Decline of Native Texans

European Arrival

• Many Native Texans welcomed the European strangers.

• Without Native help, many Europeans would have died.

European Resistance

• Europeans didn’t see Natives as human beings.

• They tried hard to convert the Natives to the Catholic religion.

• Many converted for survival.

Intermarriage

• For survival, Native Texan women married Europeans.

• Mestizos: Children that were a mixture of European & Native American blood.

European Disease

• Europeans brought smallpox & measles to Texas.

• Millions of Native Americans died.

• This made it easier for Europeans to defeat them & take over their lands.

Westward Expansion• In the early 1800s,

U.S. settlers moved to Texas & claimed the land as their own.

• Native Texans fought these settlers to defend their lands.

Treaties

• Treaty: A contract or agreement between nations or peoples.

• U.S. settlers made treaties with Native Texans, but often broke them.

Settlers Begin Killing Buffalo

• To force Native Texans to move away or starve, U.S. settlers began killing buffalo.

• Most Native Texans were then killed or forced to leave Texas.

What Happened To The Tribes?

• Coahuiltecans, Karankawas, Atakapans & Jumanos: Disappeared

• Caddoes, Tonkawas, Lipan Apaches: Sent to Reservations in Oklahoma

• Alabama-Coushattas, Tiguas & Kickapoos: Sent to Reservations in Texas.

Reservation

• An area of land set aside for occupation by Native Americans.

People descended from specific ancestors

Descendants

Texas Reservations

1. Woodville (Near Houston): Alabama-Coushattas

2. El Indio (Near Eagle Pass): Kickapoos

3. El Paso (Ysleta): Tiguas

FlintPrehistoricMesoamericaCultureArtifact

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ExtinctionSocial StructureNomadCivilizationPaleo-Indian EraMestizos

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Late Prehistoric EraTreatyReservationArchaic EraDescendantAdobe

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