decommissioning & waste management in italy2011.radioactivewastemanagement.org/download/19 -...

Decommissioning & Waste

Management in Italy

Ispra, 5-8 July 2011

Management in Italy

JRC Ispra Summer School

Lecture content

• Italian Nuclear installations to be decommissioned

• Managing the irradiated fuel

• Decommissioning of the Nuclear Power Plants

• Decommissioning of the Fuel Cycle Facilities

JRC Ispra Summer School Angelo Paratore Ispra, 5-8 July 2011

• Decommissioning of the Fuel Cycle Facilities

• Radioactive waste: classification and management

Nuclear Power Plants (NPP’s)

CAORSOBWR – 860 MWeG.E. DesignStart-up 1978Shut-down 1986

TRINOPWR – 270 MWeWestinghouse design

LATINAGas-Graphite – 210 MWe


Westinghouse designStart-up 1965Shut-down 1987

Gas-Graphite – 210 MWeTNPG designStart-up 1963Shut-down 1986

GARIGLIANOBWR – 160 MWeG.E designStart-up 1964Shut-down 1978

Fuel Cycle Facilities (FCF’s)

Bosco MarengoNPP fuel fabrication plant

EUREXPilot reprocessing plant

JRC ISPRAResearch Centre

Under the responsibility of the European Commission


ITRECU-Th fuel reprocessing and fabrication plant

IPUMOX fuel fabrication pilot plant

OPECPost-irradiation hot cells

Managing the irradiated fuel

• Fuel from Latina, Garigliano and CaorsoNPP’s already shipped to UK and Francefor reprocessing.

• Around 100 fuel elements still remain inTrino NPP’s and in the FIAT Avogadropool of Saluggia.

• Shipments to be completed within 2012.


• Shipments to be completed within 2012.• At that date only minor quantities of

experimental fuel will remain in the FuelCycle Facilities awaiting to be repackagedin casks and temporarily stored into thefuture National Repository

• High Level Waste (‘Glass canisters’) willbe returned to Italy to be temporarilystored into the future National Repository

Caorso NPP - Dismantling of the BOP

Dismantling activities in course in the Turbine Building and Annex on the so called Balance of

Plant (systems to be dismantled: main steam lines, moisture separator, feedwater pumps,

feedwater pre-heaters, condenser). 5500 t of metallic components to be taken apart: 1200 of

which to be decontaminated and released for a total of 5300 t of clearable materials


In the Waste Management Facility, located in the turbine hall, the dismantled components will be

weighed, characterized, sandblasted if needed and/or chemically decontaminated in the PHADEC

plant (PHosphoric Acid DEContamination) to be finally released or containerized as waste

Clearable materials area NON clearable materials area

Caorso NPP – Waste Management Facility


PHADEC

Contaminated materials area

Sandblasting

ElevatorTurbine Floor

(el. 60 m)

In the PHADEC plant the metallic components are decontaminated in phosphoric acid ponds;

the removed contaminated layer is then precipitated in the form of iron oxalate by means of

oxalic acid and finally converted into iron oxide by thermolisis. The iron oxide (about 2% of the

treated material) is conditioned with Portland cement in 220 l drums

Bridge craneWashing cabin

Caorso NPP – PHADEC plant


Decontamination ponds

Degreasing pond

Washing cabin

Latina NPP – Conventional dismantling

Dismantling activities on conventional

components and systems (BOP) and on

slightly contaminated equipments (primary-

circuit ducts)


Trino NPP – Removal of the asbestos insulation


Garigliano NPP – Dismantling of tank T11

Decontamination of the inner surface of the tank by hydrolasing and scabbling. This

allowed to clear almost 98% of the overall volume of the dismantled materials


Decontamination by scabbling Dismantling the tank

Saluggia FCF – CEMEX Plant

Realization in course of the CEMEX plant for conditioning by cementation about 120 m3 of acid

solution deriving from the reprocessing of MTR and CANDU fuel.

The solution is neutralized with NaOH and metered into 440 l drums; the cement is added while

the solution is stirred by a lost paddle (‘in drum mixing process’). The plant is equipped with an

ILW interim storage facility (D3).


Trisaia FCF – ICPF Plant

Realization in course of the ICPF plant for conditioning by cementation about 3 m3 of acid

solution deriving from the reprocessing of U-Th fuel and other waste streams.

The solution is neutralized with NaOH and metered into 440 l drums preloaded with the

prescribed quantity of cement. The solution is stirred by a lost paddle (‘in drum mixing process’).

The plant is equipped with an ILW interim storage facility (DMC3).


Trisaia FCF – Retrieval of pit 7.1

220 l drums containing wastes from reprocessing have been disposed in the past into the

underground pit 7.1 and shielded with grout. This disposal solution is no longer compatible with

the current safety standard. The pit is therefore going to be segmented by diamond wire on place

and retrieved to be safely stored into a suitable temporary storage facility on site.


G R U - I T A

Bosco Marengo FCF – Shot peening

100% of the components of the fuel fabrication plant have been taken apart. Cutting and

decontamination in course. After a first step of ‘wet’ decontamination, the pieces are mechanically

decontaminated by means of a ‘shot peening’ equipment (small metallic balls shot by pressurized

air toward the metallic part to be decontaminated).


Degassing oven (before)

Degassing oven (after)

Shot Peening equipment

Bosco Marengo FCF – Decommissioning


Casaccia FCF – Glove box dismantling

The first glove box contaminated by Pu (over a total of about 60) has been dismantled using ‘soft’

PVC tents reinforced by aluminium frame as external containment.

This approach allows to dismantle standard glove boxes from the outside, without physically

approaching them, in this way reducing the risk of contamination for the operators.


Casaccia FCF – Glove box dismantling


Waste Management: Wet Oxidation of resins

Realization in course of a Wet Oxidation Plant for the thermal destruction of the organic fraction of

ion exchange spent resins (100 m3) from the operation of the Trino NPP. The oxidation reaction

takes place into a reactor with hot pressurized water (300°C – 100 bar). The final residue (<15%

of the initial volume) is then dryed and conditioned with cement in a mobile cementation unit.


Waste Management: Si.Co.Mo.R. plant

The design of a transportable waste conditioning system (SiCoMoR) is being implemented. The system

will allow to immobilize with cement liquid and sludges already stored at the installations or deriving from

the decommissioning activities.

The design criteria are derived by previous Sogin experience on treatment of LLW and ILW on the Trisaia

and Garigliano site as well as from the design of a similar system for the Hunterston A BNFL plant.


Waste Management: classification according toT.G. 26

Radioactive wastes are classified by the Italian Authority into three categories according to the

radioactivity concentration. Each category having its own recommended disposal solution.

Category Definition Typology Disposal

1st category

Contains radionuclides requiring some months up to some years to decay belowclearance level and long half life

Mainly from medical useConventional

disposal


1st categoryclearance level and long half life radionuclides with this concentration

Mainly from medical usedisposal

2nd category

Contains radionuclides requiring some tens up to some hundreds of years todecay to some hundreds of Bq/g and long half life radionuclides in concentration of this order of magnitude

Materials and wasteproduced by NPP’s

operations; some partsderiving from

decommissioning

Surfacedisposal

3rd category

Contains radionuclides requiringthousands of years or longer to decay tosome hundreds of Bq/g

Residues fromreprocessing, irradiated

fuel and materialscontaining alpha emitters

and neutrons

Deepgeologicaldisposal

Waste Management: Volume of FWP

The overall amount of radioactive waste from the past operations of the installations and the

decommissioning activities, after conditioning will generate the following quantities of Final

Waste Package*:

2^ Category FWP’s 26.000 m3

NPP’s


3^ Category FWP’s 4.400 m3

18.000 m3

2.900 m3

NPP’s

FCF’s

2^ Category FWP’s

3^ Category FWP’s

(NOTE: excluding the remaining irradiated fuel and the residues from reprocessing):

Waste Management: Interim storage facilities

GARIGLIANO – New ISF D2 for about 2.400 m3.

Interim storage capacity is being made available on each site to temporarily host conditioned waste derivingfrom operations and decommissioning before being shipped to the future final repository.


BOSCO MARENGO – Refurbishment of existing building for storing

about 200 m3.

LATINA – New ISF for about 1.800 m3.

SALUGGIA – New ISF D2 for

about 3.500 m3.

decommissioning & waste management in italy2011.radioactivewastemanagement.org/download/19 -...

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