DECONTAMINATION OF POLLUTTED DISCHARGE WATERS FROM SURFACE TREATMENT INDUSTRIES BY PRESSURE-DRIVEN MEMBRANES

Presented by

P.Neehar

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CONTENTS

• Abstract

• Introduction

• Review of Literature

• Objectives

• Research Methodology

• Findings

• Conclusion

• Reference

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ABSTRACT

• Decontamination of industrial waste waters by Membranes was conducted to remove heavy metals

• Membranes used are UF, NF, RO

• NF was found to be good

• Experiments on artificial and real effluents are done

• Treated effluents are tested on Bioassays

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INTRODUCTION

Industrialization

Treatment methods

Real effluents and Artificial effluents are treated by membranes

Numerical, Biological, Physical, Chemical approaches to test the depollution of waste waters

Performance of the membranes to reject the heavy metals

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REVIEW OF LITERATURE

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• Challenges for treating fouling, improving chemical resistance insufficient rejection of pollutants

• Main agenda in further research

• Removal of toxic materials likeChromium,Arsenate,Perchlorate

by NF,UF,RO

• Rejection increased with increase in pH of solution

• Rejection decreased with increase in solution conductivity

OBJECTIVES

• Main aim is to depollute industrial waste

• Using different configuration of membranes to filter the solutions

• Finally choosing the best membrane to use in Industrial for treating real solutions

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RESEARCH METHODOLOGYMembranes Characteristics

AFC 40Membranes AD DK AFC 40 Filtanium GH

Supplier GE power & water

GE power & water

PCI membrane systems

TAMI industries

GE power & water

Type ROOrganic

NFOrganic

NFOrganic

UFCeramic

UFOrganic

Material of active layer

Polyamide Polyamide Polyamide TiO2 Polyamide

MWCO g/mole Dense layer 150-300 300 1000 1000

Hydraulic permeability

1.0(m) 1.4(m) 1.5(m) 1.6(m) 1.2(m)

Mean pore radius(nm)

dense 0.43 0.53 1.18 0.85

GE power & water

GE power & water

GE power & water

GE power & water

GE power & water

GE power & water

Filtratingarea(m2)

0.014 0.014 0.0487 0.022 0.014

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FILTRATION AND ARTIFICIAL SOLUTION• Heavy metals like Co, Cr , Cu, Ni, Pb , Zn were made into

solutions by adding some masses with water at different concentrations(1, 2, 5) mg/lt.

• NaCl added to 5 mg/ litre concentration of metals to get exactness of real solutions and pH was also maintained at 4.5 to avoid metal hydroxides

• Filtration carried in different modules

• Batch operation

• Either permeate or retentate is recycled

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FINDINGS

• After filtration NF was found to be more than 95% irrespective of ion

• Rejections by AFC 40 was also high except for lead

• Permeation fluxes obtained for each membrane , i.e. volume provided by RO membrane was very low

• For GH (UF) it was satisfactory

• For NF (DK and AFC 40) are very close to GH but even more than those of inorganic membrane (Filtanium)

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FINDINGS

(FILTRATION PERFORMANCES)

• Rejection vs. permeation flux for different conc of metals was found out for DK membrane

• Rejection increases with permeation flux

• But overall rejection was more at low flux at high conc of metals

• Unfortunately selectivity between ions decreases with concentration increase

• This shows that Electrostatic interactions between ions and membrane charge plays a role.

• Lead is most effected by NaCl

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EXPERIMENTAL GRAPH

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SIMULATED GRAPH

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• The graphs are plotted by PTM model

• The above graphs are for salt concentrations of 1 mg/litre

• Exclusions mechanisms are Steric, Electric , Dielectric effects

• Electric and dielectric are governed by membrane charge density (Xd) and dielectric constant (έp)

• Membrane charge density governs electrostatic interactions between membrane and ions to increase or decrease exclusions depending on valence and ion considered

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ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF TREATED EFFLUENT

• Tests on Snail eggs and Crustaceans

• Eggs incubated for 20 days , 20 degree Celsius, 18hrs of light, with 80-90% moisture

• Eggs succumbed to the harmful effects of treated effluent

• Crustaceans didn’t effect by treated effluents

• Reason for eggs failure was by micro pollutants(PAH,VOC,AP)

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CONCLUSION

• NF membranes were good choice for metal rejections

• Rejections were by Steric, Electric, Dielectric Effects

• Snail eggs hatching was disrupted by micro pollutants

• Crustaceans mobility was not effected

• More study required on micro pollutants removal

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REFERENCES

• A. Escoda, S. Deon, P. Fievet, Assessment of dielectric contribution in the modeling of multi-ionic transport through Nano filtration membranes, J.Membr. Sci. 378 (2011) 214–223

• S. Bandini, J. Drei, D. Vezzani, The role of pH and concentration on the ion rejection in polyamide Nano filtration membranes, J. Membr. Sci. 264 (2005)

• B.S. Khangarot, S. Das, Effects of copper on the egg development and hatching of a freshwater pulmonate snail Lymnaea luteola L, J. Hazard. Mater. 179(2010) 665–675

• B. Van der Bruggen, M. Mänttäri, M. Nyström, Drawbacks of applying Nano filtration and how to avoid them: a review, Sep. Purif. Technol. 63(2008) 251–263

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