deeply virtual compton scattering and meson production...

Deeply Virtual Compton Scatteringand Meson Production at JLab/CLAS

Hyon-Suk Jo

for the CLAS collaboration

IPN Orsay

PANIC 2011 – M.I.T. – Cambridge - July 25, 2011

19th Particles & Nuclei International Conference

• Introduction

• Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering (DVCS)

• Deeply Virtual Meson Production (DVMP)

• JLab 12GeV: DVCS/DVMP at CLAS12

• Conclusions

Hyon-Suk Jo PANIC 2011 - M.I.T. – Cambridge - July 24-29, 2011 July 25, 2011

Outline

H(x,,t), E(x,,t)

H(x,,t), E(x,,t)~ ~

H(x,,t), E(x,,t)

H(x,,t), E(x,,t)~ ~

“handbag” diagram (high Q2, small t, fixed xB)

DVCS DVMP

Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering (DVCS)

BHDVCSBHDVCS

BHDVCSBHDVCS

B

TTTTI

ITTTTdtddxdQ

d

**

222

2

4

with

interference term

GPDs+

BH fully calculable in QED

(epep) =+

2

DVCS and Bethe-Heitler (BH) experimentally undistinguishable

interference between the 2 processes

DVCS is the most straightforward, theoreticallycleanest reaction allowing to access the GPDs


ep ep

dddd

ddA LU

LU

:BSA

• Polarized beam, Unpolarized target

• Unpolarized beam, Longitudinally polarized target

• Unpolarized beam, Transversely polarized target

UT ~ cos Im{k(F2H – F1E) + ….. }d

= xB/(2-xB) k = t/4M2

LU ~ sin Im{F1H + (F1+F2)H -kF2E}d

~UL ~ sin Im{F1H+(F1+F2)(H + xB/2E) –kF2 E+…}d

~

e’

p’

e *

hadronic plane

leptonic plane

dxxx

txHtxHPRe qq

1

0

q

11),,(),,(

2

qe H

),,(),,(q tHtHIm qq 2

qe H

Proton Neutron

• Polarized beam, Longitudinally polarized target Re{Hp, Hp}~

Re{Hn, En, En}~

Im{Hp, Hp, Ep}

Im{Hn, Hn, En}

Im{Hp, Hp}

Im{Hn, En, En}

Im{Hp, Ep}

Im{Hn}

~

~

~

~

LL ~ (A+Bcos Re{F1H+(F1+F2)(H + xB/2E)…}d


~

~

Extracting GPDs from DVCS observables

CEBAF : Continuous Electron Beam Accelerator FacilityDuty cycle 100% Emax5.8 GeV Pmax80%

Hall BCLAS

detector in Hall B


Jefferson Lab (Newport News, Virginia, USA)

(CC)

(EC)

(DC)(SC)

e’

p’

CCEC

DC

SC

DVCS/BH photon not detected with CLAS alone

epe’p’

The DVCS/BH photon is mostlyemitted at forward angles


Need an electromagneticcalorimeter at forward angles

for DVCS experiments !

A typical DVCS/BH event in the CLAS detector

shielding the detectors from the Møller electrons

Part 1 of the e1-DVCS experiment:

• Data taken from March 11 until May 27, 2005

• Beam energy ~ 5.766 GeV

• Beam current = 20-25 nA

• Polarization ~ 76-82%

• Integrated luminosity ~ 3.33 x 107 nb-1

• Target LH2

Solenoid DVCS electromagnetic calorimeter

The e1-DVCS experiment (first experiment with CLAS dedicated to DVCS)with the CLAS detector + DVCS electromagnetic calorimeter + Solenoid

CLAS

424 lead tungstate crystals + APD readout


shielding the detectors from the Møller electrons

Solenoid DVCS electromagnetic calorimeter

CLAS

424 lead tungstate crystals + APD readout


The e1-DVCS data can be used to extract DVCS and DVMP Beam Spin Asymmetries and Cross Sections

The e1-DVCS experiment (first experiment with CLAS dedicated to DVCS)with the CLAS detector + DVCS electromagnetic calorimeter + Solenoid

Part 1 of the e1-DVCS experiment:

• Data taken from March 11 until May 27, 2005

• Beam energy ~ 5.766 GeV

• Beam current = 20-25 nA

• Polarization ~ 76-82%

• Integrated luminosity ~ 3.33 x 107 nb-1

• Target LH2

4-dimensional bins = (Q2, xB , -t, )

The kinematics of the DVCS reactionis defined by 4 independent variables :

Q2, xB, t and e’

p’

e *

hadronic plane

leptonic plane


Kinematic coverage of the e1-DVCS data

DVCS Beam Spin (ALU) and Longitudinal Target Spin (AUL) asymmetries


integrated over t

F.X. Girod et al. (CLAS Collaboration),Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 162002 (2008)

ALU

F.X. Girod et al. (CLAS Collaboration),Phys. Rev. Lett. 100, 162002 (2008)

S. Chen et al. (CLAS Collaboration),Phys. Rev. Lett. 97, 072002 (2006)

ALU AUL

<Q2>=1.82, <-t>=0.31, <>=0.16


PreviousCLAS results

JLab Hall A results

VGG twist-2

VGG twist-3

Regge (JML)

DVCS Beam Spin (ALU) and Longitudinal Target Spin (AUL) asymmetries

VGG model: Vanderhaeghen,Guichon,Guidal

Having both the beam-spin and longitudinal target-spin asymmetries,a nearly model-independent GPD analysis in leading twist was achieved fittingsimultaneously ALU and AUL extracted with CLAS at 3 values of t and fixed xB

M. Guidal, Phys. Lett. B 689, 156-162 (2010)

• ImH : VGG model predictions reproduce the shape of the data but overestimate it,especially at lower t

• ImH : VGG model predictions tend to underestimate the data

ImH shows a steeper t-slope than ImH which would suggest that the axial charge is more concentrated than the electromagnetic charge

Extraction of GPDs from fitting ALU and AUL CLAS data

~

~


ImH ImH~

Extraction of GPDs from fitting world data


, [Kumericki and Mueller] (blue and green curves, black triangles)

red circles: fit with only H

Indication that we can notneglect H

~

K. Kumericki and D. Mueller, Proceedings of 4th Workshop on Exclusive Reactions

at High Momentum Transfer, Newport News, Virginia, 18-21 May 2010

2W 0.8,p 45,21

3 t- 0.09 0.58,x0.1 ,Q

e

B2

e

1


Q2

xB

The fast variation of the BH cross section:Around Φ=0 (where lies the BH singularity),

there can be a factor ~2 between neighbouring kinematics

The very fast variations of the BH cross section make the DVCS cross section analysis

particularly difficult

DVCS cross sections


PRELIMINARY

2 independent analyses in progressJLab / IPN Orsay


Q2

xB

DVCS cross sections

2W 0.8,p 45,21

3 t- 0.09 0.58,x0.1 ,Q

e

B2

e

1


H(x,,t), E(x,,t)

H(x,,t), E(x,,t)~ ~

H(x,,t), E(x,,t)

H(x,,t), E(x,,t)~ ~

“handbag” diagram (high Q2, small t, fixed xB)

DVMP

Deeply Virtual Meson Production (DVMP)

Vector mesons ( w ) sensitive to H and E

Pseudoscalar mesons ( )sensitive to H and E

~~

DVMP allows quark flavor decomposition

Factorization proven only for

longitudinally polarized virtual photons

L2T Q

1 ~


ρ0 2u+d

ω 2u-d

ρ+ u-d

0 2u+d

+ u-d

2u-d

~

~

conserve nucleon helicity

H (x,ξ,t) H (x,ξ,t)

E (x,ξ,t) E (x,ξ,t)

flip nucleon helicity

S. Morrow et al., Eur. Phys. J. A 39, 5-31, 2009 ([email protected])

J. Santoro et al., Phys. Rev. C 78, 025210, 2008 (@5.75 GeV)

L. Morand et al., Eur. Phys. J. A 24, 445-458, 2005 ([email protected])

C. Hadjidakis et al., Phys. Lett. B 605, 256-264, 2005 ([email protected] GeV)

K. Lukashin et al., Phys. Rev. C 63, 065205, 2001 (@4.2 GeV) e1-b(1999)

e1-6(2001-2002)

A. Fradi, Orsay Univ. PhD thesis (@5.75 GeV)e1-DVCS(2005)


Vector mesons: exclusive 0, w and

electroproduction on the proton at CLAS 6 GeV:

Deeply Virtual Meson Production (DVMP)

There are also results on exclusive pseudoscalar mesonelectroproduction on the proton at CLAS 6 GeV:

I. Bedlinskiy et al., paper in preparation ([email protected])

K. Park et al., Phys. Rev. C 77, 015208, 2008 (@5.75 GeV)

R. De Masi et al., Phys. Rev. C 77, 042201(R), 2008 ([email protected])

w

0


Comparison between 0 w and


Comparison between 0 w and

b increases with W: valence quarks in the center of the nucleonand sea quarks at the

periphery of the nucleon

b decreases with Q2: by increasing the

resolution of the probe, smaller objects in the nucleon can be seen

As a function of W, at fixed Q2, L first drops

(W<5 GeV) and then slightly rises (W>5 GeV)

Longitudinal cross section L(L p p L

0)


S. Morrow et al., Eur. Phys. J. A 39, 5-31, 2009

VGG GPD model

GK GPD modelValence q

Sea q and gluons


0)


VGG: Vanderhaeghen,Guichon,Guidal

GK: Goloskokov,Kroll

The GPD models fail

to reproduce the behavior

at low W(W < 5 GeV)

S. Morrow et al., Eur. Phys. J. A 39, 5-31, 2009

Comparison between and 0


L p p L

0L p p

L

+

Gluon GPDs Quark GPDs + Gluon GPDs

GPD models fail to reproduce the behavior at low W (W < 5 GeV) for 0 w but succeed for which is only sensitive to gluon GPDs

GK: Goloskokov,Kroll

CHL-2

Add new hall

12 GeV

E= 2.2, 4.4, 6.6, 8.8, 11 GeVBeam polarizationPe > 80%

CLAS12

Upgrade of the instrumentation of the existing Halls

ContinuousElectronBeamAcceleratorFacility


JLab upgrade to 12 GeV

PCAL

Design luminosity L ~ 1035 cm-2s-1

Hall B at JLab 12GeV: CLAS12


CLAS12

High luminosity

Large acceptance

Large kinematic coverage

Central Detector

Forward Detector

H1, ZEUS

Valence region

Sea/gluon region

JLab 12 GeV Upgrade is well matched for GPD studies in the valence

quark regime


Kinematic coverage of CLAS12

GPD program at CLAS12

DVCS beam-spin asymmetry ALU on the Proton

DVCS longitudinal target-spin asymmetry AUL on the Proton

DVCS transverse target-spin asymmetry AUT on the Proton

DVCS on the Neutron

DVCS unpolarized and polarized cross sections

DVMP: pseudoscalar mesons

DVMP: vector mesons


Projections of DVCS ALU on the Proton with CLAS12

ep ep

ALU

80 days – 1035 Luminosity – VGG model


Large acceptance:measurements in

large Q2, xB, tranges

simultaneouslyALU(Q2,xB,t) Δσ(Q2,xB,t)σ(Q2,xB,t)

Projections of DVCS ALU on the Proton with CLAS12

Large acceptance:measurements in

large Q2, xB, tranges

simultaneouslyALU(Q2,xB,t) Δσ(Q2,xB,t)σ(Q2,xB,t)

ep ep

ALU

80 days – 1035 Luminosity – VGG model


DVCS on Neutron is sensitive to the GPD En

and the d-quark content of the nucleon spin

Projections of DVCS ALU on the Neutron with CLAS12


t = -0.35 GeV2, Δt = 0.3 GeV2

Q2 = 2.75 GeV2, ΔQ2 = 1.5 GeV2

xB = 0.225, ΔxB = 0.15

Total of 588 bins in t, Q2, xB,

This program requires adding a Central Neutron Detector (CND) to the CLAS12 base equipment

CND

Combined analysis of DVCS on Proton and

Neutron allows flavorseparation of GPDs

• CLAS has the largest set ever of data for DVCS and exclusive vector meson production in the valence region

• GPD models fairly agree with the DVCS asymmetry data at high Q2 but fail to reproduce it at lower Q2

• GPD models describe well the exclusive vector meson data for W>5 GeV (sea quarks and/or gluons) which seem to be interpretable in terms of (kperp-modified) leading order handbag diagram (quark/gluon GPDs) BUT fail by large for W<5 GeV(valence region) except for which is only sensitive to gluon GPDs

• We need to go to higher Q2 (while staying in the valence region) to verify scaling for DVCS on a wider Q2 range, and to approach GPD validity regime for DVMP

• JLab 12GeV will provide high luminosity for high accuracy measurements to test models on a large xB scale and thus will be the ideal facility to study GPDs in the valence region and CLAS12 will be perfectly suited for a rich experimental GPD program

Thank you

Conclusions


Backup slides

Generalized Parton Distributions (GPDs)


GPDs provide a correlationbetween the transverse position AND the longitudinal momentum

of quarks in the nucleon

3D image of the nucleon

Form factors:transverse position of

quarks in the nucleon

Parton distributions:longitudinal

momentum of quarks in the

nucleon

H(x,,t), E(x,,t)

H(x,,t), E(x,,t)~ ~

H(x,,t), E(x,,t)

H(x,,t), E(x,,t)~ ~

“handbag” diagrams (high Q2, small t, fixed xB)*

DVCS DVMP

GPDs and exclusive reactions

~

~

conserve nucleon helicity

H (x,ξ,t) H (x,ξ,t)

E (x,ξ,t) E (x,ξ,t)

flip nucleon helicity


0,x ),( Exq

2

1Hxdx

q JG = 2

1J

q 1

1

)0 ,, (

Quark angular momentum (Ji’s sum rule)

X. Ji, Phy.Rev.Lett.78,610(1997)

Cross-section measurementand beam-charge asymmetry (ReT )

integrate GPDs over x

Beam- or target-spin asymmetriesare proportional to ImT,

therefore to GPDs at x = and x = -

At leading order

Deeply Virtual Compton scattering and GPDs


x

real part imaginary part

1

1

1

1

),,(),,(

~),,(

~ tHidxx

txHPdx

ix

txHT DVCS

VGG model: Vanderhaeghen,Guichon,Guidal

(CC)

(EC)

(DC)(SC)

Angular coverage

• charged particles : 8°< <140° (DC + SC)

• neutral particles : 8°< <45° (EC)

Resolution

dp/p1%

d, dmrad


The CLAS detector (CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer)

Regge (Laget)

• Decent agreement for Q2 up to 3.6 GeV2

• Off by an order of magnitude at higher Q2

L(L p p L

0)

Interpretation with Regge theory (Laget model)


Pomeron,F2

DDs + “meson exchange”

DDs w/o “meson exchange” (VGG)

“meson exchange”


0)


p p0

p pw

p p


Interpretation with Regge theory: Laget model

DVCS ALU on the Neutron with CLAS12


DVCS on Neutron is sensitive to the GPD En

and the d-quark content of the nucleon spin

This program requires adding a Central Neutron Detector (CND) to the CLAS12 base equipment

CND

Combined analysis of DVCS on Proton and

Neutron allows flavorseparation of GPDs

deeply virtual compton scattering and meson production...

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