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DDT Disposal Project Korogwe � Tanzania Field Work and Final Disposal

PN 95.3577.4-016.00

VN 81088427 Pestizidentsorgung Korogwe

Final Report

Frank Heinrich Tausch

Currenta GmbH & Co.OHG Kaiser-Wilhelm-Allee

51368 Leverkusen

Dezember 2008

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Content: 1. Description of the Project 1.1 Operational Stages 1.2 Project Organisation 2. Project Preparation 2.1 Notification Procedure for International Transhipment of Waste 2.2 Equipment 3. Project Execution (Field work) 3.1 Start of Project in Tanzania 3.2 Preparing the Site in Tanzania 3.3 Reporting 3.4 Working Procedure 4. Transport of the Fright Containers to Germany 5. Final Disposal of all Waste from Korogwe 5.1 Handling of DDT-waste in Dormagen 5.2 Incineration 6. Conclusion Annex 1: Notification Forms Annex 2: Environmental Management Plan Annex 3: Equipment List Annex 4: Working Proposal Annex 5: Field Reports Annex 6: Disposal Certificates Annex 7: Picture overview CD

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1. Description of the Project DDT is a persistent organochlorine compound, which was widely used as an insecticide in agriculture and health sector. The production and use of DDT is in the meanwhile internationally prohibited under the Stockholm Convention on Persistent organic Pollutants (POPs) banned. Tanzania signed the Stockholm Convention. Each party of the Stockholm Convention are committed to reduce and to eliminate the persistent organic pollutants, like DDT. The government of Tanzania asked the Government of Germany to support the elimination of the estimated 50 tonnes of DDT, laying since years under unacceptable conditions in an unsuitable store in Korogwe, Tanzania. The German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ) employed the Convention Project Chemical Safety (ChS) of the Deutsche Gesellschaft für Technische Zusammenarbeit (GTZ) GmbH, Eschborn to support the National Environment Management Council of Tanzania (NEMC) to eliminate the DDT in Korogwe. Within this context the GTZ contracted the Currenta GmbH & Co. OHG (former Bayer Industry Services, BIS), to carry out the collection and disposal operation in Tanzania, under the general management of the Convention Project Chemical Safety of the GTZ. An estimated amount of 50 t of DDT granulate were stored since nearly 30 years on the storage area of a former sisal farm in Korogwe � a town situated approx. 180 km North of Dar es Salaam. The storage facility in Old Korogwe site was generally poorly constructed and represented an acute health and environmental risk for life and nature in the surroundings of the store, especially for the Pangani River, which flows through the region very close to the store.

Impressions of the Korogwe site before the Field work

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The quantity of DDT-pesticides at the site was estimated by FAO1 and GTZ. The DDT was stored in a semi-closed store having sizes of 10 m length * 7 m width * 3 m height in form of an unsecured pile with an effective height of up to 1.2 m. The store itself was surrounded with a wall of 1 meter height made of hollow concrete blocks. Above the hollow blocks was a corrugated metal sheet wall and roof. The roof had holes so that store was not protected against wind and rain. The DDT was originally packed in paper and plastic bags of 5 kg, which were partially destroyed and the DDT granulate formed an open pile. 1.1 Operational Stages Currenta as Main Contractor was responsible for the multi-stage process which included: field work in Tanzania, transport of the waste to Germany and final incineration of the DDT in a special company owned hazardous waste incinerator of Currenta in Germany. The project included the following activities:

Application of all needed documents in accordance to the Basel Convention, like import permission for the waste in Germany and all the necessary trans-frontier shipment documents for the international sea transport of waste from Tanzania to Germany;

Supply of the necessary working-, safety- and packaging-equipment for the field operation in Tanzania;

Packaging of the DDT and associated waste in UN-approved containers, accepted for the international transport to the disposal facility in Germany;

Cleaning and decontamination of the pesticide store on site; Demolishing of the pesticide store and packaging of the demolished

construction material in UN-approved packing materials, accepted for international transport to the disposal facility in Germany;

Waste transport (DDT, associated waste and demolished construction material) from Korogwe to the place of destruction in a state of art incinerator in Germany;

Final destruction of all waste in a high temperature incinerator (according to the OECD standards) in one of the company owned state of art incinerators in Dormagen, Germany.

The contract covered also:

organisation of logistics in Germany and Tanzania; protection of the site during collection and repacking of all obsolete

pesticides in an ecological sound manner; training of field staff of NEMC and finally documentation of the whole disposal operation.

1 FAO - Food and Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations

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1.2 Project Organisation Currenta employed via Krug Internationale Spedition to carry out the field work. A field team on site was responsible for the work in Korogwe and consist of two international experts, a project manager, a site manager from Germany and a crew of 8 local workers. The whole project team is defined in the following chart:

Krug as the subcontractor of Currenta in this project was aside the field work also responsible for the transport of the equipment and empty packaging materials to Tanzania and also for the transport of the waste from Tanzania to Germany. GTZ was the principle of the whole project. Asside the general project management the ChS project and the GTZ Office Dar es Salaam were responsible for the contact between NEMC and the Main Contractor. The Convention Project Chemical Safety of GTZ was represented on site by a disposal expert in charge. The local GTZ office supported the field team of Currenta from all logistic and administrative points of view.

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2. Project Preparation 2.1 Notification Procedure for International Transhipment of Waste The official start of the project was the 24th January 2007 after GTZ and Currenta signed the Contract for Consulting Services. The non commercial contracts and a copy of the notification documents for the DDT-Waste and contaminated stones were sent for preparing the Notification forms to NEMC. NEMC as waste generator and Currenta as Disposal Company had to sign the non commercial contracts and official notification documents for transboundary shipment of waste. This signed documents were send on the 12th July 2007 to Bezirksregierung Düsseldorf - the German competent authority for the control of waste streams to the incineration plant RVA Dormagen. Because of a change of the �Regulation (EC) No. 1013/2006 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 June 2006 on shipments of waste� Currenta had to change the notification form. New prepared notification documents were sent again to NEMC on the 7th August 2008 for signing. One notification form (No DE1350/164124) was prepared for DDT contaminated soil and stones (construction waste / associated waste) and the second one (No. DE1350/164125) was prepared for agrochemical waste containing DDT (Annex 1). On the 23rd August 2007 the renewed Notification form for international shipment of waste was send to all involved competent authorities:

Bezirksregierung Düsseldorf, Germany, as accepting competent authority Federale overheidtsdienst Volksgezundheit,Veiligheid van de Voedselketen en

Leefmilieu, Brussel, as transit competent authority Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Presidency of Meteorology and Environment,

Jeddah, as transit competent authority The final confirmation for transfrontier shipment of hazardous waste for both notification forms arrived on the 7th November 2007 (see Annex 1). To complete the necessary documentation for the work in Korogwe, Tanzania, an Environmental Management Plan (EMP) was prepared and handed over to GTZ and NEMC. This document provided a framework for dealing with the environmental risks associated with the site and field activities (see Annex 2). 2.2 Equipment A list of equipment was prepared and agreed with GTZ. The subcontractor Krug sends finally the equipment in two freight containers to Tanzania (see Annex 3). The entire equipment was temporary imported into Tanzania. In order to ensure the mobility of the field team a jeep was rented via GTZ office for the whole working period in Korogwe.

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The GTZ office Dar Es Salaam supported the main contractor and the field team in all activities, like logistic, administrative, during the custom clearance process, in local transport, in financial matters and helped also to find a local consultant. 3. Project Execution 3.1 Start of Project in Tanzania The first work in Tanzania was to get out the equipment containers out of the customs. On the 14th January 2008 the two equipment containers and 7 empty freight containers were sent to Korogwe. In arrangement with NEMC 4 pre-trained local workers were involved in the work in Korogwe. These pre-trained workers had already necessary basic knowledge in handling with obsolete pesticides (trained by FAO). To complete the field team 4 additional local workers were hired in Korogwe.

The field team in Tanzania: Halfan Hamisi, Elikana Vedastus, Hassan Kikando, Msaki Newman,

Ramadhani Nordin, Arnold Kisiraga, Joseph Mbezi, Steffen Reich, Sultan Juma, Alfred Msokwa, Ulrich Weber, Richard Magoma, Peter Swai

The site was guarded 24 hours a day by a man living directly on the site. 3.2 Preparing the Site in Tanzania After the freight containers arrived on the Old Korogwe site the unloading procedure started. All freight containers were placed taking in consideration criteria like short ways to work and view/shut-off protection.

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After the containers were placed the site was divided in three working areas: white zone, intermediate zone and black zone. The different working areas were separated by using red-white-tape with danger material labels. In the white zone no work with contaminated materials was allowed. Only the storing of repacked waste in clean packaging materials and cleaned equipment was allowed. The intermediate zone divided the black and white zone. Between the white and black zone a safety sluice was build to avoid the escape of DDT-dust from the store in the environment. The safety sluice was made of wooden slats and completely covered with plastic, placed directly at the entrance of the store. Only additional repacking was allowed in this zone. The cleaning of low contaminated working equipment had to be done here before ringing into the white zone (boot washer). Directly before the safety sluice a two step boot washer as part of the intermediate zone was integrated. The boot washer consisted of two from each other separated basins. The first basin was filled with a caustic soda solution for decomposing the DDT. The second basin was filled with flushing water for washing away the soda solution. The soda solution as well as wash water were collected in IBC´ s2 for final disposal in the hazardous waste incinerator in Currenta, Dormagen. All workers had to leave the pesticide store (black zone) by using the safety sluice and boot washing system. In the black zone, the main work with the DDT pile, repacking of DDT and contaminated waste was done. The black zone was tapped with PE-foil to avoid formation of dust during the operational work. The store inside was defined as black area. In this area the stay was only with full protection equipment (safety boots, overalls, gloves, masks and glasses (goggles)). As a conclusion of the preparation in different places of the site safety data sheets, Betriebsanweisungen (Operational plans) and emergency plans were displayed in visible places. After finalising of the repacking work and cleaning of contaminated materials a chemical treatment of the contaminated storage hall was started. 3.3 Reporting Before the start of the field work GTZ and Currenta have made an inventory and signed a site taking over document. In this document with photo documentation the status of the site was described and works to be done defined (see Annex 5). All activities during the daily work were documented in a daily report. Therefore all names of the workers and visitors, all occurred incidents and accidents and other

2 IBC � Intermediate Bulk Container; UN-certified Container for liquids

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unusual events were listed. Daily work and results were described. The daily reports were signed by GTZ and Currenta. At the end of the week a weekly report was provided. In this status report the daily reports were summarized by mentioning following data:

accomplished work occurred incidents / accidents occurred delays estimation of packed and unpacked left waste quantities.

The weekly report as summary of the daily reports was signed by representatives of GTZ and Currenta. As a conclusion of all work a site handing over document with detailed photo documentation was provided and signed by representatives of GTZ and Currenta. With the signature on this site handing over document, where all works which were done are listed, GTZ and Currenta confirmed the completion of all work done on site in Tanzania. 3.4 Working Procedure Before the packing activities started, all of the local workers were trained on their work in following points:

Work procedure Safe handling of hazardous chemicals, especial with DDT Waste packaging Correct loading and protection of packaging in the freight containers Cleaning of used equipment Decontamination if case of occurred incidents Final cleaning of the store

The local workers were trained on their job

Training by using the personal safety equipment

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The workers with safety equipment entered the black area for repacking DDT. The DDT pesticides were transferred with shovels into black PE-bags. The black bags were closed with straps.

The black bags were packed in the black zone

Shovels and brooms were used to pack to fill the

black bags The closed black PE-bags were brought to the safety sluice. In the intermediate zone the black bags were put into transparent bags. This was done because the black bags were contaminated with DDT-dust. By packing the black bags into transparent bags the risk of contamination was reduced to a minimum.

The black bags were packed in transparent bags

in the intermediate zone

A packed Big Bag for labelling and storing.

The transparent clean bag was put in a Big Bag. After the big bags were filled with DDT they were labelled in accordance to ADR/IMDG, marked and stored in freight containers for further shipment.

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A big bag prepared for labelling

A labelled big bag ready to be stored in the

freight container After complete removal of the DDT-dust the store was cleaned by using shovels and brooms and finally by using an industrial vacuum cleaner, followed by a chemical treatment of the whole interior zone of the store (walls, roof and the concrete floor) with caustic soda.

The store was cleaned. The walls were sprayed with caustic soda for denaturizing. The emptied hall

was cleaned in the back by using shovels and brooms. The concrete floor, contaminated with DDT-granulate during a long time period, was broken in small bricks by using (electro) hammers. This small bricks were packed in UN-certified Big Bags for final disposal in the hazardous waste incinerator of Currenta, Germany.

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The concrete floor was destroyed in smaller bricks

The ground after the concrete floor was taken

away The foils were removed from the walls and also packed into UN-certified Big Bags. Gradually the metal sheets were dismantled by the workers and decontaminated by using the caustic soda solution and afterwards with water. The decontaminated metal sheets still in a good condition were left on site for reuse. The waste water was filled up into UN-certified IBC ´s for export to Germany.

The metal sheets were removed by the workers

The metal sheets during cleaning with caustic

soda and water The walls of the pesticide store were demolished and removed. The hollow blocks were torn with hammers and packed in UN-certified Big Bags for final disposal in the hazardous waste incinerator of Currenta, Germany. The maximum size of the stones was 15 cm.

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A worker by demolishing the wall made from

hollow blocks

The hall after removing the walls around

The wood rack of the roof was torn and afterwards cut up with a power saw according to the acceptance conditions of the incineration plant in approx. 80 cm pieces. The cut up timber beams were also packed into certified Big Bags.

A worker was cutting the wood rack with a saw

The destroyed wood rack

The area of the former pesticide store was treated with caustic soda solution for decomposition of the remaining DDT.

The cleaned site

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The freight containers were prepared for the transport via Dar es Salaam harbour to Germany. For this the freight containers were labelled in accordance to ADR and IMDG-Code with the UN-numbers and relevant hazardous materials characters. The big bags were fixed with special air bags to secure the load during transportation. The equipment container was loaded with the technical equipment and the rests of the unused packaging materials. After this all freight containers were prepared for the transport. 4. Transport of the Freight Containers to Germany The prepared 9 containers with waste and one container with remaining equipment were loaded on the 3rd February 2008 by a special side loader on seven trucks. The transport started late in the afternoon towards Dar es Salaam in a convoy. After the containers arrived on the 4th February 2008 in Dar es Salaam the customs procedure started.

A side loader taking a prepared freight container

loaded with DDT-waste

Side loader putting the freight container on the

truck Beginning of March 2008 all 10 freight containers were loaded on the ship MS Stefania for the shipment via Saudi Arabia and Belgium to Hamburg, Germany.

The loaded trucks ready for the travel to Dar es Salaam

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The shortest and easiest route from Tanzania to Germany was via Saudi Arabia and Belgium and therefore Currenta requested the necessary notification permit. Beginning of April 2008 the harbour authority of Jeddah port informed that they didn�t allow the transhipment of the 10 containers coming from Dar es Salaam in Jeddah Port from MS Stefania to the next ship direct to Hamburg Harbour. Currenta has checked the transit permit before starting the transport and it was not foreseeable that MEPA3 didn�t allow the transhipment. The argument of the competent authorities in Saudi Arabia was a confirmed transit of the hazardous waste without transhipment in Jeddah port. They said there was a difference between transit and transhipment, which they didn�t explain in detail in their notification permit. MEPA did not allow to unload the hazardous waste containers in the customs area of Jeddah port because this would have been considered an official import in Saudi Arabia. After longer discussions to all authorities that the waste containers are not supposed to leave the customs area (no official import) and the next ship was already defined, they didn�t allow the transhipment. Also after explaining that both notification forms had, in accordance to Basel Convention, insurance polices to pay for illegal disposal, the authorities in Saudi Arabia didn�t accept the transhipment in Jeddah port. MEPA send the 10 freight containers with the DDT waste and the equipment back to Dar es Salaam. The transport route has now been new arranged - again from Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, via South Africa, Canary Islands/Spain, United Kingdom and Belgium to Hamburg, Germany. To use this route all following relevant competent authorities for international waste shipments had to confirm the transit:

Republic of South Africa, Department Environment Affairs and Tourism Spain, Ministerio de medio Ambiente, y medio Rual y Marino United Kingdom; Environmental Agency Belgium: Federale overheidtsdienst Volksgezundheit,Veiligheid van de

Voedselketen en Leefmilieu Germany, Bezirksregierung Düsseldorf

The first eight freight Containers arrived on 7th August 2008 via Hamburg in Dormagen. One container with DDT-waste has had an incident during transit in Durban Harbour. Another 20��-freight container damaged on one of our containers loaded with DDT by falling down. The container was heavily damaged at one corner (see photo). After a security check by the local harbour authority the damage of the container has not been seen as so serious for a reloading in Durban. The damaged container was sent forward to Hamburg with a later cargo. In Hamburg harbour the customs and harbour authority decided not to allow the transport by truck to Dormagen and instructed the reload on a special truck. The big bags from this container were reloaded on a truck and sent on 9th September 2008 to the hazardous incineration plant in Dormagen. All containers were stored close to the Dormagen incineration plant on a special area

3 MEPA � Meteorology and Environmental Protection Administration

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for containers. This special storage area for materials in closed packaging was only allowed to be entered by wearing personal protection equipment.

The damaged container in Durban, South Africa

5. Final Disposal of all Waste from Korogwe 5.1 Handling of DDT-waste in Dormagen To incinerate the hazardous waste packed in big bags following steps were necessary:

Repacking of DDT-waste in 80-l-cardboard drums and Sending of DDT contaminated construction waste / associated waste as bulk

waste to the bunker. The repacking of the waste into 80-l-cardbboard drums took place in a tent to avoid DDT emission in the environment due to influence of weather like wind and rain. The work in this tent was only allowed for trained workers and by wearing personal safety protection equipment.

The tent in Dormagen for repacking the DDT-

waste

Safety instructions for working in the tent

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In the middle of the tent a rack was located. The big bags with DDT-granulate were put on this rack. The workers cut the big bags and the small clean bags were rolled into cardboard drums, which were located directly in front of the rack.

A big bag put on the rack in the tent

A bag was rolled in a cardboard drum

On each pallet were 4 cardboard drums, which were brought by forklift to the conveyer. The cardboard drums were put into the elevator and then through a sluice into the rotary kiln.

Drums packed with DDT-waste at the elevator system

of the incinerator in Dormagen

Wood and stones were given via bunker in the rotary

kiln The DDT contaminated construction waste / associated waste (wood and stones) was brought directly to the bunker. The big bags were cut off and afterwards tipped in the bunker. Via crane the bunker materials were brought into the rotary kiln.

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5.2 Incineration

Currenta hazardous waste incinerator, Dormagen

The hazardous waste incinerator has three process sections:

A rotary kiln with afterburner chamber, A waste heat boiler for steam generation and A multi-stage flue gas cleaning.

The cardboard drums with the DDT were put into the conveyor and were automatically transported to the drum elevator. The waste was incinerated in a menu with other waste streams. Important for incineration was a calorific value of ~ 15.000 MJ/kg and an in advance defined contamination of halogens and heavy metals, which have to be separated in the flue gas cleaning system.

Conveyor with packed drums

Drum leaving the elevator and going through a

channel into the rotary kiln

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Pattern of the process of the hazardous waste incineration in Dormagen

The rotary kiln is a slight inclined pipe with a diameter of 3.5 m and a length of approximately 12 m that is lined with fire-proof material. The temperature at the end of the kiln is around 1000 o C. The organic waste components were completely oxidized as they pass through the kiln. The inorganic waste components formed a melt that runs off at a lower end into a slag remover filled with water, where it solidifies and was discharges on a continuous basis. The vitreous slag was non-leachable and suitable for landfilling.

The slag remover at RVA Dormagen

The afterburner chamber is a vertical cylinder that was also lined with fire-proof material. Burners charged with other liquid waste ensure the maintenance of the incineration temperature of 1200 o C. The hot flue gases leaving the afterburner chambers arrived at the boiler (heat recovery), where their energy content was used to generate steam at an over

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pressure of approximately 41 bar and a temperature of around 350 o C. This steam was fed into the Chempark grid4 as process steam. During the subsequent multi-stage process, flue gases were cleaned to such an extent to ensure reliable compliance with the limits of the 17th BImSchV5. The individual flue gas cleaning devices were: Quencher: The first flue gas cleaning device was the quencher, a scrubber operating in direct current mode. The quencher cooled the flue gas to its saturation temperature (approximately 70 o C). Acids and coarse dust were also removed. Rotary Scrubber (acidic): In the acidic rotary scrubbers downstream from the quencher, the rinsing solution was fed onto centrifugal wheels, creating a fine film of liquid. As this film flow through the device, the flue gas came into close contact with the rinsing solution, removing further acidic flue gas components and the fine dust. Rotary Scrubber (alkaline): At this stage of flue gas cleaning, the rinsing water was set to a neutral or slightly alkaline pH by adding sodium hydroxide solution. The scrubber removed sulphur oxides and further fine dust from the flue gas. Electrostatic flue gas cleaning in a wet-wall electrostatic precipitator. The flue gas flow through the tubes, which had sprayed electrodes clamped centrally in them. These electrodes were subjected to a high voltage and generated an electrical field. This field transported electrostatically charged flue gas components � mainly fine dust and aerosols � to the tube walls. Because the tubes were cooled from the outside, the flue gas saturated with water vapour condenses on them the condensate run-off rinses the deposited dusts and salts from the tube walls. The catalytic unit reduced the amount of nitrogen oxides in the flue gas and destroy dioxins and furans. A heat exchanger and an additional gas burner heated the flue gases to the reaction temperature of approximately 300 o C. Ammonia water was sprayed into the flue gas.

Parts of the scrubber and special connections for liquids of RVA Dormagen

4 Chempark grid � steam pipeline net to all users in the chempark 5 17. BImSchV � Regulation for the incineration and the co-incineration of wastes � limitation of

emission

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After this subsequent cleaning stage, the flue gases were released into the atmosphere through the chimney. The graph below showed the average emission levels in percent compared to the limits stipulated by the 17th BImSchV. The incineration of the DDT wastes from Korogwe did not affect the average emissions.

Average emission levels in percent

At the end 20,777 t of DDT contaminated construction waste and 85,606 t of DDT-granulate from Korogwe was disposed on the 13th October 2008. The disposal certificates were signed and sent to the notified persons, all involved competent authorities and the GTZ, the principle of the project (see Annex 6). With sending this disposal certificates the operational part of the DDT disposal Korogwe has been completed.

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6. Conclusion Estimated 50 t of obsolete DDT were stored under bad conditions in an old pesticide store, which has to be disposed in a safe way. In this project Currenta was responsible for:

to apply all necessary permits, like import licenses of the waste from Tanzania to Germany,

the field wok in Tanzania in an environmental sound manner, cleaning, decontamination and demolishing of the pesticide store, transport of the waste to Germany in accordance to ADR / IMDG-code and the final disposal of all waste in a hazardous waste incinerator in Dormagen,

Germany. At the time of execution to this project there was a delay, because in July 2007 the EU-Regulation on shipment on waste ((EU) No.1013/2006) changed. New notification documents were provided and signed and new insurance polices requested. The operational part of the project started in January 2008 in Tanzania. After all containers left the customs clearance, they were brought to the site in Korogwe. The work in Korogwe was executed accordingto the Environmental Management Plan. Currenta used a bag-in-bag system in UN-certified big bags. According to Currenta principles of responsible care all contaminated construction waste was packed in UN-certified big bags for final disposal in a hazardous waste incinerator in Dormagen. During the transport via Saudi Arabia the containers were rejected at Jeddah Port. The authorities in Saudi Arabia feared the import of the waste and confirmed only a transit without transhipment. A new transport route via South Africa, Canarias Islands (Spain), United Kingdom and Belgium to Germany has to be worked out and permitted. One container packed with DDT was damaged in South Africa. After arriving of this container in Hamburg, the big bag�s has to be repacked on a truck for transport to Dormagen. In September 2008 all waste was stored in a temporary nearby the hazardous waste incinerator in Dormagen. The construction and associated waste was incinerated via the bunker, the DDT-granulate was packed in 80-l-cardboard drums. These drums with the DDT-waste were introduced into the kiln via the drum elevator for final destruction. In total Currenta disposed of 20,777 t DDT-contaminated construction waste and 85,606 t of DDT-granulate � in total of 106,383 tonnes. With the support of the GTZ-office the different challenges in Tanzania, for example customs clearance and local logistics, could be mastered easily. With the support, country experiences and the technical competence on the part of the Convention Project Chemical Safety of the GTZ, particularly Mr. W. Schimpf, the project could be accomplished without bigger problems and briskly. The support in technical details and the experience in export of waste out of Tanzania helped to accomplish the project without further delay. Without this support much could not have been converted so easily.

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It was the first international project for Currenta with the responsibility of the field work in developing countries. Therefore it was an honour for Currenta to work on this international project on behalf of the GTZ. Acknowledgement: Special thanks to all, which cooperated in this project: Dr. Axel Dörken, Head of GTZ Office Dar es Salaam Christel Kullaya, GTZ-Office Dar es Salaam Wolfgang Schimpf, Convention Project Chemical Safety of the GTZ B.T. Baya, Director General NEMC Richard Magoma, Technical Support, MAFS Samwel Msangi, Project Coordinator NEMC Alfred Msokwa, ASP F/Manager NEMC Arnold Kisiraga, ASP F/Manager NEMC Special thanks to BMZ for the possibility to realize this project.