C O O P E R A T I V E B U L L E T I N # 1 4 2

DELAWARE HYBRIDFIELD CORN

PERFORMANCE TRIALS

2009

University of Delaware College of Agriculture and Natural Resources

Agricultural Experiment Station Cooperative Extension

Newark, DE 19716-2170

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KENT COUNTY

SUSSEX COUNTY

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NEW CASTLECOUNTY

Test plot locations

Commercial companies or products are mentioned in this publication solely for the purpose of providing specific information. Mention of a companyor product does not constitute a guarantee or warranty of products by the Agricultural Experiment Station or Delaware Cooperative Extension or anendorsement over products of other companies not mentioned.

Cooperative Extension Education in Agriculture and Home Economics, University of Delaware, Delaware State University and the United StatesDepartment of Agriculture cooperating. Robin Morgan, Director. Distributed in furtherance of Acts of Congress of May 8 and June 30, 1914. It is thepolicy of the Delaware Cooperative Extension System that no person shall be subjected to discrimination on the grounds of race, color, sex, disability,age, or national origin.

Dover Site

Sussex SiteDecember 2009

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Marydel

DELAWAREHYBRID FIELD CORN

PERFORMANCE TRIALS

C O O P E R A T I V E B U L L E T I N # 1 4 2

University of Delaware College of Agriculture and

Natural Resources Agricultural Experiment Station

Cooperative ExtensionNewark, DE 19716-2170

Dr. James A. HawkPlant GeneticistDepartment of Plant and Soil Sciences

Teclemariam WeldekidanScientistDepartment of Plant and Soil Sciences

Bob UniatowskiAssociate ScientistDepartment of Plant and Soil Sciences

John D. PesekAssociate ProfessorDepartment of Food and Resource Economics

Acknowledgments: Appreciation is extended to Kyle Mitchell, and Bud Hawkins for their assistance in planting and harvesting the commercial trials and to Brian Hearn and Vic Green,

Crops Research Coordinators, for their assistance in managing the trials. The authors are indebted to Chet Dickerson Farms, Thomas Family Farms for providing land

for these trials. We also thank Melody Phillips for her assistance in preparing this report.

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DELAWARE HYBRID FIELD CORN PERFORMANCE TRIALS - 2009

The 2009 Delaware hybrid field corn trials were conducted jointly by the University of Delaware's Agricultural Experiment Station and the Delaware Cooperative Extension Service, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources. Eighty hybrids were evaluated at three locations: Dickerson Farms at Dover, DE (center pivot irrigation); Thomas Family Farm at Marydel, DE (center pivot irrigation); and Research & Education Center at Georgetown, DE (lateral move irrigation). Hybrids were divided into three maturity groups; early (28 entries), early-medium (30 entries), and medium/medium-late (22 entries). Plans and rules for entering these trials are available upon request. Methodology

A randomized complete block design with four replications was used in all tests. Four row plots were planted with a Monosem airplanter. The center two rows of each plot were harvested with a small plot combine. Tillage and cultural practices are noted in Table 1. Weather information is summarized in Tables 2 and 3. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance and hybrids were ranked by yield in each test. Traits Measured • Yield was recorded in bushels per acre on the basis of 56 lb/bu and adjusted to 15.5% moisture. • % moisture is the actual percentage of grain harvest moisture determined by a grain analysis computer. • Yield/moisture (Y/M) is the yield in bu/A (adjusted to 15.5% moisture) divided by the grain harvest moisture. • Final population is the plant population per acre. • % stalk lodging is the percentage of stalks that were broken below the ear. • % root lodging is the percentage of plants that had lodged more than 30 o. • % ear drop is the percentage of ears found on the ground before harvesting.

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C.V. and L.S.D.

The coefficient of variation, or C.V., is a measurement of the amount of uncontrollable variability due to differences in the soil, weather, fertility, etc. C.V.'s below 15% are considered good. Please note that C.V.’s are expected to be higher at dryland locations particularly in drought years due to lower yields.

The least significant difference, or L.S.D., (computed at a 5% level of probability) is a tool to determine if two average values are significantly different. The difference between two hybrids must exceed the L.S.D. value to be considered significantly different. Example for yield: L.S.D. = 25 bu/A, hybrid X = 120 bu/A, hybrid Y = 150 bu/A. The difference between X and Y (30 bu/A) exceeds the L.S.D. (25 bu/A). Therefore, hybrid Y has a significantly higher yield performance than hybrid X. Note

When reviewing the enclosed data it is important to note moisture percentages when comparing hybrids within the same maturity. Comparisons should not be made between hybrids of different maturity groups since these are separate tests. These results are based on one year's data only and should be considered as preliminary results. Hybrid performance may vary from location to location and from year to year because of differences in rainfall, temperature, soil type, soil fertility, diseases, insects, and a variety of other factors. Growers will obtain the best estimate of individual hybrid performance by looking at performance data over several years and across locations. We have provided a column for each maturity group that calculates the average performance of hybrids over all locations. HOW TO BEST USE CORN HYBRID PERFORMANCE TRIAL INFORMATION:

Information presented in this summary may be useful in selecting corn hybrids for production in Delaware. In order to maximize the usefulness of this information, follow these suggestions:

1. Select the test location that best represents your production location(s). Generally, corn hybrids are widely adapted across Delaware but certain soil or climatic conditions, cultural practices, or insect/disease problems may limit the choice of an entry.

2. Multiple-year average (means) across the greatest number of years are the best predictors of performance. Refer

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to previous test reports for information to evaluate corn hybrids which are of interest to you. Comparison between your selected hybrid and the grand mean for that maturity group will be helpful in identifying superior hybrids. When evaluating test results across years or locations, we recommend that you give preference to trials with coefficients of variation less than 15%. Growers should also consider the cultural practices used for each trial.

3. Check the grand mean for the long-term averages and compare with your own production experience. If your

yields have been consistently below these grand mean levels, you should evaluate each part of your management system for potential areas of improvement.

4. Using long-term averages, select the hybrid or hybrids with which you are best acquainted or are currently utilizing

on your farm. Use these hybrids as “bench marks” when comparing new hybrids. Identify those hybrids which have over years produced yields higher than your selected bench mark variety. Hybrids with excessive ear drop and high lodging percentages should be avoided.

Summary of Results

The 2009 growing season was characterized by a wet spring during planting and favorable conditions through the rest of the growing season (Tables 2 and 3). Delaware grain corn yield is expected to average 145 bu/A compared to 121 bu/A in 2008 (Delaware Agriculture Statistics Service). European corn borer incidence was very low across locations. We had very low to no stalk and root lodging at the three testing locations. Northern corn leaf blight and gray leaf spot were very severe at Georgetown and Marydel locations. The Dover location plots were sprayed with Quadris a foliar fungicide and stayed green for a longer period which resulted in late harvesting.

Yields at Dover (Dickerson Farms) irrigated no-till location was excellent with an average yield of 232, 230, and 234

bu/A for the early, early-medium, and medium/medium-late maturity groups, respectively. There were significant differences for yield, moisture, yield over moisture, and plant population between hybrids for the early-medium and medium/medium-late maturity groups. There was a significant difference between hybrids for moisture only in the early maturity group. There was a significant hybrid difference for stalk lodging in the early-medium maturity group. In general there was very low to no stalk or root lodging at this testing location.

The Kent County irrigated site at Marydel, (Thomas Family Farms) yields were excellent with an average yield of 228,

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248, and 232bu/A for the early, early-medium, and medium/medium-late maturity groups, respectively. There were significant yield, moisture, and yield over moisture differences within hybrids across all maturity groups. There was a significant hybrid difference for plant population in the medium/medium-late maturity group. There was a significant difference in stalk lodging for the early and early-medium maturity groups only. There was also significant difference in root lodging among hybrids for the early-medium and medium/medium-late maturity groups.

Yields averaged 205, 223, and 214bu/A at the Sussex County site (Research & Education Center) for the early, early-

medium, and medium/medium-late maturity groups, respectively. There was a significant difference between hybrids for yield in the early and medium/medium-late maturity groups. There was a significant difference between hybrids for grain moisture across all maturity groups. There was a significant difference between hybrids for yield over moisture in the early and early-medium maturity groups. There was a significant difference between hybrids in plant population for the early and medium/medium-late maturity groups. There was also a significant difference in root lodging among hybrids for the medium/medium-late maturity group.

The grain yield rankings of hybrids across locations are provided in each table. A pooled yield average on the irrigated

locations and yield ranks are also provided for each hybrid. There are a few hybrids that had high yield rankings across most locations. We encourage growers to give strong consideration to hybrids with high average performance across locations and years and to use such hybrids as benchmarks for future hybrid decisions. However, growers should recognize that the relative performance of some hybrids might differ across environments. Careful hybrid selection should help stabilize yield performance in Delaware..

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TABLE 1. EXPERIMENTAL DETAILS AND CULTURAL PRACTICES.

Dickerson Farms

(Irrigated) Thomas Family Farms

(Irrigated)

Research & Education Center

(Irrigated) Number of entries 80 80 80 Number of maturities 3 3 3 Target Population plants/A

30,000 30,000 30,000

Row length 17.4’ 17.4' 17.4’ Number of rows harvested

2 2 2

Number of replications 4 4 4 Planting date May 14 April 30 April 27 Harvest date October 26 October 8 September 22 Soil type Sassafras sandy loam Sandy loam Rosedale loamy sand Previous crop Soybean Corn Soybean Cover crop None None None Tillage practices No-till Disked, ripped, field cultivator Disked, ripped, field cultivator Cultivation None None None Fertilization

14 gallons/A of 19-18.5-0 (N,P,K)

corn starter applied with planter, 60 gallons/A nitrogen side-dressed as

30% UAN solution at mid-whorl stage.

Four tons of manure spread before planting. 14 gallons of 19-18.5-0-3 (N,P,K,S) corn starter applied with planter. 12 gallon/A nitrogen side-dressed as 30% UAN solution at mid-whorl stage.

36 gallons /A of 7-0-40 (N-P-K) broadcast before planting. 14 gallons/A of 19-18.5-0 (N,P,K) corn starter applied with planter. 60 gallons of nitrogen side-dressed as 30% UAN solution at mid-whorl stage.

Herbicides

One quart of roundup, 3 quarts/A of Lexar, and 1 quart/A of simazine applied pre-emergence

3 quarts/A of Lexar and 1 quart/A of simazine applied pre-emergence

3 quarts/A of Lexar and 1 quart/A of simazine applied pre-emergence

Insecticide

5.5 lb/A Force 3G in seed furrow

5.5 lb/A Force 3G in seed furrow. 5.5 lb/A Force 3G in seed furrow

Irrigation Center pivot Center pivot Lateral move

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TABLE 2. DAILY TEMPERATURE AT OR NEAREST TEST LOCATIONS FOR THE 2009 DELAWARE CORN HYBRID VARIETY PERFORMANCE TRIALS DURING MAY AND JUNE.

Date of

Month

May June

Georgetown Dover Georgetown Dover

MAX

MIN MAX MIN MAX MIN MAX MIN

1 78 55 76 56 74 50 73 47 2 71 55 67 55 88 58 88 61 3 58 52 58 52 81 64 80 65 4 55 56 55 52 65 58 65 58 5 61 52 62 51 63 58 61 58 6 65 53 62 52 73 58 74 58 7 73 63 73 55 80 58 82 56 8 79 58 78 58 85 60 85 63 9 86 67 83 65 82 64 83 63 10 74 57 72 56 83 62 82 60 11 58 49 62 51 82 64 74 65

12 69 50 68 46 85 71 85 69 13 70 43 71 40 74 68 81 66 14 75 54 77 55 76 62 80 63 15 80 66 81 63 77 61 75 59 16 81 63 79 60 71 59 70 61 17 72 52 69 51 69 58 67 59 18 60 48 61 45 75 64 77 64 19 66 40 70 37 80 65 79 60 20 77 39 78 42 86 65 83 62 21 81 42 80 44 78 69 81 69 22 81 55 82 56 81 66 81 65 23 84 65 84 64 78 64 81 64 24 80 67 80 66 81 67 83 67 25 83 69 84 66 84 66 86 65 26 69 57 67 54 88 66 90 70 27 78 57 77 54 83 68 84 66 28 80 62 80 61 82 63 80 62 29 84 64 82 61 84 64 86 63 30 79 59 79 56 86 64 87 65

31 78 61 81 55 AVG. 74 56 73 54 79 63 79 62

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TABLE 2. DAILY TEMPERATURE AT OR NEAREST TEST LOCATIONS FOR THE 2009 DELAWARE CORN HYBRID VARIETY PERFORMANCE TRIALS DURING JULY AND AUGUST ( continued ).

Date of

Month

July August

Georgetown Dover Georgetown Dover

MAX

MIN MAX MIN MAX MIN MAX MIN

1 87 66 85 65 85 66 86 65 2 82 67 83 65 85 70 84 70 3 79 62 80 61 86 70 86 68 4 82 63 83 63 86 68 89 66 5 76 65 79 64 86 73 84 71 6 83 63 85 61 74 66 74 61 7 86 63 88 65 81 61 80 58 8 80 61 79 60 86 62 85 62 9 76 57 78 57 90 71 91 70

10 77 55 80 57 92 70 92 68 11 81 56 81 58 89 72 88 73 12 88 70 86 67 85 72 87 70 13 83 66 84 60 81 70 76 70 14 82 61 82 57 83 65 87 65 15 84 57 86 54 67 64 88 63 16 90 68 90 70 89 61 91 64 17 88 72 86 68 91 65 88 67 18 83 64 83 66 91 68 90 68 19 84 61 83 59 89 74 88 70 20 81 62 83 60 89 71 90 71 21 83 69 80 66 91 77 92 74 22 86 66 85 64 85 71 86 71 23 78 69 80 69 86 71 86 71 24 84 67 85 65 85 68 85 67 25 89 66 90 62 87 65 86 63 26 90 70 90 69 88 68 87 67 27 84 69 88 71 84 70 87 68 28 89 68 89 69 86 70 82 70 29 89 74 88 71 87 71 86 70 30 86 74 87 71 84 68 82 68 31 88 71 88 69 71 60 73 56

AVG. 84 65 84 64 85 68 86 67

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TABLE 3: DAILY RAINFALL (INCHES) AT OR NEAREST TEST LOCATIONS FOR THE 2009 DELAWARE CORN HYBRID VARIETY PERFORMANCE TRIALS. Date of

Month

May June July August

Georgetown

Dover

Georgetown

Dover

Georgetown

Dover

Georgetown

Dover

1 .20 .01 0 0 .33 .28 .01 0

2 .14 0 0 0 .04 0 .35 .28

3 .32 .49 .1 1.42 .12 0 .01 .01

4 .66 .81 .72 .51 0 0 0 0

5 .57 .48 .88 1.56 0 0 0 0

6 .12 .1 0 0 0 0 .67 .39

7 .65 .79 .01 0 0 0 .01 0

8 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

9 .17 .01 .54 .32 0 0 0 .15

10 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

11 .02 0 0 .14 0 0 .06 0

12 0 0 .09 .02 0 0 .04 .18

13 0 0 0 0 0 .09 .14 .04

14 0 0 .13 .04 0 .01 0 0

15 .13 .18 0 0 0 0 0 0

16 0 .03 0 .07 0 .01 0 0 17 .22 .5 0 .01 0 .01 0 0 18 0 0 2.34 .49 0 0 .01 .01 19 0 0 .01 0 0 0 .02 .05 20 0 0 .36 .99 0 0 0 0 21 0 0 0 0 .29 0 0 .16 22 0 0 .21 .35 .01 1.03 2.17 6.4 23 0 0 0 0 .21 0 .42 .02 24 0 0 .08 0 .11 0 .64 0 25 1.44 .01 0 0 .03 .06 0 0

26 .68 .51 0 0 .05 0 0 0

27 0 .01 0 0 .47 .01 0 0

28 0 0 0 0 0 0 .98 .56

29 .09 .73 0 0 .22 .87 .05 .76

30 0 0 0 .17 .01 .01 1.06 .14

31 .55 .11 .5 .41 0 0

TOTAL 5.96 4.77 5.47 6.09 2.39 2.79 6.64 9.15

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TRAITS: BVR = Roundup Ready + Corn borer + Root worm CB = Corn Borer CL = Clearfield GTCB = Glyphosate-resistant + corn borer HX = Herculex HXT = Herculex XTRA LL = Liberty Link PL = YieldGuard Plus PLRR = YieldGuard Plus + Roundup Ready RHXT = Roundup Ready + Liberty Link + Herculex XTRA RB = Roundup Ready + Corn borer RR = Roundup Ready RR2/YGCB = Roundup Ready 2 + YieldGuard + Corn borer RRRW = Roundup Ready + Root worm VT3 = YieldGard VT Triple 13V = YieldGuard + Corn borer + Root worm + Roundup Ready XRR = Roundup Ready