define physical properties and list at least 3 examples p. 94
DESCRIPTION
DEFINE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND LIST AT LEAST 3 EXAMPLES P. 94. An observable property of matter that can be determined without changing the substance. Ex: color, density, luster, odor, BP, MP. HOW IS A PHYSICAL CHANGE DIFFERENT FROM A CHEMICAL CHANGE? P. 94. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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DEFINE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND LIST AT LEAST 3 EXAMPLES
P. 94
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An observable property of matter that can be determined without
changing the substance.
Ex: color, density, luster, odor, BP, MP
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HOW IS A PHYSICAL CHANGE DIFFERENT FROM A
CHEMICAL CHANGE?
P. 94
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In a physical change, the substance remains chemically
identical. In a chemical change, a new substance is formed.
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DEFINE CHEMICAL PROPERTIES.
P. 94
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Properties that require a change in the chemical
makeup to observe.Ex: flammability
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__________ __________, A RUSSIAN CHEMIST
PUBLISHED THE FIRST PERIODIC TABLE IN 1869.
P. 100
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Dimitry Mendeleev
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DEFINE PHYSICAL CHANGES AND LIST AT
LEAST 3 EXAMPLES.
P. 94
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A change results in the same substance in the end.
Ex: ripping paper, changing states of matter
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IN THE MODERN PERIODIC TABLE, ELEMENTS ARE PLACED IN SEQUENCE
ACCORDING TO ______________________.
P. 102
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Increasing atomic number
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DEFINE CHEMICAL CHANGES AND LIST AT LEAST 3 EXAMPLES.
P. 94
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Changes that result in the formation of a new substance with
different propertiesex: burning a piece of paper, frying an egg, food spoiling
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DEFINE PERIODS
P. 103
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The horizontal rows in the periodic table.
Properties are NOT similar in periods.
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DEFINE A GROUP (FAMILY) OF ELEMENTS.
P. 105
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Family or group:•Same number of electrons in outer (valence) shell
•Similar chemical properties
Period:Same number of energy levels
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IDENTIFY THE ATOMIC NUMBER AND THE AVERAGE
ATOMIC MASS OF THE ELEMENT BELOW
P. 104
7
N14.01
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Atomic # is 7Atomic Mass is 14.01
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STUDY YOUR PERIODIC TABLE – KNOW THE LOCATION OF THE
METALS, NON METAL AND METALLOIDS
-KNOW THE CHARGES ON THE ELEMENTS IN GROUPS 1A, 2A,
3A, 4A, 5A, 6A, 7A, 8A
(NOTES)
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+1 +2 +3 +/-4 -3 -2 -1 0
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STUDY YOUR ELEMENT FLASH CARDS FROM 1ST
QUARTER OR THE CHART ON P. 97 IN YOUR BOOK
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DESCRIBE THE PROPERTIES OF A
METAL
(NOTES)
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•Shiny 'metallic' appearance •Solids at room temperature (except mercury)
•High melting points •High densities
•Malleable •Ductile
•Thermal conductors •Electrical conductors
•Electron losers
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What are the rules for correctly writing a chemical
symbol.
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All have capital letters, some have a capital and a lowercase
letter
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Describe the properties of a non metal.
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•Poor thermal conductors •Poor electrical conductors
•Brittle solids •Little or no metallic luster
•Gain electrons easily •Most are gases at room temperature
•Vary in color
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Using your periodic table, predict the formula for the compound formed from
a. C and F d. Al and S
b. Ca and Br e. Fe+2 and O
c. K and CL f. Fe+3 and O
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CF4
CaBr2
KCl
Al2S3
FeOFe2O3
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Describe the properties of a metalloid.
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They have some properties of metals, some properties of
nonmetals
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What is the name of a compound formed when
A. Fe+2 combines with OB. Fe+3 combines with O
P 35
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Iron(II)Oxide
Iron(III)Oxide
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Cation Anion Formula
Mg+2 OH –
NH+4 NO 3 -
Ca+2 PO4 -3
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Cation Anion Formula
Mg+2 OH – Mg(OH)2
NH4+1 NO3 1 - NH4NO3
Ca+2 PO4 -3 Ca3(PO4)2
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How does a balanced equation reflect the Law of Conservation of
Matter?
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The number of individual atoms of elements on the reactant side must equal the number of atoms in the
product side
Matter can’t be created or destroyed
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Name the seven diatomic elements and correctly write their
symbols.
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H2, N2, O2, F2, Cl2, Br2, I2
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2 H2O ___________
^ ____________label the subscript and the coefficient.
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2 H2O Subscript
Coefficient
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CH4 + 2O2 ---> CO2 + 2H2O
In the above equation, the reactants are found on the _________ side while the products are found on the _________ side of the equation.
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In the above equation, the reactants are found on the
LEFT side while the products are found on the RIGHT side of
the equation.
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In Chemistry, a _______ is defined as a unit for counting
atoms and molecules.
P 135
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MOLE
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Complete an atom inventory for the Equation below and use it to
balance the equation. ___ C3H8+ ___O2 ---> ____CO2 + __H2O
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__ C3H8+ 5 O2 ---> 3 CO2 + 4 H2O3 C 38 H 8
10 O 6+4=10
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There are _____ x _____ particles in one mole of any
substance (Avogadro’s number.)
P 135
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There are 6.02x 1023 particles in one mole of any substance
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Find the molar mass of : A. N2
B. C2 H22 O11
C. CuFeS2
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N2 =14 x2= 28.0g/mole
C12H22O11=144 + 22+ 176=342g/mole
CuFeS2 =63.5+55.8+64.2= 183.5g/molr
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Define renewable resources
P 145
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Resources that are replenished readily by natural processes
ex: trees, animals, cotton
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Determine the % composition of Cu in CuFeS2.
P. 140
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63.55/183.54 x100%=34.62% Cu
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Define nonrenewable resources.
P 145
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Resources that are not easily replenished by nature, or take a long
time to replenishex: crude oil, natural gas, precious
metals
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Describe the composition of a U.S. penny
A. Pre- 1982B. Post- 1982
*Review your shrinking it rich labP 96
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Pre-1982=all CopperPost-1982= mainly Zinc with a
Copper coating
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Define recycling
P 146
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changing a product’s form to make a new product
ex: Al cans, glass
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Bldg Skills # 5 p.121Answer questions 1 a, b, c and 2
a, b, c,
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Define reusing
P 145
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Using a product for the same use or another use before it is
discardedex: coffee can as a pencil cup,
2L bottle bird feeder
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Define reducing P 145
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Cutting down on the amount of material used
ex: reducing thickness of Al cans and car doors, double
sided dittos
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A liquid is a state of matter that has definite ________ but no
______________________. It will take and
__________________________.
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A liquid is a state of matter that has definite volume but no
definite shape. It will take on the shape of its container
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What is a polyatomic ion ?P.33
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A ion (charged) made up of many atoms
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Define atomName the particles that make up an atom and their location in the
atom.P 32
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An atom is the smallest unit of an element that maintains that element’s properties
Proton=+1 charge, in the nucleusNeutron= 0charge, in the nucleusElectron=-1 charge, in the electron cloud around the nucleus
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Describe a suspensionP 25
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A heterogeneous mixture containing large particles that
settle to the bottom of a container.
Ex: Italian dressing
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How is an ion different from an atom? P 32
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An atom contains equal numbers of protons and electrons.
(no overall charge)
An ion has lost or gained electrons to become electrically charged.
(+ or -)
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Describe a colloidP 25
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A heterogeneous mixture that has small particles that don’t settle out
of the mixture.
It shows the Tyndall effectex: milk
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What is a cation? P 33
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A positively charged ion resulting from a LOSS of
electrons
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Describe a solutionP 25
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A homogeneous mixture that is uniform throughout, and appears as if it were one
substance. Ex: salt-water, cool-aid
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What is an anion? Pg 33
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A negatively charged ion that results from a GAIN of electrons
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What is the Tyndall effect and through which type of mixture can you
observe it?
Pg. 25
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Tyndall effect is the scattering of light by the particles in a mixture.
It determines a colloid
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In a solution, the __________ is the
dissolving agent, and the __________ is the
dissolved substance.
Pg. 45
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In a solution, the solvent is the dissolving agent,
and the solute is the dissolved substance.
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Describe a polar molecule.
Pg. 51
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A polar molecule has an uneven distribution of electrons that gives the molecule + and –
charged regions
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Practice making metric conversions. *Remember*
King Henry Died Monday Drinking Chocolate Milk.
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Water is a polar substance/solvent. This
means that water will dissolve _______.
Pg. 59
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Other polar or ionic substances
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Substances that do not dissolve in a polar solvent might be considered to be
_________. This means that they will dissolve in a __________ solvent.
Pg. 59
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Substances that do not dissolve in a polar solvent might be
considered to be NONPOLAR This means that they will dissolve in a NONPOLAR
solvent.
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Two examples of polar substances that will dissolve
in water are ___________ and _____________.
Pg. 59
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Rubbing alcohol and sugar
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Two examples of non-polar substances are
____________ and gasoline.
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Oil, kerosene, diesel
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Likes dissolve __________.
Pg. 59
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Like dissolves like
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What is the difference between direct and indirect
water use?
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Direct is seen water use.Ex: drinking water, bottles water,
washing your dishes
Indirect is unseen (behind the scenes) water use.
Ex: water to grow plants, water to cool machines in the creation of an
egg carton
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How is the worlds water supply distributed around the
planet?
Pg. 16
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OceansGlaciersGroundwaterLakesAtmosphereRivers
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Nature’s water purification system is called the ________
__________.
Pg. 70
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Hydrologic cycle or water cycle
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Describe the hydrologic cycle.
Pg. 71
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Four steps that repeat:Evaporation
CondensationPrecipitation
Runoff (Bacterial action and f)iltration
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Review the pH scale on pg. 57
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pH 1-7 =acidicpH 7= neutral
pH 7-14= basic
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Explain the steps of the water treatment process.
Pg. 72-73
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Screening-filtering
Pre-chlorination-kill bacteria
Flocculation-binds to particles
Settling-allow particles to settle out
Sand filtration-fine filtration
Post chlorination-prevent new bacteria
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What are THM’s and the problem associated with
them?
Pg. 74
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TrihalomethanesFormed by excessive chlorine
usage when they react with organic carbons
They cause cancer
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Describe hard water.
Pg. 76
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Water that contains Calcium, Iron, and Magnesium
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What is gray water?
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What is the formula for determining Density?
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D= mass/volume
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The density of H20 as a liquid is ________ and as a solid is
_________.
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The density of H20 as a liquid is 1.00g/ml and as a solid is less
dense than its liquid
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Practice reading a solubility curve.
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Air is a mixture of gases. Name the major and minor
components of air and the % of these molecules present.
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Air is a SOLUTION
N2 =78%O2 = 21%
Ar = less than 1% CO2 =less than 1%
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Name the 4 layers of the atmosphere from the ground
up.
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What are the properties of a gas?
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Air has massAir has volume
Air exerts pressure in all directions
Air pressure goes from high to low
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Define pressure and show the formula used to determine
pressure.
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Pressure is force per unit of area
P= F/A
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What is a force?
What is SI unit for measuring force?
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Force is a Push or Pull
Newtons
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What values represent standard pressure?
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760mmHg, 14.7 psi, 1.0atm…
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Explain the Kinetic Theory of Matter.
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The motion of a gas is fast and random
The motion of molecules and the spacing between molecules determines the state of matter
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Define temperature.
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Temp is a measure of molecular motion, when measured in
Kelvin
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What values represent (standard) temperature?
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0 Celsius or 273 Kelvin
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What is the SI unit for temperature?
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273 Kelvin
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According to Boyles Law, what is the relationship
between pressure and volume at a constant temperature?
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Pressure and volume are INVERSELY related
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How is Boyles Law stated mathematically?
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P1V1 = P2V2
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According to Charles Law, what is the relationship between volume and
temperature at a constant pressure?
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Volume and temperature are DIRECTLY related
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How is Charles Law stated mathematically?
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P1/V1 = P2/V2
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How is energy from the Sun transmitted to the Earth?
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As Electromagnetic Radiation (EM)
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Define photons.
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Bundles of light energy
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What is a wavelength?
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Distance between repeating parts of a wave
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Describe electromagnetic spectrum.
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A range of waves that carry varying amounts of energy from
the sun.
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Review the order of the electromagnetic spectrum
from highest energy to lowest energy.
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GammaX-Ray
UVVisible
IRMicrowave
Radio
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Define frequency
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The number of waves that pass a certain point in a second
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Name the four layers of the atmosphere.
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Define greenhouse effect.
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The trapping of IR radiation by the planet, allowing it to be re-
radiated after the sun goes down
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The increases in the % of CO2 in the Earth’s atmosphere is due to what (two) factors?
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DeforestationIndustrialization
Burning of fossil fuelsProduction of concrete
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Acid rain is defined as _____________________.
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Rain with a pH of below 7.
Produced through the combination of SOx with rain to
make sulfuric acid
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Acid rain is caused by sulfur oxides (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx). What is the
greatest producer ofA. SO2
B. NOx
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Industry is the major cause of each
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Earth has an ultraviolet shield high in the stratosphere. It is
called the ________ layer which consists of gaseous
____________ (O3).
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Earth has an ultraviolet shield high in the stratosphere. It is
called the OZONE layer which consists of gaseous OZONE
(O3).