deep impact the movie science fact vs. fiction · deep impact facts nucleus split in two diam1 = 1...
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Deep Impact the MovieDeep Impact the MovieScience Fact vs. FictionScience Fact vs. Fiction
Karen J. Karen J. MeechMeech, Astronomer, AstronomerInstitute for AstronomyInstitute for AstronomySession 34 Session 34 –– 1/19/05 1/19/05
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Science Fact vs. FictionScience Fact vs. Fiction Deep Impact, the MovieDeep Impact, the Movie ArmageddonArmageddon Themes:Themes:
comet/asteroid is about to impact Earthcomet/asteroid is about to impact Earth What we can to What we can to toto avert disaster avert disaster
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Deep Impact FactsDeep Impact Facts
Nucleus Split in twoNucleus Split in two DiamDiam11 = 1 mi = 1 mi r = 0.8km r = 0.8km DiamDiam22 = 6 mi = 6 mi r = 4.8km r = 4.8km
Rotation period 14 hrRotation period 14 hr Earth collision Earth collision rr = 1AU = 1AU
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What the Movie Got RightWhat the Movie Got Right
Comet AppearanceComet Appearance Impact Impact EnergeticsEnergetics
E = 0.5 m vE = 0.5 m v22
vv2 2 = GM(2/r = GM(2/r –– 1/a) 1/a) Global consequencesGlobal consequences
1 km radius major1 km radius major 4.8 km catastrophic4.8 km catastrophic
690,900690,9004.1x104.1x1021214.7x104.7x1014144.84.8320032001.9x101.9x1019192.2 x 102.2 x 1012120.80.8
KE [KE [MtonMton TNT] TNT]KE [J]KE [J]Mass [kg]Mass [kg]Radius [km]Radius [km]
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Historical ImpactsHistorical Impacts
Lunar evidenceLunar evidence BarringerBarringer crater, AZ ~ crater, AZ ~
50,000 yr50,000 yr 1972 Fireball, 1972 Fireball, TetonsTetons
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Historical ImpactsHistorical Impacts Tunguska (1908)Tunguska (1908)
30m radius30m radius 8 km explosion area8 km explosion area
KT Impact (65 KT Impact (65 MyrMyr)) Crater 10-15 x meteorite sizeCrater 10-15 x meteorite size Extinction of 50% of speciesExtinction of 50% of species Storms and firesStorms and fires Atmospheric dust Atmospheric dust months to months to
clearclear
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ChicxulubChicxulub Crater Crater –– Yucatan Yucatan
Crater discovered 1950Crater discovered 1950’’s oils oilsurvey drillingsurvey drilling Ground water seeping Ground water seeping limestone limestone
CenotesCenotes DiamDiam 145-180 km 145-180 km 10 km 10 km diamdiam; 10; 108 8 ton TNTton TNT
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Global EffectsGlobal Effects Debris into AtmosphereDebris into Atmosphere
Greenhouse gases (CaCOGreenhouse gases (CaCO33 = limestone) = limestone) Forest fires & Forest fires & ““Nuclear WinterNuclear Winter””
Yucatan during Cretaceous Yucatan during Cretaceous shallow sea shallow sea Tsunami Tsunami –– 100m high wave 100m high wave
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Craters on EarthCraters on Earth
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What the Movie Got WrongWhat the Movie Got Wrong
Observing with lights onObserving with lights on Orbit determined fromOrbit determined from
single data pointsingle data point
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What the movie got WrongWhat the movie got Wrong Boulders in TailBoulders in Tail
Largest: cm-sizedLargest: cm-sizedaacritcrit = c Q = c Q vvthth / / ρρgg ρρnucnuc R R33
nucnuc
OutgassingOutgassing at sunrise at sunrise Heat slowly penetratesHeat slowly penetrates No instantaneous jetsNo instantaneous jets
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What theWhat themovie gotmovie got
wrongwrong The tidal waveThe tidal wave
Impact velocity 70000mphImpact velocity 70000mph Tsunami 500-1000 km/hrTsunami 500-1000 km/hr Deepwater Deepwater wavehtwaveht 1km: 1km:
6-35m (10x @ 100 km)6-35m (10x @ 100 km) ““runuprunup”” height greater height greater
Factor of 2-3Factor of 2-3(conservative)(conservative)
Factor 25-40 HawaiiFactor 25-40 Hawaii
Empire state: 443.2mEmpire state: 443.2m
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ArmageddonArmageddon Right:Right:
Thrusters for gravityThrusters for gravity Impact in ParisImpact in Paris
Wrong: All elseWrong: All else Discovery TX-sizedDiscovery TX-sized Comet or Asteroid?Comet or Asteroid? Scheduling HSTScheduling HST Meteor stream Meteor stream radiantsradiants Particle size DistributionParticle size Distribution Asteroid Asteroid ““CompositionComposition””
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Armageddon (Armageddon (contdcontd).).
Composition:Composition: If asteroid (metal): Ni or FeIf asteroid (metal): Ni or Fe Density 7000 kg/mDensity 7000 kg/m33
Easy to drillEasy to drill Form from differentiationForm from differentiation No volatiles! CHNo volatiles! CH44