definition of surveying

UNELLEZ VIPI SUB PROYECTO INGLÉS INSTRUMENTAL

PROGRAMA INGENIERIA ARQUITECTURA Y TECNOLOGIA

Prof. Heglé Herrera

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Definition Surveying.

It is the science and technique of measurements of angles and distances in

extensions ground sufficiently small to be able to neglect the effect of the curvature

Earth, then process them and get coordinates of points, directions,

elevations, areas or volumes, in graphical and / or numerical form, as required

work.

Topography within the study of instruments used by it is included, its

operating principles, components and operation. Theory is also studied error, since

in many surveying certain values of accuracy required in the results, values which

in turn determine the methods and accuracy of instruments used in the project.

Surveying Division.

The various components that make up the topography are grouped into

three groups distinct:

Error Theory and calculation of compensation: is the grouping of methods

mathematical connection to minimize the inevitable errors in the measurements,




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and also help establish appropriate methods and instruments used in various

surveying, for maximum quality in the same.

Instrumentation: in this division the different types of used equipment are

studied in topography to perform measurements, angles or distances, to establish

their operating principles, to carry out maintenance and achieve optimal use

Topographic Methods: The set of operations required to obtain the projection

Horizontal and the coordinates of the points measured in the field. Generally

projections horizontal are calculated independently of the coordinates of the points,

differing then into two groups: planimetric methods.

Altimetry methods. The mapping, which includes the planimetric methods only

take into account the projection the land on an imaginary horizontal plane that is

supposed to mean surface of the Earth.

Altimetry, altimetry grouping methods, taking into account the differences in

level existing between different ground points [Torres, A., E. 2001. Villate].

For the preparation of a topographic map, it is necessary to know both the

planning as altimetry to determine the position and elevation of each point on the

ground that will be represented.

Topography relationship with other sciences.

Currently, the topography is encompassed within the Geodesy, which is

known also the name of common geodesy [Wahl, 1964]. Within this general

science, composed of various disciplines, topography interacts with them, primarily

to:

- Mapping: topographic surveys required for production and cartographic

updating for different purposes.

- Photogrammetry: as a basis for controlling photographs and

photogrammetric models.




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- Geodesy: for densification of geodetic networks for control cadastral

surveys, oil locations etc.

- Geodetic Astronomy.

Importantly, the topography is a valuable tool from the point of view the law

as it is used to determine boundaries between properties and between

administrative areas of the nation.

Difference between surveying and geodesy.

You need to make a small clarification to decouple two sciences that have

more or less the same purpose: to measure tracts of land. These two sciences

differ as to the quantities concerned in each and therefore in methods used.

Topography operates on small portions of land, not taking into account the

true shape of the Earth, but considering the Earth's surface as a plane.

In mistake with this hypothesis is negligible when it comes to extensions not

are too large, considering a bow in the land area of 18 km of length is only 1.5

longer than the string subtended cm, and it just makes a

Error 1 "spherical excess in a triangle that has an area of 190 km2. When it

comes to measuring large tracts of land, for example, to make the letter of a

country, a state or a large city, you can not accept approach that gives the

topography, taking time to consider the true shaped Earth and therefore its surface

is no longer considered a plane but are taken as part of the surface of an ellipsoid

and we have to go to geodesy.

definition of surveying

Engineering