demonstrating the efficacy of animal- assisted therapy presented by: katherine brown, lindsey...
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Demonstrating the Efficacy of Animal-Assisted Therapy
Presented by: Katherine Brown, Lindsey Swanson & Dr. Chrisann Schiro-Geist
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Key Terms
Human/Animal Bond
Animal-Assisted Activities
Animal-Assisted Therapy
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Theoretical Background
Biochemical Theories
Learning Theories
Social Cognitive Theories
Social Theories
*Attachment Theory*
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Early and Anecdotal Accounts- Quakers and the York Retreat
- Rehab for WWI veterans
- Dr. Boris Levinson
Empirical Studies - Friedmann, Katcher, Lynn, & Thomas (1980)
- Studies with a Focus on Developmental Disabilities
Previous Efforts
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Current Study Purpose:
To examine the impact of animal assisted therapy on overall functioning in adults with intellectual disabilities
Hypothesis:
Participants engaging in specific therapeutic interventions with a live therapy animal will improve on the behavioral domains above and beyond that of participants receiving extra therapeutic time with a human caretaker.
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Methods - Participants
20 adults13 female, 7 maleage range: 17-50 years, Mage =
26.95, SD = 9.87
All participants diagnosed with an intellectual disability to some degree
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Methods - Measures
Measurement of Pet Intervention (MOPI; Schiro-Geist, 2001)Eight questions assessing 4 behavioral
dimensions:Attention spanPhysical movementCommunicationCompliance
Two components: general level/quality & time/frequency
Cronbach’s Alpha = 0.94 - 0.95
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Methods - Procedures
Staff members completed 2 MOPIs for all participants, one prior to intervention and one post-intervention
Three groups were developed: 2 intervention groups and 1 control group
- Modification: 2 groups after 6 weeks
The intervention was conducted for 20 minute sessions, twice weekly for eight weeks
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Intervention8-week manualized AAT program
Week 1: Therapeutic goals- Rapport-building;
Play Day 1 Activities- Petting; Ring Around
the Rosy Day 2 Activities- Petting; Object Toss
Week 2: Therapeutic goals- Pet Care; Grooming Day 1 Activities- Brush + Treat Day 2 Activities- Walk Preparation
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InterventionWeek 3:
Therapeutic Goals- Language; Commands
Day 1 Activities- Basic Dog Commands
Day 2 Activities- Play Tambourine
Week 4: Therapeutic Goals- Safety; Etiquette Day 1 Activities- Walk Outdoors Day 2 Activities- Encounter Others
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Data Analysis & ResultsCorrelations were inconclusive
MANOVA – both groups improved over time with no significant differences between groups
Results show no adverse effects on participants
Anecdotal reports
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Limitations & Implications Limitations
Inconsistency of attendance
Difficulty in providing a manualized program within a dynamic summer program
Difficulty in keeping treatment and control groups separated
Implications
The use of AAT for adults with intellectual disabilities may be an alternative and effective form of treatment
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ReferencesChandler, C. K. (2012). Animal assisted therapy in
counseling (2nd ed.). New York: Routledge.
Fine, A. H. (2010). Handbook on animal-assisted therapy: Theoretical foundations and
guidelines for practice (3rd ed.). Boston: Academic Press.
Friedmann, E., Katcher, A. H., Lynch, J. J., & Thomas, S. A. (1980). Animal companions and one-year survival of patients after discharge from a coronary care unit. Public Health Reports, 95,
307-312.
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ReferencesHooker, S. D., Freeman, L. H., & Stewart, P. (2002).
Pet therapy research: A historical review. Holistic Nursing Practice, 17, 17-23.
Martin, F., & Farnum, J. (2002). Animal-assisted therapy for children with pervasive
developmental disorders. Western Journal of Nursing Research, 24, 657-670.
Heimlich, K. (2001). Animal-assisted therapy and the severely-disabled child: A quantitative study.
Journal of Rehabilitation, 67, 48-54.
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ReferencesLind, N. 2009. Animal assisted therapy activities to
motivate and inspire. Lombard, IL: PYOW Publishing, Ink.
Nimer, J., & Lundahl, B. (2007). Animal-assisted therapy: A meta-analysis. Anthrozoos, 20, 225-238. Retrieved September 16, 2008,
from the Academic OneFile database.
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Questions?