TOPICDESIGN AND FABRICATION OF COMPACT

HOUSEHOLD WATER TREATMENT SYSTEM FOR FLUORIDE REMOVAL

TEAM MEMBERS

Dayal Kurian VargheseAnandu Aravind

Arshik KMeera S Prasad

1

OBJECTIVES To identify fluoride affected areas in Kerala.

Collection and analysis of water samples

To evaluate the effectiveness of bio-adsorbents for the removal of fluoride .

To fabricate a compact household water treatment system

2

DATA COLLECTION As per National Rural Drinking Water Programme(NRDWP), Fluoride

concentration in water is more in Alapuzha and Palakkadu

Sociol survey is conducted in Panchayat Ambalapuzha(N), Ambalapuzha(S),and Purakkad

19%

33%

48%

Fluride in drinking water(%)

Purakkadu Ambalapuzha(N)Ambalapuzha(S)

Base on colour of water

Panchayath Fluride(%)Purakkadu 40Ambalapuzha(N) 69.23Ambalapuzha(S) 100

31

SAMPLE COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS

Samples were collected from different places of Ambalapuzha.

PARAMETER SAMPLE 1Mg/l

SAMPLE 2Mg/l

SAMPLE 3Mg/l

SAMPLE 4Mg/l

PERMISSIBLE LIMIT mg/l

PH 6.56 6.58 6.55 6.95 6.5-8.5

FLUORIDE 1.3 1.57 1.7 2.75 1.5

HARDNESS 160 120 170 250 500

TURBIDITY 8 7 6 9 10

CHLORIDE 27.5 25 50 270 250

TOTAL SOLIDS

300 270 320 350 500

41

FABRICATED MODEL

5

SAMPLE NO.

DEPTH OF ADSORBENT BED cm

CONTACT TIME

minutes

INITIAL FLUORIDE CONC. Mg/l

FINAL FLUORIDE CONC.Mg/l

FLUORIDE REMOVAL EFFICIENCY %

1 3 30 10 0.26 97.4

2 3 60 10 0.41 95.9

3 3 120 10 0.65 93.5

4 4 30 10 0.19 98.1

5 4 60 10 0.35 96.5

6 4 120 10 0.64 93.6

7 5 30 10 0.17 98.3

8 5 60 10 0.33 96.7

9 5 120 10 0.62 93.8

20 40 60 80 100 120 14091

92

93

94

95

96

97

98

99

BED DEPTH 3 cm

BED DEPTH 4 cm

BED DEPTH 5 cm

FLU

OR

IDE

REM

OV

AL

EFFI

-C

IEN

CY

(%)

STUDIES ON MORINGA OLEIFERA(MO) SEED POWDER

Moringa oleifera seeds Moringa oleifera de-husked seed kernels

Moringa oleifera seed powder

6

SAMPLE NO.

DEPTH OF ADSORBET BED cm

CONTACT TIME

minutes

INITIAL FLUORIDE CONC. Mg/l

FINAL FLUORIDE CONC.Mg/l

FLUORIDE REMOVAL EFFICIENCY %

1 3 30 10 1.2 88.0

2 3 60 10 1.28 87.2

3 3 120 10 1.34 86.6

4 4 30 10 1.23 87.7

5 4 60 10 1.35 86.5

6 4 120 10 1.39 86.1

7 5 30 10 1.12 88.8

8 5 60 10 1.22 87.8

9 5 120 10 1.30 87.0

20 40 60 80 100 120 14084.5

85

85.5

86

86.5

87

87.5

88

88.5

89

89.5

BED DEPTH 3 cm

BED DEPTH 4 cm

BED DEPTH 5 cm

FLU

OR

IDE

REM

OV

AL

EFFI

CIE

NC

Y (%

)

STUDIES ON RICE HUSK ACTIVATED CHARCOAL(RHAC)

RICE HUSK (BEFORE ACTIVATION)

RICE HUSK ACTIVATED CHARCOAL

7

SAMPLE NO.

DEPTH OF ADSORBENT BED cm

CONTACT TIME

minutes

INITIAL FLUORIDE CONC. Mg/l

FINAL FLUORIDE CONC.Mg/l

FLUORIDE REMOVAL EFFICIENCY %

1 3 30 10 3.6 64

2 3 60 10 4.23 57.7

3 3 120 10 4.36 56.4

4 4 30 10 3.25 67.5

5 4 60 10 4.00 60

6 4 120 10 4.30 57

7 5 30 10 3.54 64.6

8 5 60 10 4.2 58

9 5 120 10 4.4 56

20 40 60 80 100 120 1400

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

BED DEPTH 3 cm

BED DEPTH 4 cm

BED DEPTH 5 cm

FLUORIDE REMOVAL EFFICIENCY Vs TIME

TIME (MIN-UTES)

FLU

OR

IDE

REM

OV

AL

EFF

ICIE

NC

Y (%

)

COMPARISON OF REMOVAL EFFICIENCIES OF ADSORBENTS

20 40 60 80 100 120 1400

20

40

60

80

100

120

VETIVER

MO

RHA

FLU

OR

IDE

RE-

MO

VA

L EF

FI-

CIE

NC

Y(%

)

STUDIES ON ACTIVATED VETIVER ROOT

VETIVER ROOT

81

SAMPLE NO.

CONTACT TIME

minutes

INITIAL Fl CONC. Mg/l

FINAL Fl CONC.Mg/l

Fl REMOVAL EFFICIENCY %

1 10 10 3.6 642 20 10 3.45 65.53 30 10 2.75 72.54 40 10 3.3 675 50 10 3.65 63.5

STUDIES ON COMPOSITE FILTER BED

Initial fluoride concentration 10 mg/l ,Bed depth:4 cm,85% RHA & 15% MO.

SAMPLE NO.

CONTACT TIME minutes

INITIAL FLUORIDE CONC. Mg/l

FINAL FLUORIDE CONC.Mg/l

FLUORIDE REMOVAL EFFICIENCY( %)

1 10 10 1.3 87

2 20 10 1.25 87.5

3 30 10 0.95 90.5

4 40 10 1.2 88

5 50 10 1.45 85.5

Initial fluoride concentration 10 mg/l,Bed depth:4cm,65% RHA & 35%MO.

91

STUDIES ON COMPOSITE FILTER BED

0 10 20 30 40 50 600

102030405060708090

100

FLUORIDE REMOVAL EFFICIENCY Vs TIME

MO-15%,RHA-85%MO-25%,RHA-75%MO-35%,RHA-65%

TIME(MINUTES)

FLUR

IDE

REM

OVA

L EF

-FI

CIEN

CY(%

)

So optimum bed depth is fixed as 4 cm. So MO:RHA is taken as 1:3 by 4cm bed width. Optimum time is fixed as 30 minutes ,corresponding fluoride removal

efficiency is 90%

SAMPLE NO.

CONTACT TIME

minutes

INITIAL Fl CONC. Mg/l

FINAL Fl CONC.Mg/l

FLUORIDE REMOVAL EFFICIENCY %

1 10 10 1.7 832 20 10 1.52 84.83 30 10 1 904 40 10 1.4 865 50 10 1.65 83.5

Initial concentration 10 mg/l ,Bed depth:4cm,75% RHA & 25% MO.

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 5578

80

82

84

86

88

90

92

FLUORIDE REMOVAL EFFICIENCY Vs TIME

MO-25%,RHA-75%

TIME(MINUTES)

REM

OVA

L EF

FICI

ENCY

(%)

101

STUDIES ON COMPOSITE FILTER BED

Effect of fluoride removal efficiency in the presence of chloride.

Initial fluoride concentration 10 mg/l ,Bed depth:4cm, 75% RHA & 25% MO, Detention time:30 minutes.

SAMPLE NO.

INITIAL CHLORIDE CONC.Mg/l

INITIAL FLUORIDE CONC. Mg/l

FINAL FLUORIDE CONC.Mg/l

FINAL CHLORIDE CONC.Mg/l

FLUORIDE REMOVAL EFFICIENCY %

CHLORIDE REMOVAL EFFICIENCY%

1 100 10 1.35 82.5 86.5 212 300 10 1.8 184.6 82 38.463 500 10 1.65 330.5 83.5 33.97

111

CONCLUSION

Identified fluoride affected areas in Kerala. Evaluated the effectiveness of bio-adsorbents such as MO, RHA ,Vertiver

for the removal of fluoride.

Composite filter bed of 4cm thick consist of 75% RHA &25% MO was designed.

Optimum time was fixed as 30 minutes for a fluoride removal efficiency of 90%.

Fabricated a compact household water treatment system for fluoride removal.

12