DECONSTRUCTIVISM AND ECO-SENSITIVE DESIGN

DECONSTRUCTIVISM AND ECO-SENSITIVE DESIGN najah abdul rahman s5.ba.arch.11bar1022DECONSTRUCTIVISMDeconstructivismis a development ofpostmodern architecture that began in the late 1980s. It is influenced by the theory of "Deconstruction", which is a form ofsemiotic analysis. It is characterized by fragmentation, an interest in manipulating a structure's surface or skin, non-rectilinear shapes which appear to distort and dislocateelements of architecture, such as structure andenvelope. Deconstructing is to deform a rationally structured space so that the elements within that space are forced into new relationships. It features a lot of chopping up, layering, and fragmenting.HISTORYDeconstructivism came to public notice with the 1982Parc de la Villette architectural design competition, the Museum of Modern Arts 1988Deconstructivist Architectureexhibition in New York, organized byPhilip JohnsonandMark Wigley, and the 1989 opening of theWexner Center for the ArtsinColumbus, designed by Peter Eisenman.

The New York exhibition featured works byFrank Gehry,Daniel Libeskind,Rem Koolhaas,Peter Eisenman,Zaha Hadid,Coop Himmelb(l)au, andBernard Tschumi.

buildings

Jewish Museum, Berlin by Daniel LibeskindTheGuggenheim Museum, Bilbao,Spain by Frank Gehry. Walt Disney Concert Hall,Los Angeles,California, by Frank Gehry.UFA-Palast inDresden, Germany, byCoop Himmelblau.

BERLINS-JEWISH MUSEUMTheJewish Museum Berlin is one of the largest Jewish Museums in Europe. In two buildings, one of which is a new addition specifically built for the museum byarchitectDaniel Libeskind.

BERLINS-JEWISH MUSEUM The museum consists of three spaces. All three of the underground tunnels, or "axes," intersect and may represent the connection between the three realities of Jewish life in Germany, as symbolized by each of the three spaces: Continuity with German history, Emigration from Germany, and the Holocaust.

The Museum itself, consisting of about 161,000 square feet (15,000 square meters), is a twisted zig-zag and is accessible only via an underground passage from the Berlin Museum's baroque wing. Its shape is reminiscent of a warpedStar of David.A "Void," an empty space about 66 feet (20 m) tall, slices linearly through the entire building. An irregular matrix of windows cuts in all orientations across the building's facade. A thin layer ofzinccoats the building's exterior, which willoxidize and turn bluish as it weathers.

A second undergroundtunnelconnects the Museum proper to the E.T.A. Hoffmann Garden, or The Garden of Exile, whose foundation is tilted. The Garden'soleastergrows out of reach, atop 49 tall pillars.The final underground tunnel leads from the Museum to theHolocaust Tower, a 79 foot (24 m) tall empty silo. The bare concrete Tower is neither heated nor cooled, and its only light comes from a small slit in its roof.

The intersection of tunnels underneath the museum.

inferenceDeconstructivism maintains a level of self-criticism, as well as external criticism and tends towards maintaining a level of complexity.Deconstructivism is a purely formal exercise with little social significance.Since the act of deconstructivism is not an empirical process, it can result in whatever an architect wishes, and it thus suffers from a lack of consistencyToday there is a sense that the philosophical underpinnings of the beginning of the movement have been lost, and all that is left is the aesthetic of deconstructivismECO-SENSITIVE DESIGNEco sensitive designed building refers to a structure and using process that is environmentally responsible and resource-efficient throughout a building's life-cycle: from siting to design, construction, operation, maintenance, renovation, and demolitionEco-sensitive architecture is architecture that utilizes environmentally conscious design techniques. The common objective is that green buildings are designed to reduce the overall impact of the built environment on human health and the natural environment by:Efficiently using energy, water, and other resourcesProtecting occupant health and improving employee productivityReducing waste, pollution andenvironmental degradationThis brings together a vast array of practices, techniques, and skills to reduce and ultimately eliminate the impacts of buildings on the environment and human health. It often emphasizes taking advantage ofrenewable resources, e.g., using sunlight throughpassive solar,active solar, and photovoltaicequipment, and using plants and trees throughgreen roofs,rain gardens, and reduction of rainwater run-off. Many other techniques are used, such as using low-impact building materials or using packed gravel or permeable concrete instead of conventional concrete or asphalt to enhance replenishment of ground water.

BedZED

Beddington Zero Energy Development(BedZED) is anenvironmentally friendlyhousing development inHackbridge,London,England.It was designed by the architectBill Dunster.

PRINCIPLESZero energyThe project is designed to use only energy from renewable sources generated on site. There are 777 square metres (8,360sqft) of solar panels. Tree waste fuels the development'scogeneration plant (downdraft gasifier) to providedistrict heatingand electricity. Energy efficientThe houses face south to take advantage ofsolar gain, are triple glazed, and have high thermal insulation.Water efficientMost rain water falling on the site is collected and reused. Appliances are chosen to be water-efficient and use recycled water when possible. A "living machine" system of recycling waste water was installed.Low-impact materialsBuilding materials were selected from renewable or recycled sources within 35 miles (56km) of the site, to minimize the energy required for transportation.Waste recyclingRefuse-collection facilities are designed to support recycling.TransportThe development works in partnership with the United Kingdom's leadingcar-sharing operator,City Car Club. Residents are encouraged to use thisenvironmentally friendlyalternative to car ownership; an on-site selection of vehicles are available for use.Encourage eco-friendly transportElectric andliquefied-petroleum-gas cars have priority over cars that burnpetroland diesel, and electricity is provided in parking spaces for charging electric cars.

Buildings incorporate energy and water efficient technologies that are not as readily available in traditional buildings . Buildings typically involve less maintenance. The indoor air quality is improved via natural and healthy materials. Buildings utilize clean energy sources such as solar and wind powerCosts associated with green building make the building methods cost-prohibitive.When utilizing green building cooling components, such as natural ventilation, consumers do not have a precise mechanism to increase or decrease exact temperatures. Differences in structural orientation will affect how natural daylight enters the building structure, with this in mind there may be a need to install more overhangs, blinds, or shades.Green roofs are comprised of multiple layers including a vegetation layer, growing medium, drainage or water storage, insulation, a waterproofing membrane, and roof support. Since they are usually heavier than a traditional roof, builders need to improve upon the existing roofs strength in order to install a green roof.

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