democracy and the internet

7/28/2019 Democracy and the Internet

1/13

Matakuliah: Informatika Sosial (2sks)

1


2/13

Democracy is a form of government in whichall eligible citizens have an equal say in thedecisions that affect their lives.

Democracy allows eligible citizens toparticipate equallyeither directly or throughelected representativesin the proposal,development, and creation oflaws.

It encompasses social, economic and culturalconditions that enable the free and equalpractice ofpolitical self-determination.

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democracy2
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Form_of_governmenthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_freedomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_freedomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_freedomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_freedomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Form_of_government


3/13

The term originates from the Greek (dmokrata) "rule of thepeople",[1]which was coined from (dmos) "people" and (kratos) "power"

or "rule" in the 5th century BCE to denote thepolitical systems then existing in Greek city-states, notably Athens; the term is anantonym to (aristocratie) "ruleof an elite."

Source: ^ in Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, "A Greek-EnglishLexicon", at Perseus3
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Greekhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democracyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_systemshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_city-statehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_city-statehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_Athenshttp://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E1%BC%80%CF%81%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%AF%CE%B1http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E1%BC%80%CF%81%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%AF%CE%B1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democracyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democracyhttp://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0058:entry=dhmokrati/ahttp://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0058:entry=dhmokrati/ahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democracyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democracyhttp://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E1%BC%80%CF%81%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%AF%CE%B1http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E1%BC%80%CF%81%CE%B9%CF%83%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%B1%CF%84%CE%AF%CE%B1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classical_Athenshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_city-statehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_city-statehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_city-statehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_systemshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democracyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democracyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Greek


4/13

While theoretically these definitions are in opposition,in practice the distinction has been blurredhistorically.[2]

The political system of Classical Athens, for example,granted democratic citizenship to an elite class of freemen and excluded slaves and women from political

participation. In virtually all democratic governments throughout

ancient and modern history, democratic citizenshipconsisted of an elite class until full enfranchisementwas won for all adult citizens in most moderndemocracies through the suffrage movements of the19th and 20th centuries.

The English word dates to the 16th century, from theolder Middle French and Middle Latin equivalents.

Source:

^ Wilson, N. G. (2006). Encyclopedia of ancient Greece. New York: Routledge.p. 511. ISBN 0-415-97334-1. 4
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democracyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democracyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_Frenchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_Latinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_Frenchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_Latinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democracyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democracyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0415973341http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0415973341http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0415973341http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0415973341http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0415973341http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0415973341http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0415973341http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0415973341http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democracyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democracyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democracyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_Latinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle_Frenchhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democracy


5/13

One theory holds that democracy requiresthree fundamental principles:

1) upward control, i.e. sovereigntyresiding at the lowest levels of authority,2) political equality, and

3) social norms by which individuals andinstitutions only consider acceptable acts

that reflect the first two principles ofupward control and political equality

Source: ^ Kimber, Richard (1989). "On Democracy". Scandinavian Political Studies12(3): 201, 199219. ISSN0080-6757.

5
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democracyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Numberhttp://www.worldcat.org/issn/0080-6757http://www.worldcat.org/issn/0080-6757http://www.worldcat.org/issn/0080-6757http://www.worldcat.org/issn/0080-6757http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Numberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democracy


6/13

E-democracy (a combination of the words

electronic and democracy) is "the use ofinformation and communications technologiesand strategies by 'democratic sectors' within thepolitical processes of local communities,

states/regions, nations and on the global stage.( Source: ^ Clift,Steven. "E-Democracy, E-Governance and Public Net-Work"www.publicus.net September 2003.http://www.publicus.net/articles/edempublicnetwork.html).

6
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E-democracyhttp://www.publicus.net/articles/edempublicnetwork.htmlhttp://www.publicus.net/articles/edempublicnetwork.htmlhttp://www.publicus.net/articles/edempublicnetwork.htmlhttp://www.publicus.net/articles/edempublicnetwork.htmlhttp://www.publicus.net/articles/edempublicnetwork.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E-democracy


7/13

Democratic actors and sectors in this contextinclude, in order of importance, citizens/voters,political organizations, the media, electedofficials, and governments.

(Source: ^ ab Clift, S. (2004). E-DemocracyResource Links from Steven Clift - E-Government, E-Politics, E-Voting Links andmore. Retrieved July 10, 2009, fromPublicus.Ne-t Public Strategies for the OnlineWorld: Publicus.net )

E-democracy, like democracy in its ideal form, isa direct democracy. In practical form it has been an instantiation of

more limited forms of democracy.

7
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E-democracyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E-democracyhttp://www.publicus.net/articles/edemresources.htmlhttp://www.publicus.net/articles/edemresources.htmlhttp://www.publicus.net/articles/edemresources.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E-democracyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E-democracy


8/13

What is the relationship between democracyand the Internet?

Is the Internet an inherently democraticmedium?

Does it enhance democracy? Should it beused to spread democracy and democraticideals?

8


9/13

Deborah Johnson (2000) points out that claims involvingthe connection between the Internet and democracytend to be made in three different ways.

1. Some authors claim that the Internet is an inherentlydemocratic technology,

2. others claim that the Internet tends to facilitate oreven enhance democracy, and still others claim that

3. because democratic values are at stake in thecyberspace policies we adopt, we should develop theInternet along democratic principles.

Arguably, a fourth claim-namely, the Internet should beused to promote democracy and democratic ideals-alsoneeds to be examined.

9


10/13

China vs. Saudi Arabia Gordon Graham:

the Internet has provided individuals with greaterchoice and freedom in joining communities. Thus

Graham can be interpreted as suggesting thatInternet technology favors democratic values.

Richard Sclove: contemporary technologies tend to undermine,

rather than facilitate, democracy and community life

Cass Sustein: the Internet has both democracy-enhancing and

democracy-threatening aspects.

10


11/13

Graham:1. Political and Social Fragmentation

2. Democracy and the Problem of Irrationality

3. The Problem of Powerlessness in Representative

Democracies

11


12/13

12


13/13

Please relate the case study on PemiluTegang, Tenang dan Menang with Deborah

Johnson (2000) point of views.

13

democracy and the internet

Documents