activates schemata prepares ss for top down processing / more receptive / lowers affective filter / cultural help (L1)receptive > productive exposure in context / mirrors natural acquisition / noticing before usegist > detail lowers affective filter / stops students getting stuck on detailpersonalisation leads to greater cognitive depth / improves memorisation / improves motivationcontextualisation natural / noticing before use / aids comprehensioncollocations / chunks efficient (faster production) / reflects native speakers (fluency) / lexical approachcategorisation of lexis efficient / allows focus on usefluency builds confidence / practise TL in real-life situations / activates language / recycles languagelearner training increased autonomy / more effective learnersdrilling produce language without thinking / accuracy of pronunciation / improves memorisation / improves confidencebenefits of reading / listening focuses ss / activates schemata / motivation / engages sspre-teach vocabulary lowers affective filter / prevents blocking of key words / improves receptive ability before listening or readingauthentic materials real-life / interesting and motivating / exposure to natural lexisfocus on reading or listing sub-skills may not be transferred from L1 / makes ss more efficient / break bad habitsinductive approach deeper processing / increased cognitive depth / reflects L1 acquisitiondeductive approach saves time / more efficient with complex rules / meets learner expectationsaccuracy > fluency (PPP) builds confidence / lowers affective filter / build upon known language / meets learner expectationsrecycling vocabulary aids memorisations / motivatingvisuals good for visual learners / useful to convey meaning / engagingcollaborative learning increases autonomy / motivating / efficient for interpersonal learnerserror correction aids noticing / prioritises accuracy / greater cognitive depth / aids learner traininggiving ss a choice motivating / interesting / increased autonomymodel texts clear models of correct language / improves accuracyi + 1 aids acquisition / challenging / greater cognitive depthwritten record writing aids memory / record can be checked for accuracyfunctional language high surrender value (usable in real-life) / motivatingincrease autonomy ss wont always have a teacher / take responsibility / helps outside the classroomfocus on form improves accuracy / meets learner expectations / encourages noticing