Death stalker Scorpion

Deathstalker(Leiurus quinquestriatus)Tatsuki Furukawa

ContentsMovieDescriptionVenomScorpion vs. SpiderHow to Avoid ScorpionConclusion

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ContentsMovieDescriptionVenomScorpion vs. SpiderHow to Avoid ScorpionConclusion

DescriptionDeathstalker isa species of scorpion, a member of the buthiade family. yellow in color, and measures 80-110 mm long.is the 3rd most venomous scorpion in the world.

Description (continued)HabitatDeathstalker is mainly living in the dessert, especially in the Sahara Desert.

ContentsMovieDescriptionVenomScorpion vs. SpiderHow to Avoid ScorpionConclusion

VenomIts venom is a powerful cocktail of... Chlorotoxin Charybdtoxin Scyllatoxin Agitoxinstype 1, 2 and 3

The venom is 3 times powerful as a king cobra's one!(L/D50=0.1-0.01 mg/body wt. kg)Chlorotoxin (CLTX) It's a 36-amino acid peptide. Blocks small-conductance Cl- channels.Duration of paralysis depends onthe amount of injection. May become a treatment and diagnosisof several types of cancer.

9Chlorotoxin (CLTX)

Example of how long the paralysis of CLTX will be working

0.5 g/g body wt.Recover after 2 hours.1.23-2.23 g/g body wt.After 20 sec. : loss of motor control.After 60 sec. : progressed to a rigidparalysis of the walking and pincer legsthat was complete.Within 90 sec. : the tail musculaturewas immobilized.After 6 hours, no recovery was notedat which time the crayfish were destroyed.Chlorotoxin (CLTX)The fact that chlorotoxin binds preferentially to glioma cells compared with non-neoplastic cells or normal brain cells has allowed the development of new methods for the treatment and diagnosis of several types of cancer.Therapeutic useIn short, CLTX can be a breakthrough for the brain cancer!Chlorotoxin (CLTX)Tumor paint (CLTX + Cy5.5)Combination of CLTX and Cy5.5, fluorescent coloring matter. Applying the selectivity that CLTX can connect to glioma cells to a visualization of brain tumors. It will help surgeons for removing all tumors during a operation.Example of therapeutic use

ContentsMovieDescriptionVenomScorpion vs. SpiderHow to Avoid ScorpionConclusion

Scorpion vs. SpiderCommonalitiesThey are...Classified as arachinds.Number of legs : 8Thought as feared animals.PredatoryPrey : InsectsDifferencesScorpion hasa stinger at the end of their tail to inject venom.a pair of pinchers to hold onto a prey.Spider hasa pair of fungs to inject vanom.silk to trap a prey.

ContentsMovieDescriptionVenomScorpion vs. SpiderHow to Avoid ScorpionConclusion

How to Avoid Scorpion

Scorpion has the cuticle in itsouter layer of skin. The Cuticlewill react to black light and willbe illuminated in the greencolour. So you can find ascorpion with black light inthe darkness.ContentsMovieDescriptionVenomScorpion vs. SpiderHow to Avoid ScorpionConclusion

ConclusionDeathstalker has a dangerous cocktail of venoms.The power of its venom is not enough to kill an adult. But it could kill a young child.Its venom can be used for the therapeutic use as a treatment of a brain tumor.Thank you for your attention!!AntivenomTwyford, Sanofi Pasteur and Antivenom and Vacctine Production Center produced antivenom for the treatment of deathstalker envenomations.

In USA and other countries, there is none of the existiong antivenoms are approved by Food and Drag Administration.

The US Armed Forces maintains an Investigational drug applicaiton for the AVPC-Riyadh antivenom.How venom works

Muscle cells

Outside cellInside cellIonsChannelShowing how nerves work in our body.

How venom worksVenom (CLTX)

Outside cellInside cellIonsChannel

Showing how venoms work in our body.Charybdotoxin (CTX)

It's a 37-amino acid peptide. Blocks calcium-activated potassium channels.It causes hyperexcitability of the nervous system. Close homoloque of agitoxin.Scyllatoxin Blocks of small-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels. Induces spoutaneous contractions in guinea pig taenia coli muscle cells.Agitoxin

It's a 38 animo acids.Three types of agitoxin can be distinguished,such as type 1,2 and 3.They are highly homologious, differing only in the identify ofthe residues at positions 7, 15, 29 and 31.FunctionAgitoxin binds to the Shaker K+ channel.It blocks this channel by bindingwith high affinity to its external vestiblue.ReferencesWhy Painting Tumors Could Make Brain Surgeons Betterhttp://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2013/09/12/221060071/why-painting-tumors-could-make-brain-surgeons-betterPoison (Japanese)http://www.geocities.jp/scubadive21/sub/mame/poison.htmScorpion Poison Point of View from Neurotoxin- (Japanese)http://ameblo.jp/plus-science/entry-11635039977.htmlChlorotoxinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ChlorotoxinDeathstalkerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DeathstalkerScorpion Venomhttp://askabiologist.asu.edu/venom/scorpion_venom