defining sustainable practices dorothy gerring associate professor architecture pennsylvania college...
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Defining Sustainable Practices
Dorothy GerringAssociate Professor Architecture
Pennsylvania College of Technology
“It is not necessary to change. Survival is not mandatory.”
-W. Edwards Deming
Sustainability:
The ability to meet our needs while preserving the ability of future generations
to meet their needs.
Where we live.
Earth from space:satellite DIRECTV 85:30pm ESTNovember 13, 2006Earth and Moon ViewerThe Living Earth®, NASA Johnson Space Center
The image above shows how our galaxy might look if viewed from one of our nearest-
neighbour galaxies. The approximate location of our solar system within the galaxy is also
shown. Of course, this isn't an actual picture of our galaxy, it is an image taken by the Anglo Australian Telescope of NGC2997, a nearby
galaxy with a similar structure to our own.
What is your ecological footprint?http://ecofoot.org/
Food Footprint1.How often do you eat animal based products? (beef, pork, chicken, fish, eggs, dairy products)
• 2.How much of the food that you eat is processed, packaged and imported?
Goods Footprint3.Compared to people in your neighborhood, how much waste do you generate?
Shelter Footprint4.How many people live in your household?
• 5.What is the size of your home?• 6.Which housing type best describes your home?• 7.Do you have electricity in your home?
Mobility Footprint8.On average, how far do you travel on public transportation each week (bus, train, subway or ferry)?
• 9.On average, how far do you go by motorbike each week (as a driver or passenger)?
• 10.On average, how far do you go by car each week (as a driver or passenger)?
• 11.Do you bicycle, walk, or use animal power to get around?• 12.Approximately how many hours do you spend flying each year?• 13.How many liters per 100 kilometers does your car consume?• 14.How often do you drive in a car with someone else, rather than alone?
6,605,603,126 world population302,358,512 U.S. population
as of July 16, 2007 2:25pm EST
• Economic development• Social equity • Environmental degradation
Earth and Moon ViewerThe Living Earth®, NASA Johnson Space Center
WWF Living Planet Report 2006
http://www.census.gov/main/www/popclock.html
Greenhouse Effect
= Global Warming
= Climate Change
(Vital Climate Graphics Africa)
It’s all about the carbon cycle: (click on Effects tab and then scroll down to bottom to “Earth’s Thermostat”)
How much carbon dioxide are you and your products contributing?
Change is hard!• People adopt new
technology when the level of crisis is greater than the perceived pain of adopting the technology
• 5 steps: Denial, Anger, Bargaining, Depression, Acceptance
• New technology takes about 30 years to be integrated into society
Pip Coburn: The Change Function 2006
Test
U.S. Building Impacts:
12%Water Use
30%GreenhouseGas Emissions
65%WasteOutput
70%ElectricityConsumption
Test
Average Savings of Green Buildings
ENERGYSAVINGS
30%
CARBONSAVINGS
35%
WATERUSE
SAVINGS30-50%
WASTECOST
SAVINGS50-90%
Source:Capital E
Building in USA: looking to 2035
• 275 billion square feet of existing stock now
• Will tear down 52 billion square feet
• Will build 150 billion square feet
3/4 of built environment will be new or renovated space by 2035
Edward Mazria: http://architecture2030.org/
Photo Pittsburg Convention Center: http://blogs.pulver.com/jarnold/archives/Image461.jpg
Life Cycle & Embodied energyhttp://www.usc.edu/dept/architecture/mbs/tools/sbma/evalmet.html
http://www.energybulletin.net/14143.html
Achieving high performance buildings1. Design Planning and Innovation (low tech)
• Project Team: includes everyone from start• Goal Setting: must have benchmarks• Integrated Design: building envelope
(insulative value), passive solar, daylighting, natural ventilation, landscaping, material selection (http://architecture2030.org/regional_solutions/insulation.html)
2. Adding Technology (high tech)• Active solar (photovoltaics, solar water
heating), wind, geothermal, biomass & biofuels, hydroelectric
Measurement Tools & Helpful Sites• LEED: Leadership in Energy & Environmental Design—8 building types;
certified project; www.usgbc.org
• NAHB: Model Green Home Building Guidelines; voluntary; claims membership builds 80% housing stock and ½ of those homes will incorporate green design by end of 2007; www.nahb.org
• GGGC: Governor's Green Government Council; information, downloads, videos; www.gggc.state.pa.us
• PATH: Partnership for Advancing Housing Technology; specific product and technology information for high efficiency and healthy homes; www.pathnet.org
• RMI: Rocky Mountain Institute; Amory Lovins (a founder of the sustainability movement) has tons of information about practically everything; www.rmi.org
• Environmental Building News: the “Consumer Reports” of materials specification and performance; requires a subscription to access most of the site information; really the only unbiased reports currently in the marketplace; http://www.buildinggreen.com/
Test
What is the LEED System?
LEADERSHIP inENERGY andENVIRONMENTALDESIGN
A leading-edge system for certifyingDESIGN, CONSTRUCTION, & OPERATIONSof the greenest buildings in the world
Scores are tallied for different aspects of efficiency and design in appropriate categories.
For instance, LEED assesses in detail:
1. Site Planning2. Water Management3. Energy Management4. Material Use5. Indoor Environmental Air Quality6. Innovation & Design Process
Test
Levels of NAHB Ratings
White
Green Buildings worldwide are certified with a voluntary,consensus-based rating system. USGBC has four levels of LEED.
Test
LEED for new construction buildings
Distributionby geography
1-1920-4950-99100-199200+
94
91111
69
125
2582
4028 14
8
134
186480
22
23
57
19
66
18
73
10222
11
19
12079
11936
52
74
95
173
17433105
61 2712
9 (DE) 38 (DC)
23 (DE)
24 (NH)
5 (OK)
4
68AK=10HI=16PR=1
as of 07/06
2030 Challenge: architecture2030.org • All new buildings, developments and major
renovations shall be designed to meet a fossil fuel, GHG-emitting (greenhouse gas), energy consumption performance standard of 50% of the regional (or country) average for that building type (targets).
• At a minimum, an equal amount of existing building area shall be renovated annually to meet a fossil fuel, GHG-emitting, energy consumption performance standard of 50% of the regional (or country) average for that building type.
• The fossil fuel reduction standard for all new buildings shall be increased to:
– 60% in 201070% in 201580% in 202090% in 2025 Carbon-neutral in 2030 (using no fossil fuel GHG emitting energy to operate).
• These targets may be accomplished by implementing innovative sustainable design strategies, generating on-site renewable power and/or purchasing (20% maximum) renewable energy and/or certified renewable energy credits.
Take Action!10 years to reduce C02 emissions to
maintain 1oC global warming
Building sector contributes majority of GHG and uses most energy
Opportunity for HUGE positive impact by building green