Lifespan=>approximately 25,000 hours.An 8-Watt cold-cathode = 40-Watt I.BFor more lumens than an 8-Watt cold

cathode they should combine cold- cathodes with another lighting option, generally a CFL.

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iv. Light Emitting Diode (LED)LED lights are exceptionally long-lasting

(approximately 50,000 hours) and now come in a variety of colors and options.

LEDs come in various forms - spot, linear or strip and monochromatic colors. They can be dimmed.

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v. Tube Fluorescents:

Tube Fluorescents are similar in their output to CFLs but achieve even higher energy efficiency.Failed to achieve a significant market share because of high installation and maintenance costs.Because they are installed inside large fixtures, the cleaning of these bulbs is also an extremely tenuous process.

Feeding Equipments

Feeders are equipment used to feed the birds, by placing feed in them.

They may be conventional, semi-automatic of various designs and shapes and made up of either metal or plastic.

Feeding Equipments

1.Automatic feederIn case of automatic feeder the feed is

supplied to the entire length of the poultry house by specially designed feed troughs with auger type or chain type devices to move the feed from the feed bins to the other end.

These are operated with electricity and the height of the feeder can be adjusted depending upon the age of the birds.

2.Linear feederDifferent sizes of

linear feeder with guards are available.

Linear feeders are usually made of Galvanized Iron. However it can as well be made out of any locally available material like wood, bamboo, etc.

3.Circular feederSemi automatic feederHold 5 to 7 kg feedFeed slowly delivered down

by gravityThese are also called as

‘hanging feeders’.4. Shell grit box It is used to provide shell

grit(broken seashell) to the layer birds as a supplemental source of calcium

Water Equipments

1. Water softeners and filtersWater with high total dissolved solids will cause deposits on

the humidity controls, spray nozzles, jets and valve seats.Therefore filter systems and water softeners are necessary

to reduce the TDS content of the water.2. Water heaters 

A large capacity boiler is generally used to provide hot water. 

Watering Equipment

1.Pan and jar type drinkerCircular in nature.Have two compartments i)jar for

filling water ii)pan for delivering water

2. Water basin made of plastic / wood with grill

Water basin made of plastic Basins of different diameters are

available (10”, 12”, 14” and 16” diameter).

A separate grill is available to prevent the entry of birds inside the water.

3.Nipple drinkerCan be used in deep litter an in cage systemThese drinkers look like a nipple and water

drops comes out when they are pressedOne nipple drinkers in each cage housing 3

layers is sufficient

4. Bell type automatic waterer

These are made of high-impact plastic in a bell shape usually suspended from separate pipeline for the purpose.This type of waterers has control over the water flow and maintains the required water level always.

6. Manual drinker In case of chicks during first week of brooding,

manual drinkers are popularly used. They also referred as “fountain drinkers” because

water comes out of the holes like that in case of a fountain.

The main advantage of manual drinkers is the ease of giving vitamins and other pro- biotics /medicines/vaccines through water.

Manual drinkers with stand made of high-impact plastic in bright colors (red or blue) are available.

Arrangement of drinkers at an equal distance of 0.6m between any two feeders and feeder and a drinker.

Ventilation equipment

Different types of fans are used for ventilation in poultry farms such as:

1. Axial flow fans2. Centrifugal fans3. Panel fan4. Box fans5. Cone fan6. Basket fan

Axial Flow Fan

SpecificationsIn axial flow, air enters and leaves the fan

with no change in direction Axial Fans used in higher flow lower

pressure systems.Generally outlet velocity Range of 1000 to

4000 FPM Outlet Velocity

CENTRIFUGAL FANS

In centrifugal flow, airflow changes direction twice - once when entering and second when leaving

Centrifugal Fans used in higher pressure lower flow, corrosive, or material handling systems.

Generally outlet velocity Range of 1250 to 6000 FPM Outlet Velocity

Panel fan

Specifications:Available diameters range from 30 cm to 92

cmVarious voltages (120V, 230V, 230/400V)Various frequencies (50 Hz, 60 Hz)Air volumes at 0 Pa for 50 Hz panel fans

range from 6.50 m³/h to 24.700 m³/hAir volumes at 0 Pa for 60 Hz panel fans

range from 2.390 m³/h en 23.100 m³/h

box fans

Specifications: Available with a diameter of 92 cmAir volumes at 0 Pa range from 17.500

m³/h to 20.300 m³/h (50 Hz fans)Includes CE-approved grill at the motor side3 year warranty for the fan (shutter and

wireguard are not included)

Cone fans

Specifications:Multi fan Galvanized Cone Fan 130Available in a diameter of 130 cmAir volumes at 0 Pa 47.470 m³/h (3-blades)

and 42.570 m³/h (5 blades)Controllable with frequency controller

Basket fan

Specifications:Available diameters range from 50 cm to 130

cm Various frequencies (50 Hz, 60 Hz)Air volumes at 0 Pa range from 7.050

m³/h to 48.000 m³/h (50 Hz fans)Air volumes at 0 Pa range from 7.850

m³/h to 48.000 m³/h 60 Hz fans)

Vaccination equipment

1.Syringes with needles/vaccine dropperIt is used to give vaccine drops through intra-nasal or intra-ocular2.Automatic vaccinatorIt is used to inject different doses of vaccine to large number of birds in shorter period either through intra-muscular or subcutaneous route3. Fowl pox vaccinator/lancet These are used to give fowl pox

vaccine at intra-dermal route in the wing web region

Miscellaneous equipment

1.Beak trimmer It is an electrical device used to cut a

portion of beak in order to prevent cannibalism among birds.

The equipment will be mounted on to a stand of convenient height (0.60 to 0.75) with a peddle connected to the top of the unit with a chain/ strong thread so that upon pressing the peddle with the foot of the operator, the hot blade slides down cutting the beak placed over a small platform in the equipment.

The equipment is also provided with a thermostat to regulate temperature.

2. Nest boxes These are used to get clean

eggs and to avoid floor eggs in layer or breeder houses.

These may be individual, communal or trap nest.

3. Weighing balancesDifferent types of weighing

balances are available to weigh birds or feed for record and marketing purposes.

4. Perches / Roost 

This is a wooden device usually kept at a height of about 3-5’ from the floor in order to help the bird to stand over it.

5. Rake 

It is made up of iron rods and fitted with wooden handle.This is used to rake the litter material in case of deep-litter system of rearing.

6. SprinklerThis is particularly important in hot weather

areas.Commercial irrigation sprinklers can be used

to cool not only the surroundings of the farm buildings but also the roof of the farm.

But under hot-humid conditions, sprinklers are used only to cool the roof during afternoon hours only

7. Sprayer Several types of sprayers are available in the

market. But, that which is hand-operated and can be

carried on the back while in use is most ideal for a poultry farm.

The desired disinfectant or sanitizer can be mixed and loaded on to the tank and sprayed.

8. Flame-gun (Blow-lamp) It is very useful equipment and it generally

works on kerosene (or gas). It is used to flame metal frames to rid the

building from external parasites and/ or their eggs/ larva etc.