demographics of india - wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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1/34en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_India

Dem ogra ph ics of India

Populat ion of India, 1 9 6 1 -2 003

Population:1 , 2 1 0 , 1 9 3 , 4 2 2 ( 2 0 1 1 est .)

(2 n d)

Growth

rate:1 .41 % (2 009 est . ) (9 3 r d)

Birth rat e:2 2 .22 birth s/1 ,000 population

(200 9 est.)

Death rat e:6 .4 death s/1 ,000 population

(200 9 est.)

Life

expectancy:69 .89 y ears (2009 est . )

male: 67 .4 6 y ea r s ( 2009 e st . )

female: 7 2.61 y ea r s ( 2009 e st . )

Fertilityrate:

2 .5 children born /w om an (SRS2 0 1 0 )[1](8 2 n d)

Infant

mortality

rate:

30 .1 5 deaths/1 ,000 l iv e births

(200 9 est.)

A ge st ru ct u re

0-14 y ears:

3 1 . 1 % (m a le

1 90,075 ,4 26/fe m a l e

1 7 2 , 7 9 9 , 5 5 3 ) (2 0 0 9 est .)

15-64 years:

63 .6% ( m a l e

3 8 1 ,4 4 6,079/fe m a l e

3 5 9,8 02,209 ) (2009 est . )

5 .3 % ( m a l e 29 ,3 64 ,920/fem a l e

Demographics of India

The demographics of

India are inclusive of thesecond most populous

country in the world, with

over 1.21 billion people

(2011 census), more than a

sixth of the world's

population. Already

containing 17.5% of the

world's population, India is

projected to be the world's

most populous country by

2025, surpassing China, its

population reaching 1.6

billion by 2050.[4][5] Its

population growth rate is

1.41%, ranking 102ndin the

world in 2010.[6]

India has more than 50% of

its population below the ageof 25 and more than 65%

below the age of 35. It is

expected that, in 2020, the

average age of an Indian will

be 29 years, compared to 37

for China and 48 for Japan;

and, by 2030, India's

dependency ratio should be

ust over 0. .[7 ]


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-3 2 ,5 9 1 ,03 0) (2009 est . )

Sex rat io

A t birt h : 1 .1 2 m ale(s)/fem ale (2 009 est.)

Under 15: 1 .1 0 m ale(s)/fem ale (2009 est.)

15-64 years: 1 .06 m ale(s)/fem ale (2009 est.)

65-over: 0.9 0 m ale(s)/fem ale (2 009 est.)

Nationality

Major

ethnic:See Eth n ic Gr ou ps of In dia

Language

Official: See Lang u ag es of India

India has more than two

thousand ethnic groups,[8]

and every major religion is

represented, as are four

major families of languages

(Indo-European, Dravidian,

ustro-Asiatic and Tibeto-

Burman languages) as well

as two language isolates(the

Nihali language[9] spoken

in parts of Maharashtra

and the Burushaski

languagespoken in parts of

Jammu and Kashmir).

Further complexity is lent

by the great variation thatoccurs across this

population on social

parameters such as income

and education. Only the

continent ofAfricaexceeds

the linguistic, genetic and

cultural diversity of the

nation of India.[10]

Salient features

Indiaoccupies 2.4% of the

world's land area andsupports over 17.5% of the

world's population. Per the


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, .

population[11] lives in about 638,000 villages[12] and the remaining

27.8%[11] lives in more than 5,1 00 towns and over 380 urban

agglomerations.[13]

India's population exceeds that of the entire continent of Africa by 200

million people.[14]

Comparative demographics

ain article:Fact sheet on India

CategoryGlobalRanking

Notes(Reference)

Area 7th [15]

Population 2nd [15]

Population growth rate 102nd of 212 as of 2010[6 ]

Population density(people per square kilometer of landarea)

24th of 212 as of 2010[6 ]

Male to Female ratio, at birth 12th of 214 as of 2009[16]

List of States and Union territories by demographics

RankState orunion

territory

Population(2011)

%[18]Rural

Pop.[19]Urban

Pop.[19]

1UttarPradesh

199,581,520 16.49% 131,658,339 34,539,582 2

2 Maharashtra 112,372,972 9.29% 55,777,647 41,100,980 3

3 Bihar 103,804,637 8.58% 74,316,709 8,681,800 9

4 West Bengal 91,347,736 7.55% 57,748,946 22,427,251 8

5AndhraPradesh

84,665,533 7.00% 55,401,067 20,808,940 2

6Madhya

Pradesh72,597,565 6.00% 44,380,878 15,967,145 3

7 Tamil Nadu 72,138,958 5.96% 34,921,681 27,483,998 1


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8 Rajasthan 68,621,012 5.67% 43,292,813 13,214,375 3

9 Karnataka 61,130,704 5.05% 34,889,033 17,961,529 1

10 Gujarat 60,383,628 4.99% 31,740,767 18,930,250 1

11 Orissa 41,947,358 3.47% 31,287,422 5,517,238 1

12 Kerala 33,387,677 2.76% 23,574,449 8,266,925 3

13 Jharkhand 32,966,238 2.72% 20,952,088 5,993,741 714 Assam 31,169,272 2.58% 23,216,288 3,439,240 7

15 Punjab 27,704,236 2.29% 16,096,488 8,262,511 5

16 Chhattisgarh 25,540,196 2.11% 16,648,056 4,185,747 1

17 Haryana 25,353,081 2.09% 15,029,260 6,115,304 4

18Jammu andKashmir

12,548,926 1.04% 7,627,062 2,516,638 2

19 Uttarakhand 10,116,752 0.84% 6,310,275 2,179,074 5

20HimachalPradesh

6,856,509 0.57% 5,482,319 595,581 5

21 Tripura 3,671,032 0.30% 2,653,453 545,750 1

22 Meghalaya 2,964,007 0.24% 1,864,711 454,111 2

23 Manipur 2,721,756 0.22% 1,590,820 575,968 2

24 Nagaland 1,980,602 0.16% 1,647,249 342,787 1

25 Goa 1,457,723 0.12% 677,091 670,577 3

26ArunachalPradesh

1,382,611 0.11% 870,087 227,881 8

27 Mizoram 1,091,014 0.09% 447,567 441,006 2

28 Sikkim 607,688 0.05% 480,981 59,870 7

UT 1 Delhi 16,753,235 1.38% 944,727 12,905,780 1

UT 2 Pondicherry 1,244,464 0.10% 325,726 648,619 4UT 3 Chandigarh 1,054,686 0.09% 92,120 808,515 1

UT 4Andamanand NicobarIslands

379,944 0.03% 239,954 116,198 8

UT 5Dadra and

Nagar Haveli342,853 0.03% 170,027 50,463 4

UT 6Daman andDiu 242,911 0.02% 100,856 57,348 1

UT 7 Lakshadweep 64,429 0.01% 33,683 26,967 3

Total India 1,210,193,422 100.00% 742,490,639 286,119,689 3


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Districts in India

[hide]Rank

India/State/UTNo. ofdistrictsin 2001

No. ofDistrictsin 2011

No. of Districtswithout anygeographical change

01 Uttar Pradesh 70 71 47

02 Madhya Pradesh 45 50 36

03 Bihar 37 38 34

04 Maharashtra 35 35 31

05 Rajasthan 32 33 18

06 Tamil Nadu 30 32 25

07 Karnataka 27 30 2408 Orissa 30 30 26

09 Assam 23 27 15

10 Gujarat 25 26 20

11 Jharkhand 18 24 9

12 Andhra Pradesh 23 23 23

13

Jammu &

Kashmir 14 22 5

14 Haryana 19 21 17

15 Punjab 17 20 8

16 West Bengal 18 19 17

17 Chattisgarh 16 18 14

18 Kerala 14 14 14

19Arunachal

Pradesh 13 16 10

20 Uttarakhand 13 13 11

21HimachalPradesh

12 12 12

22 Nagaland 8 11 4

23 NCT of Delhi 9 9 9

24 Manipur 9 9 925 Mizoram 8 8 4

26 Meghalaya 7 7 4

27 Sikkim 4 4 4


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28 Tripura 4 4 2

29 Pondicherry 4 4 4

30Andaman &Nicobar Islands

2 3 1

31 Goa 2 2 2

32 Daman & Diu 2 2 2

33Dadra & Nagar

Haveli1 1 1

34 Chandigarh 1 1 1

35 Lakshadweep 1 1 1

INDIA 593 640 464

[22]

Religious demographics

ain article:Religion in India

The table below summarizes India's demographics (excluding Mao-

Maram, Paomata and Purul subdivisions of Senapati District oManipur state due to cancellation of census results) according to

religion per 2001 census in percent. The data is "unadjusted" (without

excludingAssamand Indian-administered Kashmir); 1981 census was

not conducted in Assam and 1991 census was not conducted in Jammu

and Kashmir.

Table 2: Census information for 2001

Composition Hindus[24] Muslims[25] Christians[26] Sikhs[27] Buddh

% total of

population2001

80.5% 13.4% 2.3% 1.9% 0.8%

10-YrGrowth % (est

'91'01)[31]20.3% 29.5% 22.6% 18.2% 24.5%

No. offemales/1000

935 940 1009 895 955


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. .

944)

Literacy rate(71.7% for Age

7 & above)[32]75.5 60.0 90.3 70.4 73.0

Work

ParticipationRate

40.4 31.3 39.7 37.7 40.6

Rural sex

ratio[31]944 953 1001 895 958

Urban sex

ratio[31]922 907 1026 886 944

Child sex ratio

(06 yrs)925 950 964 786 942

including Bah's, Jews, and Parsis. Tribal Animists (and non religious)

are included after 1926 (1931 census onwards)

Neonatal and infant demographics

The table below presents the infant mortality rate trends in India, bygender, in last 15 years. In urban areas of India, average male infant

mortality rates are slightly higher than female infant mortality rates.

Infant mortality demographic trends of India per 1000 births

Year Infant (0-1 year), Male Infant (0-1 year), Female Reference

1998 70 74 [33]

2005 56 58 [34]

2009 49 52 [35]

Some activists believe India's 2011 census shows a serious decline in

the number of girls under the age of seven - activists fear eight million

female foetuses may have been aborted between 2001 and 2011.[36]

These claims are controversial. Scientists who study human sex ratiosand demographic trends suggest that birth sex ratio between 1.08 to

1.12 can be because of natural factors, such as the age of mother at

' '


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economic stress, endocrinological factors, etc.[37] The 2011 census

birth sex ratio in India, of 917 girls to 1000 boys, is similar to 870-930

girls to 1000 boys birth sex ratios observed in Japanese, Chinese,

Cuban, Filipino and Hawaiian ethnic groups in the United States

between 1940 to 2005. They are also similar to birth sex ratios below900 girls to 1000 boys observed in mothers of different age groups and

gestation periods in the United States.[38][39]

Population within the age group of 0-6

[hide]

State/UTCode

India/State/UT Persons Males Females

01 Jammu & Kashmir 2,008,642 1,080,662 927,980

02 Himachal Pradesh 763,864 400,681 363,183

03 Punjab 2,941,570 1,593,262 1,348,308

04 Chandigarh 117,953 63,187 54,766

05 Uttarakhand 1,328,844 704,769 624,075

06 Haryana 3,297,724 1,802,047 1,495,677

07 NCT of Delhi 1,970,510 1,055,735 914,775

08 Rajasthan 10,504,916 5,580,212 4,924,704

09 Uttar Pradesh 29,728,235 15,653,175 14,075,060

10 Bihar 18,582,229 9,615,280 8,966,949

11 Sikkim 61,077 31,418 29,659

12 Arunachal Pradesh 202,759 103,430 99,32913 Nagaland 285,981 147,111 138,870

14 Manipur 353,237 182,684 170,553

15 Mizoram 165,536 83,965 81,571

16 Tripura 444,055 227,354 216,701

17 Meghalaya 555,822 282,189 273,633

18 Assam 4,511,307 2,305,088 2,206,219

19 West Bengal 10,112,599 5,187,264 4,925,335

20 Jharkhand 5,237,582 2,695,921 2,541,661

21 Orissa 5,035,650 2,603,208 2,432,442


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22 a sgar 3,5 4,02 1, 24,9 7 1,759,041

23 Madhya Pradesh 10,548,295 5,516,957 5,031,338

24 Gujarat 7,494,176 3,974,286 3,519,890

25 Daman & Diu 25,880 13,556 12,324

26 Dadra & Nagar Haveli 49,196 25,575 23,621

27 Maharashtra 12,848,375 6,822,262 6,026,11328 Andhra Pradesh 8,642,686 4,448,330 4,194,356

29 Karnataka 6,855,801 3,527,844 3,327,957

30 Goa 139,495 72,669 66,826

31 Lakshadweep 7,088 3,715 3,373

32 Kerala 3,322,247 1,695,935 1,626,312

33 Tamil Nadu 6,894,821 3,542,351 3,352,470

34 Pondicherry 127,610 64,932 62,678

35Andaman & Nicobar

Islands39,497 20,094 19,403

INDIA 158,789,287 82,952,135 75,837,152

[22]

Population above the age of 7

[hide]State/UT

Code

India/State/UT Persons Males Females

01 Jammu & Kashmir 10,540,284 5,584,889 4,955,385

02 Himachal Pradesh 6,092,645 3,073,211 3,019,434

03 Punjab 24,762,666 13,041,557 11,721,109

04 Chandigarh 936,733 517,095 419,638

05 Uttarakhand 8,787,908 4,449,409 4,338,499

06 Haryana 22,055,357 11,703,083 10,352,274

07 NCT of Delhi 14,782,725 7,920,675 6,862,050

08 Rajasthan 58,116,096 30,039,874 28,076,222

09 Uttar Pradesh 169,853,242 88,943,240 80,910,002

10 Bihar 85,222,408 44,570,067 40,652,341

11 Sikkim 546,611 290,243 256,368

12 Arunachal Pradesh 1,179,852 616,802 563,050


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13 Nagaland 1,694,621 878,596 816,025

14 Manipur 2,368,519 1,187,080 1,181,439

15 Mizoram 925,478 468,374 457,104

16 Tripura 3,226,977 1,644,513 1,582,464

17 Meghalaya 2,408,185 1,210,479 1,197,706

18 Assam 26,657,965 13,649,839 13,008,126

19 West Bengal 81,235,137 41,740,125 39,495,012

20 Jharkhand 27,728,656 14,235,767 13,492,889

21 Orissa 36,911,708 18,598,470 18,313,238

22 Chattisgarh 21,956,168 11,002,928 10,953,240

23 Madhya Pradesh 62,049,270 32,095,963 29,953,307

24 Gujarat 52,889,452 27,507,996 25,381,456

25 Daman & Diu 217,031 136,544 80,487

26 Dadra & Nagar Haveli 293,657 167,603 126,054

27 Maharashtra 99,524,597 51,539,135 47,985,462

28 Andhra Pradesh 76,022,847 38,061,551 37,961,296

29 Karnataka 54,274,903 27,529,898 26,745,005

30 Goa 1,318,228 668,042 650,186

31 Lakshadweep 57,341 29,391 27,95032 Kerala 30,065,430 14,325,355 15,740,075

33 Tamil Nadu 65,244,137 32,616,520 32,627,617

34 Pondicherry 1,116,854 545,553 571,301

35Andaman & NicobarIslands

340,447 182,236 158,211

INDIA 1,051,404,135 540,772,113 510,632,022

[22]

Literacy Rate in India

State/UT

CodeIndia/State/UT

Literate Persons

(%)

Males

(%)

Females

(%)

01 Jammu & Kashmir 68.74 78.26 58.0102 Himachal Pradesh 83.78 90.83 76.60

03 Punjab 76.68 81.48 71.34


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. . .

05 Uttarakhand 79.63 88.33 70.70

06 Haryana 76.64 85.38 66.77

07 NCT of Delhi 86.34 91.03 80.93

08 Rajasthan 67.06 80.51 52.66

09 Uttar Pradesh 69.72 79.24 59.2610 Bihar 63.82 73.39 53.33

11 Sikkim 82.20 87.29 76.43

12 Arunachal Pradesh 66.95 73.69 59.57

13 Nagaland 80.11 83.29 76.69

14 Manipur 79.85 86.49 73.17

15 Mizoram 91.58 93.72 89.40

16 Tripura 87.75 92.18 83.1517 Meghalaya 75.48 77.17 73.78

18 Assam 73.18 78.81 67.27

19 West Bengal 77.08 82.67 71.16

20 Jharkhand 67.63 78.45 56.21

21 Orissa 73.45 82.40 64.36

22 Chattisgarh 71.04 81.45 60.59

23 Madhya Pradesh 70.63 80.53 60.02

24 Gujarat 79.31 87.23 70.73

25 Daman & Diu 87.07 91.48 79.59

26 Dadra & Nagar Haveli 77.65 86.46 65.93

27 Maharashtra 82.91 89.82 75.48

28 Andhra Pradesh 67.66 75.56 59.74

29 Karnataka 75.60 82.85 68.1330 Goa 87.40 92.81 81.84

31 Lakshadweep 92.28 96.11 88.25

32 Kerala 93.91 96.02 91.98

33 Tamil Nadu 80.33 86.81 73.86

34 Pondicherry 86.55 92.12 81.22

35

Andaman & Nicobar

Islands 86.27 90.11 81.84

INDIA 74.04 82.14 65.46


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Linguistic demographics

ain article:List of languages by number of native speakers in India

43% of the Hindusspeak Hindiwhile the rest speakAssamese, Bengali,Gujarati, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Tamil, Telugu, Punjabi and

other languages. Almost 45% of the Muslimsspeak Urduwhile the rest

speak Assamese, Bengali, Gujarati, Kashmiri, Malayalam, Tamil,

Telugu and other languages. About one-third of the Christians speak

Malayalam, one-sixth speak Tamil while the rest speak a variety o

languages. In total, there are 1,652 languages and dialects spoken inIndia.[40]

The table immediately below excludes Mao-Maram, Paomata and

Purul subdivisions of Senapati District of Manipur state due to

cancellation of census results.

Languages of India by number of nativespeakers as per the 2001 census[41]

Rank Language Speakers Percentage

1 Hindi dialects[42] 422,048,642 41.03%

2 Bengali 83,369,769 8.11%

3 Telugu 74,002,856 7.19%

4 Marathi 71,936,894 6.99%

5 Tamil 60,793,814 5.91%

6 Urdu 51,536,111 5.01%

7 Gujarati 46,091,617 4 .48%

8 Kannada 37,924,011 3.69%

9 Malayalam 33,066,392 3.21%

10 Oriya 33,017,446 3.21%

11 Punjabi 29,102,477 2.83%12 Assamese 13,168,484 1.28%

13 Maithili 12,179,122 1.18%


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, , .

15 Santali 6,469,600 0.63%

16 Kashmiri 5,527,698 0.54%

17 Nepali 2,871,749 0.28%

18 Gondi 2,713,790 0.26%

19 Sindhi 2,535,485 0.25%

20 Konkani 2,489,015 0.24%

21 Dogri 2,282,589 0.22%

22 Khandeshi 2,075,258 0.20%

23 Kurukh 1,751,489 0.17%

24 Tulu 1,722,768 0.17%

25 Meitei(Manipuri) 1,466,705* 0.14%

26 Bodo 1,350,478 0.13%27 Khasi - Garo 1,128,575 0.112%

28 Mundari 1,061,352 0.105%

29 Ho 1,042,724 0.103%

Largest cities

Largest cities or towns of India

Census India[43]

Rank City name State/UT Pop. Rank City name

Mumbai

Delhi

1 Mumbai Maharashtra 12,478,447 11 Lucknow

2 Delhi Delhi 11,007,835 12 Kanpur

3 Bengaluru Karnataka 8,425,970 13 Nagpur

4 HyderabadAndhraPradesh

6,809,970 14 Indore

5 Ahmedabad Gujarat 5,570,585 15 Thane

6 Chennai Tamil Nadu 4,681,087 16 Bhopal

7 Kolkata West Bengal 4 ,486,679 17 Vishakapatna

8 Surat Gujarat 4,462,002 18Pimpri-Chinchwad

Pune Maharashtra 11 1 1 Patna


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10 Jaipur Rajasthan 3,073,350 20 Ludhiana

ital statistics

UN estimates[44]

PeriodLive

births peryear

Deathsper year

Naturalchangeper year

CBR1 CDR1 NC1 TFR1 IMR1

19501955

16,832,000 9,928,000 6,904,000 43.3 25.5 17.7 5.90 165.0

1955

196017,981,000 9,686,000 8,295,000 42.1 22.7 19.4 5.90 153.1

1960

196519,086,000 9,358,000 9,728,000 40.4 19.8 20.6 5.82 140.1

19651970

20,611,000 9,057,000 11,554,000 39.2 17.2 22.0 5.69 128.5

1970

197522,022,000 8,821,000 13,201,000 37.5 15.0 22.5 5.26 118.0

19751980

24,003,000 8,584,000 15,4 19,000 36.3 13.0 23.3 4.89 106.4

19801985

25,577,000 8,763,000 16,814,000 34.5 11.8 22.7 4.47 95.0

1985

199026,935,000 9,073,000 17,862,000 32.5 10.9 21.5 4.11 85.1

19901995

27,566,000 9,400,000 18,166,000 30.0 10.2 19.8 3.72 76.4

19952000

27,443,000 9,458,000 17,985,000 27.2 9.4 17.8 3.31 68.9

2000

200527,158,000 9,545,000 17,614,000 24.8 8.7 16.1 2.96 60.7

20052010

27,271,000 9,757,000 17,514,000 23.1 8.3 14.8 2.73 52.9

1 CBR = crude birth rate (per 1 000); CDR = crude death rate (per 1 000); NC =natural change (per 1 000); TFR = total fertility rate (num ber of children per

woman); IMR = infant mortality rate per 1 000 bir ths

[45][46]


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Average

population(x 1000)

Live

births1Deaths1

Natural

change

Crudebirth

rate(per

1000)

Crudedeath

rate(per

1000)

Naturalchange

(per1000)

1981 716 49324 289

000

8 956

000

15 333

00033.9 12.5 21.4

1982 733 15224 781000

8 725000

16 056000

33.8 11.9 21.9

1983 750 03425 276000

8 925000

16 351000

33.7 11.9 21.8

1984 767 14726 006

000

9 666

000

16 340

000 33.9 12.6 21.3

1985 784 49125 810000

9 257000

16 553000

32.9 11.8 21.1

1986 802 05226 147000

8 903000

17 244000

32.6 11.1 21.5

1987 819 80026 316

000

8 936

000

17 380

00032.1 10.9 21.2

1988 837 70026 388000

9 215000

17 173000

31.5 11.0 20.5

1989 855 70726 185000

8 814000

17 371000

30.6 10.3 20.3

1990 873 78526 388

000

8 476

000

17 912

00030.2 9.7 20.5

1991 891 91026 133

000

8 741

000

17 392

00029.3 9.8 19.5

1992 910 06526 392

000

9 192

000

17 200

00029.0 10.1 18.9

1993 928 22626 640

000

8 633

000

18 007

00028.7 9.3 19.4

1994 946 37327 161000

8 801000

18 360000

28.7 9.3 19.4

1995 964 486 27 295000 8 680000 18 615000 28.3 9.0 19.3

1996 982 55326 824000

8 745000

18 079000

27.3 8.9 18.4


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1997 1 000 55827 215

000

8 905

000

18 310

00027.2 8.9 18.3

1998 1 018 47126 989000

9 166000

17 823000

26.5 9.0 17.5

1999 1 036 25926 943000

9 015000

17 928000

26.0 8.7 17.3

2000 1 053 89827 191

000

8 958

000

18 233

00025.8 8.5 17.3

2001 1 071 37427 213000

9 000000

18 213000

25.4 8.4 17.0

2002 1 088 69427 217000

8 818000

18 399000

25.0 8.1 16.9

2003 1 105 886

27 426

000

8 847

000

18 579

000 24.8 8.0 16.8

2004 1 122 99127 064000

8 422000

18 642000

24.1 7.5 16.6

2005 1 140 04327 133000

8 664000

18 469000

23.8 7.6 16.2

2006 1 157 03927 190

000

8 678

000

18 512

00023.5 7.5 16.0

2007 1 173 972 27 119000

8 687000

18 432000

23.1 7.4 15.7

2008 1 190 86427 152000

8 812000

18 340000

22.8 7.4 15.4

2009 1 207 74027 174

000

8 817

000

18 357

00022.5 7.3 15.2

2010 1 224 61427 064000

8 817000

18 247000

22.1 7.2 14.9

1The num bers of births and deaths were calculated from t he birth and death rates

and th e av erage population

Regional vital Statistics


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The below table gives the vital statistics (Births, Deaths, IMR and

NGR) for the year 2010, according to the Registrar Gen., India.[48]

State

Birth

Rate

BR

Rural

BR

Urban

Death

Rate

DR

Rural

DR

Urban NGR

NGR

Rural

NGR

Urba

AP 17.9 18.3 16.7 7.6 8.6 5.4 1.02% 0.97% 1.13%

Assam 23.2 24.4 15.8 8.2 8.6 5.8 1.49% 1.58% 1.01%

Bihar 28.1 28.8 22.0 6.8 7.0 5.6 2.13% 2.18% 1.64%

Chhattisgarh 25.3 26.8 18.6 8.0 8.4 6.2 1.73% 1.84% 1.24%

Delhi 17.8 19.7 17.5 4.2 4.6 4.1 1.36% 1.50% 1.34%

Gujarat 21.8 23.3 19.4 6.7 7.5 5.5 1.51% 1.58% 1.40%Haryana 22.3 23.3 19.8 6.6 7.0 5.6 1.57% 1.63% 1.43%

JK 18.3 19.5 13.5 5.7 5.9 4.7 1.26% 1.36% 0.88%

Jharkhand 25.3 26.7 19.3 7.0 7.4 5.4 1.83% 1.93% 1.39%

Karnataka 19.2 20.2 17.5 7.1 8.1 5.4 1.21% 1.21% 1.21%

Kerala 14.8 14.8 14.8 7.0 7.1 6.7 0.78% 0.77% 0.81%

MP 27.3 29.2 20.5 8.3 9.0 6.0 1.89% 2.02% 1.45%

Maharashtra 17.1 17.6 16.4 6.5 7.5 5.3 1.06% 1.02% 1.11%

Orissa 20.5 21.4 15.2 8.6 9.0 6.6 1.19% 1.24% 0.86%

Punjab 16.6 17.2 15.6 7.0 7.7 5.8 0.96% 0.95% 0.98%

Rajasthan 26.7 27.9 22.9 6.7 6.9 6.0 2.00% 2.09% 1.69%

TN 15.9 16.0 15.8 7.6 8.2 6.9 0.83% 0.78% 0.89%

UP 28.3 29.2 24.2 8.1 8.5 6.3 2.02% 2.07% 1.79%

WB 16.8 18.6 11.9 6.0 6.0 6.3 1.07% 1.26% 0.56%

Ar. P 20.5 22.1 14.6 5.9 6.9 2.3 1.46% 1.52% 1.23%

Goa 13.2 12.6 13.7 6.6 8.1 5.7 0.66% 0.45% 0.80%

HP 16.9 17.5 11.5 6.9 7.2 4.2 1.00% 1.03% 0.73%


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Manipur 14.9 14.8 15.3 4.2 4.3 4.0 1.07% 1.05% 1.13%

Meghalaya 24.5 26.6 14.8 7.9 8.4 5.6 1.66% 1.82% 0.92%

Mizoram 17.1 21.1 13.0 4.5 5.4 3.7 1.25% 1.57% 0.93%

Nagaland 16.8 17.0 16.0 3.6 3.7 3.3 1.32% 1.33% 1.27%

Sikkim 17.8 18.1 16.1 5.6 5.9 3.8 1.23% 1.23% 1.23%

Tripura 14.9 15.6 11.5 5.0 4.8 5.7 0.99% 1.08% 0.58%

Uttarakhand 19.3 20.2 16.2 6.3 6.7 5.1 1.30% 1.35% 1.11%

AN 15.6 15.5 15.8 4.3 4.8 3.3 1.13% 1.07% 1.26%

Chandigarh 15.6 21.6 15.0 3.9 3.7 3.9 1.16% 1.79% 1.10%

DNH 26.6 26.0 28.6 4.7 5.1 3.3 2.19% 2.09% 2.53%

DD 18.8 19.1 18.3 4.9 4.9 4.8 1.39% 1.42% 1.36%

Lakshadweep 14.3 15.5 13.2 6.4 6.1 6.7 0.80% 0.95% 0.65%Pondicherry 16.7 16.7 16.7 7.4 8.2 7.0 0.93% 0.85% 0.96%

CIA World Factbook demographic statistics

The following demographic statistics are from the CIA World Factbook,

unless otherwise indicated.

Total Population

1,166,079,217 (July 2009 est. CIA)[49] 1,028.7 million (2001 Census

final figures, March 1 enumeration and estimated 124,000 in areas o

Manipur that could not be covered in the enumeration)


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Rural Population

72.2%, male: 381,668,992, female: 360,948,755 (2001 Census)

ge structure

014 years:30.8%, male: 188,208,196, female: 171,356,024

564 years:64.3%, male: 386,432,921, female: 364,215,759

65+ years:4.9%, male: 27,258,259, female: 30,031,289 (2007 est.)

Median age

25.1 years

Population growth rate

1.548% (2009 est.)


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Literacy rate

71.7% (Age 7 & above, as of 2001) [32]

81.4% (Total population, Age 15-25, as of 2006) [50]


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22% (2006 est.)

Unemployment Rate

7.8%

Net migration rate

0.05 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2007 est.)

Sex ratio

at birth:1 .12 male(s)/female

under 10 years:1 .14 male(s)/female

524 years:1.09 male(s)/female

2464 years:1.06 male(s)/female

65 years and over:0.908 male(s)/female

total population:1.08 male(s)/female (2011 est.)

Life expectancyat birth

total population:69.89 years

male:67.46 years

emale:72.61 years (2007 est.)

Total fertility rate

2.72 children born/woman (2009 est.), although more up to date

statistics indicate that India's TFR was 2.6 in 2008 [51]The TFR (Total

number of children born per women) according to Religion in 2001

was :

Hindus 2.0 Muslims 2.4 Sikhs 2.1 Christians 2.1 Buddhists

2.1 Jains 1.4 Animists and Others 2.99 Tribals 3.16 Scheduled

[citation needed]


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.

Religions

Hindu 80.5% Muslim 13.4% Christian 2.3% Sikh 1.8% Buddhists 0.8%

Jains 0.4% others 0.7% unspecified 0.1% (2001 Census) [52][53][54][55]

Scheduled Castes and Tribes

Scheduled Castes: 16.2% (2001 Census) Scheduled Tribes: 8.2% (2001

Census)

Languages: See Languages of India and List of Indian languages by

total speakers. There are 216 languages with more than 10,000 native

speakers in India. The largest of these is Hindi with some 337 million

(the second largest being Bengaliwith some 207 million). 22 languages

are recognized as official languages. In India, there are 1,652 languages

and dialectsin total.[40][56]

Population projections

India is projected to overtake China as the world's most populous

nation by 2030. India's population growth has raised concerns that it

would lead to widespread unemployment and political

instability.[57 ][58]Note that these projections make assumptions about

future fertility and death rates which may not turn out to be correct inthe event.

Source:[59]

2020: 1 ,326,093,000

2030: 1,460,743,000

2040: 1,571,715,0002050: 1,656,554,000

2020 Estimate


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Source:[60]

Year Under 15 1564 65+ Total

2000 361 604 45 1010

2005 368 673 51 1093

2010 370 747 58 1175

2015 372 819 65 1256

2020 373 882 76 1331

Ethnic groups

The national Census of India does not recognize racialor ethnic groups

within India,[61]but recognizes many of the tribal groups as Scheduled

Castes and Tribes(see list of Scheduled Tribes in India). Nevertheless,

modern anthropologists classify Indians as belonging to one of four

major ethno-racial groups, which significantly overlap because of racial

admixture between populations: Caucasoids, Australoids, Mongoloids

and Negritos. The Caucasoids are largely confined to the north andgenerally speak Indo-Aryan languages; Australoids are found in the

south and generally speak Dravidian languages; Mongoloids are largely

confined to the Northeastern region of the country and for the most

part, speak Tibeto-Burman languages; and Negritos are found on the

ndaman Islands located on the southeastern side of the country.

These speak a language known simply as Great Andamanese, alinguistic isolate not related to any known language. And finally,

ustro-Asiatic languages are spoken by only tribals or Adivasis, who

can be of either Australoid or Mongoloid racial stock.[62]

ccording to a 2009 study published by Reich et al., the modern

Indian population is composed of two genetically divergent and

heterogeneous populations which mixed in ancient times (about 1,200-

3,500 BC), known as Ancestral North Indians (ANI) and Ancestral

South Indians (ASI). ASI corresponds to the Dravidian-speaking


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population of southern India, whereas ANI corresponds to the Indo-

ryan-speaking population of northern India.[63][64] This

demonstrates that there is a genetic basis to ethno-linguistic labels

such as "Indo-Aryan" and "Dravidian".

For a list of ethnic groups in the Republic of India (as well as

neighboring countries) see ethnic groups of the Indian subcontinentor

the tree diagramabove.

Genetics

-chromosome DNA[65]

Y-Chromosome DNAY-DNArepresents the male lineage, The Indian

Y-chromosomepool may be summarized as follows where haplogroups

R1a, H, R2, L & NOPcomprise generally more than 80% of the total

chromosomes.[66]

H~ 30%

R1a~ 20%

R2~ 15%

L~ 10%

NOP~ 10% (Excluding R)

Other Haplogroups 15%

Mitochondrial DNA

[67]

Mitochondrial DNA mtDNArepresents the female lineage. The Indian

mitochondrial DNA is primarily made up of Haplogroup M[68]

Haplogroup M~ 60%


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ap ogroup ~

Haplogroup N~ 25% (Excluding UK)

utosomal DNA

Numerous genomic studies have been conducted in the last 15 years to

seek insights into India's demographic and cultural diversity. These

studies paint a complex and conflicting picture.

In a 2003 study, Basu, Majumder et al. have concluded on the

basis of results obtained from mtDNA, Y-chromosome and

autosomal markers that "(1) there is an underlying unity o

female lineages in India, indicating that the initial number ofemale settlers may have been small; (2) the tribal and the caste

populations are highly differentiated; (3) the Austro-Asiatic

tribals are the earliest settlers in India, providing support to one

anthropological hypothesis while refuting some others; (4) a

major wave of humans entered India through the northeast; (5)

the Tibeto-Burman tribals share considerable geneticcommonalities with the Austro-Asiatic tribals, supporting the

hypothesis that they may have shared a common habitat in

southern China, but the two groups of tribals can be

differentiated on the basis of Y-chromosomal haplotypes; (6) the

Dravidian tribals were possibly widespread throughout India

before the arrival of the Indo-European-speaking nomads, but

retreated to southern India to avoid dominance; (7) formation o

populations by fission that resulted in founder and drift effects

have left their imprints on the genetic structures o

contemporary populations; (8) the upper castes show closer

genetic affinities with Central Asian populations, although those o

southern India are more distant than those of northern India; (9)

historical gene flow into India has contributed to a considerableobliteration of genetic histories of contemporary populations so

that there is at present no clear congruence of genetic and


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geographical or sociocultural affinities." 9

In a later 2010 review article, Majumder affirms some of these

conclusions, introduces and revises some other. The on-going

studies, concludes Majumder, suggest India has served as the

major early corridor for geographical dispersal of modern humans

from out-of-Africa. The archaeological and genetic traces of the

earliest settlers in India has not provided any conclusive

evidence. The tribal populations of India are older than the non-

tribal populations. The autosomal differentiation and genetic

diversity within India's caste populations at 0.04 is significantly

lower than 0.14 for continental populations and 0.09 for 31 world

population sets studied by Watkins et al., suggesting that whiletribal populations were differentiated, the differentiation effects

within India's caste population was less than previously thought.

Majumder also concludes that recent studies suggest India has

been a major contributor to the gene pool of southeast

Asia.[70][71]

Another study covering a large sample of Indian populationsallowed Watkins et al. to examine eight Indian caste groups and

four endogamous south Indian tribal populations. The Indian

castes data show low between-group differences, while the tribal

Indian groups show relatively high between-group

differentiation. This suggests that people between Indian castes

were not reproductively isolated, while Indian tribal populations

experienced reproductive isolation and drift. Furthermore, the

genetic fixation indexdata shows historical genetic differentiation

and segregation between Indian castes population is much

smaller than those found in east Asia, Africa and other

continental populations; while being similar to the genetic

differentiation and segregation observed in European

populations.[71]

In 2006, Sahoo et al. reported their analysis of genomic data on

936 Y-chromosomes representing 32 tribal and 45 caste groups


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from different regions of India. These scientists find that the

haplogroup frequency distribution across the country, between

different caste groups, was found to be predominantly driven by

geographical, rather than cultural determinants. They conclude

there is clear evidence for both large-scale immigration into

ancient India of Tibeto-Burman speakers and language change o

former Austro-Asiatic speakers, in the northeast Indian

region.[72]

The genome studies through 2010 have been on relatively small

population sets. Many are from just one southeastern state o

Andhra Pradesh. Any conclusions on demographic history o

India must therefore be interpreted with caution. A larger

national genome study with demographic growth and sex ratio

balances may offer further insights on the extent of genetic

differentiation and segregation in India over the millenniums.[70]

See also

Fact sheet on India

Culture of India

Ethnic groups of India

Indian diaspora

Racial groups of India

Caste system in India

Demography of Central Asia

Female foeticide in India

Government

2011 census of India

National Commission on Population

Lists


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st o most popu ous c t es n n a

List of most populous metropolitan areas in India

Notes

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35. "SAMPLE REGISTRATION SYSTEM, REGISTRAR GENERAL,

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levels around the time of conception".Journal of Endocrinology

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results/paper2/data_files/India2/Table_2_PR_Cities_1Lakh_a

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External links

Census of India; government site with detailed data from 2001

census

Census of India map generator; generates maps based on 2001

census figures

Demographic data for India; provides sources of demographicdata for India

2001 maps; provides maps of social, economic and demographic

data of India in 2001


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Population of India 2011 map; distribution of population amongst

states and union territories

India's Demographic Outlook: Implications and Trends

United Nations "World Population Prospects": Country Profile -

India

en.wikipedia.org

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demographics_of_India

http://goo.gl/ffgS

demographics of india - wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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