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Degree Courses

at German Universities

An Overview by Subject Area

9th Edition

© DAAD; as for May 2008; no updates within the PDF-version!



Publisher DAAD

Deutscher Akademischer Austausch Dienst

German Academic Exchange Service

Kennedyallee 50, D-53175 Bonn (Germany)

www.daad.de

Section: Promotion of Studies and Research in Germany, Internet

Project Coordination Alexander Haridi, Anne Münkel

Publishing House BW Bildung und Wissen Verlag und Software GmbH, Nürnberg

Editor Simone Krach-Kestin

Translation Guy Moore, Bad Honnef

Layout LPG Loewenstern Padberg GbR, Bonn

Typesetting W. Bertelsmann Verlag, Bielefeld

Printed by Moeker Merkur Druck GmbH, Köln

Print-run May 2008 – 10,000

Excerpt from www-en.studienwahl.de with the kind permission of the editors, Die Länder der

Bundesrepublik Deutschland and Bundesagentur für Arbeit (BA); responsible for the contents:

BW Bildung und Wissen Verlag und Software GmbH

© for the contents: Die Länder der Bundesrepublik Deutschland, Bundesagentur für Arbeit and

BW Bildung und Wissen Verlag und Software GmbH

© Degree Courses at German Universities 9th Edition: DAAD

Any reproduction, even of extracts, only with appropriate source details.

This publication was funded by the German Federal Foreign Office.




Degree Courses at German Universities 3

Content

6 Introduction

9 Abbreviations

15 1 Agriculture and Forest Science16 Farming/Agriculture, Viniculture

18 Forestry, Forest Management

20 Horticultural Sciences

21 Landscape Architecture, Landscape Management

23 Wood and Timber Management, Wood and Timber Engineering, Wood and Timber

Construction, Wood and Timber Interior Fitting and Refinishing

25 2 Engineering

26 Aerospace Engineering27 Architecture, Urban Planning

30 Automotive Engineering, Traffic and Transport Engineering

31 Civil Engineering

34 Electrical Engineering and Information Technology

37 Environmental Protection, Ecology, Waste Disposal Technology

39 Food Technology

41 Public Health Engineering, Medical Technology and Engineering

43 Industrial Engineering

45 Materials Sciences, Materials Engineering, Building Materials, Paper Engineering49 Mechanical Engineering

52 Mechatronics

54 Mining, Geoengineering, Mine Surveying

57 Navigation: Nautical Science, Ship Operations Engineering, Maritime Transport

58 Optical Technologies

61 Precision and Micro Engineering

62 Printing Technology and Media Technology

65 Production Engineering

66 Public Utilities Engineering, Facility Engineering

68 Regional and Area Planning




4 Degree Courses at German Universities

69 Ship Engineering, Nautical and Marine Engineering/Technology

70 Surveying/Geodesy, Cartography

73 Textile Engineering, Clothing Technology

75 3 Languages, Humanities, Cultural Studies, Art and Design

76 Art History

77 Cultural Studies

79 Design

81 Drama and Theatre Studies

82 German Studies

84 History

86 Interior Design

87 Jewish Studies, Judaic Studies88 Library Administration, Archive Administration, Documentation

91 Linguistic and Speech Sciences, including Phonetics, Linguistics and Rhetoric

93 Media

95 Media Studies, Journalism

96 Music, Performing Arts

99 Musicology

101 Philology, Classical

102 Philology, Modern

106 Philosophy108 Religious Studies

109 Translating and Interpreting

110 Visual Arts

113 4 Law and Economics/Business Administration

114 Business Information Systems

116 Commercial Law

117 Economic Sciences

123 Law124 Transportation and Logistics

127 5 Mathematics, Natural Sciences

128 Biochemistry

129 Biology

131 Biotechnology, Bioengineering

133 Chemistry, Food Chemistry

136 Computer Science

140 Domestic and Nutritional Science/Dietetics

141 Geography




143 Geosciences/Earth Sciences

145 Mathematics

148 Physics, Physical Engineering, Astronomy

151 Process Engineering/Chemical Engineering

153 Statistics

155 6 Medical and Public Health Services

156 Dentistry

157 Medicine

159 Nursing and Public Health Studies, Education and Management in the Public Health

System

160 Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Engineering

162 Therapy professions165 Veterinary medicine

167 7 Social Sciences

168 Educational Science

169 Political Science

170 Psychology

172 Religious Education

174 Social Sciences, Sociology

175 Social Work, Social Education, Social Affairs177 Sport

179 Theology (Catholic)

180 Theology (Protestant)

183 Higher Education Institutions in Germany

203 Alphabetical Index of Degree Courses

230 Goals, Roles and Programmes of the DAAD

232 Where to find more information

Content 5





Introduction

Welcome to the world of German highereducation! This guide provides an over-view of the wide range of study opportuni-ties, curricula and degree programmesthat Germany’s many higher education

institutions offer.

We have various types of higher educationinstitutions. There are traditional uni-versities, including technical universitiesand universities of technology and otheracademic institutions of equivalent status,such as medical schools and universities,universities of education, church col-

leges (Protestant), colleges of philosophyand theology (Catholic) and colleges anduniversities of art, film and music. And,finally, there are universities of appliedsciences (Fachhochschulen).

Traditional universities and institutionsof equivalent status teach and research.They are entitled to confer academic

degrees (Bachelor’s, Master’s, State Exam-ination, doctoral degrees and – in somecases – Diplom and Magister degrees).Universities also set and hold examina-tions. Those wishing to work in researchor academia can obtain the qualifica-tions they need from these institutions.The subjects offered by these are oftengrouped together in faculties, depart-ments, schools or other units. Typicalexamples include engineering, natural

sciences, medicine, law, economics andbusiness administration, social sciences,arts and humanities, and agriculturalsciences.

Universities of applied sciences (inGerman “Fachhochschulen” or some-times just “Hochschulen”, abbreviatedas FH and HS, respectively) differ fromthe traditional universities above in oneimportant respect. They do not awarddoctorates. Rather, these institutions pro-vide their students with the qualificationsneeded to work independently in their

chosen professions, where they apply thescientific knowledge and artistic skillsthat they have acquired in their academicstudies. Some of the degree programmesoffered by universities of applied sci-ences correspond with those offered byuniversities. The goals and contents of these programmes have a clear practi-cal and applied focus as expressed in the

name “universities of applied sciences”.Students of such programmes completeextended periods of practical training(internships, work placements, practicalsemesters) as an inherent part of theircurriculum. Students at universities of applied sciences graduate with a Bach-elor’s or a Master’s degree. In some cases,the Diplom degree is awarded with an FHlabel to denote that it was conferred by aFachhochschule.




Colleges of art, film and music offerdegree courses in artistic and musicalsubjects. They generally offer special artor music degrees. They are also entitled toconfer doctorates.

All of Germany’s higher education institu-

tions are currently reforming their degree

structure in accordance with the Bologna

Process. This involves a transition from

Diplom and Magister degrees to Bachelor’s

and Master’s degrees. Bachelor’s pro-

grammes last six to eight semesters, gen-erally equal to 180 credit points; Master’s

programmes last between two and four

semesters, covering a maximum of 120

credit points. Holders of a Master’s degree

meet the formal requirement for admission

to a doctoral programme at a university.

The winter semester 2007/2008 already

saw around two thirds of all degree pro-grammes offered with these internationaldegrees. The deadline for the final com-pletion of these reforms has been set at2010. This means that some courses andprogrammes will no longer be continued,while, in other cases, new courses and pro-grammes will be opened – sometimes atquite short notice.

Please also note that degree programmesqualifying graduates for an academic pro-fession will continue to end with a stateexamination degree (Staatsprüfung/Staats-examen). The professions in question are:Medicine, Dentistry, Veterinary Science,Pharmacy, Food Chemistry, Teaching, andLaw. The relevant chapters provide moreinformation on the structure and length of these degree programmes.

An English-German index of commondegree programme titles at the end of the brochure aims to help you gain a bet-ter understanding of the German higher

education system. You will also find a listof all the higher education institutions inGermany, along with important links onwhere you can find more information.

Admission: There are various ways toapply for a study place at a Germanhigher education institution. The ques-

tion of which route is the right one for youdepends on your chosen subject, on thehigher education institution in question,and on your country of origin. Internation-al applicants are required to present schoolor academic certificates that are also recog-nised as higher education entrance qualifi-cations in their country of origin or homecountry. International students often have

to apply direct to the International Office(Akademisches Auslandsamt) or to theRegistrar’s Office (Studierendensekreta-riat) at the university at which they wouldlike to study.

More than 100 German higher educationinstitutions only process applications fromabroad after these have been checked for

formal compliance by “uni-assist” (ServiceCentre for International Student Applica-tions).

On the other hand, higher educationinstitutions are increasingly deciding forthemselves who can study at their institu-tion on the basis of certain quality criteria.Furthermore, special qualifications suchas certificates confirming the completionof an internship or special aptitude or

Introduction 7





skills may be required before the studiesbegin. More information on questions of admission can be found at www.daad.de/zulassung, at www.uni-assist.de and atwww.anabin.de. anabin is a database (Ger-man language only) run by the CentralOffice for Foreign Education that providesinformation on the recognition of for-eign educational or academic certificates.Applicants from abroad are also generallyrequired to prove that they have adequateGerman language skills before they can

start studying in Germany. This proof canbest be provided by submitting certain lan-guage certificates.

Once you have decided on which subjectyou wish to study, the guide will providea detailed description of the programmesand degrees in alphabetical order.

The guide only contains information of relevance to degree programmes and

courses offered in Germany. For addi-tional information please check the otherDAAD publications.

The International Office (AkademischesAuslandsamt) and the Registrar’s Office(Studierendensekretariat) are the mostimportant contact points for foreign stu-dents at German higher education institu-tions (For a list of addresses: see page 183).

Please note:

Various German abbreviations have notbeen translated, especially in the list of course or programme providers. Where noexact English equivalent exists for a Ger-man institution, just the German title willbe given. The same applies to the degrees“Diplom” and “Magister”.

We now wish you all the best in your

search for a degree programme that meetsyour requirements and interests!




Abbreviations 9

Abbreviations

AKAD FH AKAD Fachhochschule (AKAD University of Applied Sciences)AkdBK Akademie der Bildenden Künste (Academy of Visual Arts)AMD Akademie Mode & Design (Academy of Fashion and Design)ASFH Alice-Salomon Fachhochschule für Sozialarbeit und Sozialpädagogik

Berlin (University of Applied Sciences – Social Work and Social

Education)BC Baltic College Güstrow (University of Applied Sciences)BiTS Business and Information Technology SchoolBLS Bucerius Law SchoolBTK Berliner Technische Kunsthochschule (Berlin Technical College of

Art)DHV Deutsche Hochschule für Verwaltungswissenschaften (German

University of Administrative Sciences)DIU Dresden International University

DSHS Deutsche Sporthochschule (German Sports University)EBS European Business SchoolEFB Evangelische Fachhochschule Berlin (Protestant University of

Applied Sciences Berlin)EFF Europa Fachhochschule Fresenius (European University of Applied

Sciences Fresenius)EHS Evangelische Hochschule für Soziale Arbeit (Protestant University of

Applied Sciences – Social Work)ESCP-EAP Europäische Wirtschaftshochschule (European School of Manage-

ment)Esmt European School of Management and TechnologyEUFH Europäische Fachhochschule (European University of Applied

Sciences)EvFH Evangelische Fachhochschule (Protestant University of Applied

Sciences)EvFHS Evangelische Hochschule für Soziale Arbeit (Protestant University of

Applied Sciences – Social Work)FABW Filmakademie Baden-Württemberg (College of Film Baden-

Württemberg)FernFH Fern-Fachhochschule (Distance Studies University of Applied

Sciences)




FernU Fernuniversität (Distance Studies University)FH Fachhochschule (University of Applied Sciences)FHAM Fachhochschule für angewandtes Management (University of

Applied Sciences – applied Management)FHdD Fachhochschule der Diakonie (Diaconia-University of Applied

Sciences)FHDW Fachhochschule für die Wirtschaft (University of Applied Sciences –

Business and Management)FHKunst Fachhochschule für Kunsttherapie, Kunstpädagogik und Kunst

(University of Applied Sciences – Art, Art Therapy and Art Educa-tion)

FHM Fachhochschule des Mittelstands (University of Applied Sciences of

the Small Business)FHTelekom Deutsche Telekom Fachhochschule (German Telekom University of Applied Sciences)

FHTG Fachhochschule für Technik und Gestaltung (University of AppliedSciences – Technology and Design)

FHTW Fachhochschule für Technik und Wirtschaft (University of AppliedSciences – Technology and Business)

FHVR Fachhochschule für Verwaltung und Rechtspflege (University of Applied Sciences for Administration and Legal Affairs)

FHW Fachhochschule für Wirtschaft (University of Applied Sciences –Business and Management)

FHWT Fachhochschule für Wirtschaft und Technik (University of AppliedSciences – Business and Technology)

FilmHS Hochschule für digitale Medienproduktion (The German FilmSchool)

FOM Fachhochschule für Oekonomie & Management (University of Applied Sciences – Economics & Management)

FU Freie Universität (Free University)

GSA Gustav-Siewerth-Akademie (Gustav-Siewerth-Academy)H Hochschule (Higher Education Institution)HandelsH Handelshochschule Leipzig (Leipzig Graduate School of

Management)HAW Hochschule für Angewandte Wissenschaften (University of Applied

Sciences)HAWK Hochschule für angewandte Wissenschaft und Kunst (University of

Applied Sciences and Arts)HBK Hochschule für Bildende Künste (College of Fine Arts)HCU HafenCity Universität (Harbour City University Hamburg)HdM Hochschule der Medien (Media University)HfBK Hochschule für Bildende Künste (College of Fine Art)





HFF Hochschule für Film und Fernsehen (College of Film andTelevision)

HfG Hochschule für Gestaltung (University of Design)HfGest Hochschule für Gestaltung (College of Design)HFH Hamburger Fern-Hochschule (Hamburg Distance Learning Institute)HfK Hochschule für Künste (University of Arts)HfKi Hochschule für Kirchenmusik (College of Church Music)HfKiM Hochschule für Kirchenmusik (College of Church Music)HfKM Hochschule für Kirchenmusik und Musikpädagogik (College of

Church Music and Music Education)HfKuD Hochschule für Kunst und Design (College of Art and Design)HfM Hochschule für Musik (College of Music)

HfMDK Hochschule für Musik und Darstellende Kunst (College of Musicand Performing Arts)HfMT Hochschule für Musik und Theater (College of Music and Theatre)HfP Hochschule für Politik (University for Political Studies)HfS Hochschule für Schauspiel (College of Drama)HFS Hochschule für Sozialwesen (University of Applied Sciences – Social

Studies)HFT Hochschule für Technik (University of Applied Sciences –

Technology)

HfTL Hochschule für Telekommunikation Leipzig (University of Telecommunications Leipzig)

HfWU Hochschule für Wirtschaft und Umwelt (Nürtingen – GeislingenUniversity of Business and Environment)

H:G Hochschule für Gesundheit & Sport (University of Health and Sport)HGB Hochschule für Grafik und Buchkunst (College of Graphic and Book

Art)HHN Hochschule Heilbronn (Heilbronn University of Applied Sciences)HJS Hochschule für Jüdische Studien (University for Jewish Studies)

HMT Hochschule für Musik und Theater (College of Music and Theatre)HPhil Hochschule für Philosophie (University of Philosophy)HS Hochschule (Higher Education Institution)HSBA Hamburg School of Business AdministrationHSF Hochschule der Sparkassen-Finanzgruppe (Sparkassen-Finanz-

gruppe-University of Applied Sciences)HS Gestaltung Hochschule für Gestaltung (University of Design)HSoG Hertie School of GovernanceHTW Hochschule für Technik und Wirtschaft (University of Technology

and Business)HTWK Hochschule für Technik, Wirtschaft und Kultur (University of

Applied Sciences – Technology, Business and Culture)

Abbreviations 11





HU Humboldt-Universität (Humboldt-University)IB-HS IB-Hochschule für Soziales und Kommunikation (University of

Social and Communication Studies)IBS International Business SchoolIH Internationale Hochschule (International University of Applied

Sciences and Arts)IHI Internationales Hochschulinstitut (International Higher Education

Institute)ISM International School of ManagementISS International Business School of Service ManagementIU International UniversityKathFH Katholische Fachhochschule (Catholic University of Applied Sciences)

KathFHS Katholische Fachhochschule – Hochschule für Sozialwesen,Religionspädagogik und Pflege (Catholic University of AppliedSciences – Social Studies, Religious Education and Nursing)

KH Muthesius Kunsthochschule (Muthesius Academy of Fine Arts)KHSB Katholische Hochschule für Sozialwesen Berlin (Catholic University

for Applied Sciences Berlin)KiH/KiHo Kirchliche Hochschule (Protestant Studies College)KuAk Kunstakademie (Academy of Arts)KuHMedien Kunsthochschule für Medien (Academy of Media Arts)

LuthThH Lutherisch Theologische Hochschule (Lutherian Theological College)MBS Munich Business SchoolMDH Mediadesign Hochschule (University of Applied Sciences – Media-

design)Merkur int. FH Merkur Internationale Fachhochschule (Merkur International

University of Applied Sciences)MerzAk Merz Akademie Hochschule für Gestaltung (Merz Academy –

University of Applied Sciences for Design)MFM macromedia fachhochschule der medien (Macromedia University of

Applied Sciences of Media)MHH Medizinische Hochschule Hannover (Hannover Medical School)NTA Naturwissenschaftlich-Technische Akademie (University of Sciences

and Technology)PH Pädagogische Hochschule (College of Education)PhThH Philosophisch-Theologische Hochschule (Catholic Studies College)Pop-Akad.BW Pop-Akademie Baden-Württemberg (Pop Music Academy of Baden-

Württemberg)Priv.FH private Hochschule (Private University of Applied Sciences)PTHV Philosophisch-Theologische Hochschule Vallendar (Catholic Studies

College Vallendar)




Abbreviations 13

RheinFH Rheinische Fachhochschule Köln (Technical University of AppliedSciences at Cologne)

SDI Hochschule für Angewandte Sprachen (University of AppliedLanguages)

SHB Steinbeis-Hochschule Berlin (Steinbeis University Berlin)SRH SRH Hochschule (SRH University of Applied Sciences)TFH Technische Fachhochschule (Technical University of Applied

Sciences)TH Technische Hochschule (Technical University)Theol. S Theologisches Seminar (Katholic Studies College)ThFak Theologische Fakultät (Theological Faculty)ThH Theologische Hochschule (Theological College)

TiHo Tierärztliche Hochschule (School of Veterinary Science)TU Technische Universität (Technical University)TUBergAk Technische Universität Bergakademie (Technical University Mining

Academy)U Universität (University)UBw Universität der Bundeswehr (University of the Federal Armed Forces)UdK Universität der Künste (University of the Arts)UMC University of ManagementWHL Wissenschaftliche Hochschule Lahr (Graduate School of Business

and Economics)WHU Wissenschaftliche Hochschule für Unternehmensführung (Graduate

School of Corporate Management)ZU Zeppelin University




1 Agriculture and Forest Science






Study Field Outline

Farming and agriculture address theeconomic and commercial use and culti-vation of farmland for crop and livestockproduction. This includes wine-growing(viniculture) and the processing of agricul-tural produce, such as dairy farming. Agri-culture is closely related to forest science/

forest management. Studies in agricultureand the more technology orientated fieldof farming at universities of applied sci-ences generally lead to careers in teaching,consultancy and administration, and morerarely to practical “hands-on” work as afarmer. Agriculture is based on science,engineering, economics and businessmanagement, and social sciences, includ-

ing the use of electronic control equip-

ment to produce optimum yields. Follow-ing the needs of present-day farming andagriculture, the field of phytomedicine,the theory of plant diseases and disorders,and their prevention, has taken on a muchmore important role. Organic farming,welfare-orientated animal husbandry,and the environmentally-compatible use

of artificial fertilisers (e.g. anti-water pol-lution measures) plus comprehensiveagricultural training that not only teachesthe principles of organic farming but alsodelivers a knowledge of marketing, corpo-rate management and product quality (e.g.the degree programme in organic farm-ing) are becoming ever more important.

1.1 Farming/Agriculture, Viniculture

Studies at Universities

Practical experience/internships:

Students are not generally required tocomplete a period of pre-study practicaltraining (work placements, internships)

before they commence their studies,although such training is generallyrecommended (6 weeks). In some cases,students are required to complete a pre-study internship (13 weeks to 12 months).6 to 12 months of practical training mustgenerally have been completed beforethe final examination is taken. All federalstates require that candidates for higheragricultural civil service positions, includ-ing teaching, have completed at least 12months of professional practical training

before they can be accepted. Aspiring agri-cultural engineers are recommended toacquire practical knowledge and insights.

Studies: Students initially take modules toacquire the scientific and socio-scientific

principles. like botany, zoology, chemis-try, agricultural meteorology, mathemat-ics and statistics, resource conservation.Specialist modules, like farm/agriculturalmanagement, plant/crop nutrition andphytopathology, plant/crop production,grassland farming, animal breeding andanimal husbandry, feed science, soilscience/pedology, agricultural engineeringand machinery, agricultural policy, mar-ket theory. Extension and consolidationoptions in crop science, livestock science,




Agriculture and Forest Science 17

agricultural engineering and machinery,agronomy and agribusiness, farming eco-nomics and social sciences, environmentalscience of agricultural landscapes. Cross-disciplinary modules also offered, e.g. agri-cultural information systems, professionalcommunication, scientific consulting.

Some universities divide the Bachelor’sprogramme into a basic and a main studystage / consolidation studies.

Programmes in this field

Berlin HU • Berlin TU • Bonn U •

Cottbus TU • Gießen U

(Gießen, Geisenheim) • Göttingen U •Halle-Wittenberg U • Hohenheim U

(Stuttgart) • Kassel U (Witzenhausen) •

Kiel U • München TU (Freising) • Rostock U

Studies at Universities of Applied

Sciences

Practical experience/internships: Pre-study internships of between 6 weeks and12 months are required as prescribed byfederal state regulations. Essentially, noproof of pre-study practical experience

needed if the applicant holds an appropri-ate vocational or school qualification.

Studies: Programme-dependent, vari-ously weighted modules on the scientific-technological principles of mathematics,statistics, physics, botany, animal biology,agricultural chemistry, soil science andregional studies, plant and animal nutri-

tion, agricultural machinery and engi-neering, agricultural production and theenvironment, plus economic, legal andsocio-scientific aspects. Complementarymodules on foreign languages, profes-sional information systems, agriculturalhistory, principles of management, etc.

Agriculture, agricultural management,

farming: Extension and consolidationcourses plus applied fields of specialisa-tion to be chosen from plant and

animal production, organic farming,agronomy, agricultural machinery andengineering, agricultural building, etc.

Viniculture, beverage technology:

Majors to be chosen in viniculture andcellar management or beverage technol-ogy.

International wine management:

Delivery of general specialist knowl-edge in the field of viniculture/viti-culture, oenology and in economics andbusiness administration, plus in fieldsof international wine management.


Anhalt HS (Bernburg, Köthen) • Bingen FH •

Dresden HTW • Eberswalde FH • Kiel FH(Osterrönfeld) • Köln FH •

Neubrandenburg HS • Nürtingen HfWU •

Osnabrück FH • Rottenburg HS •

Südwestfalen FH (Soest) • Weihenstephan

FH (Freising, Triesdorf) • Wiesbaden FH

(Geisenheim)





1.2 Forestry, Forest Management

Study Field Outline

Forestry and forest management deal withthe sustainable, planned and professionaluse of forests to meet the requirementsof human society, focusing on economicand commercial use as well as on thesignificance of forests and woods forthe environment and especially for the

viability of the biosphere, the climate, thewater balance, clean air, soil fertility, thecountryside, farming, agriculture and theinfrastructure, as well as rest and recrea-tion for the population. The importanceof this economic sector is illustrated bythe fact that one third of Germany’s sur-face area is covered by woods and forests.Wood (timber) is an important resource

and is, in economic terms, the mostimportant renewable raw material. Woodserves as an important commodity for thelocal timber and paper industry. Forest sci-ence and forest management also concernthemselves with questions of tropical rain

forests and global wood and forest ecosys-

tems, and with questions of internationalmarketing, for example. All in all, forestmanagement strives to optimise wood pro-duction based on ecological considerationswhile at the same time securing the pro-tective and recreational function of woodsand forests.

The diverse range of responsibilities per-formed by forest managers and engineerscall for an ability to solve biological andecological problems and for an under-standing of engineering and businessmanagement issues, plus knowledge of law, commercial skills and an extensiveknowledge of administration.

Universities of applied sciences pro-grammes in forest management concen-trate more on practical woodland man-agement and operational managementof forestry measures as district forestsupervisors.


Practical experience/internships: A study-integrated work experience internship of several months is completed in forestryfield offices and forestry companies.

Studies: Scientific and methodologicalprinciples of forest science and resourcemanagement, including relevant modulesin mathematics, chemistry, biology, soilscience/pedology and site ecology and

topology, forest botany, dendrology, cli-matology and forest meteorology, forestsite mapping and cataloguing, zoology,wildlife research, economic principles,forest law.

Scientific specialisation and consolidationthrough optional and core study areas.Modules on forest and woodland ecology,forest ergonomics and forest operationsengineering, forest exploitation, forest andwoodland management, forest policy, tim-





ber market studies, wood uses, forest andwoodland planning, landscape develop-ment, law, forest administration studies.Core areas like international forest eco-nomics, arboreal medicine, nature conser-vation and environmental law, plantation/orchard technology.

Universities have partly abolished the for-mal division of the basic and main studystage.


Dresden TU (Tharandt) • Freiburg U •

Göttingen U • München TU (Freising)


Sciences

Practical experience/internships: Depend-ing on the school/vocational qualifica-tions, a pre-study internship of severalweeks is generally required, e.g. in forestfield offices, forest companies. Integrated,professional practical semester completedduring the studies.

Studies: Initially, the programme deliversthe ecological, scientific, economic andtechnical principles with modules in bot-any, zoology, wildlife ecology, forest workscience, applied forestry engineering, soilscience, site ecology and topology, forestand woodland ecology, climatology, treespecies research, mathematics, surveying,

site mapping, statistics, applied comput-ing, business administration, health andsafety at work.

Specific consolidation in applied fields of

production, silviculture and forestry engi-neering, forest management, operationalmanagement, forest and woodland ecol-ogy. Majors enable students to specialisein fields like forest and local authoritymanagement, geographical informationsystems (GIS) and landscape manage-ment, tropical forest management, inter-national wood and timber trading, etc.

Complementary modules on topics likeproject management, foreign languages,quality management, forest and woodlandeducation.


Eberswalde FH • Erfurt FH • Hildesheim/

Holzminden/Göttingen HAWK (Göttingen) •

Köln FH • Rottenburg HS • WeihenstephanFH (Freising)





1.3 Horticultural Sciences

Study Field Outline

Horticulture builds on the scientific,economic, sociological and technical prin-ciples and knowledge needed to facilitatethe best possible environment-conservingcrop production and breeding for humannutrition and for the enhancement andvisual improvement of the living environ-

ment. Key areas include tree and shrubnurseries and gardening, fruit and vegeta-ble growing and ornamental horticulture,garden plant and seed growing, horticul-

tural management and market theory,

greenhouse technology, plant protection(pest control). Horticulture firstly deliv-ers a broad knowledge base in all fieldsof modern horticultural sciences, such asmodern production processes in intensivefarming, sustainable resource usage andbiological plant protection, and so leads toan ecological understanding of horticul-

ture; secondly, the teaching also deliversthe necessary economic and sociologicalknowledge and competence.


Practical experience/internships: Stu-

dents are either required to complete aneight-week basic and an eight-week workexperience internship or a six-monthvocational internship before they graduate.Students wishing to enter the higher agri-cultural civil services are urgently recom-mended to complete a one-year internship.

Studies: Initially, studies focus on learn-

ing the scientific principles and horticul-tural plant production. Modules includegeneral biology, botany, biomathematics,(bio)chemistry, physics, horticultural plant

production, horticultural engineering andtechnology, fruit, vegetable and ornamen-tal plant growing, tree nurseries, meteorol-

ogy, plant physiology, soil science/pedol-ogy, biostatistics, genetics, plant nutrition,phytomedicine. Extension and consoli-dation with focuses in biology, ecology,agronomy, engineering and economics.Complementary courses provide studentswith cross-disciplinary key qualifications.


Berlin HU • Berlin TU • Hannover U •

München TU (Freising)






Sciences

Practical experience/internships: Depend-ing on the school/vocational qualifica-tions, students are generally required tocomplete a pre-study internship of severalweeks, for example in a professional horti-cultural production and services company,in floristics, agriculture and forest man-agement. Students generally complete apractical or project semester during their

studies.

Studies: Modules in the scientific andhorticultural principles, like mathematical-physical principles, botany and genetics,chemistry, plant and crop production,plant nutrition and soil science, statisticsand research techniques, horticultural

market theory, ornamental plant growing,vegetable growing, tree nurseries, phyto-medicine, technical and business admin-istration principles, marketing and corpo-

rate management. Later, students extendand consolidate their knowledge withelective modules like ornamental plantgrowing, vegetable growing, fruit growing,tree nurseries, international horticulture,optimised production, horticultural mar-ket theory, business management andconsultancy or organic horticulture.


Berlin TFH • Dresden HTW • Erfurt FH •

Osnabrück FH • Weihenstephan FH

(Freising) • Wiesbaden FH (Geisenheim)

Study Field Outline

Landscape architecture prepares students

for positions as landscape architects.It delivers the knowledge and skillsrequired for planning, designing anddrawing up projects, for building, pre-serving, developing and recultivatingparks and open and recreational areasand spaces. The combination of art anddesign, science and ecology, planningand structural design plays an importantrole in this respect.

Besides the classical fields of park andrecreational area planning (open spaces),landscape planning and landscape gar-

dening/engineering, garden heritageconservation and village developmentprovide interesting new work areas withresponsibilities in cultural-historical man-agement, species and biotope protectionplanning, environmental compatibilityassessments plus leisure and recreationplanning. Landscape architecture/land-scape management offers orientation andconsolidation projects to prepare students,in particular, for future largely planning

1.4 Landscape Architecture,

Landscape Management





orientated careers. Students must haveartistic skills as an important prerequisitefor design-based, creative assignments.Programmes differ greatly from one insti-tution to the next.

The study of arboristics (trees and shrubs)focuses on the protection, care and devel-opment or urban greenery.


Practical experience/internships: 6 months before graduation. Credits for

other practical training (apprenticeships).

Basic study stage: Introduction to scien-tific principles and subjects like surveying,visualisation and design, projective geom-etry, soil chemistry, plants and buildingmaterials, botany, geobotany, soil scienceand site ecology and topology, ecology,history of building/built environment

history, open space, recreational and parkplanning, landscape engineering. Projectplanning, planning theory and methodol-ogy, planning-related sociology and otheroptionals and excursions.

Main study stage: Extension and consoli-dation studies in fields of open space/parkplanning, garden heritage conservation,recreational area development, urban ecol-

ogy, urban, rural and regional planning,meteorology, water management, environ-mental and planning law, landscape andrecreational planning, nature conserva-tion, environmental management.


Berlin TU • Dresden TU • Freiburg U •

Greifswald U • Hannover U • Kassel U •München TU (Freising) • Münster U •

Oldenburg U • Rostock U


Sciences

Practical experience/internships: Depend-ing on the school/vocational qualifica-tions, students are generally required tocomplete a pre-study internship of severalweeks, for example in horticultural andlandscape planning companies. A practicalsemester is generally completed duringthe studies.

Landscape architecture/landscape

management

Basic study stage: Lectures, exercisesand practical courses on the scientific,landscape engineering, technical, design,botanical/phytological, planning and eco-nomic principles.

Main study stage: Consolidation and ex-tension studies plus a wide range of option-als. Specialisation possible in open space/park planning, landscape and environmen-tal planning or landscape engineering.





Arboristics

Studies: Programmes focus on urbandendrology and site ecology and topology,protection, management, planning anddevelopment of urban greenery and teach-ing in the scientific, economic and legalprinciples.


Anhalt HS (Bernburg) • Berlin TFH •

Dresden HTW • Eberswalde FH • Erfurt FH •

Hildesheim/Holzminden/Göttingen HAWK(Göttingen) • Lippe und Höxter FH (Höxter) •

Neubrandenburg HS • Nürtingen HfWU •

Osnabrück FH • Weihenstephan FH (Freising,

Weihenstephan) • Wiesbaden FH

(Geisenheim, Wiesbaden)

Study Field Outline

Wood is extremely versatile and contin-ues, as ever, to be one of the most widelyused materials, often in combination withmetals, plastics, glass or other materials(furniture, construction). The processingof wood (sawn timber, veneer, boards),its manufacture into finished products(structural components, wooden units,furniture, wooden products) and use,

above all, in the chemical industry (cel-lulose, paper, fibreboard), have resulted

in the development of wood-specialisedtraining for industrial and materials engi-

neers.

Wood management covers the wood/timber industry, wood/timber trade andwood and timber research, while studiesin wood engineering offered by universi-ties of applied sciences concentrate onoperations management and productionengineering with specialisation in wood-

related fields.

1.5 Wood and Timber Management, Wood andTimber Engineering, Wood and Timber

Construction, Wood and Timber Interior Fitting

and Refinishing


Practical experience/internships: Studentsspend 8 weeks each in basic and extendedstudies with the opportunity to have anyrelevant vocational training credited to theircourse. Course integrated excursions.

Studies: Introductory studies and mod-ules on woodland and forest manage-ment, principles of mathematics, biology,chemistry and physics, wood physics andbusiness management. Extension and con-solidation modules include wood biology,wood chemistry, chemical wood technol-





ogy, wood physics, mechanical processengineering, forest production and ergo-nomics, wood and timber market studies.


Dresden TU • Hamburg U • Hannover U •



Sciences

Practical experience/internships: Depend-ing on the school/vocational qualification,

students complete a pre-study internshipof several weeks. Practical and projectphases of varying length are completedduring the studies.

Basic study stage: Lectures and practicalcourses in engineering and fundamentalscientific subjects.

Wood technology:

Main study stage: Materials sciencesand engineering, wood manufacturingand plastics processing, machine tools,structural design theory, electrical andenergy/power engineering, organisationof plant operations, applied computing,work theory, business administration and

management.

Wood and timber interior fitting and

refinishing:

Main study stage: Structural timberengineering, theory of structures, build-

ing materials, building chemistry, woodpreservation, building in existing fabric– refurbishing, converting, renovating,building law, building physics, facilityengineering, drywalling, interior fitting

and refinishing, production methods,business administration, building andconstruction management, corporateplanning.

Interior fitting:

Main study stage: Structural timber engi-neering, theory of structures, materials

science, building law, building physics,facility engineering, refinishing, drywall-ing, furniture making and interior fitting,production methods, business administra-tion, organisation, company planning.


Eberswalde FH • Hildesheim/Holzminden/

Göttingen HAWK (Hildesheim) • Lippe und

Höxter FH (Lemgo) • Rosenheim FH





2 Engineering





Study Field Outline

Aeronautical engineering deals with thedevelopment, construction, fitting andoperation of aircraft, in particular aero-planes and helicopters, and their constitu-ent components: cell (fuselage, wings/air-foils/aerofoils, tail planes, aileron/rudder),power plant, equipment.

Space engineering studies the develop-

ment, construction, and operation of spacetransport systems (rockets) and aerodynes(e.g. satellites) adapted to the specialconditions prevailing in space (vacuum,weightlessness, extreme temperature dif-ferences, high-energy radiation, extremespace and weight exploitation/efficiency).

Both fields seek to design systems that areas light as possible and extremely reliable.

2.1 Aerospace Engineering


Practical experience/internships: In mostcases 6 months, of which 2 or 3 months to

be completed before studies commence.

Basic study stage: Lectures, exercisesand practical courses, covering largely thesame fields as mechanical engineering,plus some initial specialist courses.

Main study stage: Special aerospace engi-neering subjects, like fluid dynamics and

flight mechanics, vehicle and power plantengineering, instrument and control engi-neering, aircraft electronics etc. Core study

options (differing greatly from one institu-tion to the next) include technical designof the aircraft cell and structure, aerospacepower plants and propulsion systems,

flight direction engineering, flight opera-tions, air traffic, astronautics.


Aachen TH • Berlin TU •

Braunschweig TU • Dresden TU • München

TU (Garching, München) • München UBw

(Neubiberg) • Stuttgart U


Sciences

Practical experience/internships: Depend-ing on the school/vocational qualifica-

tions, students are required to complete apre-study internship of several weeks, forexample in metal, mechanical or electricalengineering. Practical phases of varyinglength completed during the studies.




Engineering 27

Studies: Base modules deliver the scientif-ic, technical and mathematical principles:mathematics, projective geometry, physics,engineering mechanics, thermodynam-ics, electrical engineering and electronics,metrology, etc., complemented by appliedmodules, like aerodynamics, conceptionand technical design (including ComputerAided Design – CAD), production engi-neering, flight mechanics, lightweightengineering, power plant engineering,machine dynamics, control engineering,

fluid mechanics, materials engineering,finite element methods. Depending on therange of studies offered, specialisation infields like aircraft engineering, cabins and

cabin systems. Occupational field specifickey qualifications, such as technical Eng-lish, presentation techniques, operationaland work organisation, cost accounting,

management skills.

In some cases, study-integrated flighttraining may also be completed at a coop-erating fight school.


Aachen FH (Aachen, Jülich) • Bremen HS •Göttingen FH priv. (Stade) • Hamburg HAW •

München HS • Osnabrück FH • Wildau TFH

2.2 Architecture, Urban Planning

Study Field Outline

Students of architecture are concernedwith the planning, design and execution of residential homes, public buildings, indus-trial facilities (civil engineering) as wellas with complex urban development andredevelopment projects. These responsi-

bilities take into consideration technical,design and economic aspects, as well asbuilding regulation standards and theneeds of the people living, learning, work-ing and relaxing in these buildings andareas. Hence, artistic design, on the onehand, and technically mature engineer-ing plus economic and business realisa-tion, on the other, play an important role.Besides ecological aspects (energy, envi-ronment) that are increasingly coming tothe fore, growing importance also attaches

to the redevelopment and renovation of old and existing buildings and to the ques-tion of preserving historical monuments(built heritage), such as listed buildings.Architects often collaborate with civilengineers, above all in the planning andsite management of complex projects.Architects must also coordinate with

the authorities and building companies.To determine the art and design basedaptitude of candidates, numerous institu-tions have established a special placementprocedure that assesses student aptitudebefore admission to a degree programme.

The 3-year Bachelor‘s programme formsthe basis for a subsequent, 2-year consecu-tive Master‘s programme which, togetherwith generally 2 years of professionalpractical training, leads to enrolment in





the Register of Architects and the right tobear the professional title of architect. Inaddition, studies in architecture are alsooffered in the form of an 8-semester Bach-elor‘s programme. The degree awarded incombination with professional practicaltraining also meets the standards set outin the EU architects directive.

Urban planning and development, includ-ing regional planning, addresses thedirection and management of building

and regional development projects inresidential, community and municipalareas, including traffic and transport,utilities, services and waste disposal, landuse regulation plus nature and landscapeconservation. To meet these responsibili-ties, urban developers (urban planners)must be aware of and consider the interac-tions between political, social, economic

and engineering aspects. As experts, theyadvise their clients and present variouspotential solutions, e.g. in the form of land

usage and development plans, conversionand redevelopment concepts. Urban plan-ning is generally studied as a core areawithin architecture, regional planning,

civil engineering and surveying degreeprogrammes, or is offered in conjunctionwith other disciplines. Specifically, thefollowing options are available: independ-ent programmes in urban planning with afocus on urban development; independentprogrammes in regional planning with afocus on urban development; extension

and consolidation studies in urban devel-opment as part of a degree programme inarchitecture, civil engineering, surveying(geodesy) or landscape architecture, or anappropriate postgraduate course in thesesubjects. Those wishing to work in thefield of landscape architecture can gainthe appropriate qualifications by taking adegree programme in landscape conser-

vation, landscape planning or landscapearchitecture.

Studies at Universities and Art

Colleges

Practical experience/internships: 3 to 6 months before or during the stud-ies, with around half the time spent inbuilding or related trades and the otherhalf in an architectural office (planningoffice).

Basic study stage: Lectures, exercises andpractical courses in projective geometry,mapping and surveying, drawing anddesigning, principles of structural theoryand design planning, building theory,

building physics, building chemistry,building materials, cost-calculating forbuilding projects, building and construc-

tion information systems, history of artand construction, facility engineering,building regulations and law, urban plan-ning.

Main study stage: Extension and con-solidation studies in all subjects, aboveall structural theory and design planning,with the production of major design andstudy projects, plus acquisition of basiceconomics, social sciences and law skills.Increasingly important extension and con-




Engineering 29

solidation subjects include regional plan-ning and landscape planning; importanturban development areas include historyof the built environment, basic ecologicalaspects, planning studies, local authorityplanning, regional/state planning, preser-vation of historical monuments (built her-itage), traffic and transport, and law.


Aachen TH • Alanus HS (Alfter) •

Bamberg U • Berlin TU • Berlin UdK •

Braunschweig TU • Bremen U • Cottbus TU •Darmstadt TU • Dortmund TU •

Dresden TU • Hamburg HCU • Hamburg

HfBK • Hannover U • Kaiserslautern TU •

Karlsruhe U • Kassel U • München TU •

Siegen U • Stuttgart AkdBK • Stuttgart U •

Weimar U • Wuppertal U


Sciences

Practical experience/internships: Depend-ing on the school/vocational qualifications,students complete a pre-study internshipof several weeks, for example in an archi-tectural/planning office and/or a construc-

tion company. Practical phases of varyinglength completed during the studies.

Studies: Modules in creative design andprojection (principles, projective geometry,architectural visualisation, drawing andCAD), design (building theory, buildingdesign, urban planning and development),

engineering (load-bearing structures,structural engineering, structural theory,building physics and materials science,facility engineering, climate appropriatebuilding, structural damage), history andtheory (theory of architecture, history of art and buildings, preservation of histori-cal monuments build heritage), building

mapping and surveying, planning andbuilding operations (planning and build-ing regulations law, planning manage-ment, fire safety), cultural principles (aes-thetics, sociology, lifestyle and culture).Complementary cross-disciplinary coursesand foreign languages. Great importanceattaches to practical study projects.


Aachen FH • Anhalt HS (Dessau) • Augsburg FH • Berlin TFH • Biberach HS • Bielefeld FH

(Minden) • Bochum HS • Bremen HS • Coburg HS • Darmstadt HS • Dortmund FH •

Dresden HTW • Düsseldorf FH • Erfurt FH • Frankfurt am Main FH • Gießen-Friedberg FH

(Gießen) • Heidelberg HS • Hildesheim/Holzminden/Göttingen HAWK (Hildesheim, Holzminden) •

Hochschule21 (Buxtehude) • Kaiserslautern FH • Karlsruhe HS • Koblenz FH • Köln FH •

Konstanz HS • Lausitz FH (Cottbus) • Leipzig HTWK • Lippe und Höxter FH (Detmold) •

Lübeck FH • Mainz FH • München HS • Münster FH • Nürnberg HS • Nürtingen HfWU •

Oldenburg / Ostfriesland / Wilhelmshaven FH (Oldenburg) • Potsdam FH • Regensburg FH •Saarland HTW • Stuttgart HFT • Trier FH (Trier) • Wiesbaden FH • Wismar HS • Würzb.-

Schweinf.-FH (Würzburg) • Zittau/Görlitz HS (Zittau) • Zwickau HS (Reichenbach)





2.3 Automotive Engineering,

Traffic and Transport Engineering

Study Field Outline

Automotive engineering is a branch of mechanical engineering and covers thebuilding and operation of vehicles withthe exception of aerospace and marineengineering, so above all car manufactur-ing and rail vehicles. Key areas of general

mechanical engineering are complement-ed by electrical engineering, electronics,IT/information systems and other fields inaccordance with the special demands thatthe many types of passenger and commer-cial vehicles have to meet.

Positioned between automotive engineer-ing and traffic route engineering, the fieldof modern traffic and transport engineer-ing deals with cross-disciplinary ques-tions relating to the organisation of trafficflows and the design and dimensioningof traffic systems for passenger and goodstransport. It studies the complex interplay

between the various transport and traf-fic systems (motor vehicles, aircraft, railvehicles and ships) and develops potentialtraffic planning solutions. In view of theever-growing volume of traffic, the fieldof applied traffic engineering is a key toensuring our continuing mobility.

Studies at Universities and

Universities of Applied Sciences

Practical experience/internships: Depend-ing on the school/vocational qualifica-tions, students generally complete arelevant pre-study internship of severalweeks. An internship is recommended

before starting university studies. Practicalphases of varying length are completedduring the studies.

Automotive engineering

Basic study stage: Lectures and practi-cal courses in mathematics, engineeringmechanics, physics, thermodynamics,electrical engineering/electronics, chemis-try/materials science, projective geometry,technical design, components, measure-

ment, testing and control technology,computing, fluidics, hydraulics and pneu-matics, cultural and social studies.

Main study stage: Combustion engines,motion analysis, machine dynamics,structural calculation, stability theory,electronics, auxiliary machines and heat

exchangers, plus further courses as per thechosen specialisations e.g. manufactureand operation, computer-aided-engineer-ing (including computer-aided technicaldesign, chassis engineering (simulation),light-weight engineering, numerical math-ematics), sensor technology, measurementengineering/metrology, vehicle informa-tion systems, vehicle energy managementsystems, road vehicles, special purposeand utility vehicles, rail vehicles, body-work/chassis engineering, motor vehicle




Engineering 31

inspection engineering, vehicle damageand assessment, maintenance and servic-ing, customer services.

Traffic and Transport Engineering

and Technology

Basic study stage: Delivery of the math-ematical, technical-methodological andphysical principles. Introduction to trafficand transport, information technology forengineers, materials engineering, design

theory, mechanics. Optional modules likeelectrical engineering, metrology, theoryof traffic planning, economics and busi-ness administration.

Main study stage: Specialised trainingbased on the subjects from the basic studystage. Depending on the range of sub-jects and choice of core study areas, pro-

grammes prepare students for positionsin various career fields. Typical core areasinclude traffic and transport planning andoperations, traffic management planning,passenger and goods transport, logistics

and systems, traffic telematics, ship andmarine engineering, aerospace engineer-ing. Complementary exercises, excursionsand project work.


Aachen FH (Aachen, Jülich) • Aachen TH •

Bayreuth U • Berlin FHTW • Berlin TU •

Bingen FH • Bochum HS • Braunschweig /

Wolfenbüttel FH (Wolfsburg) •

Braunschweig TU • Chemnitz TU •

Coburg HS • Cottbus TU • Darmstadt HS •

Darmstadt TU • Dortmund FH •

Dresden HTW • Dresden TU •

Esslingen HS • Frankfurt am Main FH •

Freiberg TUBergAk • Hamburg HAW •

Hamburg UBw • Heilbronn HHN •

Ilmenau TU • Ingolstadt FH • Karlsruhe HS •

Kaiserslautern TU • Konstanz HS •

Landshut FH • Köln FH • München HS •

München TU (Garching, München) •

Osnabrück FH • Ravensburg-Weingarten HS(Weingarten) • Reutlingen HS •

Stralsund FH • Stuttgart U • Südwestfalen

FH (Iserlohn) • Ulm HS • Weingarten PH •

Wildau TFH • Wuppertal U • Zwickau HS

Study Field Outline

Civil engineering encompasses theplanning, structural calculation andexecution of industrial structural and civilengineering projects: urban/municipalcivil engineering (foundations, sewagesystems, water utilities, sewage plants);urban development and traffic (roads, railtracks, pipelines, drains, harbours and

ports, airports); hydraulic engineering andwater management (river engineering/flood control engineering, dams, dykes,hydroelectric power stations, water utilitynetworks and sewage treatment); structur-al engineering projects (bridges, towers,industrial and administrative buildings).The structural engineering design aspectof building is particularly important,while studies also consider economic, eco-

2.4 Civil Engineering





logical, sociological and cultural aspects.Civil engineers contribute to preservingstructural facilities and buildings. Thewidespread use of computing has resultedin a new branch, namely building and con-struction information systems.

University of applied sciences pro-grammes in building physics concentrateon the physical aspects of construction(noise, heat, damp and fire safety, lightand solar technology, power economics,

building (structural) damage analysis).

The responsibilities of civil engineeringand architecture overlap here. Hence, civilengineers and architects take on organisa-tional responsibilities that extend beyondthe scope of structural engineering designand artistic design. They supervise build-ing sites, e.g. (site management or site

engineers), monitor the progress and qual-ity of the building work and ensure that

building activities proceed efficiently. Thisis why a knowledge of building regulationsand law plus business administration andmanagement, as well as the ability to lead

and supervise people are important. Incertain circumstances, a knowledge of for-eign languages is advantageous, especiallyEnglish, since Germany’s universities areincreasingly establishing internationaland European degree programmes in civilengineering which specifically prepare stu-dents for assignments abroad.

Practical experience through practicalsemesters or subject-relevant vacation jobsis particularly important in respect of astudent‘s later career entry.

Facility management programmes trainspecialists for tasks at the interfacebetween building and real estate manage-

ment (see Utility Engineering, FacilityEngineering).


Practical experience/internships: Build-ing site internship of 2 to 4 months before

and during the studies.

Studies: Basic studies with modules inmathematics, projective geometry, physics,information systems/computer science,engineering mechanics. Subject-specificmodules, like surveying, building materi-als, building chemistry, building physics,structural design, structural calculationand strength of materials science, structur-al engineering, geology and soil mechan-ics, building site operations and building

management, traffic and transport, waterengineering and management, communityand urban water management, numericalmethods, CAD, construction machin-

ery and machine engineering, buildingand construction law. Depending on theinstitution in question, opportunities forspecialising in areas like building siteoperations and building site management,structural engineering (concrete, steel,wood), traffic, transport and infrastructure,geoengineering and water management/hydraulic engineering, environmentalengineering, foundation engineering. Typ-ical cross-disciplinary modules on work-ing methods, foreign languages, business




Engineering 33

management, presentation techniques, ora cross-disciplinary project.

Studies may be divided into a basic and amain study stage.


Aachen TH • Bamberg U • Berlin TU • Bochum U • Braunschweig TU • Cottbus TU •

Darmstadt TU • Dortmund TU • Dresden TU • Duisburg-Essen U (Essen) • Hamburg HCU •

Hamburg-Harburg TU • Hannover U • Kaiserslautern TU • Karlsruhe U • Kassel U • Lüneburg U

(Suderburg) • München TU • München UBw • Münster U • Siegen U • Stuttgart U •

Weimar U • Wuppertal U


Sciences

Practical experience/internships: Depend-ing on their school/vocational qualifica-tions, students generally complete apre-study internship of several weeks, forexample on building sites or in construc-

tion companies. Practical phases of varyinglength are completed during the studies.

Studies: Modules on mathematical, scien-tific and engineering principles, similar touniversity studies. Subject-specific mod-ules on engineering mechanics, structuralanalysis, building materials and buildingchemistry, building design, technical

visualisation, building physics, engineer-ing geology, surveying, photogrammetry,preservation of buildings, quality assur-ance, building and real estate manage-ment, project management. Specialisa-tion options in core areas like buildingmanagement, construction management,structural engineering, traffic, transportand infrastructure, water managementand environmental engineering, build-ing redevelopment and redevelopment,disposal site engineering – often in con-

nection with professional work experienceprojects. Complementary modules in law,languages, social aspects, arts and culture.



Aachen FH • Augsburg FH • Berlin FHTW •

Berlin FHW • Berlin TFH • Biberach HS •

Bielefeld FH (Minden) • Bochum HS •

Bremen HS • Coburg HS • Darmstadt HS •

Deggendorf FH • Dresden HTW • Erfurt FH •

Frankfurt am Main FH • Gießen-Friedberg FH

(Gießen) • Hildesheim/Holzminden/Göttingen

HAWK (Hildesheim, Holzminden) • Hoch-

schule21 (Buxtehude) • Kaiserslautern FH •

Karlsruhe HS • Koblenz FH • Köln FH •

Konstanz HS • Lausitz FH (Cottbus) •

Leipzig HTWK • Lippe und Höxter FH

(Detmold) • Lübeck FH • Magdeburg-Stendal

FH (Magdeburg) • Mainz FH • München HS •

Münster FH • Neubrandenburg HS •

Nürnberg HS • Oldenburg / Ostfriesland /

Wilhelmshaven FH (Oldenburg) • Potsdam FH •

Regensburg FH • Saarland HTW • Stutt-

gart HFT • Trier FH (Trier) • Wiesbaden FH •Wismar HS • Würzb.-Schweinf.-FH

(Würzburg) • Zittau/Görlitz HS (Zittau)





2.5 Electrical Engineering andInformation Technology

Study Field Outline

Electrical engineering makes the wholerange of electrical and electromagneticforms and laws available for technicalapplications. Today, the field is substan-tially shaped by the advances made ininformation and communications technol-

ogy (ICT) and by microelectronics. Follow-ing the various requirements of practiceand application, several study areas havedeveloped. The most important of theseare: electrical power engineering, infor-mation and communications technology(communications engineering), (micro)electronics, automation engineering, andgeneral electrical engineering, whereby

the latter contains study areas from theabove-mentioned areas in the sense of abroad-based training.

Electrical power engineering encompasses

the generation, transmission, distribution

and application of electrical energy. This

includes disciplines like electrical mechani-

cal engineering, electric heat, high-voltage

engineering, power supply and performanceelectronics. Renewable energies (sun, wind,

biomass) are meeting with growing interest.

Information and communications technol-ogy (communications engineering) dealswith the transmission, communicationand processing of messages (information)using wireless or landline technology. Keybranches include digital signal process-ing, electrical and optical communicationstechnology, high frequency engineering

and communications networks. Due to thegreat significance of digital communica-tions technology (digital engineering), theuse of computers and programmable proc-esses plays a predominant role in this field.

Automation engineering deals with thedevelopment and application of proce-

dures for controlling technical processes,including the development of the requisitehardware and software for these processes.Automation tasks plus instrumentationand control problems require, among otheraspects, the application of systems theoryand control technology methods, measure-ment technology/metrology, process com-puter and communications technology.

(Micro)electronics is of great significancefor all three fields. With its developmentof electronic circuits, semiconductor ele-ments and highly-complex integratedcircuits, it forms the basis for the commer-cial and technical expansion of the above-mentioned fields. This study area treatsboth the physical-technical principles of

electronic components as well as theirsystems-specific, i.e. applications focusedaspects. Computer-aided design methodsand simulation techniques play a majorrole, along with technological aspects.

Light is used to gain and transmit infor-mation, and to reproduce it on monitorsand displays. Occupational fields foroptoelectronic engineers include, interalia, laser engineering, image processing,optical communications engineering and




Engineering 35

optical sensors used in industry, trafficand transport engineering and in medicalengineering and technology.

Key base subjects for studying electricalengineering include mathematics, physicsand applied computer science/informationsystems, whereby mathematics is moreimportant here than in other engineeringdisciplines. Mechanics, materials sci-ences, engineering thermodynamics areimportant complementary subjects. Yet,

business administration principles andmanagement methods are also studied. Inthe advanced stages, systems theory plays

an important role, since it deals with mod-elling (simulation), analysing and opti-mising the complex information, powerengineering and automation systems. A

wide range of specialisation options areavailable that are not given closer treat-ment here. The following are closelyrelated to electrical engineering: mechani-cal engineering, particularly precisionengineering, mechatronics and computerscience. Since the various branches are soclosely linked, students should avoid very

early specialisation. However, early experi-ence with applications, e.g. in internships,helps facilitate the later career entry.


Practical experience/internships: Gener-ally, a 26-week industrial internship to bedivided equally between the basic and themain study stage; an internship is recom-mended before studies begin.

Basic study stage: Lectures, exercises andpractical courses in electrical engineering,applied computer science/information sys-tems, mathematics, physics as well as uni-versity-specific, complementary subjects,

such as mechanics, electrical engineeringmaterials, components, systems theory, andthe principles of business administration.

Main study stage: Besides consolidationand extension courses in information andcommunications technology (ICT), electri-cal power/energy engineering, automationengineering, microelectronics and gen-eral electrical engineering, focuses, e.g.on wireless engineering / mobile phonetechnology, optical communications tech-nology, telecommunications networks,micro and nanoengineering, multimediasystems, medical engineering and tech-nology, traffic management technology,electrically-driven vehicles, renewable

energies, etc.


Aachen TH • Bayreuth U • Berlin TU • Bochum U • Braunschweig TU • Bremen Jacobs

University • Bremen U • Chemnitz TU • Clausthal TU • Cottbus TU • Darmstadt TU •

Detmold HfM • Dortmund TU • Dresden TU • Duisburg-Essen U (Duisburg) • Düsseldorf HfM •

Erlangen-Nürnberg U (Erlangen) • Hagen FernU • Hamburg UBw • Hamburg-Harburg TU •

Hannover U • Ilmenau TU • Kaiserslautern TU • Karlsruhe U • Kassel U • Kiel U •Magdeburg U • München TU • München UBw (Neubiberg) • Münster U • Paderborn U •

Rostock U • Saarbrücken U • Siegen U • Stuttgart U • Ulm U • Wuppertal U






Sciences

Practical experience/internships: Depend-ing on their school/vocational qualifica-tions, students complete a pre-studyinternship of several weeks in a craftstrade or an industrial electrical company.Practical phases of differing length arecompleted during the studies.

Studies: At the start of the studies, mod-

ules like mathematics, technical physics,principles of electrical engineering/elec-tronics, CAD methods, computer science/information systems, measurement engi-neering/metrology, materials and compo-nents provide students with a knowledge

of the engineering principles. This issubsequently extended and consolidatedby taking modules like telecommunica-tions, signal processing, power electronics,

microprocessor engineering, electricaldrives, control engineering, simulationengineering, analogue and digital switch-es. Depending on the institution in ques-tion, choice of core study areas, like electri-cal power engineering, communicationsengineering, electronics, high frequencyengineering, measurement and automatic

control technology (automation engineer-ing), technical information systems. Com-plementary modules in key qualifications,like technical English, work organisation/job planning, quality assurance, businessmanagement.


Aachen FH (Aachen, Jülich) • Aalen HS • Albstadt-Sigmaringen HS (Albstadt) • Amberg-WeidenFH (Amberg) • Anhalt HS (Köthen) • Aschaffenburg FH • Augsburg FH • Berlin bbw •

Berlin FHTW • Berlin TFH • Biberach HS • Bielefeld FH • Bingen FH • Bochum HS •

Bochum TFH • Bonn-Rhein-Sieg FH (Sankt Augustin) • Brandenburg FH • Braunschweig /

Wolfenbüttel FH (Wolfenbüttel) • Bremen HS • Coburg HS • Darmstadt FernHS (Darmstadt,

Pfungstadt) • Darmstadt HS • Deggendorf FH • Dortmund FH • Dresden HTW •

Düsseldorf FH • Essen FOM (Essen) • Esslingen HS (Esslingen, Göppingen) • Flensburg FH •

Frankfurt am Main FH • Fulda HS • Furtwangen HS • Gelsenkirchen FH (Bocholt, Gelsenkirchen) •

Gießen-Friedberg FH (Friedberg, Gießen, Wetzlar) • Hamburg HAW • Hannover FH •

Heidelberg HS • Heilbronn HHN (Heilbronn, Künzelsau) • Hildesheim/Holzminden/Göttingen

HAWK (Göttingen) • Hof FH • Ingolstadt FH • Jena FH • Kaiserslautern FH • Karlsruhe HS •

Kempten FH • Kiel FH • Koblenz FH • Köln FH (Gummersbach, Köln) • Köln RheinFH •

Konstanz HS • Landshut FH • Lausitz FH (Senftenberg) • Leipzig HfTL • Leipzig HTWK • Lippe

und Höxter FH (Lemgo) • Lübeck FH • Magdeburg-Stendal FH (Magdeburg) • Mannheim HS •

Merseburg FH • Mittweida HS • München HS • Münster FH (Steinfurt) • Niederrhein HS

(Krefeld) • Nordhausen FH • Nürnberg HS • Offenburg HS • Oldenburg / Ostfriesland /

Wilhelmshaven FH (Emden, Wilhelmshaven) • Osnabrück FH • Pforzheim HS • Ravensburg-

Weingarten HS (Weingarten) • Regensburg FH • Rosenheim FH • Saarland HTW •

Schmalkalden FH • Stralsund FH • Südwestfalen FH (Hagen, Iserlohn, Meschede, Soest) • Trier

FH (Trier) • Ulm HS • Vechta/Diepholz FHWT (Oldenburg) • Westküste FHW (Heide) •Wiesbaden FH (Rüsselsheim) • Wismar HS • Worms FH • Würzb.-Schweinf.-FH (Schweinfurt) •

Zittau/Görlitz HS (Zittau) • Zwickau HS




Engineering 37

Study Field Outline

An understanding and acceptance of thenecessity for ecological modernisationin business and industry and of the needto contribute to protecting the naturalresources strengthens the demand forenvironment-related degree programmes

and subject areas. The range of studieshas been noticeably extended by establish-ing and refocusing environment-relatedsubjects at numerous higher educationinstitutions. They are responsible for plan-ning and designing measures to conserveresources and prevent damage to theenvironment as far as possible. Environ-mental protection-related course contents

are found in many programmes today,for example, in mechanical engineering,chemistry and physics. Hence, it is notalways easy to distinguish between envi-ronment-related and conventional degreeprogrammes. The lack of uniformity inthe use of terminology makes it difficultto navigate around the range of studieson offer. Essentially, environment-related

study opportunities can be classified infour main orientations:

Scientific-analytical orientation

This focuses primarily on understandingthe processes taking place in the envi-ronment and nature, and the relevantmethods and insights. Such programmesbuild on the foundation of a scientificbasic study stage (mathematics, physics,chemistry, biology) and then offer vari-

ous specialisations. Examples include thespecial degree programmes in geoecologyand ecology (scientific nature conserva-tion) offered as an element of biology pro-grammes. In geoecology, scientific interestabove all focuses on the atmosphere andsoils as essential components of an ecosys-tem. Cross-disciplinary training (including

biogeography, soil physics, geomorphol-ogy, hydrology, geochemistry) improvethe understanding of the wide-rangingareas of interaction. This allows a morespecifically-targeted approach to be takento reducing environmental pollution, facil-itating the environmentally-compatiblemanagement of ecosystems. The same istrue of the applied systems sciences pro-

gramme in which socio-economic topicsare also considered and in which the focusis on creating and applying mathematicalmodels.

Pedological-crop farming orientation

Such programmes have evolved from thearea of agricultural and forestry studies.

Their profile is shaped by the applied natu-ral sciences and is partly determined byagricultural and forestry production proc-esses and their relevance to the environ-ment and nature. Examples include studyareas like agroecology, farming and envi-ronment offered under these or similarnames at farming and agriculture facultiesand departments.

2.6 Environmental Protection, Ecology,Waste Disposal Technology





Planning and design orientation

This unites scientific, socio-economic anddesign subjects. Examples include degreeprogrammes in landscape conservation,land use and nature conservation, regionaldevelopment and nature conservation,landscape ecology, and landscape archi-tecture.

Engineering-technical orientation

This generally means an engineering pro-gramme (in most cases civil engineeringor mechanical engineering/process engi-neering) focused on air pollution controlmeasures, noise mitigation, waste disposaland water pollution control measures.But self-contained degree programmes inenvironmental protection/environmenttechnology are also offered, e.g. with

a focus on human habitats, renewableresources, soil protection, air pollution

control measures, waste disposal technol-ogy, waste handling technology, recyclingtechnology, water and sewage treatmenttechnology, waste disposal management.Public health technology is a related area.Industrial engineering additionally offersprogrammes with a focus on environmen-tal protection.

In addition, a wide range of postgradu-ate and complementary programmes areoffered with environmental contents.

Moreover, special courses on environ-mental topics can be found as part of awide range of other degree programmes,including economics, social sciences andlaw.

Since almost all higher education institu-tions offer programmes in environmentalprotection, only the self-contained, full

degree programmes are listed here.


Practical experience/internships: Require-ments differ from one university to the

next.

Studies: Individual course contents areweighted differently, depending on thespecific course orientation, from scientific-technical subjects via economics and law

through to social sciences.


Aachen TH • Bayreuth U • Berlin FU • Berlin TU • Bielefeld U • Bochum U • Braunschweig TU •

Clausthal TU • Cottbus TU • Dresden TU • Duisburg-Essen U (Duisburg, Essen) • Flensburg U •

Freiberg TUBergAk • Freiburg U • Gießen U • Greifswald U • Halle-Wittenberg U •

Hamburg UBw • Hamburg-Harburg TU • Hohenheim U (Stuttgart) • Jena U • Kaiserslautern TU •

Karlsruhe U • Kassel U • Kiel U • Koblenz-Landau U • Köln U • Magdeburg U • München TU

(Freising, München) • Münster U • Oldenburg U • Osnabrück U • Rostock U • Stuttgart U •Trier U • Tübingen U • Wuppertal U • Zittau IHI




Engineering 39


Sciences

Practical experience/internships: Depend-ing on their previous school/vocationalqualifications, pre-study internships of several weeks are required. Practical phas-es of varying length are completed duringthe studies.

Studies: The curriculum largely containssubjects from applied natural sciencesand technology, e.g. process engineering,environmental analysis, environmentally-compatible power generating technology,environmentally-compatible productiontechnologies, engineering thermodynam-ics, engineering fluid mechanics, environ-mental law.


Amberg-Weiden FH (Amberg) • Anhalt HS (Bernburg) • Ansbach FH • Augsburg FH •Berlin FHTW • Berlin FHW • Berlin TFH • Bingen FH • Braunschweig / Wolfenbüttel FH

(Wolfenbüttel) • Bremen HS • Bremerhaven H • Dresden HTW • Düsseldorf FH •

Eberswalde FH • Esslingen HS • Flensburg FH • Frankfurt am Main FH • Gelsenkirchen FH

(Gelsenkirchen) • Gießen-Friedberg FH (Gießen) • Hamburg HAW • Hannover FH •

Heilbronn HHN • Jena FH • Köln FH • Konstanz HS • Leipzig HTWK • Lippe und Höxter FH

(Höxter) • Lübeck FH • Magdeburg-Stendal FH (Magdeburg) • Merseburg FH • München HS •

Münster FH (Steinfurt) • Neubrandenburg HS • Nordhausen FH • Nürtingen HfWU •

Offenburg HS • Oldenburg / Ostfriesland / Wilhelmshaven FH (Emden) • Osnabrück FH •

Ravensburg-Weingarten HS (Weingarten) • Rottenburg HS • Stuttgart HFT • Trier FH

(Birkenfeld) • Ulm HS • Weihenstephan FH (Triesdorf) • Wiesbaden FH (Rüsselsheim) •Wismar HS • Zittau/Görlitz HS (Zittau) • Zwickau HS

2.7 Food Technology

Study Field Outline

The availability of high-quality, safe foodsis an essential basic requirement for soci-ety. However, foods additionally have tomeet special nutritional needs (e.g. babyand infant food, dietetic foods) plus indi-vidual consumer expectations. The qualitystandards of the future will reach newdimensions, above all in terms of health,prevention and functionality. Thus, foodsmust be viewed holistically, from thebiogenesis of the ingredients through to

questions of nutritional physiology, in

order to design and develop the treatmentand processing technology in such a waythat its impact on each substance is asconservational as possible.

Hence, food technology or food process-ing engineering combines a basic knowl-edge of the natural sciences with foodspecific, nutrition-physiological, technical,ecological and business managementknowledge. Complementary courses coverengineering topics, like process engineer-





ing, mechanical engineering, apparatusengineering, process automation andbiotechnology, and physical, chemical,microbiological and modern molecularbiological analysis methods used in qual-ity control. Alcoholic and non-alcoholicbeverages can be studied as a major infood technology programmes, but alsoas an independent degree programme inbrewing and beverage technology leadingto a Diplom degree in brewing (Diplom-Braumeister/in).

Some universities offer food technologyor food processing engineering, food engi-neering as part of their process engineer-ing, bioengineering or chemical engineer-

ing programmes. Studies then focus moreon the principles of the natural sciencesand engineering and less on deliveringa knowledge of specific food substances.

Moreover, and depending on the institu-tion, teaching or even whole programmesare also offered in pharmaceutical engi-neering and in the technology of cosmeticsand detergents.

Universities of applied sciences all offerindependent degree programmes. Special-

isation in the field of food management,milk and dairy management, livestock andmeat management or viniculture/viticul-ture/oenology is possible within farmingand agricultural sciences programmes.


Practical experience/internships: 3 to 6months of relevant subject-related workexperience, partly completed before thecommencement of studies; internshipsabroad are funded.

Basic study stage: Principles of scienceand technology through lectures, exer-

cises and practical courses on mathemat-ics, physics, chemistry, biology, processengineering, food chemistry, microbiol-ogy, physiology of food, fluid mechanics,thermodynamics, electrical engineering,mechanical and apparatus engineering,plus business administration.

Main study stage: Extension of the engi-neering, food chemistry and biologicalsubjects complemented by seminars, elec-tive and optional subjects like food process

engineering, biotechnology, molecular

biology, process automation, sensor engi-neering, hygiene technology, cleansingand disinfection, environmental engineer-ing, marketing, dairy and milk technology,technology of animal-based foods, cerealtechnology, fruit and vegetable technology,sugar technology, oil and fat technology,fermentation technology, packaging engi-neering, etc.


Berlin TU • Dresden TU • Gießen U

(Geisenheim) • Hohenheim U (Stuttgart) •





Engineering 41


Sciences

Practical experience/internships: Depend-ing on the school/vocational qualifications,a pre-study internship of several weeksis generally required in the fields of foodprocessing, food research and food mar-keting. Practical phases of varying lengthare completed during the studies.

Studies: Initially, modules deliver a knowl-

edge of the basic scientific and engineer-ing principles, including mathematics,computer science/information systems,physics, chemical principles, animal andplant raw resources (livestock/crops), ther-modynamics, industrial hygiene; comple-mentary courses include food law, sensorengineering, quality management, busi-ness management, plus cross-disciplinary

subjects like technical English, presenta-tion techniques. As studies progress,modules offered in areas like the princi-

ples of biochemistry and nutrition, foodchemistry, microbiology, food analysis,preservation and packaging technology,environmental engineering, instrument

and control engineering, plus non-techni-cal, cross-disciplinary modules (food law,foreign languages, business administra-tion, specialist information systems, etc.).Applied project with thesis.

Depending on the institution in question,the formal division between basic and

main study stage may no longer apply.


Albstadt-Sigmaringen HS (Sigmaringen) •

Anhalt HS (Bernburg, Köthen) • Berlin TFH •

Bremerhaven H • Fulda HS • Hamburg HAW •

Hannover FH • Lippe und Höxter FH

(Detmold, Lemgo) • Neubrandenburg HS •

Osnabrück FH • Trier FH (Trier) •

Weihenstephan FH (Freising) • Wiesbaden

FH (Geisenheim)

2.8 Public Health Engineering, Medical Technology

and Engineering

Study Field Outline

The increasing use of technology in medi-cine for diagnosis and therapy and thesignificance of the environment in publichealth care call for intensive collaborationbetween doctors and specially-qualifiedengineers. Subject areas include biomedi-cal engineering, medical engineering andtechnology (medical apparatus engineer-ing), dental technology, hearing aid tech-

nology and audiology, medical physics,hospital operations engineering, as well asenvironmental and hygiene engineering.Studies are mainly offered by universitiesof applied sciences. Degree programmesextend from research and developmenton processes and equipment for quickand precise diagnosis and conservativetherapies by analysing, modelling andsimulating living systems and subsystemsthrough to developing biomaterials and





organ replacements. Biomedical engineersdraw up solutions to meet the require-ments of everyday medical practice andturn these into industrial products. Exam-ples include novel imaging methods suchas Positron Emission Tomography (PET),

virtual simulators for training doctors,laser therapy in ophthalmology, neuro-technical implants, developing biocompat-ible materials or endoscopic operating

techniques.



Practical experience/internships: Depend-ing on the school/vocational qualifica-tions, a pre-study internship of severalweeks is generally required. Practicalphases of varying length are completedduring the studies.

Studies: Initially, students take modulesthat deliver the scientific and engineer-

ing principles in mathematics, physics,anatomy, physiology, computer science/information systems, materials engineer-ing, engineering mechanics, productionengineering; students also gain a basicknowledge of business managementplus foreign languages. Depending onthe content focus, students subsequentlytake modules to extend and consolidate

their knowledge in areas like biomechan-ics, medical microsystems engineering,instrument and control engineering,electrical engineering, medical apparatusengineering, biotelemetrics, light-weightengineering, technical orthopaedics and

rehabilitation engineering, audiology/hearing acoustics, ophthalmic optics, bio-compatible materials, cardiotechnology,

digital image and signal processing, robot-ic systems, environmental and hygieneengineering, medical safety engineering,quality management, plus subjects fromthe economic, management and social sec-tor, internships and projects.


Aachen FH (Jülich) • Aalen HS • Albstadt-Sigmaringen HS (Sigmaringen) • Anhalt HS

(Köthen) • Bremerhaven H •

Furtwangen HS (Villingen-Schwenningen) •

Gelsenkirchen FH (Gelsenkirchen) • Gießen-

Friedberg FH (Gießen) • Halle-Wittenberg U •

Hamburg HAW • Hamburg-Harburg TU •

Ilmenau TU • Jena FH • Koblenz FH

(Remagen) • Lausitz FH (Senftenberg) •

Lübeck FH • München TU (Garching) •

Münster FH (Steinfurt) • Oldenburg /

Ostfriesland / Wilhelmshaven FH (Oldenburg,

Wilhelmshaven) • Oldenburg U •

Osnabrück FH • Saarland HTW •

Stralsund FH • Ulm HS




Engineering 43

Study Field Outline

To be able to integrate the various require-ments and to optimise the processes inthe interaction between industry andengineering, companies and, in somecases, administrations and authoritiesneed experts who have a profound techni-cal knowledge and a training in business

administration and, possibly, also in socialand economic aspects.

Studies in industrial engineering may becompleted in various formats. For exam-ple, engineering – and more rarely scienceor computer science – may be studied

simultaneously with economics and busi-

ness administration. Opportunities forspecialisation exist, e.g. in civil engineer-ing, electrical engineering and informa-tion technology, mechanical engineering,biotechnology, logistics, and in productmanagement. After graduating, generallyfrom an engineering programme, studentscan also take postgraduate or complemen-

tary studies that include economic and insome cases further technical subjects. Fol-lowing up an economics-orientated pro-gramme with an engineering-orientatedpostgraduate programme is also possiblein individual cases.

2.9 Industrial Engineering


Practical experience/internships: 3 months each spent in fields of technicaland commercial practice to be completedbefore or during the studies.

Studies: The basic study stage covers

the principles of mathematics, scienceand engineering relevant to the selectedengineering focus, and essential areas of economics and business administration(operational research), law and statistics,data processing and computer science/information systems. The main studystage offers extension and consolidation inboth main areas.


Aachen TH • Berlin TU • Bochum U •

Braunschweig TU • Bremen U •

Chemnitz TU • Clausthal TU • Cottbus TU •

Darmstadt TU • Dortmund TU •

Dresden TU • Duisburg-Essen U (Duisburg) •

Erlangen-Nürnberg U • Freiberg TUBergAk •

Hamburg UBw • Hamburg-Harburg TU •

Hannover U • Ilmenau TU •

Kaiserslautern TU • Karlsruhe U •

Kassel U • Kiel U • Lüneburg U •

Magdeburg U • Paderborn U • Siegen U •

Stuttgart U • Zittau IHI






Sciences

Practical experience/internships: Depend-ing on the school/vocational qualifications,a pre-study internship of several weeks isgenerally required in the commercial ortechnical field. Practical phases of varyinglength are completed during the studies.

Studies: Modules on the technical/engineering, mathematical-scientific,

economic and legal principles. Dependingon the engineering subject in question(e.g. mechanical engineering, electrical

engineering, civil engineering, engineer-ing chemistry, traffic and transport,information and communication systems– ICT), students consolidate their subject-

related knowledge. Students also takeeconomics modules like accounting andauditing, theory of organisation, ergonom-ics, industrial/corporate statistics, financeand accounting, operational research, pro-curement and marketing/sales manage-ment, production management, industrialmathematics, project and quality manage-

ment, plus special areas of law, foreignlanguages, forming spin-offs/companystart-ups.


Aachen FH • Aalen HS • Albstadt-Sigmaringen HS (Albstadt, Sigmaringen) • Amberg-Weiden FH

(Weiden) • Anhalt HS (Dessau, Köthen) • Ansbach FH • Aschaffenburg FH • Berlin bbw •

Berlin FHTW • Berlin FHW • Berlin TFH • Bingen FH • Bochum HS • Bochum TFH •

Braunschweig / Wolfenbüttel FH (Salzgitter, Wolfsburg) • Bremen HS • Chemnitz FernFH •Coburg HS • Darmstadt HS • Deggendorf FH • Dresden HTW • Erding FHAM • Erfurt FH •

Esslingen HS • Fulda HS • Gelsenkirchen FH (Bocholt, Gelsenkirchen, Recklinghausen) •

Gießen-Friedberg FH (Friedberg, Gießen, Wetzlar) • Hamburg HAW • Hamburg HFH • Hamm FH •

Hannover FH • Harz HS (Wernigerode) • Heidelberg HS • Heilbronn HHN (Heilbronn, Künzelsau) •

Hildesheim/Holzminden/Göttingen HAWK (Göttingen, Holzminden) • Hochschule21 (Buxtehude) •

Hof FH • Ingolstadt FH • Jena FH • Kaiserslautern FH (Kaiserslautern, Pirmasens, Zweibrücken) •

Karlsruhe HS • Kempten FH • Kiel FH • Köln FH (Gummersbach) • Köln RheinFH • Konstanz HS •

Landshut FH • Lausitz FH (Senftenberg) • Leipzig HTWK • Lippe und Höxter FH (Detmold) •

Lübeck FH • Magdeburg-Stendal FH (Magdeburg) • Mannheim HS • Merseburg FH •

Mittweida HS • München HS • Münster FH (Steinfurt) • Neu-Ulm FH • Niederrhein HS (Krefeld) •

Nordakademie FH (Elmshorn) • Nordhausen FH • Offenburg HS (Gengenbach) • Oldenburg /

Ostfriesland / Wilhelmshaven FH (Emden, Oldenburg, Wilhelmshaven) • Osnabrück FH (Lingen/

Ems, Osnabrück) • Pforzheim HS • Ravensburg-Weingarten HS (Weingarten) • Reutlingen HS •

Rosenheim FH • Saarland HTW • Schmalkalden FH • Stralsund FH • Stuttgart AKAD • Stuttgart

HdM • Südwestfalen FH (Hagen, Meschede) • Trier FH (Birkenfeld, Trier) • Ulm HS • Vechta/

Diepholz FHWT (Diepholz) • Wedel FH • Westküste FHW (Heide) • Wiesbaden FH (Rüsselsheim) •

Wildau TFH • Würzb.-Schweinf.-FH (Schweinfurt) • Zittau/Görlitz HS (Zittau) • Zwickau HS




Engineering 45

Study Field Outline

Materials have been decisive to the devel-opment of human civilisation since itsvery beginnings through to the presentday. This is why the periods of prehis-tory and early history were named aftertheir characteristic materials: Stone Age,

Bronze Age, Iron Age.

The availability of modern materials istoday one of the key industries, sincewithout the appropriate materials it willhardly be possible to bring new technolo-gies into practical application. A drivingforce in the development of materialsis provided by the call for improved

functionality along with reduced weightand volume and resource-conservingproduction methods. Hence, tailor-madematerials are revolutionising the fieldsof lightweight engineering and construc-tion, are reducing energy consumption,are biocompatible, recyclable and reactintelligently to changing operating condi-tions. Modern technology has a wealth of

materials at its disposal, of which the keygroups are metals, like ferrous and non-ferrous metals, semi-conductors, non-metallic-inorganic materials, like ceramicmaterials, glasses and inorganic bondingagents, plus organic materials, like plas-tics and rubber. The composite materialswhich are gaining greatly in significanceare made up of a stable mixture of (at leasttwo) of the above-mentioned materialsgroups.

A completely new key technology is alsoto be found in the field of materials engi-neering: Nano(structure) engineering.“Nannos” means dwarf. Hence, the namealready refers to a world that offers spacefor just a millionth of a metre (nanome-tre). Thus, materials are already beingmanipulated and reassembled at atomic

or molecular level. Specifically-targetednanostructure designs make it possibleto equip materials with optimised prop-erties for a wide range of technologies.For example, surfaces can be given anextremely smooth surface. Adhesives canbe produced by applying a coating to per-manently bond materials together, or byproducing optics that can provide protec-

tion against dangerous rays.

The study of materials sciences calls foran interest in mathematics, science andengineering. The training of a materialsengineer also delivers the interrelationsbetween raw materials, production/proc-ess engineering, material structure/prop-erties, and applications. Studies deliver a

knowledge of the physical and chemicalprinciples of material properties and of their importance for technical applica-tions. Physics and chemistry, processengineering, mechanical engineering,electrical engineering, energy and powerengineering, plus metallurgy provide theframework for the studies.

Materials engineering deals with theengineering aspects of the production,

2.10 Materials Sciences, Materials Engineering,Building Materials, Paper Engineering





structure, application and technological(manufacturing-specific) properties of known materials and their continuingdevelopment and adaptation to new appli-

cations.

Materials science examines the structuralformation of materials (metals, poly-mers, glasses/ceramics, semiconductors,composites) and the resulting technicalproperties that allow technical materials tobe produced with new or improved proper-

ties, including the development of com-pletely new production processes.

Metals science is concerned with research-ing, developing and applying metals fromscientific and engineering perspectives.The field deals with pure metals, likealuminium, with alloys such as steel andfrequently also with metal-like materials

and with composites made of metals andnon-metals. It also addresses measures torefine and process materials and to protectmaterial parts by improving the surfacefinish (corrosion-proofing).

The shared starting point for glass mate-rials (sheet glass, hollow glass, specialglass), ceramics (high-performance ceram-

ics like piezoceramics, silicate ceram-ics like porcelain) and bonding agents

(cement, lime, plaster) is formed bynon-metal, inorganic raw materials. Theirrespective production, processing andapplication has thus developed in a wide

range of directions as a consequence of the very special requirements that the elec-trical industry, for example, demands fromceramic materials, or the optical industryrequires from special glasses.

Foundry engineering deals with theprocessing of solid materials via a molten

phase to produce highly-developed cast-ings of every shape and size. Mouldingmaterials and moulding processes are alsoof significance here.

Plastics technology deals with the produc-tion, processing and application of plastics(i.e. man-made or synthetic materials)including India Rubber, the raw material

for rubber and the relevant machines andequipment. The production-orientatedprogramme has a closer mechanical engi-neering focus.

Paper technology covers the fields of cellu-lose and paper manufacturing plus paperprocessing and the production of packingmaterials, involving the monitoring and

control of complex chemical-physical proc-esses.


Materials Sciences

Basic study stage: Mathematics, physics,chemistry, physical chemistry, theory of crystal(line) structures, structural design

theory, engineering mechanics, and gen-eral materials sciences.

Main study stage: Theoretical, experi-mental and technological aspects of theindividual material groups, computing,business administration, patent law plus




Engineering 47

consolidation subjects in the chosenspecialisation, such as general materialsciences, material science and technologyof metals, glass and ceramics, corrosion

and surface engineering, plastics, artificialand synthetic materials and rubber, paper,electrical engineering materials, modellingand simulation.

Students specialising in rocks and earthfocus on process engineering and metal-lurgy subjects, with core study areas in

solid building materials, bonding agents,and again ceramics, glass, enamels, refrac-tory building materials.

Students in the materials science pro-gramme can extend and consolidate theirstudies by acquiring chemical and crystal-lographic knowledge.

Metals Science

Basic study stage: Mathematics, physics,chemistry, physical chemistry, crystal-lography, materials sciences and, in somecases, mechanical engineering and electri-cal engineering.

Main study stage (variously weighted,

depending on the major): Metals science,metals physics, material testing, textureand structure studies, corrosion, specialmaterials, metallurgy, casting methods,moulding and ductility methods, process-ing and application of materials, businessand management.


Aachen TH • Augsburg U • Bayreuth U •

Berlin FU • Berlin HU • Berlin TU •Bielefeld U • Bremen Jacobs University •

Bremen U • Clausthal TU • Darmstadt TU •

Dortmund TU • Dresden TU • Duisburg-

Essen U (Duisburg) • Erlangen-Nürnberg U

(Erlangen) • Freiberg TUBergAk •

Gießen U • Halle-Wittenberg U • Hamburg-

Harburg TU • Ilmenau TU • Jena U •

Kaiserslautern TU • Kassel U • Kiel U •

Leipzig U • München TU (Garching,

München) • Osnabrück U • Saarbrücken U •

Stuttgart U • Weimar U • Würzburg U


Sciences

Practical experience/internships: Depend-ing on the school/vocational qualifica-tions, a pre-study internship of severalweeks is generally required. Practicalphases of varying length are completedduring the studies.

Materials Engineering

Basic study stage: Mathematics, phy-sics, chemistry, physical chemistry, mate-rials studies, materials testing, metalsscience, mechanics, science of materialstrength, electrical engineering, techni-cal design theory, plus general educationsubjects.





Main study stage: Lectures and practi-cal courses in the following areas: Metalsscience, metallography, materials testing,solid-state physics, fracture mechanics,corrosion, welding technology, plasticschemistry and plastics technology; glass,ceramics and special materials; plus law,business management, and other optionalsubjects; choice of extension and consoli-dation subjects in selected fields.

Surface Technology

Basic study stage: As for materials engi-neering.

Main study stage: Corrosion and anti-corrosion measures, electrochemistry,galvanising and electroplating technology,enamelling and coating technology, opera-tional and process engineering, surface

technology, sewage and effluent engineer-ing and technology.

Ceramics, Glass

Basic study stage: Broad range of basictraining in mathematics, physics and inor-ganic respectively physical chemistry, plusmineralogy, crystallography, ceramics,

ceramic calculus, principles of engineer-ing (mechanics, electrical engineering,engineering thermodynamics), plus for-eign languages.

Main study stage: Materials science,mechanical and thermal process engineer-ing, instrument and control engineering,glass and glazes, industrial design, sili-cate fine ceramics, construction ceram-ics, structural and functional ceramics,refractory products plus business manage-

ment, material recycling, quality assur-ance.

Paper Technology

Basic study stage: Mathematics, physics,engineering mechanics, technical draw-ing, electrical engineering and chemistry.

Main study stage (divided into two core

study areas): Paper production engineer-ing: Chemistry of paper and cellulose

production, analytical chemistry, materi-als testing and measurement engineering(metrology), power generating and pow-ered processing machines, paper testingand paper finishing/refinement, disposal,computing and industrial organisation.

Paper processing engineering: Electricalengineering, analytical chemistry, plastics

chemistry, methods of processing paperand cardboard, materials testing and meas-urement engineering (metrology), paperfinishing/refinement, plastics processing,adhesion technology, packaging technol-ogy and business management subjects.

Metals Science

Basic study stage: Basic subjects likemathematics, physics, chemistry, ther-modynamics, materials science, materialstesting, mechanics, material strength,electrical engineering, production engi-neering.

Main study stage: Metals science, met-allography, materials testing, physicalchemistry, solid-state physics, corrosion,welding technology and special materials,business management.




Engineering 49

Plastics Technology

Basic study stage: Mathematics, phys-ics, chemistry and plastics chemistryas a mathematical-scientific basis, plusmachine theory, engineering mechanics,science of material strength, technicaldesign theory, electrical engineering, proc-ess engineering, materials engineeringand plastics processing technology, pro-gramming and computing, business man-agement, plus general education subjects.

Main study stage: Materials and plasticstesting, structure, properties and chemis-try of polymer materials, modelling poly-mer properties, plastics recycling, com-pound materials, rheology, electronics,instrument, measurement and automaticcontrol engineering, computing and CAD,power and drive engineering, plastics

processing and machine tool engineering,process automation, engineering calculus,design and technical design theory, optionto extend and consolidate their studies in

individual fields.


Aachen FH (Aachen, Jülich) • Aalen HS •

Bonn-Rhein-Sieg FH (Rheinbach) •

Darmstadt HS (Darmstadt, Dieburg) •

Frankfurt am Main FH • Gelsenkirchen FH

(Recklinghausen) • Gießen-Friedberg FH

(Friedberg) • Göttingen FH priv. (Göttingen,Stade) • Hof FH • Jena FH • Kaiserslautern

FH (Pirmasens) • Koblenz FH (Höhr-

Grenzhausen) • München HS • Münster FH

(Steinfurt) • Nürnberg HS • Osnabrück FH •

Reutlingen HS • Rosenheim FH •

Südwestfalen FH (Iserlohn) • Würzb.-

Schweinf.-FH (Würzburg) • Zwickau HS

2.11 Mechanical Engineering

Study Field Outline

Mechanical engineering and plant engi-

neering account for Germany‘s largestbranch of industry, consequently makingit a decisive driving force for technicalprogress. Hence, the branch is one of thecountry‘s most important engineeringdisciplines. Mechanical engineering notonly deals with machines in the narrowersense, such as heat engines and thermal-ly-driven machines, machine tools, pro-duction and processing machines, auto-matic machines, and robots, as well asvehicles of all kinds, traffic and transport

engineering, utilities engineering, processengineering (plant engineering), nuclearand reactor engineering, production and

safety engineering as well as precisionengineering products (electrical and elec-tronic devices of all kinds). Automation of the production processes and the growingsignificance of information technologiesplay an ever greater role in all fields, asdoes the field of mechatronics as a multi-disciplinary field built on the foundationsof mechanical engineering, electricalengineering and computer science/infor-mation systems. This not only meansmaking intelligent use of machines and





systems, but also and increasingly of ensuring the environmentally-compatibleuse of technology and engineering and of conserving resources through responsible

action.

The diversity of the fields has resultedin a strong subdivision of subject areaswithin mechanical engineering. For moreinformation, see degree programmes inprint and media engineering and technol-ogy, automotive engineering plus traffic

and transport engineering, precision andmicro engineering, aerospace engineer-ing, mechatronics, production engineer-ing, materials sciences and engineering,

materials engineering, building materials,paper engineering.

There are also a number of method and

task-orientated subject areas, such asgeneral mechanical engineering, mechan-ics, structural engineering. The study of technical and economic contents is mainlyprovided by industrial engineering pro-grammes, with specialisation in mechani-cal engineering. The basic study stagein mechanical engineering programmes

conveys the principles of mathematics, sci-ence and engineering in the various areas.Students only begin to specialise in theadvanced stages of their studies.


Practical experience/internship: Depend-ing on the school/vocational qualifica-tions, a pre-study internship of between 6and 8 weeks with relevant practical workexperience is generally required. 6 to 14weeks of practical experience (industrialinternship) are required during the stud-ies.

Studies: Modules initially deliver thescientific, technical and methodologicalprinciples. Typical subjects include math-ematics, engineering materials scienceand testing, technical design theory, CAD,measurement engineering/metrology,thermodynamics, production, process-ing and process engineering, theory of electricity, technical information systems,experimental physics, work and opera-tional organisation/job planning.

Students then consolidate and extend theirknowledge of the principles and (depend-

ing on the courses that are offered) chosea consolidation area, such as generalmechanical engineering, technical designengineering, production and manufactur-ing engineering, product development,energy, power and process engineer-ing, combustion engines, heat/thermal,power propulsion engineering, materials-handling engineering, machine tools, jet

engines, turbines and flight propulsionsystems, earth-moving and agriculturalmachines, materials flow engineering,transport and traffic engineering, aero-space engineering, plastics engineering.Students can also take specialist moduleslike power engineering, manufactur-ing technology, machine elements, fluidmechanics, numerical calculus methods,control engineering, simulation engineer-ing, industrial automation, light and light-




Engineering 51

ing engineering, quality management.Complementary courses deliver generalqualifications (e.g. foreign language skills,additional knowledge in project manage-

ment, knowledge of economic and ecologi-cal frameworks, etc.).

Depending on the institution in question,studies may be divided into a basic and aconsolidation study stage.


Aachen TH • Bayreuth U • Berlin TU • Bochum U • Braunschweig TU • Bremen U •

Chemnitz TU • Clausthal TU • Cottbus TU • Darmstadt TU • Dortmund TU • Dresden TU •

Duisburg-Essen U (Duisburg) • Erlangen-Nürnberg U (Erlangen) • Freiberg TUBergAk •

Hamburg UBw • Hamburg-Harburg TU • Hannover U • Ilmenau TU • Kaiserslautern TU •

Karlsruhe U • Kassel U • Lüneburg U • Magdeburg U • München TU (Garching, München) •

München UBw (Neubiberg) • Paderborn U • Rostock U • Siegen U • Stuttgart U • Wuppertal U


Sciences

Practical experience/internships: Depend-ing on the school/vocational qualifica-tions, a pre-study internship of severalweeks of relevant work experience is gen-erally required in metal processing compa-nies. Practical phases of varying length arecompleted during the studies.

Studies: Initially, students acquire the

engineering, mathematical-scientific andIT principles, much as in university stud-ies. They then take modules that deliver agreater understanding in areas like techni-cal design, calculation and computation,manufacturing, measurement engineer-ing/metrology, drive engineering, instru-ment and control engineering, and qualityassurance. Students additionally workon practical projects. Depending on thecourses offered by the university, appliedcore study areas such as development and

technical design, manufacturing, opera-tional and production/job planning, auto-motive engineering, energy/power engi-

neering can be chosen. Complementarycourses deliver general qualifications inEnglish, business management/account-ing, communication and presentationtechniques, plus law.

Depending on the university in question,studies may be divided into a basic and aconsolidation study stage.





Study Field Outline

Mechatronic systems have long become apart of our everyday life. There would beno airbags, anti-lock brake systems, pho-tocopiers, CD players, driving simulatorsor ticket machines – let alone industrialrobots – if several engineering disciplineshad not joined forces to build and lookahead to the future. Mechatronics is aninterdisciplinary field within engineeringand builds on the three pillars of mechani-cal engineering, electrical engineering andcomputer science/information systems. To

develop new mechatronics products, sys-tems and production methods, engineers

and scientists have to combine methodsand tools taken from these classical indi-vidual disciplines. Only with such collabo-ration can sensors, actuators and informa-tion processing systems be integrated intoa mechanical design and so benefit froma wealth of synergies. Thanks to electron-ics, microelectronics and computing, newmechatronics systems are constantly beingdeveloped. Yet, mechatronics is certainlynot just restricted to specific areas of mechanical engineering; rather it influ-


Aachen FH (Aachen, Jülich) • Aalen HS • Albstadt-Sigmaringen HS (Albstadt) • Amberg-Weiden

FH (Amberg) • Anhalt HS (Köthen) • Augsburg FH • Berlin bbw • Berlin FHTW • Berlin TFH •

Bielefeld FH • Bingen FH • Bochum HS • Bochum TFH • Bonn-Rhein-Sieg FH (SanktAugustin) • Brandenburg FH • Braunschweig / Wolfenbüttel FH (Wolfenbüttel) • Bremen HS •

Bremerhaven H • Coburg HS • Darmstadt HS (Darmstadt, Dieburg) • Deggendorf FH •

Dortmund FH • Dresden HTW • Düsseldorf FH • Essen FOM (Essen) • Esslingen HS •

Flensburg FH • Frankfurt am Main FH • Furtwangen HS (Furtwangen, Villingen-Schwenningen) •

Gelsenkirchen FH (Gelsenkirchen) • Gießen-Friedberg FH (Friedberg, Gießen, Wetzlar) • Hamburg

HAW • Hannover FH • Heidelberg HS • Heilbronn HHN • Hildesheim/Holzminden/Göttingen

HAWK (Göttingen) • Ingolstadt FH • Jena FH • Kaiserslautern FH • Karlsruhe HS •

Kempten FH • Kiel FH • Koblenz FH • Köln FH (Gummersbach, Köln) • Köln RheinFH •

Konstanz HS • Landshut FH • Lausitz FH (Cottbus, Senftenberg) • Leipzig HTWK (Leipzig,

Markkleeberg) • Lippe und Höxter FH (Lemgo) • Lübeck FH • Magdeburg-Stendal FH

(Magdeburg) • Mannheim HS • Mittweida HS (Mittweida, Roßwein) • München HS • Münster

FH (Münster, Steinfurt) • Niederrhein HS (Krefeld) • Nürnberg HS • Offenburg HS • Oldenburg /

Ostfriesland / Wilhelmshaven FH (Emden, Wilhelmshaven) • Osnabrück FH • Pforzheim HS •

Ravensburg-Weingarten HS (Weingarten) • Regensburg FH • Reutlingen HS • Saarland HTW •

Schmalkalden FH • Stralsund FH • Südwestfalen FH (Iserlohn, Meschede, Soest) • Trier FH

(Birkenfeld, Trier) • Ulm HS • Vechta/Diepholz FHWT (Diepholz) • Wiesbaden FH (Rüsselsheim) •

Wildau TFH • Wismar HS • Würzb.-Schweinf.-FH (Schweinfurt) • Zittau/Görlitz HS (Zittau) •

Zwickau HS

2.12 Mechatronics




Engineering 53

ences practically all branches of scienceand industry.

The first degree course in mechatronicswas introduced at the FachhochschuleBochum (university of applied sciences)in 1993. Previously, the subject had onlybeen offered as a specialisation or corestudy area within mechanical engineeringprogrammes. Meanwhile, self-containedmechatronics programmes are offered ata number of universities and at around 50

universities of applied sciences (FH).

Mechatronic engineers use their generalperspective and understanding of sys-tems to collaborate with specialists frommechanical engineering, electrical engi-neering and computer science. In contrastto these specialists, mechatronic engineersare seen as generalists who can approach

and coordinate projects and problemsfrom a cross-disciplinary perspective.

Hence, mechatronics programmes areorganised as an interface between variousspecialist fields. Students attend lecturesand other courses from all three classical

areas. The study of mechatronics oftendifferentiates between Mechatronic Sys-tems (drive and simulation engineering,machines and devices, robotics, motionsystems, actuators and sensors, measure-ment and instrumentation, and imageprocessing), Micromechatronics andNanomechatronics (microsystems engi-

neering, microengineering and precisionengineering functional groups, microsys-tems metrology) and Biomechatronics(robotics, biosystems, bioactuators, controland design, (automatic) control systems).The range of subjects varies from oneinstitution to the next and depends onthe specific focus, core study areas andspecialisations offered in the respective

programme.



Practical experience/internships: Depend-

ing on the school/professional qualifica-tions, students are generally required tocomplete a pre-study internship of severalweeks involving work processes typical of the subject in question. Practical phases of varying length are completed during thestudies.

Studies: Modules on the mathematical-scientific core subjects, i.e. mathematicsand physics, and in engineering subjects,like engineering mechanics, electrical

engineering, electronics, and electronicdevices, circuit engineering, computerscience/information systems, digital engi-neering, control engineering, signals and

systems, structural calculation, dynamics,technical design engineering, systemsdesign, electrical CAE (Computer AidedEngineering), electrical propulsion/driveengineering, control engineering, signalengineering, sensor engineering, meas-urement and instrumentation, roboticsystems, automation, thermodynamicsand fluid dynamics, materials, technicaloptics/optical engineering, light and light-ing engineering, hydraulics and pneumat-ics. Depending on the institution in ques-






Aachen FH • Aalen HS • Aschaffenburg FH • Augsburg FH • Bayreuth U • Berlin TFH •

Bielefeld FH • Bingen FH • Bochum HS • Bonn-Rhein-Sieg FH (Sankt Augustin) •

Brandenburg FH • Chemnitz TU • Clausthal TU • Darmstadt FernHS (Pfungstadt) • Darmstadt

HS (Darmstadt, Dieburg) • Darmstadt TU • Deggendorf FH • Dortmund TU • Dresden TU •Erlangen-Nürnberg U (Erlangen) • Essen FOM (Essen) • Esslingen HS (Göppingen) • Frankfurt

am Main FH • Gelsenkirchen FH (Bocholt) • Gießen-Friedberg FH (Friedberg) • Hagen FernU •

Hamburg HAW • Hamburg UBw • Hamburg-Harburg TU • Hannover FHDW (Celle) •

Hannover U • Harz HS (Wernigerode) • Heilbronn HHN • Ilmenau TU • Jena FH •

Kaiserslautern FH • Karlsruhe HS • Karlsruhe U • Kassel U • Kiel FH • Koblenz FH • Köln FH •

Konstanz HS • Lippe und Höxter FH (Lemgo) • Magdeburg U • Magdeburg-Stendal FH

(Magdeburg) • Merseburg FH • Mittweida HS • München HS • München TU (Garching) •

Niederrhein HS (Krefeld) • Nürnberg HS • Offenburg HS • Oldenburg / Ostfriesland /

Wilhelmshaven FH (Wilhelmshaven) • Osnabrück FH • Paderborn U • Ravensburg-

Weingarten HS (Weingarten) • Regensburg FH • Reutlingen HS • Saarbrücken U •

Saarland HTW • Siegen U • Stuttgart U • Südwestfalen FH (Hagen, Iserlohn) • Ulm HS •

Vechta/Diepholz FHWT (Oldenburg) • Wiesbaden FH (Rüsselsheim) • Zittau/Görlitz HS (Zittau)

tion, various consolidation options, suchas microsystems engineering, micro sys-tems technology, microelectromechanicalsystems (MEMS), instrument and deviceengineering, medical engineering andtechnology, plus general studies modules

such as English, business management/accounting, project management, and law.

Some institutions may divide the stud-ies into a basic and a consolidation studystage.

2.13 Mining, Geoengineering, Mine Surveying

Study Field Outline

Mining is concerned with prospecting,developing, extracting and processing(natural) mineral resource deposits forfurther use. These mineral resources arecoal, oil and natural gas, plus ores, salts,rocks, stones, earth and soils of variouskinds. Before deposits can be economicallyand safely mined and extracted, extensiveexaminations and reports (surveying) are

required in the prospecting stage. Solidmaterials are mined in underground oropen-cast operations depending on thetype of deposit, while fluid and gaseousdeposits are developed and extracted bymeans of drilling. This calls for com-plex technical plants, installations andequipment. Mining engineers are largelyresponsible for organising, operatingand monitoring these processes. Furtherresponsibilities include environmental




Engineering 55

protection, reporting and planning onunderground deposits.

Geoengineering combines knowledgefrom the natural sciences, geosciences(Earth sciences) and engineering withthe specialist geoengineering expertiseacquired in fields like engineering geol-ogy, soil mechanics and rock mechanics.The aim is to gain an understanding of the mechanical behaviour of rocks andto predict the interaction between struc-

tural developments and the rock in orderto be able to use land as building plotsand building areas and to mine materialsand mineral resources for building andconstruction. Analytical and numericalmethods for dimensioning geoengineeredstructures (e.g. foundation ditches, dams,tips) as well as the use of tunnel and gal-lery engineering (e.g. tunnels, caverns,

underground storage or deposit sites) playan important role in this respect.

Mine surveying deals with the mappingand calculation of existing deposits, thegraphic imaging of underground andopen-cast mines as well as the measure-

ment and registration of surface damagecaused by underground operations. Minesurveyors are specialised geodetic engi-neers.

The study of mining and geoengineeringis possible at technical universities, uni-versities of technology, and at universities

of applied sciences, while mine surveyingcan only be studied at technical universi-ties/universities of technology.

Since mining operations primarily involvea wide range of engineering aspects, thecatalogue of subjects for these degree pro-grammes extends from geoscientific fieldsvia mine engineering to law and econom-

ics disciplines.


Practical experience/internships: A sub-ject-related internship is recommended

before studies commence. Work experi-ence activities of varying length are com-pleted during the studies, such as excur-sions to teaching mines, etc. Trainingas an apprentice miner or an apprenticemine surveyor amounting to a total of 200shifts is recommended (as a prerequisitefor higher public service positions in min-ing and mine surveying) and can be recog-nised as an internship.

Basic study stage: Lectures and exercisesin the basic science subjects (mathemat-ics, physics, chemistry, mineralogy,petrography, geology, geosciences/Earth

sciences, geomechanics, basic engineer-ing subjects (mechanical engineering/machine operating engineering, electricalengineering, thermodynamics, processengineering and surveying, engineeringmechanics, energy and mineral resourceengineering) and other fundamental sub-jects (law and economics). Mine surveyorsalso study general mine surveying andmine damage surveying.





Main study stage: Extension and consoli-dation of the engineering principles andspecialist studies. Geoengineering andmining programmes offer the subjectareas of mining, drilling techniques andreservoir engineering, geoengineering,special foundation engineering; mineralresources engineering programmes offerspecialisation in the fields of mineralresource extraction and mining, mineralresource processing, mine surveying,energy resources; energy and mineral

resources programmes offer specialisa-tion in energy and mineral resourceengineering and petroleum engineering.

Mine surveying programmes primarilyoffer mine surveying-geodetic training.In addition, the basic training acquired incomputer science/information systems,

in geomechanics and in law and businessmanagement is consolidated. Studies inmining-foundation engineering or open-cast mining are optional.


Aachen TH • Clausthal TU • Freiberg

TUBergAk


Sciences

Practical experience/internships:A required internship of 160 shifts mustbe completed (of which 60 shifts musthave been completed before the studiesstart). Training as an apprentice miner oran apprentice mine surveyor is also recog-nised.

Basic study stage: Lectures, exercises and

practical courses in the mathematical, sci-entific and engineering principles.

Main study stage: Subject-specific,practice-focused in subjects like drilling,sampling, calculation methods, soil and

rock mechanics, hydrology, geologicalwork, soil science/pedology, informa-tion systems, building material science,environmental protection, law, surfacerecycling and rehabilitation, and English.Complementary internships in lab andfield, excursions and seminars plus a com-prehensive range of optional subjects.


Bochum TFH




Engineering 57

Study Field Outline

The study of nautical science and shipoperations engineering covers all areasrequired for the nautical or engineeringoperation of a ship.

Studies in nautical science not only cover

nautical, seafaring subjects, but also busi-ness management focuses and lead toqualification as a Nautical Officer of theWatch/Captain with a licence to serve onmerchant ships of all sizes and all naviga-ble waters.

Studies in ship operations engineeringextend to the operation, monitoring and

maintenance of marine engine systemsand lead to qualification as a Technical

Officer of the Watch/Senior Marine Engi-neer with a licence to serve as an engineeron ships of all engine ratings.

Degree programmes in shipping companylogistics and maritime transport and portand harbour management above all pre-pare students for planning and organisa-

tional responsibilities in shipping compa-nies, and in maritime and other shipping/forwarding companies as well as in port/harbour and storage house companies.

The degree programme in cruise industrymanagement offered at the HochschuleBremen – University of Applied Sciencestrains professionals for careers in interna-

tional cruise tourism.

2.14 Navigation: Nautical Science, Ship OperationsEngineering, Maritime Transport


Sciences

Nautical science

Special admissions requirements:

1) Completed vocational training / appren-ticeship as a ship technician, or 2) practi-cal training and 12 months at sea as anautical assistant officer, of which at least6 months completed before commencingstudies at the university of applied sci-ences. The practical training and the timespent at sea can also be completed in theform of two practical semesters offered aspart of an 8-semester pilot programme.

Basic study stage: Mathematics, physics,chemistry, computer science/informationsystems, basic business and manage-ment, psychology, sociology, shipbuilding,

marine engineering operations, communi-cations, medical treatment of injuries andillnesses.

Main study stage: Navigation, meteorol-ogy, maritime English, shipbuilding andship theory, loading techniques, maritimecommercial law, human resources man-agement, emergency management, healthcare, radio licence, training on radar andship operations simulators.





Ship operations engineering

Special admissions requirements:

1) Completed vocational training / appren-ticeship as a ship technician and 6 monthsat sea in ship technician service, or 2)completed vocational training / appren-ticeship in a recognised metal or electricalengineering trade and one year at sea as atechnician, or 3) practical training and 18months at sea as a technical assistant offic-er, of which at least 12 months must have

been completed before commencing stud-ies at the university of applied sciences.

Basic study stage: Lectures, exercises andpractical courses in mathematics, physics,engineering mechanics, basic electricalengineering, instrument and control engi-neering, thermodynamics, English, busi-ness administration.

Main study stage: Engines, machines andplants, combustion engines and plants,steam plants/engines, shipbuilding/safety,technical ship operations, fuels, fluidsand lubricants, human resources manage-ment.

Shipping Company Logistics /

Maritime Transport and Port and

Harbour Management

Studies: Modules on information technol-ogy, mathematical-scientific, socio-eco-nomic, and methodological principles aswell as on legal and business managementaspects (e.g. employment and industriallaw, insurance law, cost calculating, con-trolling), plus a basic knowledge of portand harbour management, logistics/port

and harbour logistics, chemistry, danger-ous loads, ship theory, telematics, char-tering and loading, marketing and sales,corporate management, foreign languagesand presentation techniques.


Bremen HS • Bremerhaven H •

Flensburg FH • Oldenburg / Ostfriesland /Wilhelmshaven FH (Elsfleth, Leer) •

Wismar HS (Warnemünde)

2.15 Optical Technologies

Study Field Outline

Until just recently, the term “optics” wasprimarily associated with classical eve-ryday objects, like glasses, microscopes,binoculars or camera lenses. Since thedevelopment of lasers advances in manu-facturing techniques, semiconductor

technology and in storage and softwareengineering, the optical technologies andtheir applications have developed at greatpace and are seen as a key technologyand driving force for innovation in the21st century. They have long matured andhave left their research labs to embark ona triumphant journey into our everyday




Engineering 59

life, in hospitals, in vehicles of all kinds, inmachines and factory buildings.

So what exactly does the term “opticaltechnologies”, also known as photonics,really mean? The term actually covers theentirety of the physical and biological lawsof nature and technologies for generat-ing, intensifying, shaping, transmitting,measuring and utilising, exploiting andapplying light in all wave ranges. This initself already suggests that the fields of

application and products are very diverseand wide-ranging. We encounter high-quality optical devices, complex opticalcomponents as well as optics-based manu-facturing methods everywhere. Togetherwith the worldwide fibreglass cables, lighthas become the preferred means of trans-port for speech and data transmissions.Optical fibres make it possible to achieve

the highest information densities and so,for example, facilitate the simultaneoustransmission of audio and video signals.CDs and DVDs have replaced magneticrecording methods for large volumes of data. Lasers are being used as welding andcutting tools in areas like the automotiveand shipbuilding industries and are able toprocess the widest range of materials like

glass, stainless steel, and plastics with thehighest precision.

Modern medical engineering and technol-ogy is no longer conceivable without opti-cal technologies – just think of the use of lasers in ophthalmology. The whole fieldof keyhole surgery is equally inconceiv-able without fibre optic cables that givethe surgeons an insight into a patient‘sbody. And soon, ultrathin, flexible displaysmade of luminescent synthetic materials,

so-called OLEDs, will conjure up imagesof brilliant quality on laptops and mobiles.The applications are practically endlessand extend from optoelectronics, infor-

mation and communications technology,manufacturing engineering, the semicon-ductor industry via environmental, microand sensor systems engineering, meas-urement engineering/metrology, print-ing and exposure techniques, traffic andlighting technology all the way throughto medicine and the biosciences, to name

but a few.

Often, it is not immediately apparentwhere optical technology-related subjectscan be studied, because teaching is gen-erally offered in the form of core studyareas or consolidation courses or in indi-vidual modules under the programmes inmechanical engineering, mechatronics,

physics and physical engineering, preci-sion and microengineering, electricalengineering and information technologyor in materials sciences. Each institutionhas its own specific focus. This results ina correspondingly wide spread of researchand application, thus making it necessaryto gain as much information as possibleabout the respective profile of the degree

programmes in question.

Meanwhile, independent degree pro-grammes have, mainly at universities of applied sciences, established themselvesin the field of optical technologies, such asoptoelectronics, optometry and vision sci-ence, laser and optical technologies, phot-onics. Degree programmes in ophthalmicoptics/optometry also deliver medicaland optical knowledge and techniques foridentifying the causes of sight problems





and for achieving the greatest possiblesight with physical-optical resources.

All these programmes share an essential,well-founded knowledge of the scientificand technical principles of physics and

mathematics as well as of the classicalfield of technical optics, especially forgraduates wishing to work in fields likeoptical engineering or applied fields inmedical engineering and technology.



Practical experience/internships:Depending on the school/vocationalqualifications, a pre-study internship of several weeks. During the studies, mostprogrammes will include several practi-cal phases or work experience studysemesters, laboratory exercises and projectassignments. Applicants for the ophthal-mic optics programme are expected or

recommended to have a vocational qualifi-cation as an optician.

Studies: Initial modules focus on acquir-ing the mathematical, scientific and engi-neering principles, including areas likeanalysis, vector calculus, mechanics andelectrics (science of electricity), electronics,nuclear and molecular physics, chemistry,

computer science/information systems,programming, optometry, instrument andcontrol engineering, biomedicine, andphysiological optics.

Depending on the chosen programme,students extend and consolidate theirknowledge in areas like laser engineeringand special fields of application, materialstechnology, materials processing, informa-tion and communication technologies,optometry, microsystems engineering,

micro systems technology, microelec-tromechanical systems (MEMS), imageprocessing and other fields of relevance

to application and research. In addition,non-technical subjects like project man-agement, technical English, businessadministration. Students of ophthalmicoptics can extend and consolidate theirknowledge with studies in optometry andophthalmic technology.

Programmes in this fieldAalen HS • Berlin TFH • Braunschweig /

Wolfenbüttel FH (Wolfsburg) • Bremen HS •

Clausthal TU • Darmstadt HS •

Deggendorf FH • Erlangen-Nürnberg U

(Erlangen) • Gießen-Friedberg FH (Friedberg,

Gießen, Wetzlar) • Hamburg-Harburg TU •

Hannover U • Hildesheim/Holzminden/

Göttingen HAWK (Göttingen) • Ilmenau TU •

Jena FH • Karlsruhe U • Koblenz FH(Remagen) • Köln FH • Lübeck FH •

München HS • Münster FH (Steinfurt) •

Oldenburg / Ostfriesland / Wilhelmshaven FH

(Emden) • Oldenburg U • Ravensburg-

Weingarten HS (Weingarten) • Wildau TFH




Engineering 61

Study Field Outline

Precision engineering involves the studyof mechanics, optics and, above all, elec-tronics, including precision engineereddevices and instruments (e.g. watches),optics, including optometry, optoelec-tronics, communications technology,microsystems engineering, micro systems

technology, microelectromechanical sys-tems (MEMS), medical engineering andtechnology, measurement, control anddata engineering, mechatronics. Thesefields are mainly used to produce, trans-mit, store, convert, monitor and processoptical and acoustic, electrical, hydraulicand pneumatic signals to operate devices,such as CD and hard disk drives, cameras,

microscopes, laser systems, plane tables,computer components or domestic appli-ances. Importance attaches here to secureand precise transmission.

Microengineering/microsystems engineer-ing (micro systems technology, microelec-

tromechanical systems (MEMS)) combines

microelectronic, micromechanical andoptoelectronic components like intelligentmicroprocessors, sensors and actuatorsto form extremely miniaturised technicalsystems. Applications range from sat navsystems in vehicles via tiny valves andpumps for drug dosage delivery in thebody through to complex chemical analy-

sis systems of the very smallest dimen-sions, e.g. astronautics. Studies combinesubject areas from the fields of computerscience/information systems, microopticsand microelectronics, as well as microme-chanics, which is why they have a highlymultidisciplinary structure.

Precision engineers often collaborate with

physicists, chemical scientists, computerscientists and engineers from other fields,The study of precision engineering is relat-ed to electronic engineering, mechanicalengineering, mechatronics, and computerscience.

2.16 Precision and Micro Engineering


Practical experience/internships: A basicinternship of 6 to 8 weeks completed, asfar as possible, before the studies begin:specialist internships of between 8 and 20weeks are completed in the main studystage.

Basic study stage: Lectures, exercises andpractical courses in mathematics, physics,

chemistry, materials science, engineeringmechanics, machine elements, technicaldesign theory, electrical engineering, ther-mal engineering and other subjects, pluslaw and economics.

Main study stage: Regulations differgreatly from one institution to the next,with a broad range of optional and elec-tive courses available for focusing on thebranches of precision and microsystems





engineering, micro systems technology,microelectromechanical systems (MEMS),initially mentioned.


Chemnitz TU • Dresden TU • Freiburg U •

Ilmenau TU • Magdeburg U


Sciences


tions, a pre-study internship of severalweeks is generally required with elementsof electronic, mechanical and precisionengineering. Practical phases of varyinglength are completed during the studies.

Studies: Modules on the mathematical-scientific and engineering principlesin mathematics, physics, engineering

mechanics, electrical engineering, engi-neering optics (optometry), materialsengineering, technical drawing/CAD,components, devices and circuit engineer-ing, technical programming, consolidationof the applied knowledge in subjects likecomputer science/information systems,electronics, microprocessor engineering,

signals and systems, signal processing,measurement and control engineering,introductions to modelling and simulationplus engineering optics (optometry). Corestudy areas can be chosen in fields such

as microengineering, sensor engineering,instrument and apparatus engineering ormedical engineering and technology. Inaddition, general studies modules withcross-disciplinary content.


Aalen HS • Berlin FHTW • Bremen HS •

Esslingen HS (Göppingen) • Furtwangen HS •Gelsenkirchen FH (Gelsenkirchen) • Gießen-

Friedberg FH (Gießen, Wetzlar) • Hamburg

HAW • Hannover FH • Jena FH •

Kaiserslautern FH (Zweibrücken) •

Karlsruhe HS • München HS •

Nürnberg HS • Regensburg FH •

Saarland HTW • Westküste FHW (Heide)

2.17 Printing Technology and Media Technology

Study Field Outline

The study of print technology and mediatechnology covers the whole area of appliedcommunications engineering from textand image processing, print preparation(print copy/print forme production – plate,

screen, cylinder), the printing process and,finally, the finishing. In the more advancedsemesters and depending on the studyfocus, studies concentrate either on proc-ess engineering or on business manage-ment fields. Media technology focuses onthe new electronic media.




Engineering 63

Printing Technology

Programmes focus on reproduction andcomposition technology, the productionof print formes, printing and finishingprocesses, while packaging technologyprogrammes deal with the productionand application of packaging materi-als of all kinds (paper, cardboard, film).This takes health-related (food, drugs,medicine packaging) and increasinglyenvironmental aspects (recycling, use of

renewable resources, such as maize/corn)into consideration. Economics-orientatedprogrammes have their focuses in printindustrial engineering, in publishinghouse management and production, andin advertising technology and manage-ment. This often also calls for extensiveknowledge of the necessary technicalprocesses; on the other hand, the above-

mentioned engineering-focused pro-grammes also study the economic areasneeded by industrial/operations engineers.Some institutions offer printing orientatedspecialisation options within the scope of general mechanical engineering or electri-cal engineering programmes.

Media Technology, Digital Media

Degree programmes in media technology/digital media provide training on design-ing and producing audio-visual media.Besides the conventional field of TV engi-neering and technology, this covers allthe new media that combine acoustic andoptical signals. Audiovision systems, slideshows, film, video, multimedia and theso-called new media (satellite and cableTV, Teletext, internet, etc.). In contrast toclassical engineering professions, media

engineers need a particularly wide anddiverse focus. Natural and social sciences,arts and humanities, technology and art,production and communication, computerscience and electronics, plus knowledge insubjects like semiotics (theory of charac-ters) and cybernetics (control and systemstheory, communication and feedback). Thestudy of media technology differs substan-tially from the more artistic and designorientated programmes. Media technologylargely involves the study of engineering.

For more information, see the media sec-tion.

Media Information Systems

Degree programmes in media informationsystems (media computing) combine con-tent from the study of software-orientatedcomputer science with media-specific

know-how. A media information systemsprogramme deals with the processing of media on computer systems, with digitalinformation processing and with the con-ception, design, production and distribu-tion of digital media. Examples includedigital television and radio, the internetand mobile phone technology (wirelesscommunication). A knowledge of compu-

ter architectures and operating systems aswell as of subjects like mathematics andtheoretical computer science, basic busi-ness management, project management,and English is essential.







Practical experience/internships: Depend-ing on the school/vocational qualifications,a pre-study internship of several weeksis generally required in the printing ormedia industry. Practical phases of varyinglength are completed during the studies.

Printing and Media Technology

Studies: Initial modules deliver themathematical, statistical, scientific, creativedesign and business management princi-ples. These are complemented by moduleson common and conventional printingmethods and media techniques, machineelements, production planning and man-agement, controlling, materials, plus thenecessary basics of computer science and

information systems. As studies progress,students extend and consolidate their know-ledge of the technologies relating to the pre-press stages, the printing process and printprocessing as well as in the commercial andbusiness field. The formation of core studyareas in the fields of application is based onspecific industry segments or fields like thetechnology of the print process, pre-press

stage, digital media production or printtechnology, packaging. Further modules onpresentation techniques, rhetoric, industrialsafety or foreign languages.

Some universities divide the studies into abasic and a main study stage.

Media Technology, Digital Media

Studies: Modules on the scientific-tech-nical principles of mathematics, physics,

electrical engineering, communicationsengineering, measurement engineering/metrology, computer science/informationsystems, audio/video engineering plusproduction engineering and technology.These are complemented by modules onmedia and society, fundamentals of jour-nalism, communication research, busi-ness, media theory, project management.Further modules – often offered in con-junction with an applied project assign-ment – enable students to specialise in

the fields of radio, television, print media,interactive media.

Media Information Systems

Studies: Modules on the scientific-technical principles of mathematics, andbusiness management principles as wellas on classical and electronic media appli-

cations. Extension and consolidation of the basic knowledge through modules ontopics like media theory, media design,programming, software development andtechnology, distributed systems, computernetworks, databases, computer architec-ture, computer graphics and animation,internet technology, business informationsystems, mobile communication, media

development, technical-scientific docu-mentation, AV media, IT project manage-ment, quality management. These arecomplemented by media theory, medialaw, technical English. Project work playsan extensive role. Optional and electivecourses generally enable students to buildtheir own study profile.





Engineering 65

Study Field Outline

Production engineering deals with manag-ing the technical, economic and organisa-

tional problems that arise in the produc-tion of practically all kinds of industrialproducts. Hence, the field of productionengineering above all involves the furtherautomation of production processes andthe optimisation of production methods.These touch upon, overlap and intersectwith many fields, in particular, in manu-facturing engineering and production

engineering, process engineering, auto-mation engineering, computer science/information systems, and with industrial

engineering. The main responsibilities of a production engineer generally lie in col-laborating with specialists from the respec-tive areas, in developing new products and

processes, including planning new facto-ries, in machine tool and jig constructionengineering, and, very generally, in work/job preparation processing, in work placedesign, in the manufacturing processitself and in product control. Mathematicaloptimisation processes, company-specificsoftware solutions and standardised Enter-prise Resource Planning (ERP) Systems

are used.


Amberg-Weiden FH (Amberg) • Anhalt HS (Köthen) • Berlin TFH • Berlin TU • Brandenburg FH •

Braunschweig / Wolfenbüttel FH (Wolfenbüttel) • Braunschweig HBK • Bremen HS •

Bremen U • Bremerhaven H • Chemnitz TU • Cottbus TU • Deggendorf FH • Dresden HTW •Dresden TU • Düsseldorf FH • Esslingen HS • Furtwangen HS • Gelsenkirchen FH

(Gelsenkirchen) • Gießen-Friedberg FH (Friedberg) • Hamburg HAW • Harz HS (Wernigerode) •

Hof FH • Ilmenau TU • Jena FH • Kaiserslautern FH (Zweibrücken) • Köln FH (Köln,

Gummersbach) • Leipzig HTWK • Lübeck FH • Lübeck U • Merseburg FH • Mittweida HS •

München HS • München U • Offenburg HS • Oldenburg / Ostfriesland / Wilhelmshaven FH

(Emden) • Osnabrück FH • Siegen U • Stuttgart HdM • Trier FH (Birkenfeld) • Ulm HS •

Ulm U • Wedel FH • Wiesbaden FH (Rüsselsheim, Wiesbaden) • Wismar HS • Wuppertal U

2.18 Production Engineering



Practical experience/internship: Depend-ing on the school/vocational qualifica-

tions, a pre-study internship of severalweeks is generally required, for example,in manufacturing companies or engineer-ing offices. Practical phases of varyinglength are completed during the studies.





Studies: Modules deliver the theoreti-cal principles in fields like mathematics,physics, engineering mechanics, electricalengineering, thermodynamics, techni-cal design, CAD, computer science andinformation systems, materials science,manufacturing engineering and principlesof business management, ergonomics,human factors and work science. Consoli-dation modules include factory planning,production planning and management,production resources and logistics, design

and placement of machine tools, metalsprocessing and CNC engineering, proc-ess, project and human resources man-agement, forming technology, industriallogistics, material flow technology, indus-trial robots, applied computer science/information systems, quality manage-ment, environmental protection. Depend-ing on the chosen core study areas (e.g.

production engineering or production

management), further modules such astechnical or management orientated sub-jects, complemented by project manage-ment and foreign languages.

Study Field Outline

Engineers working in the fields of publicengineering and facility engineering plan,project, build and operate public utilityand waste disposal plants and systems inthe following areas. They equip residentialbuildings, factories and workshops, indus-trial buildings, hospitals, swimming pools,shopping centres, administrative build-ings, schools, and so on, or even wholehuman settlements, estates and commu-nities, towns and cities with incineration

plants, heating systems, air-conditioning

and sanitary systems, as well as electricalinstallations; they provide protection sys-tems and measures against harmful gases,vapours and dusts; they treat water andensure that sewage and effluents are effi-ciently treated and safely disposed of; fur-ther areas of responsibility include noiseabatement, power and energy usage andconsumption, distance heating networks,heat recovery plants and reverse cycle ther-mal pumps, solar power heating systems;industrial plants equipped with public


Aachen TH • Berlin TFH • Braunschweig TU •

Bremen U • Bremerhaven H •

Chemnitz TU • Cottbus TU • Darmstadt TU •

Dresden HTW • Dresden TU • Esslingen HS •

Frankfurt am Main FH • Gießen-Friedberg FH

(Wetzlar) • Hamburg HAW • Hamburg-

Harburg TU • Hannover FH • Hannover U •

Heilbronn HHN • Kaiserslautern TU •

Köln FH • Köln RheinFH • Konstanz HS •

Lippe und Höxter FH (Lemgo) • Lüneburg U •

München HS • München TU (Garching) •

Regensburg FH • Rosenheim FH • Trier FH

(Birkenfeld) • Ulm HS • Westküste FHW

(Heide) • Wismar HS

2.19 Public Utilities Engineering,

Facility Engineering




Engineering 67

utilities and disposal technology. Mechani-cal engineering, electrical engineering andenvironmental engineering are key areasfor this subject.

Interdisciplinary degree programmes infacility management take a holistic approachto the field, under consideration of technical,commercial and infrastructural aspects.

Studies are primarily provided by universi-ties of applied sciences. Technical univer-sities and universities of technology mayprovide specialisations in public utilities

engineering during the advanced stage of amechanical engineering programme. Par-ticular significance attaches to the field of thermal engineering and fuel technology.

Studies at Universities andUniversities of Applied Sciences

Practical experience/internships: Depend-ing on the school/vocational qualifica-tions, students are generally required tocomplete a pre-study internship of severalweeks. Practical phases of varying lengthare completed during the studies.

Studies: Basic modules on the mathemat-ical-scientific (mathematics, chemistry,physics) and engineering principles (engi-neering mechanics, electrical engineer-ing, materials engineering and structuralengineering, measurement engineering/metrology, instrumentation and controlengineering, thermodynamics, energy and

environmental engineering).

Depending on degree programme, spe-cialisation in areas like facility engineeringand technology, heating and air-condition-ing, gas, water and sanitary engineering,electrical fitting, energy efficient con-sumption, climate appropriate building,fire safety measures, integrated planning.Public and industrial utility engineering,energy and refrigeration engineering, gas,water and electricity utilities, distance

heating, fuel and gas engineering, powermanagement; environmental engineering,mains and pipeline engineering, immis-sion control, sewage and effluent treat-ment engineering, waste management.Facility management, construction man-agement, project planning, property andestate management, contract and contract-ing (contract award) law. Cross-discipli-

nary modules on business management,technical English, legal principles, appliedinformation systems, rhetoric, etc.



Augsburg FH • Berlin FHTW • Berlin TFH •

Berlin TU • Biberach HS • Bingen FH •

Bochum TFH • Brandenburg FH • Braun-

schweig / Wolfenbüttel FH (Wolfenbüttel) •

Bremerhaven H • Coburg HS • Erfurt FH •

Esslingen HS • Gelsenkirchen FH

(Gelsenkirchen) • Gießen-Friedberg FH

(Gießen) • Köln FH • Lausitz FH (Cottbus) •

München HS • Münster FH (Münster,

Steinfurt) • Münster U • Nürnberg HS •Offenburg HS • Trier FH • Wuppertal U •

Zittau/Görlitz HS (Zittau) • Zwickau HS





Study Field Outline

Regional and area planning is an inter-disciplinary work area that deals withregional and area developments of theliving, working and environmental condi-tions. The various area and regional levelsextend from domestic residential envi-ronments and estates via urban districts,

whole towns or cities, to regional, stateand national level through to the Europeanand international levels.

Regional and area planning aims to andis responsible for analysing the variousrequirements, conflicts and opportuni-ties in the region and, based on this, fordeveloping concepts, potential solutions

and strategies, and then for monitoringtheir implementation. Present or futureproblem areas are treated with a predictiveand forward-looking approach. This mightinvolve the impact of democratic changeon the housing market or infrastructuredemand, or aspects of migration and

urban development. The consequences of

economic structural change for the region-al labour markets and industry‘s locationaldemands are topics of discussion as arethe consequences of environmental pollu-tion and environmental risks.

Regional and area planning is a horizontalcross-sectional responsibility. Planners

take a cross-disciplinary approach andwork within interdisciplinary contexts. Thestudy of regional and area planning focus-es centrally on people and their needs andactivities through which space is usedand deployed. Hence, the starting pointis provided by area or regionally effectiveexistence functions, like living, working,sustaining oneself and relaxing, etc. Since

the use of and demands on space and areaoften overlap and conflict with each other,regional planning is also responsiblefor balancing these claims in the publicinterest and for finding environmentally,socially and economically-compatible andviable solutions.

2.20 Regional and Area Planning



Practical experience/internship: No stand-ard regulations apply. In most cases, stu-dents are required to complete internshipsof varying length.

Studies: Studies in regional and area plan-ning can be completed as a full degreeprogramme (Bachelor‘s/Master‘s or Dip-

lom) in regional planning (degrees includeregional planning, regional and envi-ronmental planning, urban and regionalplanning, urban planning). In this respect,Master‘s programmes generally offertopic-related extension and consolida-tion studies within the broader field of regional planning. Graduates of regionaland planning related Diplom or Bach-elor‘s programmes, such as architecture/urban development, civil engineering,




Engineering 69

geography, landscape planning, sociology,surveying, administrative sciences, or traf-fic and transport management can alsosubsequently take a Master‘s programme

with a major in the field of regional plan-ning. Graduate Master‘s programmesare offered by universities with full pro-grammes. Some universities only coverthe individual disciplines.


Berlin TU • Bremen U • Cottbus TU •

Dortmund TU • Eberswalde FH •

Hannover U • Hildesheim/Holzminden/Göttingen HAWK (Göttingen) •

Kaiserslautern TU • Karlsruhe U • Kassel U •

Leipzig U • Potsdam U • Stuttgart U •

Trier U • Vechta H • Wiesbaden FH

2.21 Ship Engineering, Nautical and MarineEngineering/Technology

Study Field Outline

Nautical engineering deals with the projectplanning, design, structural design andbuilding of ships, ship elements and fit-

tings. Two study branches have evolved:Shipbuilding and nautical mechanicalengineering. The interaction betweennumerous individual systems means thatnautical engineering represents a very wideand varied field of knowledge. Whethersubmarine, tanker, container ship or luxu-ry cruise liner, each ship requires detailed

and complex calculations; optimal techni-cal and economic solutions have to befound. Special areas involve the buildingof fisheries vessels and so-called off-shoreengineering (drilling platforms/oil rigs,

deep-sea research equipment). Maritimetechnologies programmes deal with usingthe resource sea as a source of energy, rawmaterials and food. In the field of metrol-ogy and plant engineering, it deals with thebuilding of platforms and offshore plants,taking measurements and developing anddesigning offshore wind farms.



Practical experience/internship: Depend-ing on the school/vocational qualifica-tions, students are required to completebetween 12 and 13 weeks of pre-studyinternships, for example in a shipyard ordockyard. Students of shipbuilding andnautical mechanical engineering study

in a cooperative programme and so arerequired to complete one year of relevantpractical training before they commencetheir studies. Practical phases of varyinglength are completed during the studies.

Studies: In the initial semesters of theBachelor‘s programme, studies focus onteaching the mathematic-scientific andengineering principles. Modules include





mathematics, physics, computer science/information systems, structural calcula-tion and strength of materials, thermo-dynamics, materials science and welding

engineering, structural design theory,CAD, hydromechanics, ship/maritime ele-ments, buoyancy and stability. These arefollowed by engineering application mod-ules, like shipbuilding, ship equipment,design and structural design of ships forspecial cargos, yacht design, submarinevehicles, ship mechanical engineering,

ship electronics, metrology in shipbuild-ing, manufacturing and shipyard/dock-yard operations. Students can specialise

in areas like ship design, hydrodynamicsand yacht design, structural design as wellas ship firmness and rigidity. Ship equip-ment is possible in some cases. Comple-

mentary cross-disciplinary training in thefields of business administration, foreignlanguages, project management, qualityassurance, law. Course elements involvingpractical work experience completed in theform of industrial or corporate projects.

2.22 Surveying/Geodesy, Cartography

Study Field Outline

Surveying (geodesy) deals with determin-ing the figure of the Earth, whereby theperspective extends to Earth as a wholeor to parts of it. Responsibilities rangefrom determining the Earth’s shape andgravity field, satellite geodesy, to creatingand maintaining an array of height bench-

marks via topographical ground surveys.They also include cadastral surveys (landregistry surveying), rearranging ruralregions and urban development as well asmonitoring the deformation behaviour of buildings and structures. An understand-ing of global dynamic processes and of acomprehensive environmental monitoringsystem provides geodesy with importantdata. The turnabout from classical survey-ing to modern Earth observation is alsoshown by the measuring tools and instru-

ments. Automated devices, modern satel-lite technology and digital remote sensingmethods are being introduced. Automatedintegrating, analysing, interpreting andvisual processing methods have becomeever more important given the volumeof space-related data. Hence, the degreeprogramme studied at many universitiesis now called “Geodesy and Earth Informa-

tion Systems”.

Engineering surveying is also importantfor the field of civil engineering.

Cartography is responsible for producingmaps, the planated and scaled-down sym-bolic representation of parts of the Earth’ssurface and of processes taking place inthem. The diversity of these responsi-bilities calls for links with many areas of science, such as mathematics, computer


Berlin TU • Bremen HS • Bremerhaven H •

Hamburg-Harburg TU • Kiel FH




Engineering 71

science, astronomy, geophysics, meteorol-ogy, geology, geography, civil engineering,architecture and other auxiliary sciences.

Geoinformation systems is a new interdis-ciplinary field that acts as a bridge betweencomputer science/information systems,on the one hand, and the geosciences/Earth sciences, on the other. It dealswith the development and application of methods for the computational solution of specialist problems in fields of research,

business and industry, politics and admin-istration in which the spatial relevance of information plays an important part. Theacquired knowledge and insight led to the

field of GeoInformation Systems (GIS)and so facilitated the optimal exploitationof space and place-related data, such asused in environmental protection, in traf-fic and transport management through tostate-of-the-art wireless (mobile) networkengineering and navigation satellites, andin building and construction.


Practical experience/internships: In-sessional, study-integrated internships of several weeks, such as in surveying andland registry authorities, surveying offices;

in some cases, it is recommended to com-plete these internships before the studiesbegin.

Studies: Modules on the scientific andmathematical principles of the subject aswell as on topics like engineering math-ematics, experimental physics, geo(Earth)sciences, geodata programming, statis-

tics and geodetic computation, geodeticmetrology, the Global Navigation SatelliteSystem (GNSS), engineering geodesy andgeodetic control points, geoinformationand cartography, regional planning, landand real estate management, photogram-metry and remote sensing, curve fitting,astronomical, physical and mathematicalgeodesy, positioning and navigation, engi-neering geodesy and geodetic evaluationmethods, image processing, computergraphics/visualisation, law, business

administration and economics. Depend-ing on the university in question, variousopportunities for specialisation and corestudy are offered.

Studies may be divided into a basic and a

main study stage.


Berlin TU • Bonn U • Darmstadt TU •

Dresden TU • Hamburg HCU •

Hannover U • Jena U • Karlsruhe U •

München TU • München UBw (Neubiberg) •

Münster U • Osnabrück U • Stuttgart U






Sciences

Practical experience/internships: Depend-ing on the school/vocational qualifica-tions, students are generally required tocomplete a pre-study internship of severalweeks. Practical phases of varying lengthare completed during the studies.

Surveying/Geodesy

Studies: Modules on the mathematical andphysical principles as well as on subjectareas like surveying specific data process-ing and CAD, geodetic computationalmethods, instrument science, surveyingscience, land registry cadastre and law,land surveying and curve fitting, geoinfor-mation systems, image processing, remotesensing, traffic routes and civil engineer-

ing, cartography, planning science, spe-cialisation on optional subjects. Comple-mentary general studies modules.

Map technology/cartography

Studies: Base modules in mathematics,projective geometry, geography, statistics.Subject specific modules such as princi-

ples of cartography, geomedia engineer-ing, presentation techniques, map editing,thematic and topographical cartography,data processing/geoinformation systems,geodatabases, interactive and multimediacartography, geodata management, remotesensing, graticule science, surveyingscience, photogrammetry, multimediacartography, internet cartography. Com-plementary modules on business manage-ment and law.

Geoinformatics

Studies: Mathematical, scientific andsubject-specific base modules: Engineer-ing mathematics, introduction to geoin-formation systems, applied physics, geo-metrical-graphic principles/CAD systems,operating systems, software engineering,programming, database systems, geodeticcomputation, land management, curve fit-ting, sensor engineering and special evalu-ation methods. Subject specific extended

and consolidation computing in fieldslike GIS technologies, digital cartography,remote sensing, official geoinformationsystems, telematics, key qualifications inlaw, foreign languages, business manage-ment, presentation techniques.

The degree programme is also offered atsome universities.


Anhalt HS (Dessau) • Berlin TFH •

Bochum HS • Bochum TFH •

Dresden HTW • Frankfurt am Main FH •

Karlsruhe HS • Mainz FH • München HS •

Neubrandenburg HS • Oldenburg /

Ostfriesland/Wilhelmshaven FH (Oldenburg) •

Stuttgart HFT • Würzb.-Schweinf.-FH(Würzburg)




Engineering 73

2.23 Textile Engineering, Clothing Technology

Study Field Outline

Textile engineering deals with the treat-ment of natural fibres and the creationof chemical fibres, their processing asthreads, yarns and fabrics, including col-ouring, refinement and finishing (cloth-ing), and is also concerned with textilemachines.

Clothing technology is responsible forthe further processing of textile fabrics toproduce home/domestic textiles, day andnightwear, clothing, and technical textiles.The organisation of industrial clothingmanufacturing technology, the develop-

ment of new working methods as well as

product design are the essential respon-sibilities of clothing engineers. Besidesquestions of quality, factors such as col-our, shape and patterning of textiles playan important role, meaning that clothingtechnology intersects and overlaps withthe fields of design and textile chemistry,with material technology and plastics engi-

neering.

Textile and clothing technology are mainlytaught at universities of applied sciences.In some cases, universities also offer corestudy areas within mechanical engineer-ing programmes.



Practical experience/internships: Depending on the school/vocationalqualifications, some students complete apre-study internship of several weeks inan industrial company from the field of

textile manufacturing. Practical phases of varying length are completed during thestudies.

Studies: Initially, students acquire themathematical, scientific, engineering, andsubject-specific principles. These includemodules like mathematics and technicaldrawing, physics, (textile) chemistry, sta-tistics, information technology, materialsand machines, textile raw materials, basicsof thread and fabric manufacture and fin-

ishing, basic business management skills.Later, students extend and consolidatetheir knowledge in applied areas throughmodules on automation engineering,production control, CAD, safety and plantengineering, fibre, woven, and knittingtechnology, composite materials, technicaltextiles, textile testing, chemical analysis,

polymer chemistry, dying, textile printing,environmental analysis and management.In addition, students acquire general andsubject specific qualifications in fields likequality management, rhetoric, presenta-tion skills, project management, humanresources management, product and proc-ess development, as well as extension andconsolidation in business managementcompetence in the fields of organisationand marketing. In some cases, core studyareas and specialisations can be chosen in





fields like textile management, clothingmanagement, textile technologies or prod-uct development.



Aachen TH • Albstadt-Sigmaringen HS

(Albstadt) • Berlin FHTW • Dresden TU •

Hamburg HAW • Hof FH (Münchberg) •Kaiserslautern FH (Pirmasens) • Niederrhein

HS (Mönchengladbach) • Reutlingen HS •

Zwickau HS (Reichenbach)





3 Languages, Humanities,

Cultural Studies, Art and Design





3.1 Art History

Study Field Outline

Essentially, art history is the science of the historical development of fine artfrom antiquity to the present-day. Itencompasses works from the field of architecture, sculpture, painting, graphicart, ornamental art, and arts and crafts,including technical visual media produced

in Europe or under European influence.By contrast, works of fine art producedin earlier periods are often the object of their own disciplines, such as the art of non-European “primitive” or “tribal” cul-tures, classical or Christian archaeology,prehistory and early history, and Orientaland East Asian art history. In contrast tothe practice of art, art history concerns

itself with the depicted content of worksof art and classifies these in terms of placeand time, especially the interpretationof works of art on the basis of historical,aesthetic, stylistic, sociological, economicand psychological considerations. Art his-

tory also includes fields such as art theory,

the theory of art techniques and the studyof sources, including examination of thelife and history of artists when interpret-ing the works. Focuses in art history differfrom one higher education institutionto the next, meaning that, depending onpersonal interest and previous training,extensive inquiries into the main areas

covered by an institution are essentialwhen choosing the right place to study.The most important occupational fields liein research, museums, for example in arteducation, working as mediators betweenart and the general public, in the preserva-tion of monuments and historical build-ings (e.g. listed buildings), in art societies,in publishing, in the art trade, or in the

media industry and adult education.


Practical experience/internships: Work inan historical monuments office or a muse-um recommended in the pre-sessionalperiod (vacation/recess).

Studies: Degree programmes differ interms of structure and content, generallyrequiring a knowledge of modern lan-

guages (English, French; later also a basicknowledge of Italian, Spanish and Dutch)for understanding international special-ist literature, plus a knowledge of arttechniques. In some cases, a knowledgeof Latin is also required. Besides lecturesand exercises on the various art periods,students also go on excursions, includingtravel abroad.




Languages, Humanities, Cultural Studies, Art and Design 77

3.2 Cultural Studies

Study Field Outline

Study opportunities cover the broad rangeof branches offered by cultural studieswith a multidisciplinary approach. Studies

focus on an academic-theoretical treat-ment and examination of “culture” inthe broadest sense of the term, withoutlosing sight of somewhat more soberaspects, such as culture/arts financing,controlling, marketing, management andlogistics or the applications-orientatedfocus on possible professional or careerfields. Increasingly, degree programmes

are being offered that also address aspectsof European culture and cultural history.In some cases, these are international pro-grammes.

The course contents brought togetherunder the heading of cultural studies

cover branches of the arts and humani-ties (including art and music), economics,business administration and social sci-ences, as well as (foreign) languages, com-munication, creative writing and cultural/

arts journalism, and law. Whether and, if so, to what extent these components aretaught and which core study areas andspecialisations can be set during the stud-ies will differ from one institution to thenext, since cultural studies currently lacka uniform scientific research platform inGermany.

In some cases, an aptitude test must betaken for admission to a course (Exclusiondeadlines apply for registration and mustbe observed!).


Augsburg U • Bamberg U • Berlin FU • Berlin HU • Berlin TU • Bochum U • Bonn U •

Braunschweig HBK • Bremen U • Dortmund TU • Dresden TU • Duisburg-Essen U (Essen) •

Düsseldorf U • Eichstätt-Ingolstadt U (Eichstätt) • Erlangen-Nürnberg U (Erlangen) • Frankfurtam Main U • Freiburg U • Gießen U • Göttingen U • Greifswald U • Halle-Wittenberg U •

Hamburg U • Heidelberg U • Hildesheim U • Hildesheim/Holzminden/Göttingen HAWK

(Hildesheim) • Jena U • Karlsruhe HfGest • Karlsruhe U • Kassel U • Kiel U • Koblenz-

Landau U • Köln U • Konstanz U • Leipzig U • Mainz U • Marburg U • München U •

Münster KuAk • Münster U • Oldenburg U • Osnabrück U • Regensburg U • Saarbrücken U •

Siegen U • Stuttgart U • Trier U • Tübingen U • Würzburg U






Sciences

Practical experience/internships: Pre-study internship (3 to 6 months) in a cul-tural or educational facility or institution(with the exception of Görlitz); practicaland project phases completed during thestudies.

Studies: Modules on subject areas likecultural and social change, art and arthistory, culture and project work, culture/arts management and administration,arts/cultural marketing, (international)cultural policy, media theory and prac-tice, aesthetics, cultural education, com-munication and presentation, culturaland commercial law, empirical socialresearch/statistics, business principles

Studies at Universities and Colleges

of Music

Practical experience/internships: Up to3 internships lasting from 6 weeks to3 months must completed during thestudies.

Basic study stage: All cultural studiesprogrammes offer lectures and courseson the theory and history of culture.Depending on the institution in question,

students will also acquire a basic knowl-edge of a wide range of elective specialistdisciplines. The range of teaching coversthe study and examination of questionsof academic methodology and interdisci-plinarity, economics and law-based studyelements, as well as artistic and aestheticaspects (in some cases including culturaland practical artistic or technical ele-

ments as well) right through to introduc-tory courses on computing and languagecourses.

Main study stage: Continuation and con-solidation of the topic areas from the basicstudy stage plus opportunities for settingcore study areas and specialisations.

Bachelor‘s programmes have largely abol-ished the formal division into a basic andmain study stage.


Aachen TH • Augsburg U • Bamberg U •

Bayreuth U • Berlin HU • Berlin TU •

Bielefeld U • Bochum U • Bonn U •

Bremen Jacobs University • Bremen U •

Chemnitz TU • Cottbus TU • Dortmund TU •

Duisburg-Essen U • Düsseldorf U •

Eichstätt-Ingolstadt U (Eichstätt) • Erlangen-

Nürnberg U (Erlangen) • Flensburg U •

Frankfurt (Oder) U • Freiburg U •

Friedrichshafen ZU • Gießen U •

Göttingen U • Hagen FernU • Halle-

Wittenberg U • Hildesheim U • Jena U •

Karlsruhe U • Kassel U • Leipzig U •

Lüneburg U • Magdeburg U • Mannheim U •

Marburg U • München U • Münster U •

Oldenburg U • Osnabrück U • Paderborn U •

Passau U • Potsdam U • Regensburg U •Saarbrücken U • Siegen U • Stuttgart U •

Trier U • Tübingen U • Weimar HfM •

Witten/Herdecke U (Witten) • Würzburg U





(accounting, business mathematics, busi-ness information systems). Workshopsand projects, plus foreign languages,rhetoric.


Düsseldorf FH • Merseburg FH •

Niederrhein HS (Mönchengladbach) •

Potsdam FH • Zittau/Görlitz HS (Görlitz)

3.3 Design

Study Field Outline

Essentially, design covers two degreeprogrammes: industrial design (prod-uct design) and communication design(visual communication). Industrial designincludes areas like the design of consumergoods (e.g. clothing, fashion, jewellery,household goods, furniture, packaging,aesthetic and consumables, handicrafts),

capital goods (e.g. machines, plants andinstallations, tools, medical equipment,working aids, work places, office com-munication) and vehicles (passenger carsand commercial vehicles, rail vehicles,ships and boats, aircraft, and other meansof transport). The design of a product isdetermined by technical-functional, mar-ket-economic and aesthetic factors. Com-

munication design covers creative tasksin the field of communication media, forexample, newspapers, magazines, jour-nals, brochures, pamphlets, packaging anddisplays, and multimedia.

This includes both the production of lay-

outs for advertising, catalogues, customerinformation products, instructions, manu-als and print-media products, as well asthe conception, design and production of (audio-visual) media, such as commer-cials/advertising films, educational andinstructional films, multivision products,teletext pages for advertising, PR, educa-tional work, TV, etc. and, of course, the

creative designs and conceptions for theoptical structure of CD-ROMS, Internetand Intranet pages, electronic kiosk sys-tems (information systems), learningsystems, with “design” applying both tothe screen as well as to the user interfaces.Numerous other training areas and fieldsare available.





Studies at Universities, Colleges of

Art and Universities of Applied Sci-

ences

Practical experience and special admis-

sions requirements: To qualify for admis-sion, applicants must pass an artistic-crea-tive aptitude test. Generally, this includesthe presentation of a portfolio withexamples of the student’s own work plusan artistic test. Besides this, some institu-tions may require applicants to complete

internships or periods of relevant practicaltraining of various length before they canbe admitted. Applicants who can presentproof of special artistic talent and adequategeneral schooling may, under certain cir-cumstances, be exempted from having tomeet further admissions requirements.

Studies: Curricula differ substantially

from one institution to the next. For

example, industrial design programmes(product design) can be expected to offersubjects/course modules as follows: Prin-ciples of design, two- and three-dimen-sional design, colour and volume (body),representational/visualisation techniques,modelling and technical design, materialstechnology, engineering physics, psychol-ogy, sociology, cultural history. Communi-cation design programmes (visual commu-nication) offer colour design, printing andreproduction techniques, figure drawing,

theory of design/composition, typography,theory of information, theory of percep-tion, psychology and sociology. Core studyareas and specialisations include graphicdesign, photo design, electronic media,illustration, display (product design andpackaging) and surface design.


Aachen FH • Anhalt HS (Dessau) • Augsburg FH • Berlin BTK • Berlin Design Akademie •

Berlin FHTW • Berlin MDH (Berlin, Düsseldorf, München) • Berlin UdK • Berlin-Weißensee KHB •

Bielefeld FH • Bielefeld FHM • Braunschweig / Wolfenbüttel FH (Salzgitter) •

Braunschweig HBK • Bremen HfK • Coburg HS • Darmstadt HS • Dortmund FH •

Dresden HfBK • Dresden HTW • Duisburg-Essen U (Essen) • Düsseldorf FH •

Düsseldorf KuAk • Frankfurt am Main FH • Frankfurt am Main HfBK • Halle HfKuD •Hamburg AMD • Hamburg HAW • Hamburg HfBK • Hannover FH • Hannover U • Hildesheim/

Holzminden/Göttingen HAWK (Hildesheim) • Hof FH (Hof, Münchberg) • Kaiserslautern FH •

Karlsruhe HfGest • Kassel U • Kiel KH • Köln FH • Köln RheinFH • Konstanz HS • Leipzig HGB •

Magdeburg-Stendal FH (Magdeburg) • Mainz FH • Mannheim HS • München AkdBK •

München HS • Münster FH • Niederrhein HS (Krefeld, Mönchengladbach) • Nürnberg AkdBK •

Nürnberg HS • Offenbach HfG • Pforzheim HS • Potsdam FH • Reutlingen HS • Saar HBK

(Saarbrücken) • Schwäbisch Gmünd HfGestaltung • Schwäbisch Hall FH • Stuttgart AkdBK •

Stuttgart HdM • Stuttgart MerzAk • Südwestfalen FH (Soest) • Trier FH (Idar-Oberstein, Trier) •

Vechta H • Weimar U • Wiesbaden FH • Wismar HS • Wuppertal U • Würzb.-Schweinf.-FH

(Würzburg) • Zwickau HS (Markneukirchen, Schneeberg)





Study Field Outline

The field of drama and theatre studies cov-ers all manifestations of the theatre fromantiquity to the present-day, i.e. dramaticart, music, dramaturgy (art of dramaticcomposition), stage technology, theatre/set design, audience behaviour studies,theatre critique, radio/TV transmission

and broadcasting, recording for distribu-tion on various image, video and soundmedia, through to street theatre. Film, TV,video and internet productions are playingan increasingly important part in the fieldof theatre studies. Important auxiliarysubjects include art history, media studies,musicology, history, German studies, soci-ology and education.

Drama and theatre studies programmesaim to qualify graduates for senior andmanagement positions in theatre, film andTV, as well as in cultural life in general:however, since the number of positions isvery small, students are urgently advisedto take a second major subject.

Stage design, scenography, theatre equip-

ment and props, stage costumes, and other

degree programmes deliver factors essential

to the best possible visual realisation of the-

atre, film or TV material on stage and off,

theatre, film and TV decoration and sets and

costumes from all periods, regions of the

world or fantasy worlds. Training is comple-

mented by science and engineering courses,

such as structural calculation/engineering,specialist drawing, etc. Studies in the field

of costume design call for creative skills and

powers of imagination. It is advantageous

for students to hold a vocational qualifica-

tion as a tailor. Degree programmes in

directing deal with the scenic interpretation

of speech/music, theatre, film, TV and radio

material. Extensive organisational responsi-

bilities also fall on the director, such as thedevelopment of production concepts, direc-

tion of rehearsals and work/coaching with

actors. The director works together with all

involved in a production, from stage and

lighting technicians, administrative staff via

set and costume designers and make-up art-

ists to playwrights and performers, assistant

directors.

3.4 Drama and Theatre Studies

Studies at Universities, Colleges

of Music/Art and other Higher

Education Institutions

Studies: Some institutions have developedtheir own degree-programme specificselection procedures to test students’study related aptitude for admission tothe programmes. Students are largely free

to organise their studies and there are nouniform study regulations. It is importantfor students to have a thorough knowledgeof literary history and comparative literarystudies. Theatre studies students shouldalso have a good knowledge of foreign lan-guages. They additionally attend lecturesand seminar courses on special theatrestudies subjects.





3.5 German Studies

Study Field Outline

German language and literature are themain elements of German studies from alinguistics and a literary and cultural stud-ies perspective. German studies not onlycovers sources and examples of modernlanguage (since 1500, “Modern German

Studies”), but also earlier forms (Gothic,Old High German, Middle High German,“Old German Studies”) and so-calledminor Germanic languages (e.g. Dutch,Danish, Norwegian, Swedish). The latterarea also has its own special studies indegree programmes like Nordic studiesand Scandinavian studies. An emphasison linguistic elements leads to systematic

study of the phonetics, morphology, syntaxand semantics of a language.

The term literary studies encompasses thevarious branches involving the academictreatment of literary texts. The field of gen-eral literary studies sees itself as an aes-thetic discipline. It is concerned with theo-ries on the interpretation, identificationand cataloguing of general structures of literature, including thematic and formalcategories of all literatures. Interpretation

includes study of the meaning and effectof literary works, leads to general insightsinto literature as such and illuminatesconcrete historical backgrounds. Poeticsexamines individual literary works on thebasis of specifically-given individual worksof poetry, in search of general and liter-ary insights and knowledge, inquires into

the functions of literature, discusses andobserves literary theories. Topics from thefield of literary history cover the historicaldevelopment and contexts of literature inrespect of national literatures and interna-tional, global literature, examining individ-ual periods (e.g. realism, classical period)or genres (e.g. epic poetry). Besides achronological presentation of factual

information, literary history also generallyseeks to evaluate the subject matter of thewriting, and then arranges this within agreater ideological and theoretical frameof reference.

Medieval studies specifically examinesGerman language and literature from itsbeginnings in the 8th century through tothe end of the Middle Ages. Comparativeliterary studies have a pronounced interna-tional character and involve examination


Bayreuth U • Berlin FU • Berlin UdK • Berlin-Weißensee KHB • Bochum U • Dresden HfBK •

Erlangen-Nürnberg U (Erlangen) • Frankfurt am Main HfMDK • Frankfurt am Main U • Gießen U •

Hamburg HfBK • Hamburg HfMT • Hildesheim U • Karlsruhe HfGest • Leipzig HfMT •Leipzig U • Ludwigsburg ADK • Mainz U • München AkdBK • München HfMT • München U •

Osnabrück FH (Lingen/Ems) • Potsdam-Babelsberg HFF • Stuttgart AkdBK






Basic study stage: The course is madeup of lectures, exercises and seminars onthe content and methods of the relevantbranches of German studies; constantreading is required. Successful participa-

tion in a certain number of introductoryseminars is a requirement for later admis-sion to the advanced seminars and gradu-ate classes.

Main study stage: Core study areas andspecialisations can be set in the field of language/linguistics and literature. Bothbranches can be chosen as independent

degree programmes at some universities.Depending on the programme in ques-tion, branches of German studies have tobe studied with various degrees of inten-sity.

of the literatures of various countries orcultural regions on the basis of genericaspects. Divergent views on historical,philosophical, aesthetic, sociological and

literary theory have made discussion inthis field increasingly controversial.

German studies programmes aim to pro-vide a thorough knowledge of the develop-ment of the German language and the keytrends in German literature.

In Magister degree courses, studentschoose a branch of German studies as amajor plus, in most cases, two minors.Students of Bachelor‘s programmes not

only have to study a core German studiessubject, but also, in most cases, a comple-mentary academic subject or a minor fromthe field of cultural and social sciences.



Bayreuth U • Berlin FU • Berlin HU •

Bielefeld U • Bochum U • Bonn U •

Braunschweig TU • Bremen U •

Chemnitz TU • Darmstadt TU • Dortmund TU •

Dresden TU • Duisburg-Essen U (Essen) •

Düsseldorf U • Eichstätt-Ingolstadt U(Eichstätt) • Erfurt U • Erlangen-Nürnberg U

(Erlangen) • Flensburg U • Frankfurt am

Main U • Freiburg U • Gießen U •

Göttingen U • Greifswald U • Halle-

Wittenberg U • Hamburg U • Hannover U •

Heidelberg U • Hildesheim U • Jena U •

Karlsruhe U • Kassel U • Kiel U • Koblenz-

Landau U • Köln U • Konstanz U •

Leipzig U • Lüneburg U • Magdeburg U •

Mainz U • Mannheim U • Marburg U •

München U • Münster U • Oldenburg U •

Osnabrück U • Paderborn U • Passau U •

Potsdam U • Regensburg U • Rostock U •

Saarbrücken U • Stuttgart U • Trier U •

Tübingen U • Vechta H • Wuppertal U •

Würzburg U





Study Field Outline

History researches the development of humans as social, active beings; it attemptsto reconstruct and interpret past events onthe basis of reliable historical sources.

Based on handed-down sources, history isdivided into individual branches. Ancient

history is closely related to classical phi-lology, oriental studies and archaeology.Medieval history is primarily dependenton the study of manuscripts. Importantrelated and complementary subjects inthis field include art and church history,medieval Latin philology plus a range of historical auxiliary subjects (see below).Modern history begins with the study of

printed sources from the early 16th cen-tury. As from 1789, we speak of recenthistory and as of 1917 of contemporaryhistory, which for its part is closely relatedto political science.

These traditional divisions into ancienthistory, medieval history, modern historyhave evolved into individual disciplines

such as Egyptology or Byzantine studies,(history and culture of the Eastern RomanEmpire), or have been allocated to otherfields (church and religious history, liter-ary and art history, history of medicine,history of the natural sciences, history of law and constitution). Hence, for example,the history of China or Japan became apart of independent subjects (Sinology/Chinese studies, Japanese studies/Japa-nology). In response to industrialisation,areas developed such as economic and

social history as well as the history of engi-

neering and technology. The study of indi-vidual regions and areas led to subjectslike regional, national, urban/municipaland population/demographic historydeveloping.

In addition, other independent subjectsevolved, such as ethnology, which deals

with the cultural and social structureof the so-called primitive cultures andcivilisations. Ancient American stud-ies represent a sub-branch of ethnology,whose topics cover the highly-developedpre-Columbian Indian cultures of Americaand their successors. The fields of preand early history examine artefacts foundin or on the ground/territory of those

civilisations for which we have no writtensources. Studies above all have to use themethods and procedures of archaeology(the study of human antiquities), which isconcerned with the material legacy of theancient oriental, Greco-Roman, biblicaland early Christian cultures. Folklore stud-ies (European ethnology) restricts itself tothe study and interpretation of folk cul-

ture, above all in German and Europeanregions.

Auxiliary historical sciences include pal-aeography (study of writing), diplomatics(study of the authenticity of documentsand manuscripts), chronology (study of time measurement), genealogy (study of family pedigrees), sphragistics (study of seals and signets), numismatics (study of coins), heraldry (study of coats-of-arms),plus sociology, economics and statistics.

3.6 History






Basic study stage: Acquisition of a gen-eral overview of the various historicalfields and historical methodology of sci-entific research work, courses to catch upwith the required foreign language skills,lectures and special basic courses, intro-ductory seminar courses, exercises and (atsome institutions) fact courses.

Main study stage: Independent scientificwork (research) and specialisation (corestudy areas), special lectures and special

foundation courses, advanced seminarsand graduate classes, plus excursions andfield trips.




Berlin TU • Bielefeld U • Bochum U •

Bonn U • Braunschweig TU • Bremen

Jacobs University • Bremen U •Chemnitz TU • Darmstadt TU • Dresden TU •

Duisburg-Essen U (Essen) • Düsseldorf U •

Eichstätt-Ingolstadt U (Eichstätt) •

Erfurt U • Erlangen-Nürnberg U (Erlangen) •

Flensburg U • Frankfurt am Main U •

Frankfurt (Oder) U • Freiberg TUBergAk •

Freiburg U • Gießen U • Göttingen U •

Greifswald U • Halle-Wittenberg U •

Hamburg U • Hamburg UBw • Hannover U •

Heidelberg U • Hildesheim U • Jena U •Karlsruhe U • Kassel U • Kiel U •

Koblenz-Landau U • Köln U • Konstanz U •

Leipzig U • Magdeburg U • Mainz U •

Mannheim U • Marburg U • München U •

Münster U • Oldenburg U • Osnabrück U •

Paderborn U • Potsdam U • Regensburg U •

Rostock U • Saarbrücken U • Siegen U •

Stuttgart U • Trier U • Tübingen U •

Vechta H • Wuppertal U • Würzburg U

Not every university offers all these disci-plines or branches, which is why curriculavary quite substantially. Normally, the coresubjects of ancient history, mediaeval his-tory and modern history are offered eve-rywhere. Political, cultural, sociological,psychological and economic contexts of history are also taken into consideration.The diversity of historical approaches andthe locational bias inherent in historicalsources calls for historians to be good atanalysing a variety questions and interpre-

tations from various perspectives.

To be able to study history successfully,students must have a basic knowledgeof the historical periods and an adequateinsight into the facts and circumstances of

other important events. Foreign languageskills in Latin, French and English areexpected. Latin is needed for the recep-tion of ancient and medieval texts, whileFrench and English are required as theinternational languages of archives andscience.





Study Field Outline

In terms of substance and methods, inte-rior design lies somewhere between archi-tecture, facility engineering and design.Interior design is responsible for the crea-tive, architectural, technical, economic,ecological and social planning/designof interior spaces and for the associated

structural changes to buildings. This typi-cally includes activities to determine theheating requirements, to solve insulationproblems, to decide on suitable facilityand domestic installations and lightingoptions. Furniture design may also bea responsibility of interior designers.Neighbouring disciplines include urbanplanning, urban development and modern

infrastructure planning.

The 3-year Bachelor‘s programme creates

a basis for the subsequent 2-year postgrad-uate Master‘s programmes. Together witha generally 2-year phase of professionalpractical training this qualifies graduatesfor entry into the Register of Architectsand entitles them to use the professionaltitle of “Interior Designer”. The study of interior design is additionally offered in

the form of 8-semester Bachelor‘s pro-grammes. Together with the professionalpractical training, a degree from suchprogrammes also qualifies graduates inaccordance with the EU architects direc-tive.

3.7 Interior Design

Studies at Art Colleges and Universi-

ties of Applied Sciences


tions, a pre-study internship of severalweeks is generally required. Practicalphases of varying length are completedduring the studies.

Studies: Modules deliver the creativedesign and technical principles of interiordesign and furniture making. Topics likeprojective geometry, theory of space, prin-ciples of design and conception, interiorstructural design and materials, build-ing technology, facility engineering and

building physics, principles of furnituredevelopment and of ergonomics, lightingdesign, history or art and architecture,theory of architecture, homes and health,building law and project management,

including complementary modules onforeign languages and presentation tech-niques. Students can individually set theirown core study areas and specialisationsthrough project assignments and optionalmodules.

Studies may be divided into a basic and amain study stage at some institutions.





Studies at Universities and other

Higher Education Institutions

Studies: Language training (with exams inHebrew (Hebraicum), optionally in Ara-maic (Aramaicum), Yiddish (Yiddicum)and in Jewish Spanish (Judenspanisch)),courses on the Bible and Jewish interpre-tation of the Bible; rabbinical literature,halacha and liturgy; Jewish philosophyand intellectual history: Hebrew linguis-tics and literature; history of the Jewishpeople; German-Jewish literature andculture, Yiddish language and literature.In addition, the college offers complemen-

tary subjects like Jewish art. Bachelor‘sprogrammes differ in structure from oneinstitution to the next. Detailed informa-

tion can be found on the websites of theestablished institutes in Germany.


Berlin FU • Düsseldorf U • Frankfurt am

Main U • Freiburg U • Halle-Wittenberg U •

Heidelberg HJS • Köln U • München U •

Potsdam U • Tübingen U

3.8 Jewish Studies, Judaic Studies


Coburg HS • Darmstadt HS • Düsseldorf FH • Halle HfKuD • Hamburg AMD • Hannover FH •

Hildesheim/Holzminden/Göttingen HAWK (Hildesheim) • Kaiserslautern FH • Kiel KH • Lippe und

Höxter FH (Detmold) • Mainz FH • München AkdBK • Rosenheim FH • Stuttgart HFT • Trier FH(Trier) • Wiesbaden FH • Wismar HS

Study Field Outline

Degree programmes in Jewish studies/Judaic studies teach and research the morethan 3000-year history of religion and cul-ture of the Jewish people in the Orient andthe Occident. Jewish religious and culturalhistory is not to be understood as a passiveobject of external influences, but rather

as an active part of the general culture.A knowledge of the languages, of whichHebrew stands out, forms the basis for the

examination and discussion of the Jewishreligious and cultural history of all times.

The subjects Jewish studies/Judaic studiestie up with the tradition of the science of Judaism which developed as an independ-ent discipline in the 19th century. Alldegree programmes are open to applicantsof all religious denominations. However,

the associated training programmes forrabbis, cantors and religious educators arean exception to this.





3.9 Library Administration, ArchiveAdministration, Documentation

Study Field Outline

Library administration

The study of library administration dealswith academic and scientific libraries(primarily university libraries, nationaland regional state libraries, special librar-

ies in business and industry, researchand administration) plus public libraries(above all local libraries). Librarians work-ing in higher civil service administrativepositions must hold a university degree.Their work involves executive manage-ment and supervision as well responsibil-ity for library stock development and forits scientific cataloguing.

Holders of a Diplom degree in libraryadministration (Diplom-Bibliothekar/in)are sought for executive civil servicepositions in academic, scientific andpublic libraries. Training for thesepositions is primarily provided by theuniversity of applied sciences sector. Insome federal states (Länder), applicants

must hold the “Abitur” school-leavingqualification or equivalent to qualify foradmission to higher education in thisfield. Graduate librarians are responsi-ble for the procurement, presentation,cataloguing and user services. See alsoscientific libraries and documentationcentres. The administrative-own trainingfor executive civil service positions at sci-entific libraries is only required in Bavaria(Munich) today.

Documentation

Documentation is understood as the proc-ess of procuring and cataloguing, organis-ing and storing documents on specifictopics (hand or machine written, printedor drawn or embossed, stored on tape orother electromagnetic storage media) as

well as procedures for providing informa-tion from or on the prepared documents,including use of relevant equipment.Documentation officers (Diplom-Doku-mentar/in) are trained at universities of applied sciences.

Archive administration

Archives collect certain written, image,sound and film documents, maps, plansand other information media that are nolonger required in the everyday opera-tions of public and church authorities,businesses and companies, radio and TVstations or individuals, but which mustbe preserved for legal or historical rea-sons. This archive information must be

organised and inventoried in such a waythat it remains accessible at any time foradministrative or research purposes or tothe general public (e.g. exhibitions). Theadvancing digitisation increasingly callsfor skills and competencies in the fieldsof data migration, databases and internetpublications.







Practical experience/internships: 4 to 13months.

Library administration

Studies and specialist training: Publica-tion studies, structure and divisions of libraries, media and the media market,

library management, library buildings andtechnology, user advice and informationsystems and services, bibliography, cata-loguing and classification theory, infor-mation systems and IT, library services,media and information cataloguing, infor-mation retrieval, library history, statistics,specialist career fields for librarians.

Information management,

information studies

Novel information technologies, evermore specific customer wishes, as wellas the transition to a globalised informa-tion and knowledge society place greaterrequirements on the acquisition, selec-tion, processing, transmission and pres-entation of information from all fields of human knowledge. And so, for example,information managers and IT special-

ists design Internet-based customer-friendly database applications, developinformation systems, conceive electronicmarketplaces, online shops and othere-Commerce solutions and work on themanagement of information and knowl-edge within companies and organisations.An interdisciplinary perspective plays acentral role in this respect through the

integration of IT, legal and economicmethods, theories and tools.

Digital databases are important tools forrecording, classifying, administrating andcataloguing documents and information.Hence, a confident knowledge in the use

of library software and specific computer-aided processes is important.

A library career in the higher service can

be achieved via all programmes leadingto the following degrees: Staatsexamen,Magister, Diplom. Although a doctorateis not required, with the exception of theRhineland-Palatinate, it is often desired.The training for higher service positions iscurrently being reformed. Only in Bavariais the traditional training via professional

practical training / internships togetherwith two-years of specialist library train-ing still offered. The other federal statessend employed trainees to Munich fortheir specialist theoretical training, or theapplicants are employed as “academicvolunteers” who take a career-integrateddistance studies programme at the Hum-boldt University Berlin. Furthermore, a

postgraduate course in “Library and Infor-mation Science” is offered at the CologneUniversity of Applied Science that endswith a Master‘s degree and preparesgraduates for positions in libraries andinformation management institutions athome and abroad.





Documentation

Studies: Business administration andmanagement, media and information pro-curement, database development, knowl-edge engineering, information retrievaland specialist information, project andknowledge management, digital publica-tions. In the field of medical documenta-tion, techniques of data structuring, dataprocesses and statistical data analysisalong with specialist knowledge of biology

and medicine represent further core train-ing areas.

Archive administration

Studies: The University of Applied Sci-ences Potsdam is currently the onlyhigher education institution in Germanyto offer a degree programme leading to a

Diplomarchivar/in (FH) degree outsidethe otherwise administration-own internaltraining system for archivists. It includes,among other aspects, archive science,archive management, archive typology,acquisition with assessment theory,records management with electronicrecords and database-aided cataloguingmethods, plus basic historical sciences

and palaeography, legal and businessaspects, historical education work, PRwork, English. Choice of a complementarysubject area.

Information management,

information studies

Studies: Business administration/man-agement, computer science and informa-tion systems, mathematics, knowledgemanagement, operational research, infor-mation systems/information reception,law, information ethics, communicationand media, information design, social andpsychological functions of communica-tion, information linguistics, information

networks/information databases, specialistinformation, public information services,information management, marketing andquality management.


Berlin FHTW • Berlin HU • Darmstadt HS

(Dieburg) • Düsseldorf U • Erlangen-

Nürnberg U (Erlangen) • Hamburg HAW •Hannover FH • Karlsruhe U • Köln FH •

Leipzig HTWK • Oldenburg U • Potsdam FH •

Regensburg U • Stuttgart HdM • Ulm HS





3.10 Linguistic and Speech Sciences, includingPhonetics, Linguistics and Rhetoric

Study Field Outline

German universities offer courses inlinguistics either in the form of historical-comparative studies or as general linguis-tics; in addition, the study of linguisticsis taught within the scope of individualphilologies. Studies in speech sciences,

phonetics, or rhetoric deal with the edu-cational and communication-theoreticalas well as, in some cases, with logopaedic(speech therapy) aspects of speech.

Historical-comparative linguistic studiesessentially have two core research areas.The first treats the comparative study of languages of the Indo-European (formerly

Indo-Germanic) family, including nearlyall European and several oriental and Asianlanguages. Studies research and comparethe older language levels as well as morerecent or related developments. On theother hand, historical-comparative linguis-tics is concerned with the reconstructionand correction of incomplete or faultyhanded down texts that serve as sources

for other disciplines. This is why closecontacts exist with many other subjectsthat depend on such texts. In both cases,the student must be interested in learningancient and modern languages of the Indo-European and other language groups.

General linguistic studies mainly researchand are concerned with modern languagesas fundamental structures of humanexistence and society as well as subjectinggiven language systems to phonological,

morphological, syntactic, semantic, prag-matic and text-critical analysis. Key meth-ods and disciplines include structuralismand semiotics, generative transforma-tional grammar, structural and generativesemantics, text linguistics, language con-tent analysis and communication research,with a focus on inter-human communica-

tion. Special research areas have devel-oped in fields such as psycholinguistics(study of language acquisition, languageand thought), sociolinguistics (study of thelanguage of various social strata), pragma-linguistics (study of the effect of languagein various spheres of life).

Computer linguistics (linguistic data

processing, electronic language process-ing, etc.) deals with the processing of natural language in computer systems.It shares working areas with linguistics,computer science and information sci-ence/technology.

The still relatively young scientificresearch field of text technology deals,

inter alia, with the technological process-ing and information enhancement of texts.Courses teach methods of text descriptionand processing that facilitate the presenta-tion of texts in various media, the machineprocessing of texts and the hypertextualor hypermedia presentation of texts. Thesimplified retrieval and usage or archivingof texts is also a study area in this field.

Speech science, rhetoric, and phoneticsstudy the conditions of human communi-






of Music

Studies: Core areas: Introductory lecturesand exercises in general linguistics aswell as basic concepts and methods in themain study stage of a linguistic-philologi-cal degree programme.

Full studies: Historical-comparative lin-guistics and general linguistics can bechosen as major or minor subjects, as canmost of the speech sciences, rhetoric andphonetics programmes. In the course of their studies, students develop focus areaswithin the above-mentioned fields, whichwill differ greatly from one institution tothe next depending on the subjects offeredby their respective institution.

cation from the perspective of spoken ex-pression, i.e. are centrally concerned withhuman speech and hearing. Depending onthe specialist focus of the respective degree

programmes, instrumental measurementmethods including the use of computers(phonetics), speech education or rhetori-cal communication will play an importantrole. Speech education develops adequatemethods of breathing, voice formation andpronunciation/articulation for people whomainly work with their voice under stress

conditions (professionals, such as teachers)to prevent functional impairments of thespeech organs and/or to train speech-artskills, e.g. in the field of performing arts.Rhetoric promotes communication skillsby expanding the conversation and speechskills, while pathological-therapeuticaspects of speech sciences deal with voicedisorders and similar impairments.

Language teaching research deals with theconditions and opportunities of learningand teaching foreign languages as well ashow these are used in communication.This is an empirical and interdisciplinarysubject that combines theory-learninginterests with practical objectives (e.g. thedidactic-methodological conception of for-

eign language lessons/the art and scienceof teaching).

Linguistics and speech sciences have

close links with respective neighbouringdisciplines, such as education, anthropol-ogy, ethnology, logic, philosophy, com-puter science, psychology as well as withtherapy-focused degree programmes. Asa rule, students must have a knowledge of several foreign languages of which at leasttwo are living languages, plus an adequate

knowledge of Latin. Since the beginning of the 19th century, and particularly in recentdecades, study of the Indo-Germanic (nowIndo-European) languages and generallinguistics has produced fundamentalinsights for studies in the individual philol-ogies and has also led to decisive changesin the didactic-methodological conceptionof German and foreign language teaching.

Some higher education institutions notonly offer students opportunities for stud-ying another major, but also allow themto gain the speech training qualificationoffered by the German Society of SpeechScience and Speech Training (DeutscheGesellschaft für Sprechwissenschaft undSprecherziehung – DGSS).





3.11 Media


Aachen TH • Augsburg U • Berlin FU • Berlin HU • Berlin TU • Bielefeld U • Bochum U •

Bonn U • Bremen U • Darmstadt TU • Dortmund TU • Dresden TU • Düsseldorf U • Eichstätt-

Ingolstadt U (Eichstätt) • Erfurt U • Erlangen-Nürnberg U (Erlangen) • Frankfurt am Main U •Freiburg U • Gießen U • Göttingen U • Greifswald U • Halle-Wittenberg U • Hamburg U •

Hannover U • Heidelberg U • Jena U • Kiel U • Koblenz-Landau U (Landau) • Köln FH • Köln U •

Konstanz U • Leipzig U • Mainz U • Marburg U • München SDI • München U • Münster U •

Paderborn U • Passau U • Potsdam U • Regensburg U • Rostock U • Saarbrücken U •

Siegen U • Stuttgart HfM • Stuttgart U • Trier U • Tübingen U • Würzburg U

Study Field Outline

Since the 1980s, the “media” have beenseen as a growth industry that clearlyoffers career fields for the future. In par-

ticular, the leaps and bounds taken inthe development of computer technologytogether with the range of new telecom-munications opportunities, the increase inprivate TV and radio channels, in particu-lar, and the advance of audio-visual mediaand the computer (PC) have substantiallychanged the living and working world.The development of information technol-

ogy and electronic media has also createdcompletely new forms of media and styles.

However, it is difficult to clearly definethe term “media”. This difficulty is plainlyexpressed in the diversity of new formsof training and study and the variety of

conceivable and actual occupational/careerfields. Besides the partly longer-standing“media” programmes offered in journal-ism, in communication studies, in printand media engineering, film/TV, design,

especially communication design/visualcommunication and photo/film design,the practice relevant principles of infor-mation technology and its subject-relatedapplication are increasingly being taught.In addition, new degree programmes andsubjects have evolved, such as media man-agement, media business and economics,media information systems, game design,

or virtual design.





Studies at Universities, Colleges of

Music/Art/Film and Universities of

Applied Sciences

Admissions requirements: Some highereducation institutions require proof of specific degree-course related aptitude; thehigher education institutions have devel-oped their own tests to determine this.

Studies: Studies are either completedin independent degree programmes orsubjects or as a core study area or spe-cialisation within an overarching degreeprogramme, above all, in universities of applied sciences programmes in design,and similarly at art colleges and universi-ties. Over and above this, courses canalso be found in specific teacher trainingprogrammes and in education, e.g. mediaeducation.


Aachen FH • Amberg-Weiden FH (Amberg) • Ansbach FH • Augsburg FH • Augsburg U •

Bayreuth U • Berlin IBS • Berlin FU • Berlin HU • Berlin MDH (Berlin, Düsseldorf, München) •

Berlin TFH • Berlin TU • Berlin UdK • Bielefeld FH • Bielefeld FHM • Bielefeld U •

Bochum HS • Bochum U • Bonn U • Brandenburg FH • Braunschweig / Wolfenbüttel FH

(Salzgitter) • Braunschweig HBK • Braunschweig TU • Bremen HfK • Bremen HS • Bremen

Jacobs University • Bremen U • Bremerhaven H • Bruchsal IU • Calw HS • Chemnitz TU •

Cottbus TU • Darmstadt HS • Dortmund FH • Dortmund ISM (Dortmund, Frankfurt am Main) •

Dresden TU • Duisburg-Essen U (Duisburg) • Düsseldorf FH • Düsseldorf U • Erlangen-

Nürnberg U (Erlangen) • Frankfurt (Oder) U • Frankfurt am Main HfBK • Frankfurt am Main U •

Freiburg U • Friedrichshafen ZU • Furtwangen HS • Halle HfKuD • Halle-Wittenberg U •

Hamburg HAW • Hamburg HfBK • Hamburg HfMT • Hamburg HSBA • Hamburg U •

Hannover FH • Hannover HMT • Hildesheim U • Hof FH • Idstein EFF • Ilmenau TU •

Iserlohn BiTS • Kaiserslautern FH • Karlsruhe HfGest • Kassel U • Kiel FH • Köln DSHS •

Köln EFF • Köln KuHMedien • Köln RheinFH • Köln U • Konstanz U • Leipzig HGB •

Leipzig HTWK • Lippe und Höxter FH (Lemgo) • Lübeck FH • Lübeck U • Ludwigsburg FABW •

Magdeburg U • Magdeburg-Stendal FH (Magdeburg) • Mainz FH • Mainz U • Mannheim Pop-

Akad.BW • Mannheim U • Marburg U • Merseburg FH • Mittweida HS • München AkdBK •

München HFF • München MFM • München U • Münster KuAk • Münster U • Neu-Ulm FH •Offenburg HS • Oldenburg / Ostfriesland / Wilhelmshaven FH (Wilhelmshaven) • Oldenburg U •

Osnabrück FH (Lingen/Ems) • Paderborn U • Passau U • Potsdam U • Potsdam UMC •

Potsdam-Babelsberg HFF • Regensburg U • Reutlingen HS • Saar HBK (Saarbrücken) •

Schwäbisch Gmünd HfGestaltung • Schwäbisch Hall FH • Siegen U • Stuttgart AkdBK •

Stuttgart HdM • Trier U • Tübingen U • Ulm HS • Weimar U • Weingarten PH •

Wiesbaden FH • Würzb.-Schweinf.-FH (Würzburg)





3.12 Media Studies, Journalism

Study Field Outline

The study of journalism and media studiescovers all the aspects involved in process-ing and disseminating news and informa-tion via various media, like newspapers,magazines, television, radio, film, newsagencies, and the press and informationunits of government authorities, politi-

cal parties, associations and companies.However, there is no formally prescribedor uniformly defined professional train-ing for this very wide range of activities.Besides mastery of spoken and writtenGerman, aspiring journalists must havean interest in establishing contacts withpeople from many different walks of life,must be thorough and accurate, and must

have the ability to present complex factsand contexts in a generally understandablemanner. A knowledge of the electronicmedia and of information and computertechnology is important.

Various routes are available to a career injournalism and media fields. One involvesa voluntary traineeship (Volontariat)

of between one and two years withoutany previous higher education studies(meanwhile relatively rare). Studying at aschool of journalism is another possibleroute. However, the most frequently takenpath involves a combination of studyinga relevant subject at a higher educationinstitution followed by a voluntary trainee-ship (Volontariat). No recommendationscan be given on which subjects to take,since various subject groups are possible,depending on the career goal and field of

work. In some cases, postgraduate stud-

ies in journalism may be meaningful forstudents who have graduated in (an)othersubject(s).

Some institutions offer independentdegree programmes in journalism undera range of different titles that combinetheoretical disciplines and career-focused

(practical) journalistic studies within a sin-gle programme. Admission to such pro-grammes is decided through a selectionprocedure. Specifically, such programmesare journalism (major, minor or core studyarea/specialisation programmes), mediastudies and communication studies. Thelatter examines the communication proc-ess in all its functions and effects, as well

as the structure of the mass media, howthey affect public opinion, or how journal-ists work and see themselves and theirrole. The dividing lines between these pro-grammes have not yet been clearly definedand are still in flux. Journalism tends tobe more practical, while media studiesand communication studies have a greatertheoretical orientation. Some universities

have recently started offering programmesin technical writing/editing and onlinejournalism.






of Music/Art and Universities of

Applied Sciences

Practical experience/internships: Between6 weeks and 6 months.

Basic study stage: Principles of socialsciences and communication studies,the working methods and techniques of journalism and media studies, as well asmedia competence. Depending on the

programme in question, the specialistfields of study will vary greatly, coveringareas like literary studies, political science,economics and business administra-tion, history, art history. As the studiesprogress, practical semesters and mediawork placements or internships lastingseveral months are added in collaborationwith schools of journalism and media

companies.

Main study stage: Specialisation andconsolidation of the theoretical knowledgeand practical experience and skills.


Aachen TH • Aalen HS • Bamberg U •

Berlin FHTW • Berlin FU • Berlin UdK •

Bielefeld FHM • Bonn-Rhein-Sieg FH (SanktAugustin) • Bremen HS • Chemnitz TU •

Darmstadt HS (Dieburg) • Dortmund TU •

Duisburg-Essen U (Essen) • Eichstätt-

Ingolstadt U (Eichstätt) • Erfurt U •

Frankfurt am Main HfMDK • Freiburg U •

Friedrichshafen ZU • Gelsenkirchen FH

(Gelsenkirchen) • Gießen U • Greifswald U •

Hamburg U • Hannover FH • Hildesheim U •

Hohenheim U (Stuttgart) • Iserlohn BiTS •

Jena U • Karlsruhe HfM • Karlsruhe HS •

Köln FH • Leipzig U • Magdeburg-Stendal

FH (Magdeburg) • Mainz U • Merseburg FH •

München HFF • München MFM •

München SDI • München U • Münster U •

Nürnberg HS • Oldenburg / Ostfriesland /

Wilhelmshaven FH (Wilhelmshaven) •

Osnabrück FH (Lingen/Ems) • Weilheim-

Bierbronnen GSA (Weilheim)

3.13 Music, Performing Arts

Study Field Outline

The colleges of art and music, and, insome cases, traditional universities anduniversities of education, offer a widerange of study opportunities in the field of music. The education and training aims toqualify students with the skills, knowledgeand methods that they need for a career inart or music education. The mains fields

of study include instrumental music (solo,orchestra, chamber music), church music,song (solo, choir), conducting (choir andorchestra conducting), music coaching,composition, with programmes offered ininstrumental and vocal music, as well asclassical music-orientated programmes,and programmes that focus on jazz/pop/rock. Moreover, some institutionsoffer programmes in sound engineering





(ending with a Tonmeister/in or Tonin-genieur/in degree), which prepares stu-dents for positions of responsibility in thedirection and realisation of sound record-

ings as well as TV and radio broadcasting,in the theatre and in other media areas.Besides the traditional programmes thatare currently experiencing major changeand reform, above all as a result of the newmedia, other programmes are also beingoffered now, such as in general musiceducation or in rhythmics, which combine

aspects of music and movement educa-tion.

Programmes leading to a teaching quali-fication for positions at general educationschools also represent part of the highereducation institution remit. Besidesthese institutions, music academies andconservatoires train teachers for music

schools as well as freelance music teach-ers. The state and church colleges of music also provide programmes in churchmusic leading to qualification with the so-called B and A examinations.

To qualify for admission to the study of music, applicants must prove their artis-tic ability/aptitude for the programme in

question. The colleges hold aptitude teststo determine an applicant’s qualification.The colleges above all expect studentsto have a good potential singing andspeaking voice, mastery of a main and asecondary instrument, a good ear and afoundation in general music theory andharmony. Applicants who can prove out-standing musical talent can – as long asthe programme in question is not one thatleads to the First State Examination (ErsteStaatsprüfung) for a teaching qualification

(Lehramt) – be exempted from having tohold a higher education entrance qualifica-tion. In some cases, special provisions willapply to the training of freelance music

teachers.

The study of performing arts includesmusicals, dance/choreography, drama,directing, pantomime.

Musical performers unite the fields of song, dance and acting in their art. Besides

having a good potential singing voice, apronounced sense of musicality, and goodbasic musical background/training, theyshould also, much as the students of danceand drama, have performing/acting skillsand a robust physical constitution.

Stage dancers conceive, reproduce andinterpret classical and modern dance roles

in ballet and musical productions as wellas within the scope of dance scenes inoperas and operettas. Choreographers areresponsible for developing and adaptingdance performances and dance scenes.In order to be able to exclusively depicthuman experience and ideas, charactersand actions by means of dance, move-ment, gestures and facial expression alone,

students need dance skills, an artisticsensitivity, expressive and conceptionalskills, an outstanding physical constitu-tion and fitness. The training is providedat colleges of music, in the non-universitysector at private, municipal and privateballet schools. Training as a stage danceror musical performer is not subject to anylegally-defined formal educational quali-fications, although early dance training isexpected.






of Music/Art and Universities of

Applied Sciences

Music

Studies: The initial focus is on exercisesin singing, enunciation, articulation andexpression, instrumental play, composi-tion, music theory, music history, instru-

ment studies, choir and orchestra per-formance and orchestra conducting; laterstudies focus on the selected instrumentor on singing. Programmes leading to ateaching degree generally include studyof a second subject or of minor subject(s),plus courses in art practice, musicology,education and music teaching didacticsand methodology. Music teachers areexpected to be able to pass on their inter-

Actors aim to use the instruments of speech, facial expression and gesture onthe stage, as well as in film, radio and TV,to use interpretations to bring the role

specified by the text and the director tolife; in most cases, this is done within anensemble. Stage design and props, cos-tumes and make-up provide the externalframework. An interest in literature and,in particular, a good memory for texts areimportant requirements for successfulstudies and training, just as are the abil-

ity to understand the role and at the sametime to give it vivid and individual expres-sion. The training lasts at least three yearsand is provided by colleges of music anddrama, as well as state and private dramaschools. Graduates who have an artisticfocus and who hold a Diplom degreein elocution/speech training qualify asexperts in the field of aesthetic commu-

nication for reciting literary works in amanner appropriate to the text and situa-tion and for working with the methods of artistic performance.

To qualify for admission to higher educa-tion, applicants must hold a higher educa-tion entrance qualification and must pass

an aptitude test. Applicants who can proveoutstanding artistic talent/aptitude may beexempted from having to hold the highereducation entrance qualification.

The study of dramatic art as a part of a teacher training programme aims toqualify teachers in the use of the mediumof artistic self-expression (movement, ges-ture, music, facial expression, dance, etc.)in a didactic methodological manner (artand science of teaching a subject) in the

classroom and to systematically introducechildren and youths to the art of verbaland non-verbal self-expression and presen-tation. At the same time, this provides anopportunity to identify and promote actingtalent at an early stage at school.

Overall responsibility for a performancelies with the director. The study of direct-

ing can be taken at colleges of art, music,film or TV; specialisation in music, drama,film and TV directing is possible. Overand above this, courses in dramaturgy (artof dramatic composition) and playwritingare offered as independent degree pro-grammes.





3.14 Musicology


Alanus HS (Alfter) • Augsburg U • Bamberg U • Bayreuth HfKiM • Bayreuth U • Berlin FU •

Berlin HfM • Berlin HfS • Berlin UdK • Bielefeld U • Braunschweig HBK • Braunschweig TU •

Bremen HfK • Detmold HfM (Detmold, Dortmund, Münster) • Dortmund TU • Dresden HfKiM •Dresden HfM • Dresden Palucca Schule HS für Tanz • Düsseldorf HfM • Erfurt U • Essen HfM

(Bochum, Duisburg, Essen) • Flensburg U • Frankfurt am Main HfMDK • Frankfurt am Main U •

Freiburg HfM • Gießen U • Görlitz HfKiM • Greifswald U • Halle HfKiM • Halle-Wittenberg U •

Hamburg HfMT • Hannover HMT • Heidelberg HfKiM • Herford HfKiM • Hildesheim U •

Karlsruhe HfM • Koblenz-Landau U (Koblenz) • Köln HfM (Aachen, Köln, Wuppertal) • Lausitz

FH (Cottbus) • Leipzig HfMT • Lübeck HfM • Ludwigsburg ADK • Ludwigsburg FABW •

Lüneburg U • Mainz U • Mannheim HfM • Mannheim Pop-Akad.BW • München HfMT •

München U • Münster U • Nürnberg-Augsburg HfM • Oldenburg U • Osnabrück FH •

Osnabrück U • Potsdam U • Potsdam-Babelsberg HFF • Regensburg HfKM • Rostock HMT •Rottenburg HfKi • Saar HfM (Saarbrücken) • Stuttgart HfM • Trossingen HfM •

Tübingen HfKiM • Vechta H • Weimar HfM • Wuppertal U • Würzburg HfM • Würzburg U

est in music to pupils along with a senseof musical judgment. Training as a churchmusician covers organ and choir directioncourses plus a series of minors in art prac-

tice and theory.

Performing Arts

Studies: This generally covers breathingand breath control, voice, speaking, body,movement, dance, ballet, singing, acting,performance, theory, education. Coursesare partly taught individually or in groups.

Study Field Outline

In contrast to programmes in music prac-tice and music education, musicology isprimarily concerned with the theoreticaland historical aspects of music. Its branch-es are music history (historical musicol-ogy), systematic musicology and musicalfolklore and ethnology (ethnomusicology).The history of music, which forms thecore of the study of musicology, examinesthe development of music from ancient

times to the present. It covers the life andwork of famous musicians, the develop-ment of musical styles, and discusses theindividual musical forms and historicalperiods. Systematic musicology covers thephysical, physiological, psychological andsociological aspects of music: music psy-chology including music therapy, musicsociology, music theory and the develop-ment of tonal systems and musical instru-ments (theory of musical instruments).Ethnomusicology researches European






of Music

Basic study stage: Introduction to themethods, working techniques and coreproblems of musicology in general lec-tures, introductory exercises and introduc-tory seminars.

Main study stage: Extension and consoli-dation of the knowledge and skills gained

in the basic study stage and specialisationin one of the three major branches of musicology: history of music, systematicmusicology or ethnomusicology in accord-ance with the student’s interests andcareer goal. The reception of academicliterature and independent research workaccount for the greatest proportion of thisstage. Students also attend special lectures

and advanced seminars.

folk music and those cultures and civilisa-tions in which music was largely handeddown in oral traditions (music of primitiveculture and civilisations, tribal peoples).

Studies aim to provide students with thequalifications needed for differentiallyrecognising, describing and analysing thediversity of musical phenomena, and forclassifying these critically in the appropri-ate cultural, social and historical contextsof their age and ours. Hence, useful minor

and complementary subjects include his-tory, literary studies, book studies, art his-tory, sociology, ethnology, psychology.

To qualify for admission to musicologyprogrammes, students must have a goodand trained ear and, where possible, beable to play a musical instrument, pref-

erably the piano, for rendering musicalscores. They should at least have a basicknowledge of musical theory and harmonyand be familiar with the main periodsand lines of development in the history of music. At the start of the studies, institu-tions offer exercises in music theory tohelp students acquire and consolidate

their basic knowledge.



Bonn U • Bremen U • Dresden TU •Düsseldorf U • Eichstätt-Ingolstadt U

(Eichstätt) • Frankfurt am Main U •



Hamburg U • Heidelberg U • Hildesheim U •

Jena U • Karlsruhe HfM • Kiel U • Koblenz-

Landau U • Köln U • Leipzig U • Mainz U •


Oldenburg U • Osnabrück U • Paderborn U •

Potsdam U • Regensburg U •

Saarbrücken U • Tübingen U •

Weimar HfM • Würzburg U






Basic study stage: Consolidation andextension of the language skills gainedat grammar school, translation and styleexercises, text interpretation, acquisition of academic/scientific research methods.

Main study stage: Consolidation andextension of the knowledge of languageand above all linguistic aspects, improve-ment of independent philological-aca-demic interpretation, critical analysis andstudies of basic problems of philology andthe current state of research. Travel to thecountries and regions of ancient civilisa-tions to extend regional knowledge andskills. Prospective teachers additionallystudy education and specialist didacticsand methodology in both study stages

(art and science of teaching). Emphasisthroughout the studies is placed on read-ing the major classical authors in the origi-nal as well as relevant secondary literatureand commentaries.


Augsburg U • Bamberg U • Berlin FU •

Berlin HU • Bochum U • Bonn U •

Dresden TU • Eichstätt-Ingolstadt U

(Eichstätt) • Erlangen-Nürnberg U (Erlangen) •

Frankfurt am Main U • Freiburg U •

Gießen U • Göttingen U • Halle-

Wittenberg U • Hamburg U • Heidelberg U •

Jena U • Kiel U • Köln U • Leipzig U •

Mainz U • Marburg U • München U •

Münster U • Osnabrück U • Potsdam U •Regensburg U • Rostock U • Saarbrücken U •

Trier U • Tübingen U • Würzburg U

3.15 Philology, Classical

Study Field Outline

Classical philology is divided into Greekphilology and Latin philology. Theirresearch focuses, respectively, on the writ-ten forms of classical Greek or Romanculture as foundations of our culture. Bothsubjects are offered, above all, at tradition-al universities. Important and meaning-

ful auxiliary and minor subjects includeancient history, classical archaeology,religious studies, art history, philosophy,linguistics and ancient/classical studies.

The study of medieval philology, whichis concerned with Latin language and lit-

erature in the European Middle Ages, is

closely related to classical philology.

To qualify for admission to studies, appli-cants must have a good knowledge of Latin and Greek, and also a knowledge of English, French and Italian for the studyof secondary literature. Due to the closeties between Latin and Greek literature

and intellectual history, students of Latinphilology must demonstrate a knowledgeof Greek by taking the Graecum languagetest and, vice versa, students of Greek phi-lology a knowledge of Latin by taking theLatinum before or during their studies,depending on the institution in question.





Study Field Outline

Modern philology is concerned with thestudy of living languages. The approachesare literary, i.e. study of the content,structure and stylistic effects of literarytexts as well as linguistic, i.e. study of thephonetics, morphology, syntax, seman-tics and pragmatics. While translation

and interpretation programmes focus onmastery of foreign languages as a meansof communication, philology courses con-sider the acquisition of a foreign languageto be important and necessary, but donot regard this to be the ultimate goal of the studies. Beyond language acquisition,students are also familiarised with a lan-guage’s historical forms and examine in

detail the linguistic, literary, cultural andhistorical elements of its philology as wellas the history, politics, economy and geog-

raphy, culture and society of the country/

region in question (area studies). The rela-tive weighting between language and theabove-mentioned components varies fromsubject to subject and from one institutionto the next. At least two semesters of thestudies should be studied in a country inwhich the target language is relevant, pref-erably mid-course.

Important auxiliary and subsidiary dis-ciplines include history, geography, lin-guistics and literary studies, translating/interpreting, and, for some philologies,social sciences and economics/businessadministration. Some institutions offeralternative programmes that combine for-eign languages or philologies with other

subjects in a so-called course of career-orientated foreign language training.

3.16 Philology, Modern


Basic study stage: The focus is on learn-

ing the relevant foreign language or lan-guages, including earlier forms. Good lan-guage skills at the start of the studies areonly expected of students reading Englishand French, while a knowledge of Latinis very useful, above all, for the study of French and the other Romance languages.Students should not underestimate thetime and effort involved in learning aforeign language. The languages of theFar East with alphabetical characters that

differ greatly from European characters(e.g. Chinese pictographic/ideographicscript) also call for a good visual memory

and make particularly heavy demands onstudents. Parallel to the acquisition of theforeign language, students also study therelevant linguistic and cultural aspects(history, area studies, geography, religion).

Main study stage: The language and areastudies skills gained in the basic studystage are extended and consolidated in themain study stage. Emphasis on the studyof literature and sources, text interpreta-






Berlin FU • Berlin HU • Bochum U • Bonn U • Duisburg-Essen U (Duisburg) • Düsseldorf U •

Erlangen-Nürnberg U (Erlangen) • Frankfurt am Main U • Freiburg U • Halle-Wittenberg U •

Hamburg U • Heidelberg U • Köln U • Leipzig U • München U • Münster U • Passau U •



Bayreuth U • Berlin HU • Bielefeld U • Frankfurt am Main U • Hamburg U • Köln U • Mainz U

East Asian studies

Among the languages of the Far East (EastAsian Studies), Chinese (Chinese studies/Sinology) and Japanese (Japanese stud-ies/Japanology) are the most significant.Other languages include Korean (Koreanstudies), the Central Asian philologies(Manchurian, Mongolian, Tibetan studies)and the languages of South East Asia (Bur-mese, Laotian, Malay, Thai, Vietnamese

studies).

Traditionally, the study of these Far East-ern philologies has been concerned with

the classical languages and the associatedliterature. Increasingly, however, thesesubjects are also being offered as regionaland cultural studies, which besides dealingwith the modern language of the country,also take into consideration political andeconomic aspects. These more appliedstudies are to be found, in particular, inthe field of Japanese studies on account of

the country’s leading position in the FarEast as well as, to some extent, in Sinology.

tion, discussion of fundamental questionsof relevance to the subject, academic tech-niques and working methods. By specialis-ing and setting areas of personal interest

students can develop ideas for the finalthesis from the topic areas treated in themain study stage.

Central African,

Ancient American philologies

Some few universities also offer studies inthe languages of Central Africa (African

studies) and ancient America (ancientAmerican studies, cf. also history).






Berlin FU • Freiburg U • Hamburg U • München U


Aachen TH • Augsburg U • Bamberg U • Bayreuth U • Berlin FU • Berlin HU • Bielefeld U •

Bochum U • Bonn U • Braunschweig TU • Bremen U • Chemnitz TU • Darmstadt TU •

Dortmund TU • Dresden TU • Duisburg-Essen U (Essen) • Düsseldorf U • Eichstätt-Ingolstadt U

(Eichstätt) • Erfurt U • Erlangen-Nürnberg U (Erlangen) • Flensburg U • Frankfurt am Main U •

Freiburg U • Gießen U • Göttingen U • Greifswald U • Halle-Wittenberg U • Hamburg U •

Hannover U • Heidelberg U • Hildesheim U • Jena U • Kassel U • Kiel U • Koblenz-Landau U •Köln U • Konstanz U • Leipzig U • Lüneburg U • Magdeburg U • Mainz U • Mannheim U •

Marburg U • München U • Münster U • Oldenburg U • Osnabrück U • Paderborn U •

Passau U • Potsdam U • Regensburg U • Rostock U • Saarbrücken U • Siegen U • Stuttgart U •

Trier U • Tübingen U • Vechta H • Wuppertal U • Würzburg U

Oriental studies

The largest category of the non-Europeanphilologies is made up of those subjectsgrouped together under the heading of oriental studies:

The languages and cultures of theancient Orient, such as Egyptology, Assyri-

ology, Hittitology, which actually belong tothe field of ancient or classical studies.

Indian philology (Indology), which isconcerned with the languages and cul-tures of the Indian subcontinent, bothhistorically and in the modern, contem-porary context. This includes Sanskrit,especially important for Indo-Germanic

Modern Greek philology

The study of Modern Greek (ModernGreek philology) covers the literature, lan-guage, and area studies of modern Greece(as from the beginning of the 19th cen-

tury) and includes the fields of language

acquisition, linguistics and translationstudies, literary and area studies, SouthEastern European studies, fundamentalsof classical ancient studies and Byzantinestudies.

English studies

The field of English studies deals with thelanguage and literature of the English-

speaking world, mainly Britain (Englishstudies in the narrower sense) and NorthAmerica (American studies, in some casesalso Canadian studies).





Slavonic studies

The focus of Slavonic studies is on thelanguages, literatures and cultures of theEastern and South Eastern European peo-ples. These are divided into three groups:East Slavonic (Russniak/Ruthenian, Rus-sian + Ukraine and Belorussian/Byelorus-

sian), West Slavonic (Kashubian, LowerSorbian/Upper Sorbian Wendish, Polish,Slovakian and Czech), and South Slavonic(Bulgarian, Burgenland-Croatian, Macedo-nian, Serbo-Croatian, Bosnian and Slove-nian). Old Church Slavonic also belongs tothis group, a subject of great importancein the field of language history.


Augsburg U • Bayreuth U • Berlin FU • Berlin HU • Bochum U • Bonn U • Bremen U •

Dresden TU • Duisburg-Essen U (Essen) • Düsseldorf U • Eichstätt-Ingolstadt U (Eichstätt) •

Erfurt U • Erlangen-Nürnberg U (Erlangen) • Frankfurt am Main U • Freiburg U • Gießen U •Göttingen U • Halle-Wittenberg U • Hamburg U • Heidelberg U • Jena U • Kassel U • Kiel U •

Koblenz-Landau U (Landau) • Köln U • Konstanz U • Leipzig U • Mainz U • Mannheim U •

Marburg U • München U • Münster U • Osnabrück U • Paderborn U • Passau U • Potsdam U •

Regensburg U • Rostock U • Saarbrücken U • Stuttgart U • Trier U • Tübingen U •

Wuppertal U • Würzburg U

3.17 Philosophy


Berlin FU • Berlin HU • Bochum U • Bonn U • Bremen U • Dresden TU • Erfurt U • Frankfurt

(Oder) U • Freiburg U • Gießen U • Göttingen U • Greifswald U • Halle-Wittenberg U •

Hamburg U • Heidelberg U • Jena U • Kiel U • Köln U • Konstanz U • Leipzig U • Mainz U •

München U • Münster U • Oldenburg U • Passau U • Potsdam U • Regensburg U • Trier U •

Tübingen U • Würzburg U

Study Field Outline

Philosophy is a fundamental science thataddresses the conditions and history of thought, ideas, perception, the positionof humankind in the universe, humanaction, human problems as a physical,

mental and intellectual being and with thesystematics and logic of science and schol-arship. Branches of philosophy includemetaphysics, ontology, epistemology,logic, ethics and aesthetics. Fields such asthe philosophy of law, the philosophy of history, social philosophy, the philosophy





Studies at Universities,

Philosophical-Theological Colleges

and other Higher Education

Institutions

Studies: The study of philosophy calls fora thorough treatment of and preoccupa-tion with the various branches of phi-losophy (acquired through seminars andindependent study of literature), begin-ning with ancient times and continuingthrough to the present-day. Introductory

and preparatory courses in logic and basicphilosophical concepts are particularlyimportant elements of the basic studystage. Lectures provide additional insightsinto specific philosophical periods and the

teachings and theories of major philoso-phers. An extensive knowledge of classicaland modern languages is important. Exer-cises on the interpretation of classical phil-osophical texts enhance the understandingof philosophical questions and problemsand of the terminology of philosophy.

Programmes in this fieldAachen TH • Augsburg U • Bamberg U • Bayreuth U • Berlin FU • Berlin HU • Berlin TU •

Bielefeld U • Bochum U • Bonn U • Braunschweig TU • Bremen U • Darmstadt TU •

Dortmund TU • Dresden TU • Duisburg-Essen U (Essen) • Düsseldorf U • Eichstätt-Ingolstadt U

(Eichstätt) • Erfurt U • Erlangen-Nürnberg U (Erlangen) • Flensburg U • Frankfurt am Main U •

Frankfurt School of Finance & Management • Freiburg U • Gießen U • Göttingen U •

Greifswald U • Hagen FernU • Halle-Wittenberg U • Hamburg U • Hannover U • Heidelberg U •

Hildesheim U • Jena U • Kassel U • Kiel U • Koblenz-Landau U • Köln U • Konstanz U •

Leipzig U • Magdeburg U • Mainz U • Marburg U • München HPhil • München U •

Münster U • Oldenburg U • Osnabrück U • Paderborn U • Potsdam U • Regensburg U •Rostock U • Saarbrücken U • Siegen U • Stuttgart U • Trier ThFak • Trier U • Tübingen U •

Ulm U • Vechta H • Weilheim-Bierbronnen GSA (Weilheim) • Witten/Herdecke U (Witten) •

Wuppertal U • Würzburg U

of language, etc., along with the philoso-phy of science act as further links to othersubjects. Conversely, influences fromother sciences and fields act on philoso-phy. Logic, for example, is strongly influ-

enced by mathematical insights, whilethe philosophy of language is stronglyinfluenced by the findings of linguistics(linguistic turn).





3.19 Translating and Interpreting


Studies: Generally, the training of inter-preters and translators focuses on theselected foreign languages, supplementedby courses in linguistics and translationstudies, linguistic computing, social sci-ences and cultural studies of foreign coun-tries, plus a complementary school subjectand general studies subjects. Literarytranslation programmes provide trainingin two source languages and in the targetlanguage, i.e. German. Studies cover

translation-relevant branches of literature

and linguistics, as well as core profes-sional qualifications (practical translationexercises, theory and history of translation,professional studies, theory and practice of writing).

Study Field Outline

In contrast to the philological study of for-eign languages, the study of translating andinterpreting aims to develop skills in thecorrect rendering of speeches, (conference)discussions and debating (interpreting)or written texts (professional translating/literary translating) from one language into

another. Interpreters work at meetings andconferences of all kinds, but also in thejudicial system and general administration,politics as well as in business, and must bequick and accurate in their work. Transla-tors, on the other hand, need to have highlydeveloped skills in correct stylistic and for-mal text expression in the target languageand editorial abilities for their work on

specialist texts of all kinds, including non-fiction books, newspapers, magazines, jour-nals, essays, radio programmes or commer-cial correspondence. This calls for literarytalent. Furthermore, translators and inter-

preters also need a sound knowledge of

the subject areas they work in (technologyand engineering, law, business, medicine,science). Translators of literature renderworks of fiction (narrative prose, drama,lyric, poetry) into the target language. Thiscalls for sound philological knowledge inthe foreign and mother language, as well asliterary talent and stylistic diversity.

Degree programmes in these fields areoffered by universities and universities of applied sciences. Students should havegood language skills and language profi-ciency, at least in school languages. Pro-paedeutics courses lasting between 1 and 2pre-sessional semesters prepare studentsfor translator/interpreter studies in other

languages. Students are urgently advised tospend at least one semester abroad in thelanguage region relevant to their foreignlanguage(s). Some institutions have madestudy sections abroad required elements.


Berlin HU • Bonn U • Düsseldorf U •

Hamburg U • Heidelberg U •

Hildesheim U • Leipzig U • Mainz U

(Germersheim) • Saarbrücken U






Sciences

Practical experience/internships: One-year of practical training (internship/work placement) in a translation office,an industrial, commercial or trading com-pany, a bank, insurance company, etc.

Studies: Courses above all lead to masteryof the techniques of translating or inter-preting in the first and second foreign

language, including theoretical linguisticcomputing (from the field of terminologytheory, computer linguistics) and practi-cal linguistic computing (terminologyadministration, automated translation).

Besides linguistics and translation studies,students also undertake cultural, regionaland area studies on relevant countries andtraining in selected fields of specialisa-

tion (business, law, etc.) as well as generalstudies subjects.

Study Field Outline

The visual arts are divided into two mainbranches; fine art and applied art. Fine artincludes painting, glass, graphic art, sculp-ture (incl. all three-dimensional work suchas objects and installations) and perform-

ance. Applied art includes goldsmith andsilversmith art, ceramics, textile art, andstage design, although many areas over-lap and intersect with the field of graphicdesign, media art, textile design, productdesign, etc. In some cases, the transitionto fine art is not clearly defined at all andis in flux.

Degree programmes in the visual artsaim to prepare students for careers as

professional artists or for art educationprofessions, and to provide them with therequisite specialist knowledge, skills andmethods in the fields of relevance to theirlater career. The curriculum and range of studies offered is consequently diverse.

Studies in fine and applied art are gener-ally pursued at colleges of art as well as atsome universities, and at one university of applied sciences. For details on the degreeprogrammes in architecture, interiordesign and design please refer to the rel-evant sections.

Besides the requirement to hold a quali-fication for admission to a university or auniversity of applied sciences, applicants


Bad Homburg HS (Bad Homburg) •

Flensburg FH • Köln FH • Konstanz HS •

Leipzig AKAD • Magdeburg-Stendal FH

(Magdeburg) • Mannheim HS •

München SDI • Pinneberg AKAD FH •

Stuttgart AKAD • Würzb.-Schweinf.-FH

(Würzburg) • Zittau/Görlitz HS (Zittau) •

Zwickau HS

3.20 Visual Arts





must also prove that they have specialtalent or aptitude for the programme/subject in question and so are likely tobe able to complete their studies with

success. The institutions have developedtheir own selection or testing proceduresfor establishing this talent or aptitude.Criteria for selection include a portfolio of the student’s own artistic work, examina-tions and generally a selection interview.Given the limited availability of teachingstaff, the educational standards and the

intensity of the training, the number of study places is limited. Applicants withoutstanding artistic talent or aptitude maybe exempted from the requirement tohold a university or university of appliedsciences entrance qualification. However,this ruling does not apply for programmesthat end with the first state examination(Erstes Staatsexamen) as a teaching quali-

fication (Lehramt).

Art education programmes (at universitiesand universities of education) aim to trainteachers for art teaching positions at gene-ral education schools. The courses intend

to convey an ability to design, analyseand interpret works of fine art, and thedesign or creative environment or visualmedia. Such programmes call for an equalamount of artistic talent and educationalinterest.

Over the years, the range of studies with

an art/design or art/technical curriculumhas expanded in response to the differen-tiated range of career opportunities andprofessions. The programmes in restora-tion and art therapy are of particular inter-est; institutions have recently introducedsuch programmes as a means of meetinggrowing demand in these fields.


of Art and Universities of Applied

Sciences

Practical experience/internships: Bavaria

requires practical experience in a craftstrade, while other federal states (Länder)recommend this.

Studies: Students begin with exercisesand elementary artistic teaching in sub-jects like drawing, painting, plastic design(sculpture) and material studies. Coursesalso teach arts and crafts techniques as

well as methods of artistic representationand principles of order. Later studentscan choose a consolidation area, e.g. inpainting, graphic art, commercial art, orsculpture. As studies progress, art his-

tory, art theory and art technology aspectsand methodology theory plus individualworking techniques become increasinglyimportant. The study of art for a teachingdegree generally requires students to takea second school subject. They must alsostudy courses in education theory and inthe didactics and methodology (art and sci-ence) of teaching art.






Alanus HS (Alfter) • Augsburg U • Bamberg U • Berlin FHTW • Berlin UdK • Berlin-Weißensee

KHB • Bielefeld U • Braunschweig HBK • Bremen HfK • Bremen U • Dresden HfBK •

Düsseldorf KuAk • Erfurt FH • Erfurt U • Flensburg U • Frankfurt am Main HfBK • Frankfurtam Main U • Gießen U • Greifswald U • Halle HfKuD • Hamburg HfBK • Hannover U •

Hildesheim U • Hildesheim/Holzminden/Göttingen HAWK (Hildesheim) • Karlsruhe AkdBK •

Kassel U • Kiel KH • Kiel U • Koblenz FH (Höhr-Grenzhausen) • Köln FH • Leipzig HGB •

Leipzig U • Lüneburg U • Mainz U • München AkdBK • München TU • München U •

Münster KuAk • Nürnberg AkdBK • Oldenburg U • Osnabrück U • Ottersberg FH •

Potsdam FH • Potsdam U • Regensburg U • Saar HBK (Saarbrücken) • Schwäbisch Hall FH •

Stuttgart AkdBK • Vechta H • Weimar U • Wuppertal U • Würzburg U





4 Law and Economics/Business Administration







Practical training/experience: Students atuniversities of applied sciences generallycomplete integrated practical semesters.

Studies: Modules in fields of computerscience including introductory courses onprogramming, data structures and algo-rithms, software engineering, computerstructures, operating systems. In businessinformation systems, modules in commu-

nication and collaboration systems, data-

bases, data management and modelling,software engineering, computer networks,application systems, information manage-ment, internet economics, e-business,implementation of corporate applicationsystems (including project management).In the business administration section,modules on principles, like financialmathematics, accounting and auditing,investment and finance management,controlling, cost and performance (doubleentry) accounting, marketing, plus legal,

Study Field Outline

Graduates of business information sys-tems are qualified as system architects forcorporate information systems. Besidesthe core contents of business computing,studies encompass basic areas of businessadministration and applied computer sci-ence plus the mathematical principles.

Some universities offer business informa-tion systems as part of a business admin-istration programme or as a specialisationin a computer science programme.

Business information systems are con-cerned with the structure, mode of operation and design of computer-basedcorporate information and communica-

tions systems. Specialists in businessinformation systems must be qualified todesign systems, i.e. to develop systems byanalysing complex systems and developingcomputer application systems.

Business information systems specialists

are responsible for developing, designingand operating commercial applicationsystems that perform administrative tasks(e.g. contract processing, procurementand purchasing, storage and materialflow monitoring, cost calculating, payrollprocessing, after-sales service), distribut-ing tasks (production preparation and

control, production/work planning andcontrol, and other areas), marketing andsales (e-commerce), online customerservices and strategic services as human-task-technology systems. Besides a broadknowledge of business administration andmanagement and the ability to developapplications systems, business informa-tion systems specialists must also have a

knowledge of the design and structure of systems software, such as operating sys-tems and databases, plus a knowledge of local and global communications systemsand networks.

4.1 Business Information Systems




Law and Economics/Business Administration 115

economic and socio-scientific frameworks;quantitative methods, including businessmathematics, operational research, sto-chastic theory, theory of decision-making.

Plus study assignments and projects with

modules on key qualifications (foreign lan-guages, management techniques, etc.).

Some universities divide the studies into a

basic and a main study stage.


Albstadt-Sigmaringen HS (Albstadt) • Ansbach FH • Augsburg FH • Augsburg U • Bamberg U •

Bergisch Gladbach FHDW • Berlin FHTW • Berlin FHW • Berlin HU • Bielefeld FH •

Bielefeld FHDW • Bielefeld FHM • Bingen FH • Bonn HSF • Bonn-Rhein-Sieg FH (Rheinbach,

Sankt Augustin) • Brandenburg FH • Braunschweig / Wolfenbüttel FH (Wolfsburg) •

Braunschweig TU • Bremerhaven H • Brühl EUFH (Brühl) • Chemnitz TU • Clausthal TU •

Coburg HS • Cottbus TU • Darmstadt TU • Deggendorf FH • Dortmund FH • Dresden HTW •

Duisburg-Essen U (Essen) • Erding FHAM • Erlangen-Nürnberg U (Nürnberg) • Essen FOM

(Berlin, Dortmund, Duisburg, Düsseldorf, Essen, Frankfurt am Main, Hamburg, Köln, Marl,

München, Neuss, Nürnberg, Siegen, Stuttgart) • Esslingen HS (Göppingen) • Flensburg FH •

Frankfurt (Oder) U • Frankfurt am Main FH • Frankfurt School of Finance & Management •

Fulda HS • Furtwangen HS • Gelsenkirchen FH (Bocholt, Gelsenkirchen) • Gießen-Friedberg FH

(Friedberg) • Göttingen FH priv. • Göttingen U • Hagen FernU • Halle-Wittenberg U •

Hamburg U • Hannover FH • Hannover FHDW • Harz HS (Halberstadt, Wernigerode) •

Heidelberg HS • Heilbronn HHN • Hildesheim U • Hof FH • Hohenheim U (Stuttgart) •

Ilmenau TU • Iserlohn BiTS • Jena U • Kaiserslautern FH (Zweibrücken) • Karlsruhe HS •Karlsruhe U • Kiel FH • Koblenz-Landau U (Koblenz) • Köln FH (Gummersbach, Köln) • Köln

RheinFH • Köln U • Konstanz HS • Leipzig U • Ludwigshafen FH • Lüneburg U • Magdeburg U •

Mainz FH • Mannheim U • Mittweida HS • München HS • München TU (Garching) •

München UBw (Neubiberg) • Münster U • Neu-Ulm FH • Niederrhein HS (Mönchengladbach) •

Nordakademie FH (Elmshorn) • Nürnberg HS • Oestrich-Winkel EBS (Oestrich-Winkel,

Wiesbaden) • Oldenburg / Ostfriesland / Wilhelmshaven FH (Wilhelmshaven) • Oldenburg U •

Osnabrück FH (Lingen/Ems) • Osnabrück U • Paderborn FHDW • Paderborn U • Passau U •

Pforzheim HS • Pinneberg AKAD FH • Provadis HS (Frankfurt am Main) • Ravensburg-

Weingarten HS (Weingarten) • Regensburg FH • Regensburg U • Reutlingen HS • Rostock PHU •

Rostock U • Saarbrücken U • Schmalkalden FH • Siegen U • Stralsund FH • Stuttgart AKAD •

Stuttgart HdM • Stuttgart HFT • Stuttgart U • Südwestfalen FH (Hagen, Soest) • Trier FH (Trier) •

Trier U • Ulm HS • Wedel FH • Wildau TFH • Wismar HS • Worms FH • Würzb.-Schweinf.-FH

(Würzburg) • Würzburg U





Study Field Outline

Commercial law fills the gap between theconventional law and business adminis-tration programmes and qualifies gradu-ates for commercial law positions at theinterface between legal and economicquestions. In-depth treatment of business-relevant (commercial) law plus fundamen-

tal business administration/managementcontexts, whereby the arrangement of therespective study contents differs from oneinstitution to the next.

Training focuses on later practice in busi-

ness and industry. Studies aim to preparestudents for management positions andspecialised responsibilities in industrialand commercial businesses, companiesand associations. Graduates hold thequalifications needed for processing evencomplex business matters from a legal andbusiness management perspective and for

finding practical and practicable solutions.



Basic study stage: Modules on the prin-ciples and the application of law, com-mercial private law and administrative law,corporate/company law, tax law, Europeanlaw, public law, corporate accounting,general business administration and eco-nomics, business information systems andbusiness mathematics, statistics. Modules

on key qualifications, like business Eng-lish, methodology of case studies, researchtechniques.

Main study stage: Extension and con-solidation studies, some involving corestudy areas and specialisation. Modulesfrom a wide range of law and businessmanagement fields; labour and industriallaw and human resources management,trade and company law, media and tel-ecommunications law, financial services,

intellectual property rights, building lawand real estate management, administra-

tive law, corporate tax law, internationalcommercial law, balance book accounting,competition and insolvency law. Studentsalso do excursions, case studies and cross-disciplinary modules like project planning,business English, rhetoric and presenta-tion techniques, team work.

Not all institutions divide the studies into

a basic and a main study stage.

4.2 Commercial Law





Study Field Outline

Degree programmes in economic sciencecover elements of business administration,the study of individual companies from amicroeconomic perspective (BWL), andeconomics, studies of the macroeconomiccontext (VWL). Taken together, these arealso offered as joint degree programmes ineconomics and business administration.

Business education is considered part of this. All these programmes have largelyidentical basic studies, so that studentsof Diplom degree courses can, during thepre-Diplom stage, generally change to anyof the other courses without difficulty.Only in the main study stage do the stud-ies often differ substantially.

Programmes leading to qualification as anindustrial engineer, commercial lawyer,business mathematician and business

information systems specialist often fall

under the umbrella of economics as well.In some cases, the contents of these pro-grammes are also offered within self-con-tained economics programmes and thenlead to the below specified degrees.

Regardless of whether university or uni-versity of applied sciences studies, all eco-nomics science programmes offer interest-

ing links with other specialist fields, e.g.tourism, media studies, computer science,languages, etc. The key auxiliary sciencesfor economics include mathematics, statis-tics and data processing.

The prime neighbouring disciplines arelaw, political science, sociology, and thesocial sciences and humanities.

4.3 Economic Sciences


Anhalt HS (Bernburg) • Aschaffenburg FH • Augsburg U • Berlin FHTW • Berlin FHVR • Berlin

FHW • Bielefeld FH • Braunschweig / Wolfenbüttel FH (Wolfenbüttel) • Bremen HS • Darmstadt

HS (Dieburg) • Dresden TU • Erlangen-Nürnberg U • Essen FOM (Berlin, Dortmund, Duisburg,Düsseldorf, Essen, Frankfurt am Main, Hamburg, Köln, München, Neuss, Nürnberg, Siegen,

Stuttgart) • Frankfurt am Main FH • Fulda HS • Gelsenkirchen FH (Recklinghausen) •

Greifswald U • Hagen FernU • Halle-Wittenberg U • Hamburg Euro-FH • Hamburg HFH •

Hamburg U • Heidelberg HS • Hof FH • Idstein EFF • Kassel U • Köln EFF • Köln FH • Köln

RheinFH • Lüneburg U • Mainz FH • Mannheim U • Münster U • Niederrhein HS

(Mönchengladbach) • Nordhessen FH (Bad Sooden-Allendorf) • Nürtingen HfWU (Geislingen,

Nürtingen) • Oestrich-Winkel EBS (Oestrich-Winkel, Wiesbaden) • Oldenburg U • Osnabrück FH •

Osnabrück U • Pforzheim HS • Potsdam U • Rostock U • Saarbrücken U • Schmalkalden FH •

Siegen U • Südwestfalen FH (Hagen) • Trier FH (Birkenfeld) • Westküste FHW (Heide) •

Wiesbaden FH • Wildau TFH • Wismar HS





Business administration

Business administration is concerned withthe analysis, structure, and managementof a company as well as with its economicdevelopment. Mathematical methodsrecord business indicators (raw materials,operating funds, work processes, salesdata etc.) and carry out economic efficien-cy calculations and assessments to allowrational and efficient corporate manage-ment concepts to be drawn up.

Business administration is divided intothe fields of marketing, human resources,operational research, banking, controlling,taxation, production, materials manage-ment/logistics, and corporate manage-ment.

Business administration studies qualify

graduates for positions in business and sofocus strongly on commercial and busi-ness practice. Hence, holders of a com-mercial or business orientated vocationalqualification enjoy advantages both intheir studies and later in professional life.

Economics

Economics deals with the analysis andstructure of the market in a specific soci-ety as well as with the relevant legislativeframeworks. It considers questions of economic activities in private householdsand companies and their dependency onnational and international frameworks,plus the pricing and distribution of labour,land and capital. It describes and analysesthe function of money, economic cycles,employment, economic cycle policy andgrowth policy plus foreign trade. Math-

ematics and, in particular, statistics play avery important role in this respect as auxil-iary sciences.

Economic science

Economic science is often offered as aself-contained degree programme thatattempts to lay a greater emphasis onthe (methodological) similarity betweenbusiness administration and politicaleconomy. For example, corporate action

calls for both business administrationskills and the ability to recognise interre-lationships and contexts within the scopeof political economy. The main study stagein economics, however, allows students tochoose between extension and consolida-tion studies in either business administra-tion or economics.

Business education

Business education programmes covereconomics and business administrationas well as educational and psychologicalcontents. Business education above all pre-pares students for positions in which com-mercial and economic contents are taught(e.g. for teachers at commercial colleges or

vocational schools) and so is to be seen asa teaching degree programme.






Practical training/experience: No pre-study internship prescribed, but generallyrecommended (in business administra-tion).

Basic study stage: Majors for all econom-ics programmes: Business administration,economics, statistics, law, preparatorysubjects: Company accounting, mathemat-ics, introduction to data processing and

programming. Complementary subjectsinclude administrative sciences, social andlabour (industrial) law, sociology, politicalscience. The pre-Diplom examination cov-ers business administration, economics,private and public law, plus statistics. Thisapplies to all economics programmes. Inthe field of business education, the basicstudy stage also covers education science

and educational psychology.


Main study stage: Two business admin-istration fields (one general, one con-solidation field), subjects like corporatemanagement, company accounting,corporate planning, production and mate-

rials management, controlling, banking,taxation, marketing, sales management,human resources management, opera-tional research, etc., plus industry-relatedbusiness administration. Students studyindividual economics subjects plus twoelectives.

Economics

Main study stage: Core subjects of (gen-eral) economics (e.g. economic cycles and

employment, market and competition,growth and structure of an economy,international economic relations, labourmarket and income distribution) and

business administration (see above), oneoptional subject from the field of specialeconomic science (e.g. applied economicresearch, public finance and economics,international economic relations, socialpolicy, structural policy, economic policy),two more optional subjects (e.g. auto-motive industry, corporate tax theory and

auditing, office and administrative auto-mation, European management, financialmanagement, industrial application sys-tems, logistics and logistical informationsystems, ergonomics, demographics,urban studies and social planning, admin-istrative sciences, business and organisa-tional psychology).

Economic science

Main study stage: Extension and con-solidation studies in economics, busi-ness administration plus three optionalsubjects, two of which may be chosenfrom economics (e.g. empirical economicresearch/econometrics, resources andenvironmental economics, microeconom-

ics and mesoeconomics, macroeconomics,public finance, regional economics, etc.)and up to two subjects from businessadministration (e.g. sales and purchas-ing marketing, production management,financial management and bank manage-ment, human resources management,accounting and auditing, corporate envi-ronmental policy). One subject may bechosen from the other optional subjects.






Sciences

Practical training/experience: Require-ments regarding pre-study internshipsdiffer from one federal state and onehigher education institution to the next;some require no pre-study internships,(e.g. Baden-Württemberg), although stu-dents are generally required to completebetween 6 weeks to 6 months of practicaltraining. The following essentially applies:Holders of a recognised vocational qualifi-cation in commerce and management or

who have attended two years of vocationalcollege in the appropriate subject are not

required to complete a pre-study intern-ship.


Basic study stage: Introduction to busi-ness administration, general businessadministration, procurement and purchas-ing policy, human resources management,principles of finance, accounting, market-ing, principles of corporate accounting,organisational theory, applied computing,

Business education

Main study stage: Extension and con-solidation studies in education science,business administration, economics, plusan optional from business administration,

economics, sociology, public law, civil law,commercial law, employment and indus-trial law, tax law or statistics or anothersubject (e.g. languages) as a double option-al subject.


Aachen TH • Alanus HS (Alfter) • Augsburg U • Bamberg U • Bayreuth U • Berlin ESCP-EAP •

Berlin FU • Berlin HU • Berlin SHB • Berlin TU • Bielefeld U • Bochum U • Bonn U •

Bremen U • Bruchsal IU • Chemnitz TU • Clausthal TU • Cottbus TU • Darmstadt TU •

Dortmund TU • Dresden TU • Duisburg-Essen U • Düsseldorf U • Eichstätt-Ingolstadt U

(Ingolstadt) • Erfurt U • Erlangen-Nürnberg U • Flensburg U • Frankfurt (Oder) U • Frankfurt

am Main U • Frankfurt School of Finance & Management • Freiberg TUBergAk • Freiburg U •

Friedrichshafen ZU • Gießen U • Göttingen U • Greifswald U • Hagen FernU • Halle-

Wittenberg U • Hamburg U • Hamburg UBw • Hannover U • Heidelberg U • Hildesheim U •

Hohenheim U (Hohenheim, Stuttgart) • Ilmenau TU • Jena U • Kaiserslautern TU • Karlsruhe U •

Kassel U • Kiel U • Koblenz-Landau U • Köln DSHS • Köln U • Konstanz U • Lahr WHL •

Leipzig HandelsH • Leipzig U • Lüneburg U • Magdeburg U • Mainz U • Mannheim Pop-

Akad.BW • Mannheim U • Marburg U • München TU (Freising, München) • München U •

München UBw (Neubiberg) • Münster U • Oestrich-Winkel EBS (Oestrich-Winkel, Wiesbaden) •

Oldenburg U • Osnabrück U • Paderborn U • Passau U • Potsdam U • Regensburg U •Rostock PHU • Rostock U • Saarbrücken U • Siegen U • Stuttgart U • Trier U • Tübingen U •

Ulm U • Vallendar WHU (Vallendar) • Witten/Herdecke U (Witten) • Wuppertal U • Würzburg U •

Zittau IHI





logic of data processing, principles andapplications of automated data processing,mathematics and statistics, economics,law, foreign languages (especially business

English, Spanish, French); principles of technology and engineering, principles of bookkeeping.

Main study stage: General businessadministration, general economics, a spe-cial business administration field, plus twooptional subjects, e.g. sales management,

production management, financial man-agement, accounting and taxation (annualaccounts, cost and performance calcula-tion (double entry accounting), tax theory),operational research, instruments of corporate management (human resourcesmanagement, labour, employment andindustrial law, planning and decision-making techniques, controlling).

Economics

Basic study stage: Modules include theprinciples of economics, such as microeco-nomics and macroeconomics, market and

competition, empirical economic research,including statistical methods. Businessadministration modules give an introduc-tion to the subject and cover added value

and financing processes, customer andsupplier processes, economic and busi-ness processes, including business andpolitics. Plus mathematics, bookkeepingand key qualifications (intercultural com-munication, self-management and projectmanagement).

Main study stage: Practical extension andconsolidation in the above subjects plusreal project work, complemented by topicslike global economy, financial markets,empirical analyses, application training/business start-ups. Profile creation byspecialising in fields like internationaleconomic and trade relations, Europeanintegration and regional economics or

macrologistics (transport economics).

The division into a basic and a main studystage is not found at all universities of applied sciences.






Aachen FH • Aalen HS • Albstadt-Sigmaringen HS • Amberg-Weiden FH (Weiden) • Anhalt HS

(Bernburg) • Ansbach FH • Aschaffenburg FH • Augsburg FH • Bad Homburg HS (Bad

Homburg) • Bad Honnef FH • Bergisch Gladbach FHDW • Berlin bbw • Berlin BEST-Sabel-FH •Berlin FHTW • Berlin FHVR • Berlin FHW • Berlin H:G • Berlin IBS • Berlin ifh • Berlin SRH •

Berlin TC • Berlin TFH • Biberach HS • Bielefeld FH • Bielefeld FHDW • Bielefeld FHM •

Bochum HS • Bonn HSF • Bonn-Rhein-Sieg FH (Hennef, Rheinbach, Sankt Augustin) •

Brandenburg FH • Braunschweig / Wolfenbüttel FH (Salzgitter, Wolfenbüttel, Wolfsburg) •

Bremen APOLLON HS • Bremen HS • Bremerhaven H • Brühl EUFH (Brühl) • Calw HS •

Coburg HS • Darmstadt HS (Darmstadt, Dieburg) • Deggendorf FH • Dortmund FH • Dortmund

ISM (Dortmund, Frankfurt am Main) • Dresden FHDW • Dresden HTW • Düsseldorf FH •

Eberswalde FH • Erding FHAM • Erfurt Adam Ries FH • Erfurt FH • Essen FOM • Esslingen HS •

Flensburg FH • Frankfurt am Main FH • Freiburg KathFHS • Fulda HS • Furtwangen HS

(Furtwangen, Villingen-Schwenningen) • Gelsenkirchen FH (Bocholt, Gelsenkirchen) • Gießen-

Friedberg FH (Gießen, Wetzlar) • Göttingen FH priv. • Güstrow BC (Güstrow, Schwerin) •

Gütersloh FHDW • Hamburg Euro-FH • Hamburg HFH • Hamburg HAW • Hamburg HSBA •

Hannover FH • Hannover FHDW (Celle, Hannover) • Harz HS (Halberstadt, Wernigerode) •

Heidelberg HS • Heilbronn HHN (Heilbronn, Künzelsau) • Hildesheim/Holzminden/Göttingen

HAWK (Göttingen) • Hochschule21 (Buxtehude) • Hof FH • Idstein EFF • Ingolstadt FH •

Iserlohn BiTS • Jena FH • Kaiserslautern FH (Zweibrücken) • Karlsruhe HS • Karlsruhe

Merkur int. FH • Kempten FH • Kiel FH • Koblenz FH (Koblenz, Remagen) • Köln EFF • Köln FH •

Köln RheinFH • Konstanz HS • Landshut FH • Lausitz FH (Senftenberg) • Leipzig AKAD •

Leipzig HTWK • Lippe und Höxter FH (Lemgo) • Lübeck FH • Ludwigshafen FH • Magdeburg-Stendal FH (Stendal) • Mainz FH • Merseburg FH • Mittweida HS • München HS • München

MBS • Münster FH • Neu-Ulm FH • Niederrhein HS (Krefeld, Mönchengladbach) •

Nordakademie FH (Elmshorn) • Nordhausen FH • Nordhessen FH (Bad Sooden-Allendorf) •

Nürnberg HS • Nürtingen HfWU (Geislingen, Nürtingen) • Offenburg HS (Gengenbach, Offenburg) •

Oldenburg / Ostfriesland / Wilhelmshaven FH (Emden, Wilhelmshaven) • Osnabrück FH •

Paderborn FHDW • Pforzheim HS • Pinneberg AKAD FH • Provadis HS (Frankfurt am Main) •

Ravensburg-Weingarten HS (Weingarten) • Regensburg FH • Reutlingen HS • Riedlingen FernFH •

Rosenheim FH • Saarland HTW • Schmalkalden FH • Stralsund FH • Stuttgart AKAD •

Stuttgart HdM • Stuttgart HFT • Südwestfalen FH (Hagen, Meschede) • Trier FH (Birkenfeld,

Trier) • Vechta/Diepholz FHWT (Vechta) • Wedel FH • Westküste FHW (Heide) • Wiesbaden FH •

Wildau TFH • Wismar HS • Worms FH • Würzb.-Schweinf.-FH (Würzburg) • Zittau/Görlitz HS •

Zwickau HS





Study Field Outline

Law is the scientific study of the applica-ble law (de lege lata), its systematic andterminological comprehension and inter-pretation as well as the study of its historyand its relationship with other fields, suchas politics, social structure, business andindustry. Lawyers (barristers/solicitors/

attorneys) act in the often quite abstract-formal thought patterns of the normativelegal code as well as in the constantlychanging facts and reality of everyday life;they must take both aspects into account.

Based on the Federal Act to Reform theStudy of Law of 11 July 2002 and thecorresponding state acts, the training

and examination curricula as well asthe examinations regulations were thor-oughly modernised. While maintainingthe two-stage legal training structure andthe uniformity of professional qualifica-tion for all lawyers, the reforms aimed toimprove the preparation of young lawyersfor the changing professional require-ments and, in particular, for the practice

of law.

To formally qualify as a judge or as public

prosecutor, candidates must still graduatesuccessfully with the second state exami-nation after two years of preparatory, pro-fessional training. This is also the prereq-uisite for practising law and working as anotary public, and for judicial applicantsseeking higher administrative positionsin the civil service (with the exception of

the Federal Foreign Office). This quali-fication is also generally held by lawyerswishing to work in business and industry.Some institutions, however, also have lawprogrammes that end with a Bachelor‘sdegree. However, this degree neitherqualifies the holder for admission to theprofessional practical training phase norqualifies for the office of judge.

In accordance with Article 5a of the Ger-man Law on the Judiciary (DeutschesRichtergesetz), studies last 4 years; thismay be reduced, if the applicant can provethat the academic achievements requiredfor admission to the university examina-tion in the major subject and to the stateexamination in the required subject have

been met.


Studies: The study of law is divided into

two sections. The first section involves a

law programme and is studied at a uni-

versity. The basic studies last three to four

semesters and end with an intermediate

examination. Students then graduate from

the main stage with a first Staatsexamen

(state examination) that encompasses a uni-

versity examination in the core study area

and a state examination in the compulsory

subject. After completing this stage, stu-

dents engage in a two-year phase of profes-

sional practical training that ends with the

second Staatsexamen for full qualification.

4.4 Law





Study Field Outline

Logistics means much more than merelytransporting, shipping, handling or stor-ing goods. Today, company logistics coverholistic planning, regulation, coordina-

tion, realisation and control of all internaland overarching goods and informationflows. Within a manifold structured andever more internationally organised addedvalue process in production and services,logistics take on a kind of coordinat-

Studies cover compulsory subjects in thecore areas of civil law, criminal law, publiclaw and procedural law, including aspectsof European law, legal methodology and

the philosophical, historical and socialprinciples. Students can also specialisethrough optional modules that serve tocomplement the studies and consolidatethe obligatory fields as well as deliveringthe interdisciplinary and internationalframes of reference of law. Examplesmay include international, European

and foreign private and procedural law,employment and insurance law, law of the information society, corporate law,German and international criminal jus-tice and criminology. The curriculumtakes into account the practice of judicial,administrative and legal counselling,including the required key qualifications,such as negotiation management, lead

negotiation skills, rhetoric, dispute arbitra-tion and communication skills. Languagecourses for lawyers or courses taught inother languages enable students to acquiresubject-specific foreign language skills.Pre-sessional, practical study sections (of at least three months) aim to provide earlyinsight into the legal profession. Thesecan be completed at home or abroad.

The Bachelor‘s programme not only deliv-ers legal content, but also has so-called“general studies” modules, such as foreignlanguages, communication and team skills

plus economics and business adminis-tration. Internships at home and abroadprovide students with an impression of the application of the law in practice andround the Bachelor‘s programme off.Some universities offer Master‘s pro-grammes for foreign students.


Augsburg U • Bayreuth U • Berlin FHVR •

Berlin FU • Berlin HU • Bielefeld U •

Bochum U • Bonn U • Bremen U •

Dresden TU • Düsseldorf U • Erfurt U •

Erlangen-Nürnberg U (Erlangen) • Frankfurt

(Oder) U • Frankfurt am Main U •



Hamburg BLS • Hamburg U • Hannover U •

Heidelberg U • Jena U • Kiel U • Köln U •

Konstanz U • Leipzig U • Mainz U •

Mannheim U • Marburg U • München U •

Münster U • Oldenburg U • Osnabrück U •

Passau U • Potsdam U • Regensburg U •

Rostock PHU • Rostock U • Saarbrücken U •


4.5 Transportation and Logistics







Practical training/experience: Dependingon the school/vocational qualifications,a pre-study internship of several weeks

is recommended or required. Studentscomplete study-integrated industrialinternships/practical semesters during thestudies.

Studies: The modular curriculum cov-ers technical and economic aspects thatmay be weighted differently from oneinstitution to the next. Studies include themathematical, scientific and engineeringprinciples and methods, business manage-ment, production logistics (material flow

planning, production planning and man-agement), information technology, distri-bution management, transport and traffic,logistic management (corporate planning,logistic controlling), international logistics,supply chain management, law. In addi-

tion, students complete industrial place-ments and internships, go on excursionsand produce project assignments (includ-ing abroad) as well as acquiring soft skills:team and staff leadership skills, foreignlanguages, knowledge management andpresentation techniques.

ing role, ensuring that the networkingbetween companies works as plannedand that everything proceeds smoothlywithout any standstills. Logistics not only

combine individual, company functions toproduce process chains, but also integrateprocesses from raw material procurementthrough to the sale to end users acrosscompanies and enterprises, forming addedvalue chains (supply chain management)or taking these to create global networks.Purchasing, production, distribution and

transport logistics as well as knowledgemanagement are important subfields thatflow into all process chains and cycles.Waste disposal and recycling also play arole. In short, logistics are responsible forensuring the availability of the right goodsin the right volumes in the right state atthe right place at the right time for theright customers at the right price.

Given this background, the transformationof logistics into a horizontal and cross-sectional discipline of corporate strategicsignificance and the associated logistic

requirement profiles have seen increas-ingly independent logistics degree pro-grammes being established at universitiesand universities of applied sciences overrecent years. They offer an interdiscipli-nary, practice-orientated training for thecross-sectional role that logistics performin many companies. In most cases, con-

solidation in economic or (information)technology fields is possible. Given theappropriate core study areas and speciali-sations, degree programmes like busi-ness management, engineering subjects,computer science/business informationsystems or industrial engineering deliverqualifications for work in this field.






Bad Honnef FH • Berlin FHW • Braunschweig / Wolfenbüttel FH (Salzgitter) • Bremen HS •

Bremen Jacobs University • Bremerhaven H • Brühl EUFH (Brühl) • Darmstadt TU •

Dortmund TU • Dresden TU • Duisburg-Essen U (Duisburg) • Erfurt FH • Frankfurt am Main FH •Gelsenkirchen FH (Recklinghausen) • Gießen-Friedberg FH (Friedberg) • Hamburg HAW •

Hamburg HSBA • Hamburg UBw • Hamm FH • Heilbronn HHN • Hof FH • Kaiserslautern FH

(Pirmasens) • Koblenz FH (Remagen) • Köln FH • Lippe und Höxter FH (Lemgo) •

Ludwigshafen FH • Magdeburg U • München HS • Münster FH • Neu-Ulm FH • Oldenburg /

Ostfriesland / Wilhelmshaven FH (Elsfleth) • Pforzheim HS • Reutlingen HS • Saarland HTW •

Trier FH (Birkenfeld) • Ulm HS • Wildau TFH







Studies: Basic science modules includeorganic, inorganic, analytical and physicalchemistry, biochemistry, mathematics andphysics for natural scientists, biochem-istry and physiology of plants (flora) andanimals (fauna), microbiology, generalgenetics, fundamentals of biological

information systems, molecular biologyand technology of microorganisms, devel-opmental biology. Consolidation studieswith an introduction to biophysical chem-istry, genetics/genetic engineering and tobiochemical methods, plus various labora-tory and research internships and practi-cal courses. Subsidiary subjects (minors),and optional or specialisation modulesgenerally enable students to create their

Study Field Outline

Biochemistry (also biological chemistry orphysiological chemistry) studies the lifeforms of organisms at molecular level withchemical and physicochemical methods. Itexamines the molecular structure and thechemical and physicochemical processestaking place both in plant and animal cells

as well as in bacterial cells, and analyseshow these are controlled and organised.This primarily means metabolism – thebreakdown and conversion of nutrients toproduce chemical energy and build up thecell‘s own substances.

On the one hand, molecular biotechnol-ogy aims to explain and understand the

molecular interactions and contexts of biological processes and, on the other, touse the acquired knowledge and insightsin practice and applications. This involvesdeveloping new processes to extract orproduce active agents, to develop new ana-lytical and diagnostic methods for use inmedicine, the environment and research,

or to develop novel therapies and treat-

ments specifically tailor-made to meetpatient needs and requirements.

Great importance attaches to studies oncatalytic functions, on enzymes (enzymol-ogy), and on molecular messengers, onribo- and deoxyribonucleic acids (molecu-lar genetics, genetic engineering, genetic

surgery). These investigations are of greatsignificance to various fields of biology,chemistry, medicine and physics, andespecially biotechnology.

Biochemistry can be studied in variousways. Some universities offer biochemis-try in independent degree programmes.While at other institutions, biochemistry is

offered as a core study area or major fromthe field of chemistry or biology. Degreeprogrammes in human biology also havea biochemical focus. Biochemistry addi-tionally serves as a basic subject for otherdegree programmes, like pharmacy, foodchemistry or nutritional science.

5.1 Biochemistry




Mathematics, Natural Sciences 129

Study Field Outline

Biology is the science of animate nature(life). It describes and investigates thevarious life forms of living organisms,their life expressions and how they relateto each other. Biology is divided into fourmain branches based on the nature of the organisms: botany (study of the plantkingdom), zoology (study of the animal

kingdom), microbiology (study of micro-organisms) and anthropology (study of thecomparative biology of humans under spa-tial and temporal aspects, and the relation-ship to primates); human biology focusesmore on physicochemical aspects. Besidesthese traditional branches, many subdivi-sions have developed over time whichdeal with the processes and laws commonto all groups of organisms (biosciences/life sciences). These include cytology (cellbiology), which deals with the structure,

characteristics and functions of cells; phys-

iology, which studies the biochemical andbiophysical functions and capacities (e.g.metabolism, intercellular communica-tion); molecular biology, which treats themolecular structure of organic substancesand especially the chemistry and modusoperandi of genetic factors (genes) andproteins.

These fields are closely linked to relateddisciplines like biochemistry, biophysicsand medicine. Other branches includeethology (animal behaviour), evolution(development of species), and ecology(interaction and relationships betweenorganisms and the environment). Thehuman impact on the environment isexamined particularly by geoecology,where the geosciences and chemistry,plus biology, physics and mathematics,play an important role.

own individual profiles. Complementarymodules include technical English, forexample.

Some higher education institutions alsodivide the Bachelor‘s programme into abasic and a main study stage.

5.2 Biology


Bayreuth U • Berlin FU • Berlin HU • Bielefeld U • Bochum U • Bonn U • Bremen Jacobs

University • Bremen U • Bremerhaven H • Dortmund TU • Dresden TU • Düsseldorf U •

Erlangen-Nürnberg U (Erlangen) • Frankfurt am Main U • Freiburg U • Göttingen U •

Greifswald U • Halle-Wittenberg U • Hamburg U • Hannover U • Heidelberg U • Jena U •

Kiel U • Leipzig U • Lübeck U • Mannheim HS • Marburg U • München TU (Freising, Garching) •

München U • Münster U • Nürnberg HS • Regensburg U • Tübingen U • Ulm U • Witten/

Herdecke U (Witten) • Würzburg U





Other biosciences or life sciences havebecome increasingly important, since theirapplications-focused approach to problemsis contributing decisively to structuringour future conditions of life itself. Forexample, biotechnology is concerned withresearching and developing the technolog-ical measures that will make it possible touse living cells and is producing industrialapplications for these. Genetic engineer-ing assists here by means of the controlledand specific modification of genetic mate-

rial (mainly in micro-organisms).

In numerous other degree programmes,too, biology is found as a basic science,e.g. in medicine, pharmacy, agriculturalscience or dietetics (nutrition science).Increasingly, the field of computer scienceand information systems is also address-ing biological problem fields, hence,

several higher education institutions intro-duced degree programmes in biologicalinformation systems (biocomputing orbioinformatics). The biosciences (also life

sciences) are mainly experimental naturalsciences and their mode of thinking andworking has been shaped by the neigh-bouring sciences, namely chemistry, phys-ics and mathematics. In their overlappingareas, subjects like biochemistry, biophys-ics and biomathematics have evolved asindependent scientific fields.



Studies: Basic biological training in mod-ules on topics like cell and molecular biol-ogy, botany and botanic systematology,

zoology, biochemical and biophysical prin-ciples, neurobiology, microbiology, cellbiology, genetics, biodiversity of the ani-mal and plant kingdom, ecology, evolutionand systematology of animals and plants,morphology, developmental biology, phys-iology and biochemistry of plants, behav-ioural biology. Natural sciences trainingin the neighbouring life sciences subjectsof mathematics, physics and chemistry.Depending on the institution in question,opportunities are available for specialising

in fields like molecular biology/cell biol-ogy, biochemistry/biophysics, biologicalinformation systems/biocomputing (bio-informatics), biotechnology, biodiversity/ecology, parasitology/virology, physiology,neurobiology and developmental biology,

environmental sciences.






the methods and techniques of engineer-ing. On the one hand, courses focus ongenetics, molecular biology and microbiol-ogy, and on process engineering, chemical

engineering and environmental engineer-ing, on the other. This calls for studentsto have a broad-based interest in technicaland scientific contexts. They learn how toapply their scientific-theoretical knowledgeto technical contexts or to implement thefindings of pure biotechnological research

on an industrial scale by applying modernprocesses, methods and techniques, there-by developing practical uses for these find-ings and insights. The interdisciplinarity

of these programmes is mirrored by theirinternationality. Some institutions offerbiotechnology degree programmes with aninternational focus or integrated semestersabroad.



Practical experience/internships: Univer-sities require students to complete a basicinternship of varying length, althoughin most cases this does not need to be

completed before they start their studies.Depending on their school/vocationalqualifications, students at universities of applied sciences generally need to com-plete a pre-study internship of severalweeks; practical phases of varying lengthare completed during the studies.

Studies: In the first (undergraduate) study

sections, modules deliver the natural sci-ences, mathematical and subject specificprinciples in mathematics, chemistry(inorganic, organic, physical chemistry),physics, process engineering, microbi-ology, genetics, molecular cell biologyand biotechnology, statistics, biologicalinformation systems (biocomputing/bioinformatics). Students can also acquirecross-disciplinary key qualifications. Asstudies progress, students consolidatetheir knowledge in the relevant principles

and take modules from the fields of tech-nical chemistry (chemical engineering),chemical and biological reactors, instru-ment and plant engineering, immunechemistry, bioprocess engineering/reactorengineering, fermentation and process-ing, enzyme technology, environmental

biochemistry, bioprocess engineering/pharmaceuticals, metabolic physiologyand ecology of micro-organisms, techni-cal biochemistry and microbiology/bio-chemical engineering and microbiology,microbes and molecular genetics, anatomyand physiology, organ diseases and treat-ment/therapy, clinical testing of drugs,cell culture engineering, legal principles of

biotechnology, industrial hygiene, qualityassurance; internships and project work.Optional modules enable students to indi-vidually consolidate or specialise in theirstudies.






of plastics and man-made fibres, mineralfertilisers, or pesticides. Applied chemistryoverlaps and intersects with process engi-neering/chemical engineering in manyareas. Further branches of chemistryinclude, for example, biochemistry thatprovides a bridge from organic chemistryto biology and is being offered in inde-pendent degree programmes at ever moreinstitutions, to geochemistry that concernsitself with the chemistry of the soil, theEarth surface, etc. and thereby has links

with the geosciences/Earth sciences, andagricultural chemistry which has pointsof contact with the agricultural sciences.Pharmaceutical chemistry forms the linkto pharmacy. A new branch is to be seenin ecochemistry, which develops methodsfor detecting and identifying environmen-tal chemicals in ecosystems and providesa basis for evaluating chemical environ-

mental risks. Other subject areas includebuilding chemistry, nuclear chemistry,electrical chemistry, textile or detergentchemistry.

Business chemistry serves as an interfacebetween chemistry and business. Thedegree programme offers a profession-orientated combination of studies in

natural sciences and business adminis-tration. These interdisciplinary degreeprogrammes qualify graduates for a widerange of different career fields in thechemical and pharmaceutical industry aswell as in consultancy companies.

Food chemistry deals with the chemistryof foods and their composition in terms of ingredients, with changes caused by stor-age and processing, and methods of ana-lysing and testing purity and quality and

of detecting and identifying false products(forgeries and fakes); this field also stud-ies numerous additives, tobacco productsand cosmetics. Finally, it also covers con-

sumer articles like food packaging, cloth-ing items, toys, domestic cleaning agents,household deodorants and insecticidesin domestic residences. Food chemistryshould not be confused with food technol-ogy, which involves technical proceduresfor the production and processing of food-stuffs, or with dietetics (nutrition science),

which is devoted to the study of humannutrition from physiological, economicand other perspectives. Independent uni-versity degree programmes in food chem-istry end with a state examination andare governed by the education and exami-nation regulations of the federal states(Länder). Besides these options, foodchemistry may also be studied as a major

within degree programmes in chemistryor pharmacy.

While university studies concentrateprimarily on the scientific principles andmethods of chemistry and their applica-tions in the chemical industry, the moreengineering-focused degree programmesin chemistry offered at universities of

applied sciences aim to provide graduateswith the qualifications needed for work-ing independently in laboratories as wellas in industrial production and operationssectors.






Practical experience/internships: Students of food chemistry not only needto attend special lectures and completespecial internships during their studies,but must also complete 12 months of prac-tical training in a chemistry or food chem-istry testing institute after passing the firststate examination.

Studies: Modules deliver the mathemati-

cal and natural sciences principles of chemistry in subjects like general, organic,inorganic, and physical chemistry, analyti-cal chemistry, biological chemistry, plusmathematics and physics for chemical sci-entists, technical chemistry/engineeringchemistry, biochemistry, macromolecular

chemistry and theoretical chemistry, toxi-cology, spectroscopic methods, safety andsecurity, law. Majors and specialisationsmay be chosen in accordance with the

students‘ special interests, e.g. in theo-retical chemistry, biochemistry, qualityassurance, radiochemistry, environmentalor water chemistry or from the teachingoffered by other departments, such asmaterials research, structural biology, toxi-cology or chemical information. Cross-dis-ciplinary modules cover topics like ethics,

foreign languages, business management,patent law.

The food chemistry degree programmehas a strong analytical orientation and alsoconsiders biological and microbiologicalmethods as well as aspects of food law.

Programmes in this fieldAachen TH • Bayreuth U • Berlin FU • Berlin HU • Berlin TU • Bielefeld U • Bochum U •

Bonn U • Braunschweig TU • Bremen Jacobs University • Bremen U • Chemnitz TU •

Clausthal TU • Darmstadt TU • Dortmund TU • Dresden TU • Duisburg-Essen U • Düsseldorf U •

Erlangen-Nürnberg U (Erlangen) • Flensburg U • Frankfurt am Main U • Freiberg TUBergAk •

Freiburg U • Gießen U • Göttingen U • Halle-Wittenberg U • Hamburg U • Hannover U •

Heidelberg U • Hildesheim U • Hohenheim U (Stuttgart) • Jena U • Kaiserslautern TU •

Karlsruhe U • Kiel U • Koblenz-Landau U • Köln U • Konstanz U • Leipzig U • Lüneburg U •

Mainz U • Marburg U • München TU (Garching) • München U • Münster U • Oldenburg U •

Osnabrück U • Paderborn U • Potsdam U • Regensburg U • Rostock U • Saarbrücken U •Siegen U • Stuttgart U • Tübingen U • Ulm U • Vechta H • Wuppertal U • Würzburg U


Sciences

Practical experience/internships: No pre-study internships usually required. Practi-cal phases of varying length are completedduring the studies.

Studies: Modules in the subjects math-

ematics/applied mathematics and statis-

tics, physics, physical chemistry, general,

analytical, organic and inorganic chem-

istry, technical chemistry/engineering

chemistry, polymer chemistry and bio-

chemistry, synthetics, plastics and man-





Study Field Outline

Computer science is the discipline, tech-nology and application of automated/machine data and information processing,storage and transmission, in particularaided by computers. Computer science isclosely related to mathematics and electri-cal engineering/electronics, but is also to

be regarded as a basic and cross-sectionaldiscipline that concerns itself with techni-cal, organisational and social problems inthe development and application of infor-mation processing systems.

Computer science studies the fundamen-tal procedures of information processingand the general methods of applying suchprocedures to a wide range of differentareas. Through abstraction and model-ling it extends both beyond the field of

concrete technical implementations of information processing systems and alsobeyond the special features of specificapplications to formulate generally appli-cable laws. Building on this, computerscience develops standard solutions forvarious practical uses, such as managinglarge volumes of data and informationand controlling complex production proc-

esses.

Computer science has been offered as anacademic discipline in Germany since theend of the 1960s. In the university sector,degree courses are usually called Infor-matik (computer science / informationsystems), in which the content, especiallyin the early semesters, is taught withoutconsideration of the special orientations.Consolidation in the classical branches

made/artificial/synthetic materials, analy-

sis engineering, fluid mechanics/fluidics,

instrumental analytics, mechanical and

thermal process engineering, process

simulation, plant planning, instrumental

and control engineering. Students can

build their own profiles through numer-

ous elective modules or majors/core

study areas in fields like environmental

chemistry/environmental technology,

plant engineering, chemical/biological

process engineering and processes, food

and consumer protection, nuclear chem-istry. Complementary modules include

technical English, presentation and tech-

nical documentation, business manage-

ment.



Aachen FH (Jülich) • Aalen HS • Berlin TFH •

Bonn-Rhein-Sieg FH (Rheinbach) •

Esslingen HS • Gelsenkirchen FH

(Recklinghausen) • Idstein EFF • Isny NTA •

Lippe und Höxter FH (Detmold, Lemgo) •

Niederrhein HS (Krefeld) • Nürnberg HS •

Reutlingen HS • Zittau/Görlitz HS (Zittau)

5.5 Computer Science





theoretical computer science, practical computer science, technical computer science / technical

information systems, applied computer science / applied

information systems

generally follow in the more advancedstudy stages. Beyond these disciplines,computer science programmes nowadaysalways address the problem fields of arti-ficial intelligence, automated theorem

proving, expert systems, linguistic andvisual communication as well as robotics.Similarly, it has become practically incon-ceivable for a degree programme in com-puting not to offer studies in complemen-tary areas, in minor, core study areas orspecialisation to provide insights into theproblems and requirements of a selectedfield of application.

And so universities also offer specialdegree programmes in which the appliedfocus and computer science are closelycombined in an integrated degree pro-gramme as has become common practiceat the universities of applied sciences withtheir extensive focus on applications andpractice. The degree programmes in

software engineering, technical computer science / technical

information systems, business computing / business infor-

mation systems

are found at both types of higher educa-tion institutions. Besides these fields,other study opportunities are also offeredwith a greater focus on a particular field of application, such as

media information systems, mediacomputing or computer visualisation,

medical information systems, medicalcomputer science,

biological information systems, bio-computing,

geo information systems (GIS), geo-informatics,

computer linguistics, applied systems science, combined with

mathematics plus an applied subject

related, for example, to mathematical

models for the field of environmentalprotection/ecology.

The study of computer science focuses cen-

trally on providing a training that enables

students to develop models for describing

complex systems, to correctly identify the key

factors of influence, to systematically find

algorithmic solutions for detailed problems,

and to produce or create practical, ready-to-useapplied systems. This not only calls for good

analytical skills and a well-founded knowl-

edge of high-performance programming

methods, but also for a broad foundation of

concepts, models and methods from the fields

of mathematics, logic and computer science

theory plus a basic understanding of the logi-

cal and technical structure and architecture

of computers. In general, university studiesconcentrate on finding fundamental solutions

and general methods as well as on developing

new procedures and applications. By contrast,

studies at universities of applied sciences

aim to apply scientifically-proven methods

and general procedures to solving concrete

practical problems and to improving standard

engineering solutions. The extremely high

pace of innovation in IT makes it necessary to

constantly update and adjust the knowledge

and insights and to specialise more.






Sciences

Practical experience/internships: Depend-ing on the school/vocational qualifica-tions, students are generally required tocomplete a pre-study internship of several

weeks. Practical phases of varying lengthare completed during the studies.

Studies: Modules on the mathematical,physical and technical principles: Intro-duction to computer science, theoreticalcomputer science, data processing sys-


Studies: Early semesters focus on modulesin the core areas of computer science andon the mathematical principles, includinganalysis, linear algebra, logic, principle of stochastic and statistical methods, algo-rithms and data structures, programmeand software engineering, technical com-puting/technical information systems,operating systems and networks, databas-es, computer architecture, operating sys-

tems, theoretical computer science/compu-ter science theory. This stage is followed byconsolidation studies and profile-buildingthrough specialisation and the selectionof minors or subsidiaries, such as phys-ics, mathematics, biosciences, medicine,

mechanical engineering, business manage-ment, linguistics, economics and businessadministration, for example with appliedfocuses like software engineering, com-munications technology, image processing,database systems, signal processing, simu-lation, parallel and distributed systems,medical information systems, robotics andprocess information systems, scientificcomputing, etc. The choice of minors andmajors may differ from one institution tothe next. Additional software internships,

project assignments and theses (includingan industrial internship/work placement)plus cross-disciplinary courses like teammanagement, English, presentation tech-niques, starting up and managing softwarecompanies.


Aachen TH • Augsburg U • Bamberg U • Bayreuth U • Berlin FU • Berlin HU • Berlin TU •Bielefeld U • Bochum U • Bonn U • Braunschweig TU • Bremen Jacobs University •

Bremen U • Bruchsal IU • Chemnitz TU • Clausthal TU • Cottbus TU • Darmstadt TU •

Dortmund TU • Dresden TU • Duisburg-Essen U • Düsseldorf U • Erlangen-Nürnberg U

(Erlangen) • Frankfurt am Main U • Freiberg TUBergAk • Freiburg U • Gießen U • Göttingen U •

Greifswald U • Hagen FernU • Halle-Wittenberg U • Hamburg U • Hamburg-Harburg TU •

Hannover U • Heidelberg U • Hildesheim U • Ilmenau TU • Jena U • Kaiserslautern TU •

Karlsruhe U • Kassel U • Kiel U • Koblenz-Landau U (Koblenz) • Köln U • Konstanz U •

Leipzig U • Lübeck U • Lüneburg U • Magdeburg U • Mainz U • Mannheim U • Marburg U •

München TU (Garching) • München U • München UBw (Neubiberg) • Münster U • Oldenburg U •

Osnabrück U • Paderborn U • Passau U • Potsdam U • Rostock U • Saarbrücken U •Siegen U • Stuttgart U • Trier U • Tübingen U • Ulm U • Wuppertal U • Würzburg U






Practical experience/internships: Stu-dents are generally required to completeindustrial internships of several monthsin companies working in the food andconsumer goods industry, consultancyoffices, etc.

Studies: A basic knowledge of natural sci-ences is delivered in modules like appliedmathematics and statistics, physics, gen-eral and inorganic chemistry, organic and

physical chemistry, biochemistry, molecu-

lar biology, microbiology and genetics,physiology. Students subsequently extendand consolidate their knowledge in spe-cialist subjects in modules like inorganicand bioinorganic chemistry, human biol-ogy, food biology, biochemistry of nutri-tion, food toxicology, food chemistry, foodlaw, nutritional physiology, nutritionalmedicine, food quality and quality control,plus modules in product management inthe food industry, the economics of pri-vate households and services companies

Study Field Outline

Domestic science (home economics) stud-ies the technical, business administrativeand social problems that arise in the man-agement of private households and resi-dences or in canteens, student refectories,hospitals, homes, institutions, etc.

Nutritional science/dietetics is concernedwith studying the physiological, economicand technical aspects of healthy, balanced,whole food nutrition as a prerequisitefor health and performance. It is clearlyseparated from food chemistry and foodtechnology.

Nutritional sciences and dietetics pro-

grammes are often offered as joint degreeprogrammes, in most cases under theheading of ecotrophology (a term notgenerally used in English). Studies infood economics/economics of nutrition

focus on aspects of the food industry

and the (retail) food trade (food industry)along with the economic problems facedby institutional and private households.Increasing importance is being placed onaspects of service management and facil-ity management, which are partly offeredas independent degree programmes andpartly as core study areas.

The natural sciences, social sciences,economics and business administrationorientated training is very diverse to takeaccount of the later career options, sincetechnical, organisational and economicquestions need to be addressed and solved,and, at the same time, cultural and socialstandards and habits of the recipients/con-

sumers have to be considered.

5.6 Domestic and Nutritional Science/Dietetics





Study Field Outline

Geography is the science of the study of the Earth’s surface (geosphere). It dealswith the whole systematic interrelation-ship between land, sea and air and the

options open to man for shaping andinfluencing this environment. Attentionfocuses primarily on the spatial aspect of the investigated systems. Depending onthe chosen perspective and description of these activities, points of contact are cre-


Sciences

Practical experience/internships: Depend-ing on the school/vocational qualifications,a pre-study internship of several weeksis often required or recommended in theoccupational field of home economicsand nutrition. Practical phases of varyinglength are completed during the studies.

Studies: Basic modules in the initialsemesters cover food chemistry, foodanalysis, human nutrition, physiology,mathematics and statistics, applied com-puter science, food technology, microbiol-ogy, food toxicology, and from the fieldsof psychology counselling, market andhousehold, project assignment/thesis,

foreign languages. Additional modules forconsolidation include areas like business

and society, specialist information sys-tems, hygiene, sensor engineering, foodscience, food production and evaluation,consumer protection, organisational man-agement plus practical career studies anda project thesis. Students can create theirown profiles by taking optional modules,mostly in fields like food and nutritionalscience, food industry, service and supply,

nutrition and health.

or in the agricultural and food industrymarkets. Students can often create theirown profiles by taking additional optionalmodules.



Albstadt-Sigmaringen HS (Sigmaringen) •

Anhalt HS (Bernburg) • Fulda HS •

Hamburg HAW • Münster FH • Niederrhein

HS (Mönchengladbach) • Osnabrück FH •

Weihenstephan FH (Triesdorf)


Berlin TU • Bonn U • Flensburg U •

Gießen U • Halle-Wittenberg U •

Hannover U • Hohenheim U (Stuttgart) •Jena U • Kiel U • München TU (Freising) •

Münster U • Potsdam U

5.7 Geography






Studies: Introductory modules into thesubject-specific, work methodology andsocial sciences principles of geography.Empirical research, sociology and politicalscience, social, economic and settlementgeography, urban and regional develop-ment, biogeography/soil science (pedolo-gy), geosystem Earth, geology, climatologyand bodies of water, cartography, geo-graphical aerial and satellite image analy-sis, information systems/geo information

systems. Depending on the institution in

question, students can chose from variousconsolidation areas, such as human geog-raphy, physical geography, regional analy-sis. Cross-disciplinary modules on keyskills, such as field courses/excursions,laboratory internships. Depending on theinstitution in question, the programmemay be divided into several study sections.

ated with the natural sciences, the arts andhumanities, and the social sciences.

The traditional major branches of geogra-

phy are the more science-focused fields of physical geography and human geography,which focus more on aspects of the socialsciences and the arts and humanities.Both fields have developed into relativelyindependent branches with differing ques-tions and methods. Branches of physicalgeography include geomorphology (the

study of the Earth’s surface structure), soilscience (pedology), hydrology, climatol-ogy and biogeography (animal and plantgeography / geography of fauna and flora).Human geography and cultural geographyprimarily deal with industrial geography,settlement geography, as well as demo-graphic and social geography. Coursecontents also cover statistics, aerial analysis

and mapping (cartography). Problems of environmental protection and questions of national, regional and urban planning haveopened up new and important responsibili-ties and challenges for geographers.

Regional studies have a stronger philo-logical focus. They combine the studyof languages with the political and eco-nomic/industrial aspects of the respective

regions.

Important auxiliary and complementarysubjects for the study of geography includebasic mathematics and science disciplinesalong with social and economic sciences.The potential breadth of the subject cata-logue makes it important for students

to define their core study areas and spe-cialisations at an early stage. A knowledgeof foreign languages is indispensable,especially since programmes very oftenuse specialist literature written in Englishand French, even in the early stages of thestudies. Laboratory work and computer-aided simulation models have becomeincreasingly important.





Study Field Outline

The term geosciences/earth sciencesrefers to those sciences that treat theEarth as a whole. Geophysics concernsitself with the physics of the Earth and its

magnetic field, as well as with how (outer)space impacts the Earth. The physicalprocesses taking place in the Earth’satmosphere are treated by the field of meteorology, which is also responsible forweather forecasting. Long-term changesto the atmosphere are studied by climatol-ogy.

Oceanography/marine science dealsprimarily with the physics of the oceans,with the main focus directed towardsstudying the interaction between oceanicand atmospheric currents due to theirimportance for the weather and climate.In the field of cartography (sea charts),oceanography has points of contact withgeography.

Geology studies the development andcomposition of the Earth’s crust. It exam-

ines physical and chemical changes on theEarth’s (exogenous) surface and the formsof thermal and mechanical impact withinthe Earth’s (endogenous) surface whichhave resulted in enormous changes in thecourse of the Earth’s history. Fossilised

animals and plants (palaeontology – thestudy of the history of the Earth’s crust)and radiometric time measurements serveas dating tools.

Mineralogy is the materials-based geo-science. It researches the chemical, physi-cal and biogenetic properties of materialsand the role they play in the processes of

the System Earth. Its methods and con-cepts focus equally on researching naturaland synthetic materials and their applica-tion. Focuses include, on the one hand,crystallography, and, on the other, petrol-ogy (rock science), geochemistry and thegeology of mineral deposits; the latter is of particular significance to mining.

In its capacity as an interdisciplinary,applied natural science focused on envi-ronmental problems (especially the effects

5.8 Geosciences/Earth Sciences


Aachen TH • Augsburg U • Bamberg U • Bayreuth U • Berlin FU • Berlin HU • Bochum U •

Bonn U • Bremen U • Dresden TU • Eichstätt-Ingolstadt U (Eichstätt) • Erlangen-Nürnberg U

(Erlangen) • Flensburg U • Frankfurt am Main U • Freiburg U • Gießen U • Göttingen U •Greifswald U • Halle-Wittenberg U • Hamburg U • Hannover U • Heidelberg U •

Hildesheim U • Jena U • Kiel U • Koblenz-Landau U • Köln U • Leipzig U • Mainz U •

Marburg U • München U • Münster U • Osnabrück U • Potsdam U • Trier U • Tübingen U •

Vechta H • Würzburg U







Practical experience/internships: Severalweeks of professional practical work dur-ing the studies or the semester vacation(recess) recommended or in some casesprescribed. Programmes at universities of applied sciences offer natural resourcesand geoengineering depending on the

previous qualifications in a basic and anadvanced internship.

Studies: All the degree programmes in thisfield initially deliver the geosciences, physi-cal, biological, chemical and mathematicalprinciples. In the geosciences programmes,this includes modules like the Earth, min-eralogical and petrological basic knowl-edge, geo information systems, geochemis-

of foreign contaminants), geoecologydeals with energy and material cyclesbetween the Earth’s atmosphere, the soil(pedosphere), the geological subterranean

sphere (lithosphere), the hydrosphere andthe biosphere.

The geosciences-focused field of hydrol-ogy studies hydrological processes andsystems on a natural sciences basis. Italso takes into account aspects of modernenvironmental science and develops eco-

logically-orientated and interdisciplinaryapproaches. The training is based on anindependent full Diplom degree course inhydrology. Mathematics, physics, biologyand chemistry are the key auxiliary sci-ences for the geosciences/earth sciences.

Applied Geology deals with the interactionbetween geology and man (humankind).

It studies close-to-surface soil and rocklayers from applied, practical perspectives,including, not least, the production of riskanalyses. It also studies the developmentpotential (zoning/development) of landareas or the use of soil and rock. Studiesfocus on the mechanical properties, fol-lowed by chemical aspects, and how, in

respect of concrete questions, these arespatially distributed in limited areas.

Geotechnics deals with soils and rocks

for civil engineering purposes. As a linkbetween applied geology and civil engi-neering, the field serves to implement geo-scientific knowledge in earth and founda-tion engineering, in rock engineering andin underground and special undergroundcivil engineering (galleries, tunnelling andcaverns).

Geo information systems represent anovel, interdisciplinary research area thatserves as a bridge between computer sci-ence and the geosciences (Earth sciences).This area deals with the developmentand application of methods to producecomputer-aided solutions to specificproblems in research, industry, politics

and administration in which the spatialreference of information is important. Theacquired findings are used in geo informa-tion systems (GIS), for example SatNavs,and so facilitate the optimal exploitation of spatial/locational data, e.g. in environmen-tal protection, traffic management or civilengineering.





try, sedimentology, tectonics, palaeontologyand earth history, hydrogeology, geophys-ics. As studies progress and depending onthe programme in question, students can

set various focuses and specialisations.

In geosciences programmes, forexample, this includes modules likeastrophysics, geochemistry, geo infor-mation systems, geology, geophysics,hydrogeology/environmental geology,engineering geology/geoengineering,

mineralogy, petrology/mineral depositsresearch, palaeontology.

In geoecology programmes, the focus ison landscape ecology, soil science(pedology), hydrology, mineralogy/geochemistry, bio information systems/geo information systems.

In geoengineering and applied geologyprogrammes, students consolidate theirknowledge in applications-orientatedfields plus branches of geoengineeringlike sampling, methods of calculation,soil and rock mechanics, drillingengineering, special undergroundmining, civil engineering (galleries,tunnelling and caverns).

In meteorology programmes, thetraining includes modules in theoreti-cal, experimental and applied meteorol-ogy, including climatology, with experi-mental and numerical internships plusa cross-disciplinary elective subject.

Excursions (often including abroad), map-ping internships and field exercises repre-sent an important part of the programmeand complement the lectures and practicalcourses. Modules in general and subject-

specific key qualifications round off thetraining.


Aachen TH • Bayreuth U • Berlin FU •

Berlin TU • Bochum TFH • Bochum U •

Bonn U • Braunschweig TU • Bremen

Jacobs University • Bremen U •

Clausthal TU • Darmstadt TU • Dresden TU •

Erlangen-Nürnberg U (Erlangen) • Frankfurt

am Main U • Freiberg TUBergAk •

Freiburg U • Göttingen U • Greifswald U •

Halle-Wittenberg U • Hamburg U •

Hannover U • Heidelberg U • Jena U •

Karlsruhe U • Kiel U • Köln U • Leipzig U •

Mainz U • München TU • München U •

Münster U • Potsdam U • Trier U •

Tübingen U

5.9 Mathematics

Study Field Outline

Mathematics is divided into the two majorbranches of pure and applied mathemat-ics. The main areas of pure mathematics

are algebra, analysis, geometry, topologyand numbers theory, while applied math-ematics focuses on numerical analysis,optimisation and stochastic theory andprocesses.





Study Field Outline

Physics is a fundamental science whichhas perhaps had a greater impact on thetechnology, business and industry of ourworld than any other science. And our

concepts of the world in general are alsolargely based on research findings pro-duced by physics. Precise measurementsof natural phenomena, whether observeddirectly or in experimental surroundings,enable us to reduce natural phenomenadown to numerical relationships (experi-mental physics) and mathematically for-mulated laws (theoretical physics). Thishas led to a progressive accumulationof knowledge and – by means of techni-cal application – to the utilisation and

exploitation of nature (applied physics).Recent examples of the implementation of physical research in technical applicationsinclude semiconductor engineering, opto-electronics, nanoengineering and laserphysics. Due to the highly mathematical

nature of theoretical physics, the field of mathematics is the foremost auxiliary sci-ence for physicists and makes very heavydemands on undergraduates in particular.Recent years have seen new interdiscipli-nary degree programmes with substantialproportions of physics established to allowstudents to specialise.

Astrophysics, which involves the physicalexamination of celestial bodies (planetarysystem, the Sun, fixed stars, interstellar

Students also learn work techniques aswell as aspects from the field of compu-ter science/programming/mathematicalsoftware. In the advanced study stages,

students consolidate their knowledge insubjects like numerical mathematics,differential calculus, database systems.Depending on the institution in question,students can set core study areas by choos-ing applied modules in business math-ematics (finance and insurance/actuarialmathematics, operational research), indus-

trial mathematics/technical mathemat-ics and corresponding practical projects.Modules also deliver interdisciplinary keyqualifications in the fields of businessadministration, law, foreign languages,presentation techniques.

5.10 Physics, Physical Engineering, Astronomy


Aachen FH (Aachen, Jülich) • Berlin FHTW •

Berlin TFH • Bielefeld FH • Darmstadt HS •

Flensburg FH • Gießen-Friedberg FH(Friedberg) • Koblenz FH (Remagen) •

Leipzig HTWK • Mittweida HS •

München HS • Regensburg FH •

Stuttgart HFT • Zittau/Görlitz HS (Zittau)






Practical experience/internships: Recom-mended before the commencement of studies.

Studies: Basic training in experimentaland theoretical physics, mathematics andother physical and non-physical fields.Plus institution-specific consolidationareas and the familiarisation with experi-mental and theoretical working methods(e.g. use and handling of physics-basedequipment, use of computer measure-

ment and evaluation procedures). Modulesoffered include mathematics for physi-

cists, scientific computing, experimentalphysics, chemistry, theoretical physics,technical physics, engineering. Optionalsubjects often include a non-physicscomplementary subject. Project studies,experimental exercises and professionalinternships. Cross-disciplinary modulesteach key qualifications, business adminis-tration and law.

matter) and space (galaxies, (outer) spaceand the universe as a whole, cosmology),is the main focus of attention in astron-omy. And so the training of astronomers

involves the study of physics in the courseof which astronomical and astrophysicalaspects play an increasingly importantrole. Physical methods are also importantfor other fields, such as in geophysics ormetals science. The interdisciplinary studyof biophysics deals with the applicationof physical and physicochemical methods

for researching elementary and complexlife processes. It combines a well-foundedbasic biological-chemical training witha comprehensive physical-mathematicaltraining, including the principles of com-puter science. Building physics deals withthe physical problems faced in buildingand construction (civil engineering), suchas effective noise and thermal insulation.

The study of physics aims to enable futurephysicists to conduct pure research acrossa broad range of fields and to develop

their findings in the R&D departmentsof business and industry to produce newor improved applications in many differ-ent fields. These programmes also aim to

qualify future physics teachers with theskills and ability to teach a knowledge of and the methods of physics; a good knowl-edge of the history of physics and naturalsciences in general are important prereq-uisites.

Engineering physics programmes are

mainly offered by the universities of applied sciences, and, in some cases, indi-vidually as technical physics at universi-ties. Programmes like these serve to trainengineers and so enable them to applytheir knowledge of physics in technicalapplications and engineering. Besideslaser engineering, technical optics as wellas solid state physics, solar engineering,

cryoengineering and plasma technologyand analytical microscopy play an impor-tant role.






Sciences

Practical experience/internships: Depend-ing on the school/vocational qualifications,a pre-study internship of several weeks

in a relevant area is sometimes required.Practical phases of varying length are com-pleted during the studies.

Studies: Programmes begin withcourse modules that deliver the generalmathematical-physical and engineeringprinciples, whereby the physics part, e.g.mechanics, optics and electrical engineer-

ing, is high. The subject-specific principlesare provided in modules on materialsscience, fluid dynamics and thermody-namics, solid state physics, electronics,automation engineering, technical optics,computer science and technical designtheory. Subject-specific consolidation isfacilitated by applied modules in fields likevacuum and cryoengineering, technicaloptics, laser technologies, spectroscopy.Exercises in the physics labs and intern-

ships plus cross-disciplinary modules onkey qualifications round off the curricu-lum.


Aachen FH (Jülich) • Aalen HS •

Berlin TFH • Brandenburg FH • Bremen HS •

Coburg HS • Gelsenkirchen FH

(Gelsenkirchen) • Gießen-Friedberg FH

(Friedberg) • Hildesheim/Holzminden/

Göttingen HAWK (Göttingen) • Isny NTA •

Jena FH • Koblenz FH (Remagen) •

Lübeck FH • Mittweida HS • München HS •

Münster FH (Steinfurt) • Oldenburg /

Ostfriesland / Wilhelmshaven FH (Emden) •Ravensburg-Weingarten HS (Weingarten) •

Trier FH (Birkenfeld) • Wiesbaden FH

(Rüsselsheim) • Wildau TFH • Zwickau HS


Aachen TH • Augsburg U • Bayreuth U • Berlin FU • Berlin HU • Berlin TU • Bielefeld U •

Bochum U • Bonn U • Braunschweig TU • Bremen Jacobs University • Bremen U •

Chemnitz TU • Clausthal TU • Cottbus TU • Darmstadt TU • Dortmund TU • Dresden TU •Duisburg-Essen U (Duisburg) • Düsseldorf U • Erlangen-Nürnberg U (Erlangen) • Flensburg U •

Frankfurt am Main U • Freiberg TUBergAk • Freiburg U • Gießen U • Göttingen U •

Greifswald U • Halle-Wittenberg U • Hamburg U • Hamburg-Harburg TU • Hannover U •

Heidelberg U • Hildesheim U • Ilmenau TU • Jena U • Kaiserslautern TU • Karlsruhe U •

Kassel U • Kiel U • Koblenz-Landau U • Köln U • Konstanz U • Leipzig U • Lüneburg U •

Magdeburg U • Mainz U • Marburg U • München TU (Garching) • München U • Münster U •

Oldenburg U • Osnabrück U • Paderborn U • Potsdam U • Regensburg U • Rostock U •

Saarbrücken U • Siegen U • Stuttgart U • Tübingen U • Ulm U • Wuppertal U • Würzburg U





Study Field Outline

Process engineering/chemical engineeringpresents an interdisciplinary engineeringscience that has developed at the interfacebetween mechanical engineering, techni-cal/engineering physics, mathematics,physical and technical chemistry.

Process engineering is the technology of the nuclear transmutation of material /material conversion. Physical, and espe-cially, mechanical and thermal, as wellas chemical and biological processes areexamined and modelled. The aim is tooptimise the structuring of procedures andoperations for appropriate plants, facili-ties and installations. This also applies to

the field of thermal and fuel engineeringwhich – with the exception electric heat –ranges from domestic heating through toprocess heating in heavy industry, includ-ing the processing of fuels. Branches of environmental engineering and biotech-nology have recently experienced particu-larly rapid development.

While process engineering has ties withmechanical engineering through itsbranches of plant engineering and plan-ning, chemical engineering (chemicaltechnology) focuses on the chemical,biological and physical processes andmethods of material conversion/nucleartransmutation. Examples include theconversion of sugar into alcohol, ethyleneinto polyethylene or the physical blend-ing or separation of substances. Besidesthe manufacturing of industrial products,

areas like environmental protection, recy-

cling technology and the development of resource-conserving production methodsare typical fields of application for chemi-cal engineering.

Biotechnology uses microbiology, bio-chemistry and engineering to study bio-logical systems, above all microorganisms,

for the purpose of developing engineeringprocedures for the production of cell andtissue cultures (biomass), cell contents(enzymes, etc.), cell products (bakingyeast, alcohol, citric acid, antibiotics, etc.)as well as pollutant degradation measures(sewage treatment plants). Biotechnologyhas made rapid strides forward since themid-1970s, above all as a result of genetic

engineering, and is now seen as the keyfuture technology for agriculture andfarming and the food industry, medicine,pharmacy, the power-generating industry,and environmental protection.

It is not always easy to clearly define anddistinguish process engineering andchemical engineering from the – more

metal processing orientated – field of production, manufacturing or processingtechnology or from industrial engineering.

Most higher education institutions offerstudies in process engineering or chemicalengineering, in some cases, both together.Differentiation then takes place in themain study stage, whereby the consolida-tion options differ greatly.

5.11 Process Engineering/Chemical Engineering






Sciences

Practical experience/internships: Depend-ing on the school/vocational qualifications,a pre-study internship of several weeksis generally required. Practical phases of varying length are completed during thestudies.

Basic study stage: Lectures and exer-cises in general mechanical engineering,mathematics, physics, chemistry, physicalchemistry, materials sciences, electricalengineering, fluid dynamics, thermody-namics, computing.

Main study stage: Instrument and con-trol engineering, electrical engineering,


Practical experience/internships: 26weeks, of which in most cases only a partneeds to be completed before the studiesbegin, with the remainder to be completedbefore the intermediate or final examina-tion.

Basic study stage: Lectures, exercises andpractical courses in mathematics, numeri-

cal calculus, physics, chemistry, physicalchemistry, mechanics, fluid dynamics,thermodynamics, technical principles.

Main study stage: Advanced study withchemistry, heat and material transmission,chemical, thermal and mechanical processengineering, process and plant technol-ogy, mechanical and apparatus technology,

measurement and control engineering,process information systems; specialisa-

tion in one of the areas mentioned at theoutset. The intermediate Diplom exami-nation in related degree programmes –mechanical engineering, chemistry, phys-ics, mathematics, electrical engineering– may be recognised for admission to themain study stage.

University studies prepare students forcareers with the following focuses: basicthermal and mechanical procedures andlaws, such as rectification, evaporation,

refrigeration, extraction, milling, centri-fuging; development of engineering proc-esses for material conversion / nuclear

transmutation; technical design, planningand operation of process engineeringplants, industrial health and safety, andplant safety. Universities of applied sci-

ences programmes focus on teachingtechnical design and production-relatedknowledge and skills.


Aachen TH • Berlin TU •

Braunschweig TU • Clausthal TU •

Cottbus TU • Darmstadt TU • Dortmund TU •

Dresden TU • Erlangen-Nürnberg U

(Erlangen) • Freiberg TUBergAk • Hamburg-

Harburg TU • Kaiserslautern TU •

Karlsruhe U • Magdeburg U • München TU

(Garching) • Münster U • Stuttgart U





Study Field Outline

Statistical methods are indispensablefor many sciences (medicine, biologyand other natural sciences, economics,business administration and engineer-ing, psychology, sociology, archaeology,

education, environmental protection).An important task for statistics lies in theplanning, execution and analysis of majorstudies and experiments. Based on theacquired numerical and measured data itis possible to identify interrelations andcontexts, even when they have been over-laid by uncontrollable interference factors.For example, a new drug is only approvedwhen its efficacy has been objectivelyproven in clinical studies. The legislatorhas prescribed statistical methods for the

planning and analysis of such studies.Possible random influences in this respectmay include faulty measurements or thefact that the subjects (patients) are differ-ent. Despite a drug‘s differing efficacy ineach patient, it is possible to use statisticalmethods to check whether it leads to a pro-

nounced improvement of the clinical pic-ture (pathological condition) of the wholegroup of subjects.

Statistical conclusions are based onoccasionally complex mathematical andcomputational methods, on an exactknowledge of the relevant subject area, of the data acquisition methods as well as of the data on the problem to be examined.This all requires a high degree of cross-disciplinary knowledge, which makes

including electronics, thermal engineer-ing, industrial business administrationand management; focuses in the fieldof thermal process engineering (dry-

ing technology, mineral oil processing,refrigeration technology), and chemical

or mechanical process engineering (sizereduction/crushing technology, separa-tion technology, nebulising technology) inapparatus engineering and plant engineer-

ing, in chemical, plastics and food technol-ogy, and in biotechnology.


Aachen FH (Jülich) • Anhalt HS (Köthen) • Ansbach FH • Berlin TFH • Bingen FH •

Bochum TFH • Bremerhaven H • Darmstadt HS (Darmstadt, Dieburg) • Dresden HTW •

Esslingen HS • Flensburg FH • Frankfurt am Main FH • Hamburg HAW • Hannover FH •

Heilbronn HHN • Kaiserslautern FH (Pirmasens) • Köln FH • Lausitz FH (Senftenberg) •

Lübeck FH • Mannheim HS • Merseburg FH • München HS • Münster FH (Münster, Steinfurt) •

Niederrhein HS (Krefeld) • Nürnberg HS • Offenburg HS • Oldenburg / Ostfriesland /

Wilhelmshaven FH (Emden) • Osnabrück FH • Provadis HS (Frankfurt am Main) •

Reutlingen HS • Trier FH (Birkenfeld) • Wildau TFH • Wismar HS • Zittau/Görlitz HS (Zittau)

5.12 Statistics





statistics fascinating but also very difficultin both practical and theoretical terms.This principle difference to the study of mathematics is reflected particularly in the

major practical projects and internshipsoffered in the advanced study phases.

Statistics can also be studied as a corestudy area or specialisation in some degreeprogrammes, such as in mathematics,

economics and business administration,biology and computer science.

Degree programmes in data analysis and

data management combine a knowledgeof the empirical methods of data acquisi-tion with the practical and computationalmethods of data analysis and data manage-ment.



Studies: Bachelor‘s programmes coverstatistics, mathematics, computer scienceplus one or several fields of application.Modules in statistics deliver an introduc-tion and the relevant principles, linear

methods and models, mathematical statis-tics and probability calculus, core areas of applied statistics (multivariate methods,generalised regression, experiment designand planning, and random sampling theo-ry), practical statistics with project or casestudies. Mathematical modules on analyt-ics, vector and matrix calculus, numericalanalysis and logic; in the field of com-

puter science, modules on data analysis,programming, software development,database and information systems, statis-tics software. Project studies and intern-ships in applied areas, such as insurance

(actuarial) statistics, asset management,social research, biometrics, psychometrics,geosciences and meteorology, technol-ogy and engineering, environmental andagricultural sciences, biostatistics, drugsresearch.


Dortmund TU • Magdeburg-Stendal FH

(Magdeburg) • München U




Medical and Public Health Services 157


Practical experience/internships: Threemonths as a hospital nurse plus first aidtraining to be completed before studiesbegin or in the pre-sessional periods/

recess, by the latest, before registering forthe first part of the medical examinationtaken after four semesters of study (cer-tain types of training may be credited). Afour-month clinical traineeship/medicalclerkship to be completed during the pre-sessional periods/recess between the firstpart of the medical examination and thepractical year. This clinical traineeship/medical clerkship involves prescribed min-imum training periods completed at vari-ous facilities (hospitals, clinics, medical

surgeries, public health service facilities,etc.). Furthermore, practical exercises andblock practical courses lasting betweenone and six weeks in the key medical fieldsmust be completed. Finally, the last yearof medical studies involves 48 weeks of

continuous practical training, the practicalyear, which is completed in a hospital.

Studies: In particular, the new medicalpractice and licence code for physiciansthat came into force in the winter semes-ter 2003/2004:

adapts the curriculum to take accountof new requirements and standards inmedical care. Besides delivering sci-entific principles, studies also address

Study Field Outline

Medicine is the science of the causes,cures, alleviation and prevention of dis-eases. Key medical activities cover therecognition (diagnosis) and treatment(therapy) of human diseases, ailments orphysical disorders, preliminary and follow-up health care, and research.

The study of human medicine is governedby the medical practice and licence codefor physicians. Since the winter semesterof 2003/2004, studies at the medical fac-ulties of Germany‘s universities have beenbased on a reformed medical practice andlicence code for physicians. This revisedcode above all aims to improve the prac-

tical training and to promote the social

skills of doctors. Furthermore, greater con-sideration than in the past is given to theholistic view of the patient’s situation andtakes an interdisciplinary approach to thetreatment process. Prevention and healthpromotion are integrated as are pain thera-py and palliative medicine.

Studies based on a reformed medical cur-riculum have been piloted at the CharitéUniversity Medicine Berlin, the privateUniversity of Witten/Herdecke, the Uni-versities of Aachen, Bochum, Heidelberg,Cologne and the Hannover Medical School(MHH), which partly abolishes the divi-sion between the pre-clinical and clinicalstudy sections.

6.2 Medicine







Practical experience/internships: Toqualify for admission to studies, applicantsare generally required to have completeda course of qualified vocational training in

nursing. During the degree course, practi-cal phases of varying length are completed.

Studies: Depending on the subject focus of the degree programme, students completevariously weighted modules on the follow-ing topics: Nursing science and nursingresearch, action policies and action con-cepts in nursing, medical, scientific andsocial foundations of nursing, epidemiol-ogy, psychology, theory and methods of

nursing science, education science for thehealth professions/nursing education sci-ence, economics of the public health sys-tem, health sciences/public health, healthmanagement, prevention and health pro-motion, counselling and behavioural modi-fication, legal and business administrative

principles, professional ethics in nursing,quality management in the public healthsystem, human resources development,hospital operations theory and procedures,costs and performance reporting, statistics,computing, foreign languages. Internshipsand study projects.

Some higher education institutions havedivided their programmes into a basic anda main study stage / consolidation studies.

Study Field Outline

Degree programmes in nursing andhealth care management, nursing educa-tion, nursing management, public healthand nursing studies aim to address theshortage of qualified executive staff inthe field of general nursing and geriatric

nursing care and, at the same time to cre-ate a scientific basis for the qualificationrequirements of the nursing professions.Degree programmes are offered at univer-sities and universities of applied sciencesand convey knowledge from the fields of medicine, public health, business admin-istration (management), human resourcesmanagement plus nursing in the narrower

sense. Students learn to develop conceptsfor all aspects of nursing care, includingnursing care procedure and documenta-tion management. Studies are either com-pleted in a full or a part-time, job-integrat-ed format; the university sector also offersdistance studies options.

Besides holding a higher educationentrance qualification, the entry require-ments for nursing degree programmesgenerally include proof of having com-pleted relevant vocational training and oneor more years of career experience.

6.3 Nursing and Public Health Studies, Educationand Management in the Public Health System






Pharmacy

Basic study stage (4 semesters): Lec-tures, seminars and practical courses ingeneral, inorganic and organic chemistry,principles of pharmaceutical biology andof human biology, principles of physics,physical chemistry and drug morphol-ogy plus the principles of pharmaceuticalanalysis. During the pre-sessional periods/

recess of the basic study stage, studentsare required to complete eight weeks of clinical practical training under the guid-ance of a dispensing chemist/pharmacist.

Main study stage (4 semesters): Exten-sion and consolidation studies in pharma-ceutical fields, including pharmaceutical/medical chemistry, pharmaceutical biol-

ogy, pharmaceutical engineering/biophar-macy, pharmacology and toxicology as wellas clinical pharmacy.

Pharmaceutical examination: The firstand second examination sections arecompleted in the course of the student’suniversity studies, while the third is takenafter completion of the practical train-

ing. Some universities offer postgraduatecourses in Pharmacy “Diplom-Pharmazie”for students completing the second exami-nation section that leads to the academicdegree of “Diplom-Pharmazeut/in”.

Practical work experience: After gradua-tion, six months is spent working in a pub-lic dispensing pharmacy, in a hospital or adispensing pharmacy of the German fed-eral armed forces (whereby three monthscan also be spent working on a general

hospital or a federal armed forces hospitalward), in the pharmaceutical industry, in auniversity institute or in another suitablescientific or research institute (includingthose belonging to the German federalarmed forces) or in a drugs testing/inspec-tion centre or a comparable institution(including those belonging to the Germanfederal armed forces).

Continuing education and training:

According to the Chamber Laws of the

individual federal states, holders of theLicence to Practise Pharmacy have theopportunity of engaging in continuingtraining in the field of officinal pharmacy,clinical pharmacy, drug information, phar-maceutical technology, toxicology and ecol-ogy, pharmaceutical analysis, theoreticaland practical training, clinical chemistryand public health. The University of Bonn

offers students completing the second sec-tion of the pharmaceutical examination anopportunity to take a postgraduate courseleading to a Master of Drug RegulatoryAffairs degree.


Berlin FU • Bonn U • Braunschweig TU •

Düsseldorf U • Erlangen-Nürnberg U(Erlangen) • Frankfurt am Main U •

Freiburg U • Greifswald U • Halle-

Wittenberg U • Hamburg U • Heidelberg U •

Jena U • Kiel U • Leipzig U • Mainz U •


Regensburg U • Saarbrücken U •

Tübingen U • Würzburg U





offered in some therapy subjects, see publichealth studies and nursing professions.

Music therapy is concerned with listen-ing to selected pieces of music that aresuitable as a basis for diagnosis (passivemusic therapy) and with the active use of musical means of expression (active musictherapy), e.g. the use of percussion or Orff instruments to treat ill or disabled people,e.g. opening up initial communicationpaths for people with autistic disorders. In

this work, areas of music therapy overlapwith some areas of rhythmics and generalmusic education, see music, visual andperforming arts.

Art therapy deals with similar areas byproviding patients with a diverse range of artistic articulation options, e.g. helpingthem to act out problems or processes in

an artistic, “visualisation” and so to createa “visible” basis with which the issue athand can really be addressed.

While psychotherapy is largely concernedwith prevention, counselling and therapyin respect of functional and developmentaldisorders of the locomotor system, thefields of logopaedics, speech therapy, clini-

cal linguistics and patholinguistics areconcerned with hearing, voice and speechdisorders, e.g. language acquisition dif-ficulties in children or for people who havesuffered a stroke.

Ergotherapy applies a very broad spectrumof the methods of occupational and worktherapy to help people with illnesses or dis-abilities activate their (remaining) powersor to support people’s attempts to find theirway back into everyday and working life.

The therapy provided by all these profes-sions respectively work fields is alwaysoffered on the basis of medical prescrip-tions and diagnosis, while specialist (e.g.,

speech therapeutic) diagnosis also repre-sents one of the areas of responsibility. Alltherapy branches offer both individual aswell as group treatment.

The rehabilitation sciences, whose focusmay cover areas such as art or musictherapy, speech therapy education, or early

promotion in cases of disability, are locat-ed at the interface to the health and socialeducation area.

This guide includes undergraduateprogrammes in music, art and speechtherapeutic fields. Applicants need to holdan appropriate school leaving certificate(generally the entry qualification for a

university of applied sciences). Art therapyprogrammes require appropriate proof of artistic talent and aptitude along withthe school leaving certificate, for example,proof of having passed an entrance exami-nation.

Besides these, consolidation and extensioncourses provide the opportunity to gain a

Diplom degree in psychology education,medical education, music education, arteducation or special needs education, or asimilar qualification.

It is possible in speech therapy, ergot-herapy and physiotherapy and other areasto take dual degree programmes, where avocational qualification in a specific pro-fession and an undergraduate programmerun parallel and are coordinated: in somecases, however, an initial qualification







Practical experience/internships: 3 practi-cal internships to be completed duringthe studies (compulsory course elements),lasting between 6 weeks and 3 months(practical semester) and generally continu-

ously integrated into the field of therapeu-tic practice.

Studies: All of the essentially undergradu-ate degree courses in therapy disciplines,including rehabilitation studies, lay thebiomedical, diagnostic and therapeuticfoundations at the start of the studies.These include, for example, modules in

various psychological and medical disci-plines as well as in basic musical or artisticsubjects and their therapeutic applicationin music and art therapy programmes.Psychological, neurological, linguistic andaudiological-phonic studies dominate inthe first few semesters of speech therapyprogrammes. In music therapy, areas suchas self-experience for music therapistsand supervision are also treated, while arttherapy studies include art theory.

As studies progress, the focus is generallyon continuing, consolidating and extend-ing the topic areas from the basic studystage and on delivering practical knowl-edge and insight at an advanced level. Inaddition, students complete modules onEnglish for special purposes, quality assur-ance, and on the social security and public

health system.

in a corresponding medical professionis required when the degree programmebegins. Undergraduate programmes forphysiotherapists and ergotherapists at

higher education institutions have not yetbeen approved under German law.

Diplom speech scientists can gain an addi-tional qualification in the field of ClinicalSpeech Science at Halle.

The range and diversity of courses offeredacross Europe certainly set quite differ-ing focuses. While in the Netherlands,for example, degree courses are offered

in dance therapy and drama therapy, Ger-many offers a fairly broad range of speechtherapy degrees, e.g. patholinguistics,clinical linguistics or (as a rule, and afterappropriate vocational training) speechtherapy/logopaedics.


Aachen TH • Alanus HS (Alfter) • Berlin

ASFH • Berlin IB-HS • Bielefeld U • Coburg

Priv.FH (Berlin, Coburg, Dachau, Reckling-

hausen) • Dortmund TU • Dresden DIU •

Freiburg KathFHS • Friedensau ThH •

Fulda FH • Gera FH • Hamburg HfMT •

Heidelberg HS • Hildesheim/Holzminden/

Göttingen HAWK (Hildesheim) • Idstein EFF

(Idstein, Zwickau) • Karlsruhe PH • Kiel FH •

Lausitz FH (Senftenberg) • Marburg U •

München U • Nordhessen FH (Bad Sooden-

Allendorf) • Nürtingen FHKunst • Oldenburg

/ Ostfriesland / Wilhelmshaven FH (Emden) •

Osnabrück FH • Ottersberg FH •

Potsdam U • Witten/Herdecke U (Witten)






Practical experience/internships: Dur-ing their studies, students must complete70 hours of practical training in farming,animal husbandry and animal breeding,150 hours with a practising vet or in aveterinary clinic, 75 hours in a hygienecontrol and food monitoring capacity,100 hours of practical training in a

slaughterhouse and meat inspectioncentre, 75 hours in the public veterinarysystem, as well as another 700 hours witha practising vet or in a veterinary clinic;part of this can be completed in an elec-tive practical capacity at other facilities,such as scientific institutes, universitiesor zoos.

Pre-clinical studies (4 semesters): Lec-tures and practical courses in physics,chemistry, zoology, botany, anatomy, his-

tology, embryology, physiology, biochem-

istry, animal breeding and genetics.

Clinical studies (6 semesters): Virology,bacteriology and mycology, parasitol-ogy, animal nutrition, animal husbandryand animal hygiene, general pathologyand special pathological anatomy andhistology, internal medicine, surgery andanaesthesiology, radiology, reproduction

medicine, poultry diseases, pharmacologyand toxicology, animal protection, animaldisease control, food science, dairy studies,meat hygiene, drug and anaesthetic law,as well as professional laws and ethics forveterinarians.

The Veterinary Examination is completedin several sections, generally in the pre-sessional periods/recess, whereby theexaminations must be taken close to thetime at which the courses were held.

Study Field Outline

Veterinary medicine concerns itself withdiseases and other ailments affecting ani-mals, on researching these, on diagnosing(recognising), treating and preventingthese afflictions, as well as with protectinghumans from dangers that may be causedby foods of animal origin or by other infec-

tious or communicable diseases whichmay be carried by animals (parasites,rabies, BSE, etc.). Generally, these aredomestic animals and pets, farm animals,and animals living in zoos or in the wild.

The training is uniformly organised

throughout Germany on the basis of theVeterinary Practice and Licence Code. Thescience-based section of the preliminaryveterinary examination is already takenafter 2 semesters, while the anatomical-physiological section is completed after4 semesters.

6.6 Veterinary medicine





Continuing education and training: Fur-ther qualification as a specialist vet for spe-cific areas is possible (courses last between3 and 5 years).


Berlin FU • Gießen U • Hannover TiHo •

Leipzig U • München U





7 Social Sciences





Studies at Universities, Universities

of Education and Universities of

Applied Sciences

Practical experience/internships: Stu-dents are required to spend 2 to 3 monthsin schools and adult education, social edu-cation, in-company training etc. facilitiesduring the pre-sessional periods (recess).

Basic study stage: Lectures, exercises andseminar courses in educational anthropol-ogy and on the individual and social condi-tions of education and socialisation; theory

of education processes and socialisationplus history, institutions and organisa-

tional forms in the education system, anda choice of subjects from psychology andsociology (youth sociology, family sociol-ogy).

Main study stage: Extension and con-solidation courses in educational sciencecovering the general principles of selectedacademic and research methods andrequirements, responsibilities and formsof education and their research. Corestudy areas consider the later target profes-

Study Field Outline

Educational Science addresses all aspectsrelating to the development and guidanceof individuals as independent and respon-sible members of society and the com-munity. On the one hand, this takes intoaccount the educational realities of familyand society, and, on the other, the realities

of school and socio-educational institu-tions. Important neighbouring disciplinesinclude psychology and the social sciences,anthropology and biology. Cultural educa-tion is a more recent, self-contained fieldof study that provides students with broad,yet clearly practice-focused preparationfor careers in cultural fields (education,art, journalism, academia and research,

organisation and administration).

Teachers and educators are primarilyresponsible for preparing and implement-

ing target-group orientated education for

sustainable development programmes(including their organisation and admin-istration), and for advising individualsand groups in a wide range of variouswork fields. Students are recommendedto start gaining career-related additionalqualifications at an early stage, i.e. duringtheir studies. The courses offered by indi-

vidual higher education institutions differgreatly. They range from primary schooldidactics via media and culture educationthrough to adult education and vocationaleducation. The Bachelor of ChildhoodEducation programme is relatively newand meets the extended demands in termsof early education, especially in child day-care centres. Some institutions combine

the cultural education programme with anartistic aptitude test. Students wishing towork as teachers must obtain a teachingqualification in one or two school subjects.

7.1 Educational Science




Social Sciences 169

sion (school, social education, adult edu-cation and non-school youth education,continuing training, in-company training,

intercultural education, special (needs)education).


Alanus HS (Alfter) • Augsburg U • Bamberg U • Benediktbeuern KathFH • Berlin ASFH •

Berlin FU • Berlin HU • Berlin KHSB • Berlin TU • Bielefeld U • Bochum U •

Braunschweig TU • Bremen U • Chemnitz TU • Darmstadt EvFH • Dortmund TU • Dresden EHS •

Dresden TU • Duisburg-Essen U (Essen) • Erfurt FH • Erfurt U • Erlangen-Nürnberg U

(Erlangen) • Esslingen HS • Flensburg U • Frankfurt am Main U • Freiburg EvFHS • Freiburg PH •

Freiburg U • Gera FH • Gießen U • Göttingen U • Hagen FernU • Halle-Wittenberg U •

Hamburg HAW • Hamburg U • Hamburg UBw • Hannover U • Heidelberg PH • Heidelberg U •

Hildesheim U • Hildesheim/Holzminden/Göttingen HAWK (Hildesheim) • Jena U • Karlsruhe U •

Kiel U • Koblenz-Landau U • Köln U • Leipzig U • Ludwigsburg PH (Ludwigsburg, Reutlingen) •

Lüneburg U • Magdeburg U • Magdeburg-Stendal FH (Stendal) • Mainz U • Marburg U •

Merseburg FH • München HS • München KathFH • München U • München UBw (Neubiberg) •

Münster U • Neubrandenburg HS • Nordrhein-Westfalen KathFH (Köln) • Oldenburg /

Ostfriesland / Wilhelmshaven FH (Emden) • Oldenburg U • Osnabrück U • Potsdam FH •

Potsdam U • Regensburg U • Reutlingen-Ludwigsburg EvFH (Ludwigsburg) • Rostock U •

Schwäbisch Gmünd PH • Stuttgart U • Trier U • Tübingen U • Vechta H • Weilheim-

Bierbronnen GSA (Weilheim) • Wuppertal U • Würzburg U

Study Field Outline

Political science is concerned with study-

ing the institutions of the state (govern-ment) and society, their theoretical-phil-osophical foundations and their concretemanifestations in the recent past and thepresent. It examines how political andsocial concepts are put into organisationaland legislative practice in governments,institutions and political parties, as well

as in international relations, and looks athow interest groups can bring their influ-ence to bear and what forms the political

opinion-building process takes. Importantauxiliary and subsidiary subjects includehistory, social sciences, constitution,economics and business administration.A knowledge of foreign languages, inparticular English, is indispensable, as arecomputing and statistics skills.

7.2 Political Science




Social Sciences 171



Practical experience/internships: 6 months of vocational work experienceduring the studies in educational, social,medical and business institutions andorganisations.

Basic study stage: Lectures and exercisecourses in general psychology, develop-mental psychology, differential and per-sonality psychology, social psychology andmethodology (planning of experiments,statistics), physiological psychology orbiopsychology, empirical internship.

ings are analysed with the help of mathe-matical-statistical methods.

General psychology deals with the fun-

damental functional forms of humanexperience and behaviour (learning,memory, languages, emotion, motivation,etc.). Conversely, differential psychology/personality psychology focuses on theindividual and group-specific differencesin the functional areas addressed by gen-eral psychology. Development psychology

studies the age and life stage-dependentchanges in behaviour and experience. Itsresults are above all of significance foreducational and clinical psychology. Socialpsychology covers a wide and diverserange of conditions and effects that influ-ence social behaviour and the interactionsbetween individuals and groups. Biologicalpsychology and neuropsychology study the

mutual conditionality of mental and physi-cal processes (e.g. in the nervous system).

Building on the foundation of a psycho-logical methodology, scientific hypothesesand formulated empirical studies aredesigned and their results are statisticallyanalysed.

A number of practical fields of applicationhave developed from the research findingsproduced by the above-mentioned basesubjects, such as clinical psychology and

psychotherapy, industrial, corporate andorganisational psychology, educationalpsychology and school psychology, adver-tising psychology, law psychology, trafficpsychology, geriatric psychology, commu-nication psychology, or criminal psychol-ogy. Universities of applied sciences offerprogrammes in fields like industrial or

business psychology, communication psy-chology or rehabilitation psychology.

Psychology particularly possesses interdis-ciplinary frames of reference with scientif-ic areas like the biosciences, anthropology,sociology, education, philosophy, languag-es and linguistics, economics and businessadministration, as well as with computer

science and information systems.

Besides a good knowledge of English, stu-dents of psychology are today expected tohave a fundamental knowledge of appliedcomputing.





7.4 Religious Education


Aachen TH • Bamberg U • Berlin FU • Berlin H:G • Berlin HU • Bielefeld U • Bochum U •

Bonn U • Braunschweig TU • Bremen Jacobs University • Bremen U • Chemnitz TU •

Darmstadt TU • Dortmund TU • Dresden TU • Düsseldorf U • Eichstätt-Ingolstadt U (Eichstätt) •

Erding FHAM • Erfurt U • Erlangen-Nürnberg U (Erlangen) • Frankfurt am Main U • Freiburg U •

Gießen U • Göttingen U • Greifswald U • Halle-Wittenberg U • Hamburg U • Harz HS

(Wernigerode) • Heidelberg HS • Heidelberg U • Hildesheim U • Idstein EFF • Iserlohn BiTS •

Jena U • Kiel U • Koblenz-Landau U • Köln EFF • Köln U • Konstanz U • Leipzig U •

Lüneburg U • Magdeburg U • Magdeburg-Stendal FH (Stendal) • Mainz U • Mannheim U •

Marburg U • München U • Münster U • Osnabrück U • Potsdam U • Potsdam UMC •

Regensburg U • Saarbrücken U • Trier U • Tübingen U • Vechta H • Wuppertal U •

Würzburg U • Zittau/Görlitz HS (Görlitz)

Study Field Outline

The study of religious education qualifiesgraduates for positions as religious edu-cation teachers at schools and in church

pastoral work in a community or parish.Studies also train Protestant deaconsand Catholic parish officials (includingpastoral officers) for positions in churchand school education, child guidance andcounselling, and in pastoral practice. The

latter not only overlaps to certain degreewith the activity fields of the pastor orparish priest but also with those of socialand therapeutic educators. Studies com-bine elements of theology, education and

the arts and humanities, and are largelyoffered by universities of applied sciences(training as a deacon or parish officialis also possible at vocational schools oracademies). The education and training isdenominational.

Main study stage: Methodological sub-jects like psychological diagnosis andintervention, evaluation and researchmethodology, fields of application andpractice, such as industrial, company and

organisational psychology, education andschool psychology, clinical psychology andpsychopathology, forensic psychology,deep (subconscious) psychology and psy-chotherapy, social psychology.




Social Sciences 173


Sciences

Practical experience/internships: Depend-ing on the school/vocational qualifica-tions, students are required to complete a

pre-study internship of several weeks, forexample in church communities/parishesor church welfare institutions. Practicalphases of varying length are to be com-pleted during the studies.

Basic study stage: Introduction to theol-ogy (exegesis, dogmatics, ethics, churchhistory, religious education, etc.) and the

current topical theological issues, pluscourses in arts and humanities subjects(education, psychology, philosophy, sociol-ogy, politics, law, literary studies and arthistory).

Main study stage: Core study areas andspecialisations in religious education(partly also for special (needs) schools orvocational schools), pastoral education,evangelism and church service, youth andadult education, religious counselling and

charity aid.


Practical experience/internships: Possiblyan educational orientation internship.

Studies: Study modules on core questionsof religious studies, history of religion,empirical religious research, religious edu-cation and the literatures of religions andlanguages. Subdisciplines include the Oldand New Testament, church history, sys-tematic theology, religious education and

religious studies. Students who chooseschool as their occupational field mustcomplete extra practical school-relatedstudy sections.


Berlin EFB • Freiburg EvFHS • Hannover FH •

Mainz KathFH • Moritzburg EvFH •

Nordrhein-Westfalen KathFH (Paderborn) •

Nürnberg EvFH • Reutlingen-Ludwigsburg

EvFH (Ludwigsburg) • Rheinland-Westfalen-

Lippe EvFH (Bochum)


Augsburg U • Berlin HU •

Braunschweig TU • Eichstätt-Ingolstadt U

(Eichstätt, München) • Heidelberg HJS •

Münster U • Oldenburg U • Regensburg U





7.5 Social Sciences, Sociology

Studies at Universities and other

Higher Education Institutions

Practical experience/internships: Study-integrated, empirical projects/internships.

Studies: Theory and methodology as wellas object-related modules in core subjectslike empirical social research (includingcomputing and statistics), history of socialsciences, political science and sociology(including socio-economics), social struc-tures and social structure analysis plusspecial sociologies. Given the breadth of sociological analysis and activity fields,studies usually specialise in areas likeyouth, family and educational sociology,

industrial and company sociology, sociol-ogy of gender relations, medical sociology,industrial, employment and organisationalsociology, peace and conflict research,empirical social research. Complemen-

tary modules for teaching profession-related key qualifications: presentationtechniques, mediating methods, conflictmanagement strategies. etc. In addition,students can opt to extend and consolidatetheir knowledge in neighbouring fields of knowledge, like psychology, economicsand business administration, law, politicalscience, education.

Study Field Outline

The social sciences and sociology are con-cerned with the principles, manifestationsand developments of human society. Theystudy the purpose and structure of socialsystems as well as their origin, changesand mutual interactions. In so doing, theytake both an empirical approach based on

exact and largely quantitative research of concrete situations as well as a systematicapproach aimed at formulating relativelygeneral and generally valid conclusionsand socio-philosophical theories. Asindependent academic fields, they closelyrelate and interrelate with disciplines likeeconomics (socio-economics), political sci-ence, philosophy, ethnology, psychology

and education.

The range of teaching offered by each

university differs greatly, hence the choiceof institution and degree or change of institution should be made with great care.In any case, students are recommended toextend and consolidate their knowledge inone of the above-specified neighbouringfields. Some institutions also directly offerprogrammes with a sociological focus, e.g.

in economics. The acquisition of appliedcomputing and foreign language skills isespecially important to the career pros-pects. The study of social sciences for ateaching qualification in social studies hasmore of a political sciences focus than asociological one.






Practical experience/internships: Up to24 weeks of practical work experience andresearch-orientated internships.

Studies: Preparatory modules (introduc-

tion to research work, principles of com-puting), functions and occupational fieldsof social work and education, researchmethods, educational and social sciencesprinciples, psychological and socio-med-ical principles, administrative sciencesand legal principles, principles and actiontheories of social work and education,organisational psychology and sociology,

socio-administrative and economic princi-

ples. Depending on the range of coursesoffered by the institution, further optionalmodules. Complementary cross-discipli-nary courses from philosophy, social eth-ics, economics and business administra-tion, media work, and a range of foreignlanguages.


Bamberg U • Dortmund TU • Duisburg-

Essen U (Essen) • Eichstätt-Ingolstadt U

(Eichstätt) • Freiburg U • Friedensau ThH •

Hannover U • Hildesheim U • Kassel U •

Lüneburg U • Marburg U • Siegen U •

Vechta H


Sciences and at Universities


tions, students are generally requiredto complete a pre-study internship of several weeks in occupational fields of social work and education. During theirstudies, students complete core studyand occupational field-related practical/project phases of varying length, moni-tored through supervision and courses.The requirements for state recognition arevariously governed and may include a fur-ther postgraduate work experience phaseof up to one year.

Studies: Base modules on history, thetheories and methods of social work andeducation, the educational, psychologi-cal, sociological and legal principles andframeworks of social work and education,

and on creative media and the use of infor-mation technology. Modules on topicslike professional action formats, everydayworlds, professional ethics to expand thebase knowledge. Core study areas andspecialisation in the extraordinarily broadrange covered by social work and socialeducation in action fields like elementaryeducation, educational support, familysupport, youth work, rehabilitation andhealth, geriatric work, intercultural socialwork, adult education, industrial social

Social workers, social educators andtherapeutic educators often collaboratewith representatives of other professional

groups and are employed by authoritiesand other private sector organisations,associations and self-help groups.




Social Sciences 177

7.7 Sport

Study Field Outline

The study of sport, physical education (PE)

and sports science aims to train PE teach-ers for future careers in schools and forsports-related careers outside the schoolsector, e.g. in leisure and health sports ortop-class performance competitive sport.In some cases, studies will also lead to anacademic career. Hence, sports studentsreceive a thorough practical-methodolog-ical training in the major sporting areas(track and field, apparatus gymnastics,gymnastics/dance, swimming, ball games,etc.) and a theoretical-scientific ground-

ing in areas like education, didacticsand methodology of sport, psychology,medicine, sociology and history of sport,

movement and training theory, construc-tion of sports grounds and facilities, sportsadministration, sports journalism andsports law.

To become a PE school teacher, applicantsmust generally complete a second aca-demic school subject. A health certificatemust accompany the application, whilemost institutions also require proof of sporting fitness in the form of an entrancetest.

work, leisure and recreational education,drug/narcotics counselling, resocialisa-tion, city district work, social manage-

ment, supervised practical and projectwork.


Benediktbeuern KathFH • Berlin ASFH • Berlin EFB • Berlin KHSB • Bielefeld FH •

Bielefeld FhdD • Braunschweig / Wolfenbüttel FH (Braunschweig) • Bremen HS • Coburg HS •

Darmstadt EvFH • Darmstadt HS • Dortmund FH • Dresden EHS • Düsseldorf FH • Erfurt FH •

Esslingen HS • Frankfurt am Main FH • Freiburg EvFHS • Freiburg KathFHS • Fulda HS •

Hamburg EvFH • Hamburg HAW • Hannover FH • Heidelberg HS • Hildesheim/Holzminden/

Göttingen HAWK (Hildesheim, Holzminden) • Jena FH • Kiel FH • Koblenz FH (Koblenz,

Remagen) • Köln FH • Landshut FH • Lausitz FH (Cottbus) • Leipzig HTWK • Ludwigshafen FH •

Magdeburg-Stendal FH (Magdeburg) • Mainz KathFH • Mannheim HS • Merseburg FH •

Mittweida HS (Roßwein) • München HS • München KathFH • Münster FH •

Neubrandenburg HS • Niederrhein HS (Mönchengladbach) • Nordhausen FH • Nordrhein-

Westfalen KathFH (Aachen, Köln, Münster, Paderborn) • Nürnberg EvFH • Nürnberg HS •

Oldenburg / Ostfriesland / Wilhelmshaven FH (Emden) • Osnabrück FH • Potsdam FH •

Ravensburg-Weingarten HS (Weingarten) • Regensburg FH • Reutlingen-Ludwigsburg EvFH

(Ludwigsburg) • Rheinland-Westfalen-Lippe EvFH (Bochum) • Saarland HTW • Wiesbaden FH •

Würzb.-Schweinf.-FH (Würzburg) • Zittau/Görlitz HS (Görlitz)





Studies at Universities andUniversities of Applied Sciences

Studies: Modules on the principles of sports science, sports history, didactic-methodological principles of movementdisciplines, sports games and sports disci-plines, sports biomechanics, sports medi-cine (anatomical-physiological principles),

training science, sports psychology/sportssociology, sport and movement in the edu-cational process, sports law and adminis-tration, sport and the media.

Students can create profiles and specialisein topic-orientated consolidation and corestudy areas such as leisure, recreational

and health sport, performance and com-petitive sport, prevention and rehabilita-tion, sport in adult and senior age, outdoorsports and sports tourism, sports econom-ics and management, media and com-munication. Specialist internships in theoccupational field. Complementary mod-ules on business English, presentationtechniques, applied computing, for exam-

ple. In the teaching degree programmes,sport is studied together with the approvedcombination subjects for schools.

Degree programmes in sports economicsand sports management encompass thetheory and practice of sporting disciplinesand sports science (training theory, sports

medicine, sports biology, sports educa-tion) on the one hand, and economiccontexts (marketing, corporate accounting,organisation and human resources man-agement) and topics from the field of law,

on the other. The Universities of AppliedSciences of Koblenz and Braunschweig/Wolfenbüttel offer programmes in closecooperation with the sports organisations.

Besides gaining an academic degree, stu-dents are also awarded trainer and clubmanager licences by the German OlympicSports Confederation (DOSB).


Bad Homburg HS (Bad Homburg) • Bayreuth U • Berlin H:G • Berlin HU • Bielefeld U •

Bochum U • Braunschweig / Wolfenbüttel FH (Salzgitter) • Braunschweig TU • Bremen U •

Chemnitz TU • Darmstadt TU • Dortmund TU • Erding FHAM • Erfurt U • Flensburg U •

Frankfurt am Main U • Freiburg U • Gießen U • Göttingen U • Halle-Wittenberg U •

Hamburg U • Hannover U • Heidelberg HS • Heidelberg U • Hildesheim U • Iserlohn BiTS •

Jena U • Karlsruhe PH • Karlsruhe U • Kiel U • Koblenz FH (Remagen) • Koblenz-Landau U •

Köln DSHS • Konstanz U • Leipzig U • Lüneburg U • Magdeburg U • Mainz U • Marburg U •

München TU • München UBw (Neubiberg) • Münster U • Oldenburg U • Osnabrück U •Paderborn U • Potsdam U • Regensburg U • Rostock U • Saarbrücken U • Stuttgart U •

Tübingen U • Vechta H • Wuppertal U • Würzburg U




Social Sciences 179


Philosophical-Theological Colleges

Basic study stage: Basic philosophical-theological study with lectures, exercisesand seminar courses in subjects likesystematic philosophy (anthropology,ethics, metaphysics, psychology), historyof philosophy, introduction to the Oldand New Testament, social doctrine and

church history, including Patristic stud-ies. As necessary, courses may be taken toovercome language deficits (Latin, Greek,Hebrew).

Main study stage: Consolidation andextension studies in Old and New Testa-ment exegesis, fundamental theology,dogmatics, moral theology, church law,liturgy, catechesis, religious education andpastoral theology. Candidates seeking ateaching degree for middle/intermediate

secondary schools (Realschule) qualify

with basic Latin.


Augsburg U • Bamberg U • Benediktbeuern

PhThH • Bochum U • Bonn U •

Dortmund TU • Dresden TU • Duisburg-

Essen U (Essen) • Eichstätt-Ingolstadt U

(Eichstätt) • Elstal Theol. Seminar •

Erfurt U • Flensburg U • Frankfurt amMain PhThH • Frankfurt am Main U •

Freiburg U • Fulda ThFak • Gießen U •

Hannover U • Hildesheim U • Jena U •

Koblenz-Landau U • Mainz U •

München U • Münster PhThH •

Münster U • Osnabrück U •

Paderborn ThFak • Passau U •

Regensburg U • Saarbrücken U •

Sankt Augustin PhThH • Trier ThFak •

Trier U • Tübingen U • Vallendar PTHV •

Vechta H • Wuppertal U • Würzburg U

7.8 Theology (Catholic)

Study Field Outline

Catholic theology sees itself as the scienceof the study of the Christian faith basedon the message of the Bible which mustbe re-interpreted in each new age to makeit meaningful and comprehensible. Thus,research and study of the historical andcontemporary manifestations are among

the subjects studied. Catholic theology isdivided into Biblical, historical, system-atic and practical branches. Doctrine isconsidered a responsible interpretation of faith if it meets with general agreement

and has been formulated as such by the

Sacred Congregation for the Doctrine of Faith. Catholic theology in particular seeksdialogue with other Christian churches,the world religions, and organisations rep-resenting major intellectual and social andacademic movements of the present-day.Important auxiliary sciences include phi-losophy and religious studies, sociology,

and psychology.

Studies and degrees in old Catholic theol-ogy are equivalent to those in Catholictheology.





7.9 Theology (Protestant)

Studies at Universities and Church

Colleges

Practical experience/internships: Theprovincial churches of Bavaria, Bremen,Schaumburg-Lippe and Württembergrequire 9 to 12 months of community,deaconry or industrial practical experienceto be completed before the studies begin;in Bavaria students can choose to completethis training during their studies. All other

provincial churches require completion of 1 or 2 short-term internships of between 4and 8 weeks in length.

Basic study stage: The first few weeksprovide “obligatory student advice”. Stu-dents extend and perfect their requiredlanguage proficiency in Latin, Greek andHebrew. Some institutions offer appropri-ate vacation courses. The very intensivelanguage courses offered by the Protes-tant colleges make these the best way of

overcoming language skill deficits. Thishelps students meet the requirement that

registration for the final examination canonly be submitted at the earliest 6 semes-ters after the last language test was passed(“language-free” semesters). Introductorylectures, exercises and seminar courses inthe main areas of theology and in methodsof academic research constitute the mainelements of the basic study stage.

Main study stage: This covers the mainfields of Old Testament, New Testament,history of the church and theology, sys-tematic theology (dogmatics and ethics)and practical theology. Students also takephilosophy, psychology, education, ecu-menical theology, church music, mission-ary and religious studies, plus a choice of other subjects, such as sociology or churchlaw.

Study Field Outline

Protestant theology sees itself as themethodological interpretation of Chris-tian beliefs, their historical developmentand their present-day realisation, and isbased on the Bible, in particular the NewTestament, while church tradition onlyplays a secondary role. Besides this, the

study of Protestant theology is involved inconstant interaction and debate on othercontemporaneous developments, such asfound in philosophy, politics and social

sciences. Despite all the interrelations, the

academic discipline has managed to pre-serve a considerable degree of independ-ence from the Protestant churches. Ten-sions above all arise vis-à-vis the so-called“grassroots faithful”. Controversies havealso developed at various times as a resultof the occasionally widely-differing posi-tions, theories and systems of Protestant

theologians. Important auxiliary and com-plementary disciplines include classicalphilology, philosophy, psychology, sociol-ogy and education.





Higher Education Institutions in Germany





Aachen

Rheinisch-Westfälische TechnischeHochschule Aachen

www.rwth-aachen.de

Fachhochschule Aachen

www.fh-aachen.de

Katholische Fachhochschule Nordrhein-Westfalen, Abteilung Aachen

www.kfhnw.de

AalenHochschule Aalen Technik und Wirtschaft

www.htw-aalen.de

Alfter

Alanus HochschuleStaatlich anerkannte, private Hochschulefür Kunst und Gesellschaft

www.alanus.de

Amberg

Fachhochschule Amberg-WeidenHochschule für Technik und Wirtschaft

www.fh-amberg-weiden.de

Ansbach

Fachhochschule AnsbachUniversity of Applied Sciences

www.fh-ansbach.de

Aschaffenburg

Fachhochschule Aschaffenburg

www.fh-aschaffenburg.de

Augsburg

Universität Augsburg

www.uni-augsburg.de

Fachhochschule AugsburgHochschule für Technik, Wirtschaft undGestaltung

www.fh-augsburg.de

Bad Homburg

accadis Hochschule Bad Homburg

www.accadis.com

Bad Honnef

Internationale FachhochschuleBad Honnef – Bonn

(International University of AppliedSciences)

www.fh-bad-honnef.de

Bad Sooden-Allendorf

Fachhochschule Nordhessen

www.fh-nordhessen.de

Bamberg

Otto-Friedrich-Universität Bambergwww.uni-bamberg.de

Bayreuth

Universität Bayreuth

www.uni-bayreuth.de

Hochschule für evangelische Kirchen-musik der Evangelisch-Lutherischen

Landeskirche in Bayernwww.hfk-bayreuth.de

Benediktbeuern

Philosophisch-Theologische Hochschuleder Salesianer Don Boscos –Theologische Fakultät

www.pth-bb.de

Katholische Stiftungs-FachhochschuleMünchen, Abteilung Benediktbeuern

www.ksfh.de





Berlin

Design Akademie Berlin – Hochschule fürKommunikation und Design

www.design-akademie-berlin.de

Touro College Berlin

www.touroberlin.de

Berliner Technische Kunsthochschule –Hochschule für Gestaltung

www.btk-fh.de

BEST-Sabel-Fachhochschule Berlinwww.best-sabel.de

International Business School BerlinUniversity of Applied Sciences

www.ibsberlin.com

Berlin IB-HochschuleStaatlich anerkannte Hochschule für

Soziales und Kommunikationwww.ib-hochschule.de

esmt European School of Managementand Technology

www.esmt.org

Hertie School of Governance

www.hertie-school.org

Biberach

Hochschule Biberach

www.fh-biberach.de

Bielefeld

Universität Bielefeld

www.uni-bielefeld.de

Kirchliche Hochschule Wuppertal/BethelHochschule für Kirche und Diakonie

www.kiho-bethel.de

Fachhochschule BielefeldUniversity of Applied Sciences

www.fh-bielefeld.de

Fachhochschule des Mittelstands (FHM)www.fhm-mittelstand.de

Fachhochschule der Wirtschaft (FHDW)

www.fhdw.de

Fachhochschule der Diakonie –Diaconia-University of Applied Sciences

www.fhdd.de

Bingen

Fachhochschule Bingen University of Applied Sciences

www.fh-bingen.de

Bochum

Ruhr-Universität Bochum

www.ruhr-uni-bochum.de

Hochschule BochumUniversity of Applied Sciences

www.hochschule-bochum.de

Technische Fachhochschule Georg Agri-cola für Rohstoff, Energie und Umwelt zuBochum

www.tfh-bochum.de

Evangelische Fachhochschule Rheinland-Westfalen-Lippe

www.efh-bochum.de

Bonn

Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn

www.uni-bonn.de




Higher Education Institutions in Germany 187

Hochschule der Sparkassen-Finanzgruppe– University of Applied Sciences – Bonn

www.s-hochschule.de

Brandenburg

Fachhochschule Brandenburg

www.fh-brandenburg.de

Braunschweig

Technische Universität Carolo-Wilhelminazu Braunschweig

www.tu-braunschweig.de

Hochschule für Bildende KünsteBraunschweig

www.hbk-bs.de

Bremen

Universität Bremen

www.uni-bremen.de

Jacobs University Bremenwww.jacobs-university.de

Hochschule für Künste Bremen

www.hfk-bremen.de

Hochschule Bremen

www.hs-bremen.de

APOLLON Hochschule der Gesund-heitswirtschaft GmbH

www.apollon-hochschule.de

Bremerhaven

Hochschule Bremerhaven

www.hs-bremerhaven.de

Bruchsal

International University in Germany

www.i-u.de

Brühl

Europäische Fachhochschule

www.eufh.de

Buxtehude

Hochschule21 gemeinnützige GmbH

www.hs21.de

Calw

Internationale Hochschule für Kreativ-pädagogik und künstlerische Therapien

www.internationale-hochschule-calw.de

SRH Hochschule CalwUniversity of Applied Sciences

www.hochschule-calw.de

Chemnitz

Technische Universität Chemnitz

www.tu-chemnitz.de

Private Fernfachhochschule Sachsenwww.ffh-sachsen.com

Clausthal-Zellerfeld

Technische Universität Clausthal

www.tu-clausthal.de

Coburg

Hochschule für angewandte Wissenschaften

Fachhochschule Coburgwww.hs-coburg.de

Fachhochschule Schloss HohenfelsStaatlich anerkannte private Hochschulefür Fachtherapien im Gesundheitswesen

www.fh-schloss-hohenfels.de

Cottbus

Brandenburgische Technische UniversitätCottbus (BTU)

www.tu-cottbus.de





Darmstadt

Technische Universität Darmstadt

www.tu-darmstadt.de

Hochschule DarmstadtUniversity of Applied Sciences

www.h-da.de

Evangelische Fachhochschule Darmstadt

www.efh-darmstadt.de

Deggendorf

Fachhochschule Deggendorf University of Applied Sciences

www.fh-deggendorf.de

Detmold

Hochschule für Musik Detmold

www.hfm-detmold.de

Dortmund

Technische Universität Dortmundwww.uni-dortmund.de

Fachhochschule DortmundUniversity of Applied Sciences

www.fh-dortmund.de

Dresden

Technische Universität Dresden

www.tu-dresden.de

Dresden International University (DIU)

www.dresden-international-university.

com

Hochschule für Bildende Künste Dresden

www.hfbk-dresden.de

Hochschule für Musik “Carl Maria vonWeber” Dresden

www.hfmdd.de

Palucca Schule Dresden – Hochschule fürTanz

www.palucca-schule-dresden.de

Hochschule für Kirchenmusik der Evange-lisch-Lutherischen Landeskirche Sachsens

www.kirchenmusik-dresden.de

Hochschule für Technik und WirtschaftDresden (FH)

www.htw-dresden.de

Evangelische Hochschule für SozialeArbeit (FH)

www.ehs-dresden.de


www.fhdw.de

Duisburg

Universität Duisburg-Essen

www.uni-duisburg-essen.de

Düsseldorf

Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf

www.uni-duesseldorf.de

Kunstakademie Düsseldorf

www.kunstakademie-duesseldorf.de

Robert-Schumann-Hochschule Düsseldorf www.rsh-duesseldorf.de

Fachhochschule Düsseldorf

www.fh-duesseldorf.de

Eberswalde

Fachhochschule EberswaldeUniversity of Applied Sciences

www.fh-eberswalde.de





Eichstätt

Katholische Universität Eichstätt-Ingolstadt

www.ku-eichstaett.de

Elmshorn

Nordakademie Hochschule der Wirtschaft

www.nordakademie.de

Elstal

Theologisches Seminar Elstal (Fachhoch-schule) des Bundes Evangelisch-Freikirch-

licher Gemeinden in Deutschlandwww.bildungszentrum-elstal.de

Emden

Fachhochschule Oldenburg /Ostfriesland / Wilhelmshaven

www.fh-oow.de

Erding

Fachhochschule für angewandtesManagement

www.myfham.de

Erfurt

Universität Erfurt

www.uni-erfurt.de

Fachhochschule Erfurt

University of Applied Scienceswww.fh-erfurt.de

Adam-Ries Fachhochschule

www.adam-ries-fh.de

Erlangen

Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg

www.uni-erlangen.de

Essen

Universität Duisburg-Essen

www.uni-duisburg-essen.de

Folkwang Hochschule Essen

www.folkwang-hochschule.de

Fachhochschule für Oekonomie &Management

www.fom.de

Esslingen

Hochschule Esslingenwww.hs-esslingen.de

Flensburg

Universität Flensburg

www.uni-flensburg.de

Fachhochschule Flensburg

www.fh-flensburg.de

Frankfurt (Oder)

Europa-Universität ViadrinaFrankfurt (Oder)

www.euv-frankfurt-o.de

Frankfurt am Main

Johann Wolfgang Goethe-UniversitätFrankfurt am Main

www.uni-frankfurt.de

Frankfurt School of Finance &Management

www.frankfurt-school.de

Philosophisch-Theologische HochschuleSankt Georgen

www.sankt-georgen.de





Hamburg

ISS International Business School of Service Management

www.iss-hh.de

Hamm

SRH Fachhochschule HammHochschule für Logistik und Wirtschaft

www.fh-hamm.srh.de

Hannover

Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz Universität

Hannoverwww.uni-hannover.de

Medizinische Hochschule Hannover

www.mh-hannover.de

Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover

www.tiho-hannover.de

Hochschule für Musik und TheaterHannover

www.hmt-hannover.de

Fachhochschule Hannover (FHH)University of Applied Sciences and Arts

www.fh-hannover.de

Fachhochschule für die Wirtschaft

(FHDW) Hannoverwww.fhdw.de

Heide

Fachhochschule WestküsteHochschule für Wirtschaft und Technik

www.fh-westkueste.de

Heidelberg

Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg

www.uni-heidelberg.de

Pädagogische Hochschule Heidelberg

www.ph-heidelberg.de

Hochschule für Jüdische Studien

www.hjs.uni-heidelberg.de

SRH Hochschule Heidelberg

www.fh-heidelberg.de

Hochschule für Kirchenmusik der Evange-lischen Landeskirche in Baden

www.hfk-heidelberg.de

Heilbronn

Hochschule HeilbronnTechnik, Wirtschaft, Informatik

www.hs-heilbronn.de

heilbronn business schoolStaatlich anerkannte Fachhochschuleim Studienzentrum der Dieter Schwarz

Stiftung gGmbHwww.heilbronn-business-school.de

Herford

Hochschule für Kirchenmusik derEvangelischen Kirche von Westfalen

www.hochschule-herford.de

Hildesheim

Universität Hildesheimwww.uni-hildesheim.de

Fachhochschule Hildesheim/Holzminden/GöttingenHochschule für angewandte Wissenschaftund Kunst

www.hawk-hhg.de

Hof

Fachhochschule Hof

www.fh-hof.de





Mannheim

Universität Mannheim

www.uni-mannheim.de

Staatliche Hochschule für Musik undDarstellende Kunst Mannheim

www.muho-mannheim.de

Hochschule Mannheim

www.hs-mannheim.de

Hochschule der Bundesagentur für Arbeit

Staatlich anerkannte Fachhochschule fürArbeitsmarktmanagement

www.fh-arbeit.de

Popakademie Baden-Württemberg

www.pop-akademie.de

Marburg

Philipps-Universität Marburg

www.uni-marburg.de

Merseburg

Fachhochschule MerseburgUniversity of Applied Sciences

www.fh-merseburg.de

Mittweida

Hochschule Mittweida (FH)

University of Applied Scienceswww.htwm.de

Moritzburg

Evangelische Fachhochschule fürReligionspädagogik und Gemeinde-diakonie

www.fhs-moritzburg.de

München

Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München

www.uni-muenchen.de

Technische Universität München

www.tu-muenchen.de

Universität der Bundeswehr München

www.unibw-muenchen.de

Akademie der Bildenden Künste

www.adbk.mhn.de

Hochschule für Musik und TheaterMünchen

www.musikhochschule-muenchen.

mhn.de

Hochschule für Philosophie(Philosophische Fakultät S.J.)

www.hfph.mwn.de

Hochschule für Politik München

www.hochschule-fuer-politik.mhn.de

Hochschule für Fernsehen und FilmMünchen

www.hff-muenchen.mhn.de

Hochschule für angewandteWissenschaften – FH München

www.hm.edu

Katholische Stiftungs-Fachhochschule

München, Abteilung Münchenwww.ksfh.de

Munich Business School

www.munich-business-school.de

macromedia fachhochschule der medien

www.macromedia-fachhochschule.de

Hochschule für Angewandte Sprachen

www.sdi-muenchen.de





Münster

Westfälische Wilhelms-UniversitätMünster

www.uni-muenster.de

Kunstakademie MünsterHochschule für Bildende Künste

www.kunstakademie-muenster.de

Philosophisch-Theologische HochschuleMünster

www.pth-muenster.de

Fachhochschule MünsterUniversity of Applied Sciences

www.fh-muenster.de

Katholische Fachhochschule Nordrhein-Westfalen, Abteilung Münster

www.kfhnw.de

NeubrandenburgHochschule NeubrandenburgUniversity of Applied Sciences

www.fh-nb.de

Neuendettelsau

Augustana-Hochschule

www.augustana.de

Neu-UlmFachhochschule Neu-Ulm

www.fh-neu-ulm.de

Nordhausen

Fachhochschule Nordhausen

www.fh-nordhausen.de

Nürnberg

Friedrich-Alexander-UniversitätErlangen-Nürnberg

www.uni-erlangen.de

Akademie der Bildenden Künstein Nürnberg

www.adbk-nuernberg.de

Hochschule für Musik Nürnberg –Augsburg

www.hfm-n-a.de

Georg-Simon-Ohm Hochschule NürnbergUniversity of Applied Sciences

www.ohm-hochschule.de

Evangelische Fachhochschule Nürnbergwww.evfh-nuernberg.de

Nürtingen

Hochschule für Wirtschaft und UmweltNürtingen-Geislingen

www.hfwu.de

Nürtingen

Hochschule für Kunsttherapie NürtingenUniversity of Applied Sciences

www.fhkt.de

Oberursel

Lutherische Theologische HochschuleOberursel

www.lthh-oberursel.de

Oestrich-WinkelEuropean Business School (EBS)

www.ebs.edu

Offenbach

Hochschule für GestaltungOffenbach am Main

www.hfg-offenbach.de





Offenburg

Hochschule für Technik, Wirtschaft undMedien OffenburgUniversity of Applied Sciences

www.hs-offenburg.de

Oldenburg

Carl von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg

www.uni-oldenburg.de


www.fh-oow.de

Osnabrück

Universität Osnabrück

www.uni-osnabrueck.de

Fachhochschule OsnabrückUniversity of Applied Sciences

www.fh-osnabrueck.de

Ottersberg

Fachhochschule Ottersberg

www.fh-ottersberg.de

Paderborn

Universität Paderborn

www.uni-paderborn.de

Theologische Fakultät Paderbornwww.theofak-pb.de

Katholische Fachhochschule Nordrhein-Westfalen, Abteilung Paderborn

www.kfhnw.de


www.fhdw.de

Passau

Universität Passau

www.uni-passau.de

Pforzheim

Hochschule PforzheimGestaltung, Technik, Wirtschaft und Recht

www.hs-pforzheim.de

Pfungstadt

Wilhelm Büchner HochschulePrivate Fernhochschule Darmstadt

www.wb-fernstudium.de

Pinneberg

AKAD-Fachhochschule Pinneberg

www.akad.de

Potsdam

Universität Potsdam

www.uni-potsdam.de

Hochschule für Film und Fernsehen“Konrad Wolf” Potsdam-Babelsberg

www.hff-potsdam.de

Fachhochschule PotsdamUniversity of Applied Sciences

www.fh-potsdam.de

UMC PotsdamUniversity of Management andCommunication

www.umc-potsdam.de

Regensburg

Universität Regensburg

www.uni-regensburg.de

Hochschule für Katholische Kirchenmusikund Musikpädagogik Regensburg

www.hfkm-regensburg.de





Fachhochschule RegensburgHochschule für Technik, Wirtschaft,Sozialwesen

www.fh-regensburg.de

Reutlingen

Hochschule Reutlingen

www.hochschule-reutlingen.de

Theologisches Seminar ReutlingenStaatlich anerkannte Fachhochschule derEvangelisch-methodistischen Kirche

www.theologisches-seminar.de

Riedlingen

SRH Fernfachhochschule Riedlingen

www.fh-riedlingen.de

Rosenheim

Fachhochschule RosenheimHochschule für Technik und Wirtschaft

www.fh-rosenheim.de

Rostock

Universität Rostock

www.uni-rostock.de

Private Hanseuniversität Rostock

www.hanseuni.de

Hochschule für Musik und TheaterRostock

www.hmt-rostock.de

Rottenburg

Hochschule für Kirchenmusik

www.hfk-rottenburg.de

Hochschule für ForstwirtschaftRottenburgUniversity of Applied Forest Sciences

www.hs-rottenburg.net

Saarbrücken

Universität des Saarlandes

www.uni-saarland.de

Hochschule der Bildenden Künste Saar

www.hbks.uni-sb.de

Hochschule für Musik Saar

www.hfm.saarland.de

Hochschule für Technik und Wirtschaftdes Saarlandes

www.htw-saarland.de

Katholische Hochschule für Soziale Arbeit(FH)

www.khsa.de

Sankt Augustin

Philosophisch-Theologische HochschuleSVD Sankt Augustin

www.philtheol-augustin.de

Fachhochschule Bonn-Rhein-Sieg

www.fh-bonn-rhein-sieg.de

Schmalkalden

Fachhochschule Schmalkalden

www.fh-schmalkalden.de

Schwäbisch GmündPädagogische HochschuleSchwäbisch Gmünd

www.ph-gmuend.de

Hochschule für GestaltungSchwäbisch GmündUniversity of Applied Sciences

www.hfg-gmuend.de





Schwäbisch Hall

Fachhochschule Schwäbisch HallHochschule für Gestaltung

www.fhsh.de

Schwandorf

Private Fachhochschule Döpfer

www.fh-doepfer.de

Senftenberg

Fachhochschule LausitzUniversity of Applied Sciences

www.fh-lausitz.de

Siegen

Universität Siegen

www.uni-siegen.de

Sigmaringen

Hochschule Albstadt-SigmaringenIngenieur- und Wirtschaftswissenschaften

www.hs-albsig.de

Speyer

Deutsche Hochschule für Verwaltungswis-senschaften Speyer

www.hfv-speyer.de

Stralsund

Fachhochschule Stralsund

University of Applied Scienceswww.fh-stralsund.de

Stuttgart

Universität Stuttgart

www.uni-stuttgart.de

Universität Hohenheim

www.uni-hohenheim.de

Freie Hochschule Stuttgart –Seminar für Waldorfpädagogik

www.freie-hochschule-stuttgart.de

Staatliche Akademie der Bildenden KünsteStuttgart

www.abk-stuttgart.de

Staatliche Hochschule für Musik undDarstellende Kunst Stuttgart

www.mh-stuttgart.de

Hochschule für Technik Stuttgartwww.hft-stuttgart.de

Hochschule der Medien Stuttgart

www.hdm-stuttgart.de

AKAD Fachhochschule Stuttgart

www.akad.de

Merz Akademie

Hochschule für Gestaltung Stuttgartwww.merz-akademie.de

Trier

Universität Trier

www.uni-trier.de

Theologische Fakultät Trier

www.uni-trier.de/uni/theo

Fachhochschule Trier – Hochschule fürTechnik, Wirtschaft und GestaltungUniversity of Applied Sciences

www.fh-trier.de

Trossingen

Staatliche Hochschule für MusikTrossingen

www.mh-trossingen.de





Tübingen

Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen

www.uni-tuebingen.de

Hochschule für Kirchenmusik derEvangelischen Landeskirche inWürttemberg

www.kirchenmusikhochschule.de

Ulm

Universität Ulm

www.uni-ulm.de

Hochschule UlmTechnik, Informatik & Medien

www.hs-ulm.de

Vallendar

WHU – Otto-Beisheim School of Management

www.whu.edu

Philosophisch-Theologische Hochschuleder Pallottiner VallendarTheologische Fakultät

www.pthv.de

Vechta

Hochschule Vechta (Universität)

www.uni-vechta.de

Private Fachhochschule für Wirtschaftund Technik Vechta/Diepholz

www.fhwt.de

Wedel

Fachhochschule Wedel

www.fh-wedel.de

Weilheim

Gustav-Siewerth-Akademie

www.siewerth-akademie.de

Weimar

Bauhaus-Universität Weimar

www.uni-weimar.de

Hochschule für Musik “Franz Liszt”Weimar

www.hfm-weimar.de

Weingarten

Pädagogische Hochschule Weingarten

www.ph-weingarten.de

Hochschule Ravensburg-WeingartenTechnik – Wirtschaft – Sozialwesen

www.hs-weingarten.de

Wernigerode

Hochschule HarzHochschule für angewandteWissenschaften (FH)

www.hs-harz.de

Wiesbaden

Fachhochschule WiesbadenUniversity of Applied Sciences

www.fh-wiesbaden.de

Wildau

Technische Fachhochschule Wildau

www.tfh-wildau.de

Wilhelmshaven


www.fh-oow.de

Wismar

Hochschule WismarUniversity of Technology, Business andDesign

www.hs-wismar.de





Witten

Private Universität Witten/Herdecke

www.uni-wh.de

Wolfenbüttel

Fachhochschule Braunschweig/Wolfenbüttel

www.fh-wolfenbuettel.de

Worms

Fachhochschule WormsUniversity of Applied Sciences

www.fh-worms.de

Wuppertal

Bergische Universität Wuppertal

www.uni-wuppertal.de

Kirchliche Hochschule Wuppertal/BethelHochschule für Kirche und Diakonie

www.kiho-wuppertal.de

Würzburg

Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg

www.uni-wuerzburg.de

Hochschule für Musik Würzburg

www.hfm-wuerzburg.de

Fachhochschule Würzburg-Schweinfurt

www.fh-wuerzburg.de

Zittau

Internationales Hochschulinstitut Zittau

www.ihi-zittau.de

Hochschule Zittau/Görlitz (FH)

www.hs-zigr.de

Zwickau

Westsächsische Hochschule Zwickau (FH)University of Applied Sciences

www.fh-zwickau.de





Alphabetical Index of Degree Courses





AAccounting / RechnungswesenAdaptronics / AdaptronikAdministration and Law / Verwaltung undRechtAdministrative Economics, Public ServicesManagement / Verwaltungsökonomie –Öffentliches DienstleistungsmanagementAdministrative Information Systems /Verwaltungsinformatik

Administrative Studies / Verwaltungswis-senschaftAdult Education / Erwachsenenbildung,AndragogikAdventure and Experiential Education /Abenteuer- und ErlebnispädagogikAdvertising and Market Communication /Werbung und MarktkommunikationAeronautical Systems Engineering and

Management / Luftfahrtsystemtechnik und-managementAeronautical Technology / LuftfahrttechnikAerospace Engineering / Luft- und Raum-fahrttechnikAesthetics, Art Theory/Art History /KunstwissenschaftAesthetics and Design Studies /Kunst- und Designwissenschaft

African Philology, African Studies /Afrikanische Philologie, AfrikanistikAgricultural Economics, Agronomy /Agrarwirtschaft, AgrarökonomieAgricultural Marketing and Management /Agrarmarketing und AgrarmanagementAgricultural Sciences / Agrarwissen-schaftenAgriculture Sciences and EnvironmentalManagement / Agrarwissenschaften undUmweltmanagementAgrobiology / Agrarbiologie

Agrobiotechnology / AgrarbiotechnologieAgroecology / AgrarökologieAir Traffic Management / Luftverkehrs-management

Aircraft Construction / FlugzeugbauAlbanian Studies / AlbanologieAmerican Studies / AmerikanistikAncient Hebrew Studies / AlthebraistikAncient Iranian studies / AltiranistikAncient Oriental Studies / AltorientalischePhilologie, AltorientalistikAncient Studies / Altertumswissenschaften

Animal Sciences, Livestock Sciences /NutztierwissenschaftenAnimation / AnimationAnthropogeography / AnthropogeographieAnthropology / AnthropologieArchaeology / ArchäologieArchaeology, Christian / Archäologie,christlicheArchaeology, Classical / Archäologie,

klassischeArchaeometry / ArchäometrieArchitecture / ArchitekturArchitecture and Interior Design /Architektur und InnenarchitekturArchitecture and Town/Urban Planning /Architektur und StädtebauArchive Studies / ArchivwesenArt / Kunst

Art Education / KunstpädagogikArt History / KunstgeschichteArt Therapy / KunsttherapieAsian Studies / AsienwissenschaftenAssyrian Studies / AssyriologieAstronautics and Space Engineering,Space Technology / RaumfahrttechnikAstronomy / AstronomieAstrophysics / AstrophysikAuditing / Wirtschaftsprüfung




Alphabetical Index of Degree Courses 205

Auditing, Tax and Management Consul-tancy / Wirtschaftsprüfung, Steuer- undUnternehmensberatungAural Theory / Gehörbildung

Austronesian Studies / AustronesistikAutomation and Robotics /Automation and RoboticsAutomation Engineering /AutomatisierungstechnikAutomotive and Motor Engineering /Fahrzeug- und MotorentechnikAutomotive and Transport Engineering /

Fahrzeug- und VerkehrstechnikAutomotive Engineering /AutomobiltechnikAutomotive Engineering and Rail VehicleEngineering / Kraftfahrzeugtechnik undSchienenfahrzeugtechnikAutomotive Industry /AutomobilwirtschaftAutomotive Management /

Automotive ManagementAutomotive Manufacturing, AutomotiveEngineering / Fahrzeugbau, Fahrzeug-technikAutomotive Mechatronics /FahrzeugmechatronikAutomotive Systems Engineering /AutomobilsystemtechnikAutomotive Technology and

Management /Automobiltechnologie und -managementAutonomous Systems /Autonome SystemeAuxiliary Sciences of History / HistorischeHilfswissenschaftenAviation Business – Piloting and AirlineManagement / Aviation Business – Pilo-ting and Airline Management

BBallet / BallettBaltic Management Studies /Baltic Management StudiesBaltic Studies / BaltistikBanking and Finance Management /Bank- und FinanzmanagementBarrier-Free Systems / BarrierefreieSystemeBasic Mathematical Research /

Mathematische GrundlagenforschungBeverage Technology / Getränke-technologieBiochemical Engineering / Biochemie-technikBiochemistry / BiochemieBiochemistry and Molecular Biology /Biochemie und MolekularbiologieBiochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology /

Biochemie und molekulare ZellbiologieBioengineering / BioingenieurwesenBio-Geo Analysis / BioGeo-AnalyseBiogeography / BiogeographieBioinformatics / Biological InformationSystems / BioinformatikBioinformatics and Genome Research /Bioinformatik und GenomforschungBiological Analysis / Bio-Analytik

Biological and Environmental ProcessEngineering / Bio- und Umweltverfahrens-technikBiological and Process Technology /Bio- und ProzesstechnologieBiological Diversity and Ecology /Biologische Diversität und ÖkologieBiology / BiologieBiomathematics / BiomathematikBiomedical Engineering /BiomedizintechnikBiomedicine / Biomedizin





Bionics / BionikBiopharmaceutical Technology /Biopharmazeutische TechnologieBiophysics / Biophysik

Bioprocess Engineering /BioverfahrenstechnikBioscientific Documentation /Biowissenschaftliche DokumentationBiotechnologies and Nanotechnologies /Bio- und NanotechnologienBiotechnology / BiotechnologieBohemian Studies, Slovakian Studies /

Bohemistik, SlovakistikBook Science / BuchwissenschaftBook Trade, Publishing Industry /Buchhandel, VerlagswirtschaftBrewing and Beverage Technology /Brauwesen und GetränketechnologieBritish Studies, British Literary andCultural Studies / Britische Literatur- undKulturwissenschaft

Building and Property Management /Bau- und ImmobilienmanagementBuilding Conservation, Conservation of theBuilt Environment/Heritage / Pflege desBauerbesBuilding History / BaugeschichteBuilding Industry / BauwirtschaftBuilding Materials Engineering / Baustoff-ingenieurwesen

Building Physics / BauphysikBuilding Technology, applied / Bautechno-logie, angewandteBuilt Heritage Conservation / DenkmalpflegeBulgarian Studies / BulgaristikBusiness Administration for Top-ClassAthletes / Betriebswirtschaftslehre fürSpitzensportlerBusiness Administration, BusinessManagement / BetriebswirtschaftslehreBusiness and Environmental Law /Wirtschafts- und Umweltrecht

Business Communication / Wirtschafts-kommunikationBusiness Informatics, Business Infor-mation Systems / Wirtschaftsinformatik

Business Law, Commercial Law, CompanyLaw / WirtschaftsrechtBusiness Management for Small andMedium-sized Enterprises /Betriebswirtschaft für kleine und mittlereUnternehmenBusiness Mathematics / Wirtschafts-mathematik

Business Physics / WirtschaftsphysikBusiness Psychology / Wirtschafts-psychologieBusiness Translating / Wirtschafts-übersetzenByzantine Studies / Byzantinistik

CCamera / KameraCanadian Studies / KanadistikCaritas Science, Charity Studies / Caritas-wissenschaftCartography / KartographieCartography and Geomedia-Technology /Kartographie und GeomedientechnikCartography und Geomatics / Kartographie

und GeomatikCatalan / KatalanischCaucasian Studies / KaukasiologieCell Biology / ZellbiologieCellular and Molecular Biology / Zelluläreund MolekularbiologieCeltic Studies / KeltologieCentral Asian Studies / Zentralasienwis-senschaftenCeramic, Glass and Building MaterialsTechnology / Keramik-, Glas-, Baustoff-technik





Ceramics / KeramikChemical and Environmental Engineer-ing / Chemie- und UmwelttechnikChemical Biology / Chemische Biologie

Chemical Engineering / Chemieingenieur-wesenChemical Engineering / ChemietechnikChemical Engineering – Paints-Varnishes-Environment / Chemieingenieurwesen –Farbe-Lack-UmweltChemistry / ChemieChemistry and Biochemistry / Chemie und

BiochemieChemistry and Biotechnology / Chemieund BiotechnologieChemistry with Marketing, BusinessChemistry, Industrial Chemistry /WirtschaftschemieChinese Language and Literature /Chinesische Sprache und LiteraturChinese Philosophy and History /

Chinesische Philosophie und GeschichteChoreography / ChoreographieChurch History / KirchengeschichteChurch Music / KirchenmusikChurch Music, Catholic / Kirchenmusik,katholischeChurch Music, Protestant / Kirchenmusik,evangelischeCivil Engineering / Bauingenieurwesen

Civil Law / ZivilrechtClimatology / KlimatologieClinical Engineering, Hospital Engineer-ing / Krankenhaustechnik, MedizintechnikClinical Linguistics / Klinische LinguistikClothing Design / BekleidungsgestaltungClothing Technology, Clothing Enginee-ring / BekleidungstechnikCoaching / KorrepetitionCoastal Geosciences and Engineering /Geo- und Ingenieurwissenschaften derKüsten

Cognitive Computer Science / KognitiveInformatikCognitive Linguistics / KognitiveLinguistik

Cognitive Science / Kognitionswissen-schaftCommercial Management / Handels-managementCommercial Vehicle Technology (CVT) /NutzfahrzeugtechnikCommunication and Information Techno-logy / Kommunikations- und Informati-

onstechnologieCommunication and Media Engineering /Kommunikations- und MedientechnikCommunication and Media Science /Kommunikations- und Medienwissen-schaftCommunication and Multimedia Manage-ment / Kommunikation- und Multimedia-management

Communication Design / Kommunika-tionsdesignCommunication Management / Kommu-nikationsmanagementCommunication Psychology / Kommuni-kationspsychologieCommunication Research and Phonetics /Kommunikationsforschung und PhonetikCommunication Science (applied) / Kom-

munikationswissenschaft (angewandte)Communications Engineering / Kommu-nikationstechnikCompany Management, CorporateManagement / UnternehmensführungComparative and European Law /Vergleichendes und Europäisches RechtComparative Cultural Studies /Vergleichende KulturwissenschaftComparative Linguistics / VergleichendeSprachwissenschaft





Empirical Economics, Business Admini-stration and Social Sciences / EmpirischeWirtschafts- und SozialwissenschaftenEnergy and Environmental Engineering /

Energie- und UmwelttechnikEnergy and Environmental Management /Energie- und UmweltmanagementEnergy and Natural Resources / Energieund RohstoffeEnergy and Process Engineering /Energie- und ProzesstechnikEnergy and Recycling Management /

Energie- und Recycling-ManagementEnergy Engineering / EnergietechnikEnergy Management / EnergiewirtschaftEngineering / IngenieurwissenschaftenEngineering Computing, Engineering In-formation Systems / IngenieurinformatikEngineering Ecology / IngenieurökologieEngineering Physics / Physikingenieur-wesen

English and American Studies /Anglistik und AmerikanistikEnglish Speaking Cultures / EnglischeKulturwissenschaftEnglish Studies / Englische Philologie,AnglistikEnglish Studies and Media Management /Anglistik und MedienmanagementEnvironmental and Bioengineering /

Umwelt- und BioingenieurwissenschaftEnvironmental and Energy ProcessEngineering / Umwelt- und Energie-prozesstechnikEnvironmental and Resource Manage-ment / Umwelt- und Ressourcenmanage-mentEnvironmental Chemistry / Umwelt-chemieEnvironmental Computing, EnvironmentalInformation Systems / Umweltinformatik

Environmental Engineering / Umwelt-ingenieurwesenEnvironmental Management and Infra-structure Planning in Conurbations/Built-

Up Areas/Metropolitan Areas / Umwelt-management und Infrastrukturplanung inBallungsräumenEnvironmental Measurement Engineer-ing / UmweltmesstechnikEnvironmental Physics / UmweltphysikEnvironmental Planning and Manage-ment / Umweltplanung und -management

Environmental Process Engineering /UmweltverfahrenstechnikEnvironmental Protection / UmweltschutzEnvironmental Protection and Agricultu-ral Food Production / Umweltschutz undagraische LebensmittelproduktionEnvironmental Protection Engineering /UmweltschutztechnikEnvironmental Sciences (applied) /

Umweltwissenschaften (angewandte)Environmental, Hygiene and Safety Engi-neering / Umwelt-, Hygiene- und Sicher-heitstechnikErgo therapy / ErgotherapieErgonomics, Work Design / Arbeits-gestaltungEthics / EthikEthnology / Ethnologie, Völkerkunde

Eurhythmics / EurythmieEuropean Administrative Management /Europäisches VerwaltungsmanagementEuropean Art History / Europäische Kunst-geschichteEuropean Business Administration /Europäische BetriebswirtschaftslehreEuropean Business Law / EuropäischesWirtschaftsrecht





European Community Education Studies /European Community Education StudiesEuropean Cultural History / EuropäischeKulturgeschichte

European Economics / Europäische Wirt-schaftEuropean Ethnology, Cultural Studies /Europäische Ethnologie, Kulturwissen-schaftEuropean Labour Studies / EuropäischeArbeitswissenschaftEuropean Linguistics / Europäische

SprachwissenschaftEuropean Management / EuropäischesManagementEuropean Media Studies / EuropäischeMedienwissenschaftEuropean Political Studies / EuropäischePolitikwissenschaftenEuropean Studies / Europa-StudienEuropean Tourism Management /

Europäisches TourismusmanagementEvent Engineering / VeranstaltungstechnikEvent Management / Veranstaltungs-managementExhibition, Conference and Event Manage-ment / Messe-, Kongress- und Eventma-nagementExperimental Physics / Experimental-physik

FFacilities Engineering / GebäudetechnikFacilities Engineering / TechnischeGebäudeausrüstungFacilities Engineering Management /Technisches GebäudemanagementFacility and Energy Engineering /Gebäude- und Energietechnik

Facility and Environmental Engineering /Gebäude- und UmwelttechnikFacility and Infrastructural Management /Gebäude- und Infrastrukturmanagement

Facility Climate Control / GebäudeklimatikFacility Management / Facility Manage-mentFamily Education / FamilienpädagogikFarming / LandwirtschaftFarming and Horticultural Studies/Sciences / Land- und Gartenbauwissen-schaft

Fashion Design / ModedesignFilm / FilmFilm and Television Drama – Script-writing / Film- und Fernsehdramaturgie– DrehbuchFilm and TV / Film und FernsehenFilm and TV Directing / Film- undFernsehregieFilm Music / Filmmusik

Film Studies / FilmwissenschaftFinancial Management / Finanz-managementFinancial Mathematics / Finanz-mathematikFinancial Services / Finanzdienst-leistungenFine Arts / Bildende KunstFinno-Ugrian Philology, Finno-Ugrian

Studies / Finnisch-ugrische Philologie,FinnougristikFire Control and Protection / BrandschutzFisheries Management and Aquaculture /Fischwirtschaft und Gewässerbewirtschaf-tungFolk Music / VolksmusikFood and Agribusiness/Agronomy /Lebensmittel und AgrarwirtschaftFood and Resource Economics /Lebensmittel- und RessourcenwirtschaftFood Chemistry / Lebensmittelchemie





German Studies, Culture and Communi-cation / Germanistik, Kultur und Kommu-nikationGerman Studies, German Philology /

Germanistik, Deutsche PhilologieGerman-French Studies /Deutsch-Französische StudienGerman-Italian Studies /Deutsch-Italienische StudienGerontology / GerontologieGlass Design / GlasgestaltungGlobal Brand Management / Globales

MarkenmanagementGlobal Horticulture / Globale Gartenbau-wissenschaftGlobal Industrial Management / GlobalesIndustriemanagementGlobal Political Economy / Globale Volks-wirtschaftslehreGlobal Studies / GlobalwissenschaftenGlobal Technology Management /

Globales TechnologiemanagementGoldsmithing and Silversmithing /Gold- und SilberschmiedenGovernance / Politische Steuerung undKoordinationGovernance & Public Policy / Staats-wissenschaftenGraphic Design / GrafikdesignGraphics / Grafik

Greek Philology / Griechische Philologie,Gräzistik

HHazard Control / Hazard ControlHealth and Nursing Management /Gesundheits- und PflegemanagementHealth and Nutrition / Gesundheit undErnährung

Health and Social Management /Gesundheits- und SozialwirtschaftHealth and Social Services / Gesundheits-und Sozialwesen

Health Economy/Management /GesundheitswirtschaftHealth Insurance Management / Kranken-versicherungsmanagementHealth Management / Gesundheits-managementHealth Promotion / GesundheitsförderungHealth Sciences / Gesundheitswissen-

schaftenHealth System – Technical MedicalStudies / Gesundheitswesen – TechnischeMedizinwirtschaftHearing Acoustics / HörakustikHearing Aid Technology and Audiology /Hörtechnik und AudiologieHistorical Music Instruments /Historische Musikinstrumente

History / Geschichte, Geschichts-wissenschaftHistory and Culture in Africa / Geschichteund Kultur in AfrikaHistory of Eastern and South EasternEurope / Geschichte Ost- undSüdosteuropasHistory of Latin America / GeschichteLateinamerikas

History of Science / Wissenschafts-geschichteHistory of South Asia / GeschichteSüdasiensHistory of the Early Modern Age /Geschichte der Frühen NeuzeitHistory of the Islamic Art / Geschichte derIslamischen KunstHistory of the Natural Sciences and Tech-nology / Geschichte der Naturwissenschaftund TechnikHistory, Ancient / Geschichte, alte





Mechanical Engineering – Computer-aidedEngineering / Maschinenbau – ComputerAided EngineeringMechanical Engineering – Design Tech-

niques / Maschinenbau – Konstruktions-technikMechanical Engineering – Developmentand Design / Maschinenbau – Entwick-lung und KonstruktionMechanical Engineering – Energy Engi-neering / Maschinenbau – EnergietechnikMechanical Engineering – Facilities En-

gineering / Maschinenbau – TechnischeGebäudeausrüstungMechanical Engineering – ProductDevelopment and Technical Planning /Maschinenbau – Produktentwicklung undTechnische PlanungMechanical Engineering – ProductionEngineering / Maschinenbau – Produk-tionstechnik, Fertigungstechnik

Mechanical Engineering – RenewableEnergies / Maschinenbau – ErneuerbareEnergienMechanical Engineering – TechnicalDesign / Maschinenbau – TechnischesDesignMechanical Engineering – Textile andClothing Technology / Maschinenbau –Textil- und Konfektionstechnik

Mechanical Engineering and Mechatro-nics / Maschinenbau und MechatronikMechanical Engineering and Plant Engi-neering / Maschinen- und AnlagenbauMechanical Engineering and ProcessEngineering / Maschinenbau und Prozess-technik, VerfahrenstechnikMechanical Engineering with AppliedComputer Science / Maschinenbau mitangewandter InformatikMechanical Engineering with ComputerScience / Maschinenbauinformatik

Mechanical Systems – Production andQuality Management / Maschinentechnik– Produktions- und QualitätsmanagementMechanical Systems – Quality and Envi-

ronmental Management / Maschinentech-nik – Qualitäts- und UmweltmanagementMechanics (applied) / Mechanik(angewandte)Mechatronics (applied) / Mechatronik(angewandte)Media Art / MedienkunstMedia Computing, Media Information

Systems / MedieninformatikMedia Consulting, Media Consultancy /MedienberatungMedia Culture / MedienkulturMedia Design / Mediendesign, Medien-gestaltungMedia Economics/Management (applied) /Medienwirtschaft (angewandte)Media Education / Medienpädagogik

Media Engineering / MedientechnikMedia Management / MedienmanagementMedia Production / MedienproduktionMedia Publishing / MediapublishingMedia Research, Applied Media / Medien-forschung, MedienpraxisMedia Studies (applied) / Medienwissen-schaft (angewandte)Media, audio-visual / Audiovisuelle

MedienMedical and Biotechnical Engineering /Medizintechnik und BiotechnischesIngenieurwesenMedical and Nursing Education / Medizin-und PflegepädagogikMedical Biology / Medizinische BiologieMedical Biometry, Biostatistics /Medizinische Biometrie, BiostatistikMedical Computer Science and BiomedicalEngineering / Medizininformatik undBiomedizintechnik





Medical Documentation and Computing /Medizinische Dokumentation und Infor-matikMedical Economics / Medizinökonomie

Medical Engineering / Medizin-ingenieurwesen, MedizintechnikMedical History / MedizingeschichteMedical Informatics, Medical InformationSystems / MedizininformatikMedical Management / Medizin-Manage-mentMedical Physics / Medizinische Physik

Medicinal Chemistry / MedicinalChemistryMedicine / MedizinMedieval Studies / Mittelalterstudien,MediävistikMetallurgy / MetallurgieMetals Technology / MetalltechnikMeteorology / MeteorologieMetropolitan Studies / Metropolitan

StudiesMicro and Optical Systems Engineering /Mikro- und Opto-SystemtechnikMicrobiology / MikrobiologieMicroelectronics / MikroelektronikMicroengineering and Medical Enginee-ring / Mikrotechnik und MedizintechnikMicroengineering and Nanoengineering /Mikro- und Nanotechnik

Microstructures and Nanostructures /Mikro- und NanostrukturenMicrosystems Engineering /MikrosystemtechnikMicrotechnology / MikrotechnologieMicrowave Engineering / Mikrowellen-technikMime / PantomimeMine Surveying Geodesics /Markscheidewesen und GeodäsieMineral Resources Engineering / Rohstoff-ingenieurwesen

Mineralogy / MineralogieMining Engineering / BergtechnikModern China / Modernes ChinaModern Japan / Modernes Japan

Molecular Bioengineering/Biotechnology /Molekulare BiotechnologieMolecular Biology / Molekulare BiologieMolecular Life Sciences / MolekulareLebenswissenschaftenMongol Studies / MongolistikMultimedia / MultimediaMultimedia Engineering / Multimedia-

technikMultimedia, Virtual Reality / Multimediaund Virtuelle RealitätMuseum Studies, Museology / Museums-kunde, MuseologieMusic / MusikMusic Business / MusikbusinessMusic Instrument Making / Musik-instrumentenbau

Music Theatre / MusiktheaterMusic Theory / MusiktheorieMusic Therapy / MusiktherapieMusic, ancient / Musik, alteMusical / MusicalMusical Education / Musikerziehung,MusikpädagogikMusicology / Musikwissenschaft

N Nanostructure Engineering /NanostrukturtechnikNanostructure Sciences / Nanostruktur-wissenschaftNatural Sciences, applied / Naturwissen-schaften, angewandteNature Conservation / NaturschutzNautical Science / Nautik





Neo-Greek Studies, Modern GreekStudies / NeogräzistikNetwork Computing / Network ComputingNeurobiology / Neurobiologie

Neurosciences / NeurowissenschaftenNew Testament / Neues TestamentNorth American Studies / Nordamerika-studienNuclear Applications, Nuclear Enginee-ring, Nucleonics / KerntechnikNursing / PflegeNursing Care Management / Pflege-

managementNursing Education / PflegepädagogikNursing Studies / PflegewissenschaftNutritional and Domestic Science /Ernährungs- und HaushaltswissenschaftNutritional Science / Ernährungs-wissenschaft

OOceanography / OzeanographieOld Testament / Altes TestamentOnline Journalism / Online-JournalismusOnomastics (Study of the History of ProperNames) / Onomastik (Namenkunde)Opera / OperOphthalmology, Ophthalmic Optics/Dis-

pensing / Augenoptik, OptometrieOptical and Laser Engineering /Opto- und LasertechnikOptical Engineering and Image Process-ing / Optotechnik und BildverarbeitungOptics and Microwave Engineering /Opto- und MikrowellentechnikOptoelectronics, Optical Electronics /OptoelektronikOptoengineering, Optical Engineering /Optotechnik

Optometry / Vision Science / Optometrie /Vision ScienceOrganic Food Chain Management /Organic Food Chain Management

Orthopaedic and Rehabilitation Enginee-ring/Equipment/Technology /Orthopädie- und Rehatechnik

P Packaging Design and Marketing /

Verpackungsdesign und MarketingPackaging Technology / Verpackungs-technikPainting / MalereiPaleoanthropology / PaläoanthropologiePaper Technology / PapiertechnologiePapyrology / PapyrologiePatent Engineering / Patentingenieur-wesen

Patholinguistics / PatholinguistikPeace and Conflict Studies / Friedens- undKonfliktforschungPeace Research and InternationalPolitics / Friedensforschung und Interna-tionale PolitikPersian Studies / Iranistik, IrankundePersonnel Management / Personal-management

Petroleum Engineering / Erdöl-, Erdgas-technikPharmaceutical and Chemical Engi-neering / Pharma- und ChemietechnikPharmaceutical Biotechnology /Pharmazeutische BiotechnologiePharmaceutical Chemistry /Pharmazeutische ChemiePharmaceutical Engineering /PharmatechnikPharmacy / PharmaziePhilology, Classical / Klassische Philologie





Philology, Dutch / NiederländischePhilologie, NiederlandistikPhilology, Early German / Ältere deutschePhilologie

Philology, Eastern Slavic / OstslavischePhilologie, OstslavischPhilology, French / FranzösischePhilologie, FranzösischPhilology, Friesian / Friesische PhilologiePhilology, Gallo-Romance / Gallo-romanische Philologie, GalloromanistikPhilology, German / Deutsche Philologie,

GermanistikPhilology, Islamic, Islamic Science /Islamische Philologie, IslamkundePhilology, Italian, Italian Studies /Italienische Philologie, ItalianistikPhilology, Modern German / Neueredeutsche PhilologiePhilology, Nordic / Nordische PhilologiePhilology, Oriental (Oriental Studies) /

Orientalische Philologie, OrientalistikPhilology, Persian / Indoiranische Philo-logiePhilology, Polish / Polnische Philologie,PolonistikPhilology, Portuguese / PortugiesischePhilologiePhilology, Romance; Romance Studies /Romanische Philologie, Romanistik

Philology, Russian; Russian Studies /Russische Philologie, RussistikPhilology, Semitic; Semitic Studies /Semitische Philologie, SemitistikPhilology, Slavic; Slavic Studies / SlavischePhilologie, SlavistikPhilology, Southern Slavic; Southern SlavicStudies / Südslavische Philologie Südsla-vistikPhilology, Spanish; Hispanic Studies /Spanische Philologie, Hispanistik

Philology, Western Slavic; Western SlavicStudies / Westslavische Philologie, West-slavistikPhilosophy / Philosophie

Philosophy & Economics/Business /Philosophie und WirtschaftPhilosophy of the Natural Sciences /Philosophie der NaturwissenschaftenPhonetics / PhonetikPhonetics and Digital Language Process-ing / Phonetik und Digitale Sprachverar-beitung

Photogrammetry and Geoinformatics /Photogrammetrie und GeoinformatikPhotography / FotografiePhotonics / Photonik (Optoelektronik)Physical Electronics / PhysikalischeElektronikPhysical Engineering / PhysikalischeTechnikPhysical Geography / Physische Geographie

Physics (applied) / Physik (angewandte)Physiotherapy / PhysiotherapiePlant and Process Engineering /Anlagen- und VerfahrenstechnikPlastics and Elastomer Engineering /Kunststoff- und ElastomertechnikPlastics Engineering / KunststofftechnikPolicy Management, Political Manage-ment / Politikmanagement

Political Communication / PolitischeKommunikationPolitical Education / Politische BildungPolitical Science of South Asia / PolitischeWissenschaft SüdasiensPolitics, Political Science / Politologie,PolitikwissenschaftPolitics and Economics / Politik undWirtschaftPolitics and Law / Politik und RechtPolitics and Organisation / Politik undOrganisation





Singing Education / GesangspädagogikSinology / SinologieSocial and Economic History / Sozial- undWirtschaftsgeschichte

Social and Health Journalism / Sozial- undGesundheitsjournalismusSocial Behavioural Science / SozialeVerhaltenswissenschaftenSocial Economics / SozialökonomieSocial Economy / SozialwirtschaftSocial Ethics / SozialethikSocial Law / Sozialrecht

Social Management / SozialmanagementSocial Policy / SozialpolitikSocial Psychology and Social Anthro-pology / Sozialpsychologie und Sozial-anthropologieSocial Sciences / SozialwissenschaftenSocial Security Management / Sozial-versicherungsmanagementSocial Theology / Sozialtheologie

Social Work, Social Work and Education /Sozialarbeit, Sozialpädagogik, Sozialwesen,Soziale ArbeitSocial Work with the Elderly / Sozialarbeitmit alten Menschen (Geragogik)Sociology / SoziologieSoftware Engineering / SoftwaretechnikSound and Image Engineering / Ton- undBildtechnik

South Asian Studies / SüdasienstudienSouth East Asian Studies / Südostasien-wissenschaftenSouth Eastern European Studies / Südost-europastudienSpecial Needs Education / Sonder-pädagogikSpecial Needs Education, Inclusive Educa-tion, Curative Education / HeilpädagogikSpecialist Communication, TechnicalCommunication / Fachkommunikation

Specialist Interpreting for Courts, Compa-nies and Authorities / Fachdolmetschenfür Gerichte, Unternehmen und BehördenSpecialist Journalism / Fachjournalistik

Specialist Translating / FachübersetzenSpeech Science / SprechwissenschaftSpeech Training / SprecherziehungSport / Sport, SportwissenschaftSport and Technology / Sport und TechnikSports and Event Management /Sport- und VeranstaltungsmanagementSports Economics / Sportökonomie

Sports Education / SportpädagogikSports Management / SportmanagementSports Medicine / SportmedizinSports Therapy / SporttherapieSports Tourism and Recreation Manage-ment / Sporttourismus und Erholungsma-nagementStage and Set Design / BühnenbildStage Costume Design / Bühnenkostüm

Stage Dance / BühnentanzStatistics / StatistikStreet Children Education / Straßenkinder-pädagogikStructural Engineering / KonstruktiverIngenieurbauStructural Steel and Metal Engineering /Stahl- und MetallbauStructural Wood Engineering and Interior

Fitting / Holzbau und AusbauSurface and Materials Recycling /Flächen- und StoffrecyclingSurveying / VermessungswesenSwahili Studies / Swahili-StudienSystems Engineering / SystemtechnikSystems Engineering and EngineeringCybernetics / Systemtechnik und Tech-nische KybernetikSystems Science, applied / Systemwissen-schaft, angewandte





TTax and Economic/Commercial/CompanyLaw / Steuer- und WirtschaftsrechtTaxation / SteuerwesenTaxation and Auditing / Steuerlehre undWirtschaftsprüfungTechnical Biology / Technische BiologieTechnical Business Administration /Technische BetriebswirtschaftslehreTechnical Computing / Technische

InformatikTechnical Cybernetics / TechnischeKybernetikTechnical Design Engineering /KonstruktionstechnikTechnical Editing / Technische RedaktionTechnical Environmental Protection /Technischer UmweltschutzTechnical Management – Production

Engineering / Technische Betriebswirt-schaft – ProduktionstechnikTechnical Management – Resources /Technische Betriebswirtschaft – RohstoffeTechnical Orthopaedics / TechnischeOrthopädieTechnical Physics / Technische PhysikTechnical Polymers/EngineeringPolymers / Technische Polymere

Technological Mathematics /TechnomathematikTechnology Journalism / Technik-journalismusTechnology Management / Technologie-managementTechnology of Biological Resources /Technologie biologischer RohstoffeTechnology of Cosmetics and Detergents / Technologie der Kosmetika und WaschmittelTelecommunications (Engineering) /Telekommunikationstechnik

Telecommunications and InformationTechnology / Telekommunikation undInformationstechnikTelematics / Telematik

Television Journalism / FernsehpublizistikTextile and Clothing Engineering /Textil- und BekleidungstechnikTextile and Clothing Management /Textil- und BekleidungsmanagementTextile and Leather Engineering /Textil- und LedertechnikTextile Design / Textildesign

Textile Engineering / TextiltechnikTextile Management / TextilmanagementTextile, Fashion and Costume Design /Textil-, Mode- und KostümdesignThai Studies / ThaiistikTheatre and Media Studies / Theater- undMedienwissenschaftTheatre Education / TheaterpädagogikTheatre Engineering / Theatertechnik

Theatre Studies / TheaterwissenschaftTheology, Catholic / Theologie, katholischeTheology, Islamic / Theologie, islamischeTheology, Old Catholic / Theologie,altkatholischeTheology, Orthodox / Theologie, orthodoxeTheology, Protestant / Theologie,evangelischeTheoretical Physics / Theoretische Physik

Therapy Studies / TherapiewissenschaftTibetan studies / TibetologieTotal Facility Management / Total FacilityManagementTourism Management / Tourismus-managementTourism-, Event- and Hospitality Manage-ment / Tourismus-, Event- und Hospitali-tymanagementToy and Teaching Aids Design / Spiel- undLernmitteldesign





This “Alphabetical Index of Degree Courses” also uses information from the website:www.studying-in-germany.de. These data have been kindly made available to the DAADby the German Rectors’ Conference.





The DAAD is a joint organisation of Ger-

many’s higher education institutions andis responsible for promoting internationalacademic relations, primarily throughthe exchange of students, academics andresearchers. Its programmes are generallyopen to all disciplines and all countriesand equally benefit foreigners and Ger-mans.

The DAAD also supports the internationalactivities of Germany’s higher educationinstitutions by providing a number of services. These include information andpublication programmes, marketing, con-sultancy, support and guidance services,plus an increasing number of institutionalprogrammes that serve to raise the inter-

national profile and worldwide appeal of Germany’s higher education institutions.

And, finally, the DAAD advises the Ger-man government on the formation of itspolicies in the fields of international cul-tural relations and academic relations atEuropean and international level, as wellas on questions of national higher educa-

tion and development cooperation.

The predecessor to the German AcademicExchange Service, the “Austauschdienstder Hochschulen”, was first establishedin 1925 in response to an initiative in aca-demic circles. It was dissolved in 1945 andnewly established in 1950 as a registeredassociation under private law.

The DAAD’s full members are – on

application – the higher education institu-tions represented in the German Rectors’Conference (Hochschulrektorenkonferenz– HRK) and the student bodies of theseinstitutions. In April 2008, DAAD mem-bership numbered 229 higher educationinstitutions and 127 student bodies, withall the various types of higher education

institutions represented.

Five strategic objectives give the

various DAAD programmes their

long-term orientation:

1. Scholarships for foreigners:

To promote studies and research byoutstanding young foreign students and

academics at German universities andresearch institutes.

2. Scholarships for Germans:

To promote young German profession-als in their studies and research abroad(including ERASMUS).

3. Internationalising the higher educa-

tion institutions:

To raise the appeal of Germany’s highereducation institutions (including market-ing and funding to raise the internationaldimension of German higher education).

4. Supporting German studies and the

German language abroad:

To promote German language and cultureand encourage a knowledge of and interestin Germany as part of the process of globalcultural exchange.

Goals, Roles and Programmes of the DAAD




Goals, Roles and Programmes of the DAAD 231

5. Educational cooperation with devel-

oping countries:

To promote higher education developmentin developing and reforming countries as

means of supporting their economic anddemocratic reform processes.

The DAAD also performs a number of special responsibilities that aim to encour-

age and fund Europe-wide mobility by stu-dents, academics and professionals. TheDAAD is the so-called “national agency”for the EU ERASMUS programme and an

information centre for ERASMUS Mun-dus, Europass, TEMPUS / cooperationbetween EU and non-EU countries and theBologna process.





Study and Research Opportunities

www.study-in.de

Information on the German higher educa-tion system and on studying in Germany,on German research, and on the fundingopportunities offered by the DAAD andother organisations (search engine), onlearning German, on summer schools and

courses, on language tests, and, of course,on living in Germany in general.

www.daad.de/international

-programmes

Detailed information about interna-tional bachelor, master and doctoral pro-grammes in Germany.

www.higher-education-compass.deInformation on and links to all higher edu-cation institutions in Germany, informa-tion on the first and (post)graduate studiesthey offer, on doctoral study opportunitiesand on the international co-operationagreements maintained by Germany’shigher education institutions.

www.studienwahl.de

The website of this brochure contains pro-files of all degree course subjects offered inGermany along with a list of higher educa-tion institutions offering these programmesincluding details on university towns.

www.summerschools.de

Many German universities run summerschools. Besides courses on German lan-guage, the range of programmes is grow-ing in all subject areas.

Admission

www.daad.de/admission

Information about admission to studiesat German higher education institutionsfor foreign undergraduates, graduates anddoctoral candidates.

www.uni-assist.de

uni-assist processes an application foradmission to German higher educationinstitutions for a fee of 30.00 to 55.00euros, as long as the higher educationinstitution in question is a uni-assist co-operation partner.

www.inobis.de

Information on application for admission

to a German higher education institutionfor foreigners (German language only).

www.testas.de

TestAS (Test for Academic Studies) is acentral standardised aptitude test for for-eign students. Many German universitiesinclude this aptitude test in their admis-sion procedure and add the TestAS result

to their requirements as from 2007 or2008.

www.anabin.de

Information system on the recognition of foreign educational certificates and degreesin Germany (German language only).

www.studienkollegs.de

Preparatory courses (“Studienkollegs”)prepare foreign students for the “Feststel-lungsprüfung”, a test to assess their

Where to find more information




Where to find more information 233

suitability for university study (Germanlanguage only).

Costs and Funding

www.daad.de/costs

General information on costs for studyingin Germany and up-to-date information ontuition fees of German universities.

www.funding-guide.de

In addition to providing information onDAAD scholarships, the DAAD data basealso lists funding opportunities for inter-national students, graduates and postdocsoffered by other organisations. The DAADhas selected a total of about 100 fundingopportunities offered by more than60 organisations.

Higher Education System

www.daad.de/deutschland/

hochschulen/00413.de.html

Information on the German higher educa-tion system: types of universities, figures,picture galleries etc.

www.university-ranking.de

The most comprehensive and detailed uni-versity ranking in Germany. The DAADpresents the English version “UniversityRanking” on its website.

General Information on Germany

www.deutschland.de

Official and independent web-based portalof the Federal Republic of Germany.

www.young-germany.de

Information on career opportunities, inno-vative developments in research and sci-ence and on trends, lifestyle and the every-day life of young people in Germany.

www.facts-about-germany.de

Information on Germany and its people,on the system of government, on sociallife, on the political forces and develop-ments, on the economy, business andindustry and on Germany’s cultural diver-

sity.

Entry, Employment, Insurance

www.auswaertiges-amt.de

The website of the Federal Foreign Officeis the first place to look for answers to allquestions about entering Germany.

www.daad.de/deutschland/download

The DAAD offers two detailed informationsheets, one on the Entry and ResidenceProvisions and one on the EmploymentProvisions relating to foreign students,academics and researchers.

www.internationale-studierende.de

Practical tips and information for for-eign students on topics like how to enterGermany, on accommodation, healthinsurance, tuition fees, matriculation andregistration, residence permits or jobbing.

www.deutsche-sozialversicherung.de

The website explains the five pillars of the German social insurance system: thestatutory insurance types (illness/health,accident, unemployment, nursing careand old age).





Learn German

www.learn-german.net

Detailed information on schools and insti-tutes offering German language courses,on online learning methods, on fundingorganisations, and an overview of all therecognised German language tests andqualifications.

www.testdaf.de

TestDaF is the central, standardised Test

of German as a Foreign Language (Testfür Deutsch als Fremdsprache) modelledon the US Test of English as a ForeignLanguage (TOEFL).

www.goethe.de

The Goethe Institute with its 147 institutesworldwide is responsible for teaching andspreading knowledge about German lan-

guage and culture.

Contact

www.daad.de/aaa

Adresses of the International Offices atGerman universities. The InternationalOffice (Akademisches Auslandsamt –AAA) is the first point of contact if youwant to study in Germany.

www.daad.de/offices

Addresses and links to all worldwideDAAD branch offices and information

centres.

www.daad.de/dany

The DAAD virtual advisor answers ques-tions about studying in Germany at onceand 24 hours a day. And he shows youwhere to find more helpful information.

www.goethe.de

(see above)

www.auswaertiges-amt.de

(see above)



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