dearman engine company – tokyo innovation show case 9 th october 2014 dearman engine company for...

Dearman Engine Company – Tokyo Innovation Show Case

9th October 2014

Dearman Engine Company

For more information:[email protected]

http://www.dearmanengine.com/

http://www.liquidair.org.uk/

mailto:[email protected]


• UK Based SME technology developer founded 2011.• ~40 full time employees. ~70% engineering focused• Developing a novel zero emissions engine technology with applications in

cooling, waste heat recovery and zero emissions power.• Business and carbon case for deployment.• Transport refrigeration is first application. Field trials in 2015, fleet

deployments from 2016. Project supported by Hubbard, MIRA and Air Products.

• Follow on waste heat recovery applications in development• Consortium based approach to technology development >£5m in UK

government and partner funded projects underway.• Partners sought for feasibility studies and potential demonstration projects.• Part of broader emergence of liquid air as an energy carrier.


What is Liquid Air?

Liquid air is made by:1. Cleaning ambient air2. Cooling it to ~ -196°C where it becomes a

liquid.

Liquid nitrogen is made by exploiting the different boiling points of oxygen, nitrogen and argon.

This process is mature: More than 100 years old Present in every industrialised nation Plants only need air and electricity Plants are large scale and flexibly operated to

achieve lowest electricity prices. Distribution and storage technologies and

infrastructure are mature.


Liquid Air Technologies

Common operating principle for all technologies:• Energy generation side converts

heat from the environment or a co-located process into shaft power.

• Low starting temperature gives high yields from even low-grade waste heat.

• Air or nitrogen is the only exhaust.• Applications in grid-scale energy

storage and transport.• Opportunities for big synergies with

processes that have cooling requirement or spare heat


液体窒素熱空気

700倍に膨張

高圧ガス

シャフトパワー

密閉空間

膨張装置

Liquid Air Energy Network

Liquid air as an energy vector is entering mainstream energy thinking. • UK government has invested >$20m in

liquid air technologies.• Highview Power Storage – 5MW

demonstration• Dearman Engine Company – 2 engine

platforms• Ricardo – 1 engine platform• Liquid Air Energy Network founded to

explore the benefits • Technology developers seeking

International collaborations


The Dearman Engine


Process – Operates by boiling liquid air to

produce high pressure gas that can be used to do

work. Power + cooling

Inventive Step Heat transfer inside the cylinder

through direct contact heat exchange with a heat

exchange fluid – patent granted

1. 2.

3. 4.

吸入温められた熱交換液（水・グリコール混合液）をシリンダーに吸入

圧縮超低温の液体窒素をシリンダーへ直接注入。熱交換液の熱が液体窒素に伝達、急激な気化と昇圧をもたらす。

膨張気化した液体窒素が膨張、ピストンを押し下げる。直接接触型の熱伝導を継続することにより、一定温度での膨張が可能となる。

排気混合排気をシリンダーより排出。ガス成分は大気中に戻り、熱交換液は再加熱の上、再利用される。

Rapid expansion High pressurisation rates Near isothermal expansion Non combustive

Heat Exchange Fluid

• The Heat Exchange Fluid (HEF) Dearman uses is water or water mixed with glycol depending on the application (temperature that system will be at when not in use).

• Dearman may consider other HEFs but critical features are low cost and non-toxic.

• High reclaim rates are required to comply with emissions requirements and end user convenience (how big is the tank and how often must it be refilled with water?).

• >99% reclaim rates have been achieved on the first systems, this exceeds regulatory requirements.

• CFD and experimental tools are in place to increase reclaim efficiency from this point.


Dropout tank Phase Separator

Coalescing filter

Benefits


• Made from simple materials in well-established processes

• Can use waste heat to boost efficiency, even at low temperatures

• Fuel non-combustible, exhaust cool and clean

• Liquid air or N2 widely produced and available

• Low capital cost• Fits established ICE manufacturing base• Potential for plastics, additive manufacture• Low life cycle impacts

• Waste heat (i.e. inefficiency) is a problem for engines, and fuel cells

• Works alongside other technologies rather than seeking to replace them

• Synergies with cooling applications• Indoor and underground use possible• Low heat signature

• Modest infrastructure requirement• Opportunity to integrate at system level with

e.g. renewable energy to achieve zero CO2

Characteristics Advantages

The cheapest zero emission power system – no life-cycle surprises, useful for cooling

Applications


Cheaper and cleaner refrigerated transport or air-conditioning

Saving 15-25% total diesel consumption and CO2

Replacing high-emission auxiliary engines

High efficiency waste heat recovery system

Harnessing waste heat of the ICE or fuel cell radiator loopSaving up to 25% fuel consumption

Zero-emission vehicle

Urban vehicles in emerging markets e.g. motorised three-wheelersOff-highway markets, including industrial (e.g. fork-lift trucks), mining, marine

Also suitable for static/grid-based applications – power and cooling, peak power and back-up power

Intellectual Property Status


Patent No. Title Scope Priority Date Status

EP 1257733JP 464782US 6,983,598

Engines driven by liquefied or compressed gas

Use of HEF with compressed or liquefied gas

22/02/00 Granted

PCT /GB2012 /053220

Improved Cryogenic Engine

Injector technology 22/12/11 National Phase

PCT/ GB2013/ 053056

Improvements in Refrigeration

Refrigeration Process 19/11/12 PCT

PCT/GB2014/050089

Cryogenic Engine System

Waste Heat Recovery 11/01/13 PCT

Transport Refrigeration Application


On-vehicle demonstration with MIRA, Air Products and Loughborough University, funded by UK TSB

• Refrigerated payload acts an a source of heat to “boil” the LiN – gets 2/3 cooled this way

• Dearman engine drives ancillaries (fans, defroster) and a downsized refrigerator that provides 1/3 of the cooling

• Can be independent of the truck engine – or can use engine coolant to boost performance

UK case Vs Diesel Vs Evap’

Yearly OpEx -£1,200 -£3,100

CO2 now/2030+ -23%/-92% -43%/-46%

Dearman system has zero emissions – Diesel APU can emit 6x NOx and 29x Pm of the truck’s main engine Source: Analysis by E4tech / Dearman. Basis of 40ft frozen trailer with Euro 6 prime mover on a typical daily cycle; today’s average UK and NL grid carbon, and CCC 2030 target

Quick payback, better urban air quality, great CO2 potential

Current Status – Transport Refrigeration

System Integration a Vehicle Demonstration in 2014 under IDP8 Cool-E with:• MIRA• Air Products• Loughborough University

Partnerships in Place to Deliver first UK Demonstration in Summer 2015:• Hubbard (part of the Zannotti Group)• Air Products Plc• MIRA

Now Planning International Development and Deployment


Market Status – Transport Refrigeration

Market Opportunity:• The refrigerated vehicle market is worth ~£3.6bn p.a globally this is expected

to grow to ~£6.8bn p.a in 2018.• The market is experiencing extremely rapid growth in South and East Asia as

cold chains become deployed.

European Drivers for Change:• F-gas legislation coming into force in January 2015 is a challenge that the

industry is ill prepared to respond to.• Emissions from the engines in TRUs are lightly regulated – there is an

expectation within the industry that this will change shortly, but very little idea of what to do about it.

• In developed markets the growth in fleet monitoring and measurement is currently yielding large gains from small changes – attention is likely to shift to TRUs and their fuel consumption.

13Copyright Dearman Engine Company Private and Confidential

Waste Heat Recovery Engine

• ICEs reject ~2/3 of the energy in their fuel, to cooling system & hot exhaust• Main engine coolant acts as a source of heat to “boil” the LiN & warm the Heat

Exchange Fluid• Dearman engine drives into the main gearbox, allowing ICE to be down-sized and

operated efficiently – like an electric hybrid• Adding a chilled loop to the passenger compartment provides free air conditioning• The same principle applies to a fuel cell bus – relative savings may be even better


UK case Bus no a/c With a/c

Yearly OpEx -£2,100 -£2,800

Payback Time <3 years < 1.5 years“Warmant” heat exchanger

LN2 engine

IC Engine Gearbox Driven Axle

Power combiner

Dearman WHR “Heat Hybrid” system works alongside the IC engine, using its waste heat and helping with propulsion – and chilling or air-con; much cheaper than HEV

Current Project – Waste Heat Recovery

• Technology development and demonstration (TRL advancement) on a vehicle

• Manufacturing Readiness Level advancement and supply chain development.

• “Real World” evaluation of monetary and emissions benefits.

• Early identification of safety and legislative issues.

• Voice of the customer

• Develop the high volume opportunity


End Users Manufacturers

£3.25m 24 month UK government backed project to deliver:

Market Status – Waste Heat Recovery

16Copyright Dearman Engine Company Private and Confidential

Buses and delivery trucks are likely to be first markets. Potential market is more than 1m units p.a.

• Global market 370k units p.a growing to 875k p.a by 2025.

• Though best used in urban settings even intercity coaches have significant periods of urban operation so whole market could be addressed.

• ~1/2 of the mixed usage truck market is used in the urban delivery usage patterns likely to be suitable for this type of waste heat recovery.

• So about ¼ of this 3.7m units p.a market could be addressed by the technology.

Split of Global Bus Market

Coach Transit/City BusMedium Duty Bus

Split of Global Truck Market

Urban HGV Mixed HGV Mixed MGVLonghaul HGV

Zero-emission propulsion

Dearman Engine is an effective prime mover for low power or utilisation, especially where ambient is warm or cold is valued – CapEx lower than battery


LiN Tank

P H/X

DEH/X

Separator

Drive

ExhaustAmbient Heat Exchanger (Heat Source)

India case Vs Petrol Vs Battery

Yearly OpEx +£70 +£75**

10yr TCO +£2,300* -£1,100

A/C & Refrigeration

Free without adding to fuel consumption

Free without depleting range

• Ambient heat exchanger used to harvest heat - ~2.5x engine power required– Size ~4x that of equivalent ICE radiator – large (~500x500mm) but feasible – Provides “free” air conditioning; payload refrigeration function can also be

provided• Access to city centres with air quality restrictions enabled• Fast refill compared to battery recharge• Compared to fuel cell or battery EV, offers lower CapEx & whole-life costs, more

familiar manufacture & maintenance

Source: E4tech/Dearman. Based on 8kW 3-wheel rickshaw using Indian fuel, electricity and LiN costs. NO assumption for changes to diesel/petrol subsidies*Dearman system made in high-niche volumes >10,000/yr vs >100k/yr ICE **Battery replacement 10yrs, annualised in OpEx & TCO

Built environment applications

The Dearman Engine offers three potential sources of benefit:i) Shaft power that can be used to support

local demand or be exportedii) Cooling (because of the low start

temperature of the working fluid)iii) Conversion of waste heat into additional

shaft power

Achieving the maximum benefit from these services will require energy system analysis and optimisation for the end user’s site.

There are also opportunities to explore interaction with the fleet applications.


HVAC/ Refrigeration

Low Grade Heat

Onsite Generation

Higher Grade HeatCooling Support

Electricity

Timeline – Initial focus on Cooling and WHR


Key Technical Activities

Late 2011

Dearman Engine Company Formed – Ricardo Leads Due Diligence.

2012 Subsystems development with Ricardo

2013 Single Cylinder Engine Build led by Dearman.

H1, 2014

Integration with refrigeration cycle and hand over for vehicle demonstration.

H2, 2014

Refrigeration: efficiency and power density enhancements, preparations for field trials.

Waste heat recovery: multi-cylinder project starts.

2015 Field Trials of refrigeration application.

Multi-cylinder engine on to test bed.

2016 Short run production for fleet trial units (50 off at a time) commences.

Waste heat recovery into application

Japanese Market Opportunities


Applications Exploration• Working with partners to identify and assess

existing and new applications in this market.• Developing demonstration or field trial

opportunities.

Technical Collaboration• Japan has world class capabilities in

technology development and industrialisation of cryogenic systems and engines.

• Japanese companies and research organisations have done work on liquid air energy storage concepts.

Japanese Refrigeration Opportunity

Dearman’s most mature product is a transport refrigeration device, Japan could be a good Asian launch market for this product because:• Japan has a mature and sophisticated cold chain• Market participants like Denso, Hino Motors and Mitsubishi Heavy

Industries are already producing energy innovations in the sector.• End users have experience of trialling new technologies• Japanese world class expertise in cryogenic systems and processes could

support technology development as well as first field trials.• Japanese market could provide a launch pad for other Asian territories.• Refrigerated van and truck sales are about 20k units p.a in this market

Dearman is seeking technology development, host and finance partners for this application.



• UK Based SME technology developer founded 2011.• ~40 full time employees. ~70% engineering focused• Developing a novel zero emissions engine technology with applications in cooling,

waste heat recovery and zero emissions power• Business and carbon case for deployment.• Transport refrigeration is first application. Field trials in 2015, fleet deployments from

2016. Project supported by Hubbard, MIRA and Air Products.• Follow on waste heat recovery applications in development• Consortium based approach to technology development >£5m in UK government

and partner funded projects underway.• Partners sought for feasibility studies that are being developed for additional

applications.• Part of broader emergence of liquid air as an energy carrier.

For more information, please contact Michael Ayres – [email protected], (+44) 7714 513 653


mailto:[email protected]

dearman engine company – tokyo innovation show case 9 th october 2014 dearman engine company for...

Documents