delphine megaproject, exclusion and - land …...megaproject, exclusion and governance on the edge...
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Megaproject, exclusion and Governance On the edge of debate
Delphine
PhD Candidate
Department of Human Geography and Urban Planning
Faculty of Geosciences- Utrecht University
Case Study
TANGERANG MUNICIPALITY • A= 184,23 km2
• Pop= 1,4 million (2000)
• Cisadane River:
The Motive to re-develop • ENVIRONMENTAL REASONS
• Flood
• ECONOMIC REASONS • Hindrance the economic activities
• 1007 people fight
• Why oppose: • Since 17th century (no
land certificate due to politic)
• They pay taxes • Unofficial taxes victim • Historic place • Etc..etc..
Conflict w/ Chinese Benteng
upcoming re-development
project
Previous Lesson
Anggota Satpol PP menangkap warga saat bentrok dalam penggusuran di Kampung Cina Benteng, Neglasari, Tangerang, Banten, Selasa, 13 April 2010. Ribuan Satpol PP berunjuk rasa menuntut kejelasan status kepegawaian mereka.© Arie Basuki /Tempo (https://beritagar.id/artikel/berita/kenapa-satpol-pp-minta-diangkat-pns )
Warga Cina Benteng menghalangi alat berat yang hendak meruntuhkan tempat tinggal mereka dengan tidur di jalan saat Pemkot Tangerang menertibkan rumah di bantaran sungai Cisadane. (Foto: MI/ Gino) http://news.metrotvnews.com/read/2015/08/25/424342/ahok-cina-benteng-beda-dengan-kampung-pulo
Why China Benteng is important to City History? • Tangerang city has no distinguish culture; “it is
highly influenced by Cina Benteng culture” (Oey Tjin Eng, 2015)
• Cina – Chinese ; Benteng – Fort/castle • 1407 Sanghyang Anggalarang (head of the area)
married 9 Chinese women brought by Ship through Cisadane River under Captain Tjen Tjie Lung/Halung. And the rest men from the ship lived in the area and married with local people. Mixed family created since then
• 1683- Dutch Colonial build the fort to fight with Banten Imperial/Kingdom
• 1740 – mass murder by Dutch colony under Jendral Andriaan Valckenier killed 10.000 Chinese, after this mass murder, Ducth colony build new village that became one of Tangerang first history
• 1946 – NICA army (Nederlandsch Indië Civil Administratie) conflict made them move to Jakarta, then after the conflict ended, they were back to their land
• Re-development of Tangerang city area- Kota Pusaka project
Conflict w/ Chinese Benteng
upcoming re-development
project
Urban Heritage Tourism – Kota Pusaka to gain more economic benefits (Tourism spot)
• Non-Ragawi
• Ragawi
The Development Scenario
• 1st year (2015) – proposal to identify which urban heritage taken into account
• 2nd year Assessment, Strategic development area, Masterplan, DED
• 3rd year Integrated program, implementation, stakeholder discussion, Evaluation
• 4th year Integrated program, implementation, stakeholder discussion, Evaluation
Existing condition
Question
• could taking the value of local people into development strategy really minimize the opposition/rejection/protest of particular project??
(Initial) Framework • Time
Dimension
• Spatial Dimension
• How governance arrangement will influence the way people see Megaproject
Theoretical approaches • Megaprojects (Flyvbjerg et al, 2003)
• Blue print is always good
• Megaproject as displacement (Gellert and Lynch, 2003)
• Urban Political Ecology (Swyngedouw et.al 2003) • Why? Because Lehtonen (2014) said the
evaluation of social should be done as political interaction
• Spatial Justice (Soja, 2009)
• Sense of Place (Relph, 1997)
Socialize the Social Is it really working?