dcgnv‡`‡k bs‡ir kvm‡bi m~pbv · gm gm gbp gj bdwbu--- c„ôv 138 bd‡ivcxq‡`i avmgb...

evsjv‡`k Db¥y³ wek¦we`¨vjq

BwZnvm c„ôv � 137

Dcgnv‡`‡k Bs‡iR kvm‡bi m~Pbv evsjv Z_v fvi‡Z Bs‡iR kvmb GKw`‡b cÖwZwôZ nqwb| wejxqgvb gyNj mvgªv‡Rï c~e©vÂj myev evsjvq weªwUk AvwacZ¨ we¯Ív‡ii cÖwµqv ïiy nq mZi kZ‡Ki †klw`‡K|Gi Av‡M BD‡ivcxqiv †hgb cZz©wMR, †¯úbxq, WvP I divwmiv G‡`‡k G‡m‡Q evwYR¨ K‡i gybvdv AR©‡bi R‡b¨| me‡k‡l G‡`‡k G‡m‡Q Bs‡iR ewYKivÑ kw³ I mvg‡_© hviv wQj Zv‡ì BD‡ivcxq cÖwZØ›`¡x‡ì Zzjbvq †kªô| d‡j †`Lv hvq, av‡c av‡c cÖmvwiZ nq Bs‡iR‡ì AvwacZ¨| GUv g‡b Kiv fzj †h, cjvkxi hy× ïaygvÎ wek¦vmNvZvi dj| KviY cjvkxi cUf‚wg ˆZwi n‡qwQj A‡bK Av‡M| G‡`‡ki m‡½ Bs‡iR evwYwR¨K m¤úK© cÖwZôv, mgKvjxb BD‡iv‡c †fŠ‡MvwjK Avwe®‹vi I evwYwR¨K wecø‡ei Ici wfwË K‡i †h wkí wecøe msNwUZ nq Ges Dcwb‡e‡k we¯Ív‡i D¤§v`bv ˆZwi n‡qwQj ZviB cwiYwZ cjvkx| 1698 mv‡j KwjKvZv, myZvbwU I †Mvwe›`cyi GB wZbwU MÖvg‡K †K›`ª K‡i Bs‡iR AvwacZ¨ cÖmvwiZ n‡Z _v‡K| 1698 †_‡K 1756 mgqKvj wQj cÖK…Zc‡¶ Jcwb‡ewkK ivóª cÖwZôvi cÖ¯ÍzwZKvj| cjvkxi hy‡×i cieZx© NUbvcÖevn †Kv¤úvwb‡K DØy× K‡i cÖK…Z ¶gZv `L‡ji R‡b¨| †`kxq bicwZ‡ì g‡a¨ gxi Kvwmg †kl †Póv K‡iwQ‡jb we‡`kx kvmb †_‡K gy³ n‡Z| wKšÍz e·v‡ii hy‡× wZwb civwRZ nb| Gici 1765 mv‡j Bs‡iRiv evsjv, wenvi I Dwol¨vi wÌqvbx jvf K‡i| Av‡jvP¨ BDwb‡Ui wewfbœ cv‡V GB welqmg~n wb‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q|

Gm Gm GBP Gj

BDwbU--- c„ôv � 138

BD‡ivcxq‡ì AvMgb

D‡Ïk¨ GB cvV c‡o AvcwbÑ • evsjv Z_v fvi‡Z BD‡ivcxq‡ì AvMg‡bi cUf‚wg I KviY Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb; • cZz©wMR I †¯úbxq‡ì AvMg‡bi welqwU Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb; • divwm kw³i AvMgb, Zv‡ì evwYR¨ Ges AvwacZ¨ cÖwZôvq Bs‡iR‡ì mv‡_ Ø‡› ¡i welqwU

Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb; • evsjv Ges fvi‡Z Bs‡iR‡ì AvMgb I AvwacZ¨ cÖwZôvi welqwU Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb|

cUf‚wg

evsjv Z_v fviZxq Dcgnv‡`‡ki mv‡_ cÖ_g cwiP‡q BD‡ivcxq ewYK, ˆmwbK, HwZnvwmK, `vk©wbK Ges ivR`~ZMY we¯§‡q gy» Ges nZevK n‡qwQ‡jb|cÖvPxbKv‡j ÷ªv‡ev, †n‡ivWUvm Ges †gMvw¯’wb‡mi weeiYx †_‡K Rvbv hvq †h, GB AÂjwU weË‰efe Ges AZzj Hk¦‡h©i cxV¯’vb wQj| ga¨hy‡M BD‡ivc †_‡K ga¨cÖvP¨ Ges fviZ n‡q `w¶Y-c~e© Gwkqvq †h evwYR¨c_ wQj Zv BD‡ivcxq

cvV - 1

G BDwb‡Ui cvV¸‡jv n‡”Q t • cvV-1. BD‡ivcxq‡ì AvMgb • cvV-2. wmivR D‡ÏŠjv I cjvkxi hy× • cvV-3. ievU© K¬vBf • cvV-4. gxi Kvwkg I e·v‡ii hy× • cvV-5. Bs‡iR‡ì wÌqvbx jvf I ˆØZ kvmb



Ges Avie ewYK‡ì g~j †¶Î wQj| ¯^Y©, nxiv-gvwbK, `viywPwb, GjvP BZ¨vw` †fvM¨cY¨ cÖvP¨ †`k †_‡K BD‡ivc †hZ Ges evsjv †_‡K †hZ RMwØL¨vZ gmwjb| A_©vr Kíbv iwOb, Hk¦h©evb evsjvi GKwU wPÎ we‡`kx‡ì g‡b gyw`ªZ n‡qwQj| 1453 wLª. ZzwK© kvmKiv Kb÷vw›U‡bvcj (B¯Ív¤^yj) `Lj Kivi ci †_‡K Zviv f‚ga¨mvMi GjvKvq GK”QÎ AvwacZ¨ cÖwZôv K‡i| ZLb cÖZx‡Pï †`k¸‡jv GKwU weKí evwYR¨c‡_i mÜvb K‡iwQj| Avi GB gwiqv cÖ‡Póv †_‡K c‡bi kZ‡K ïiy nq †fŠ‡MvwjK Avwe®‹vi Ges †bŠc‡_ AvwacZ¨ cÖwZôvi msMÖvg| GR‡b¨ †h †bŠ-`¶Zv cÖ‡qvRb Zv BD‡ivcxq‡ì wQj| Zviv DbœZgv‡bi RvnvR ˆZwi Ges †bŠ-we`¨vq h‡_ó cvi`wk©Zv AR©b K‡i| GKB mgq BD‡iv‡c †h †i‡bmuv ev beRvMiY m„wó nq, Zv‡Z †MvUv cwðg BD‡ivc Ry‡o bZzb hy‡Mi m~Pbv K‡i| gvby‡li g‡b `ytmvnm Ges ARvbv‡K Rvbvi `ywb©evi †KŠZ‚nj ˆZwi nq|

fvi‡Z Avmvi cÖ_g cÖ‡Póv Pvjvq cZz©Mvj I †¯ú‡bi bvweKiv| Kj¤^vm fvi‡Z Avmvi R‡b¨ hvÎv K‡iwQ‡jb wKšÍz wZwb wM‡q †cŠu‡Qb Av‡gwiKv gnv‡`‡k| 1498 wLª. fv‡¯‹v-`v-Mvgv fvi‡Zi KvwjKU e›`‡i †cŠu‡Qb| Gfv‡e BD‡ivcxq‡ì mv‡_ cÖZ¨¶ Ges e¨vcK m¤úK© ¯’vwcZ nq|

cZz©wMR ewYK‡ì AvMgb

cZz©wMRiv †h KvwjKU e›`‡i cÖ_g AeZiY K‡iwQj, Zvi mg„w× n‡qwQj Avie ewYK‡ì nv‡Z| wKšÍz fv‡¯‹v-`v-Mvgvi cieZx© cZz©wMR ewYK Avjfv‡iR Kveªvj (Alverez Cabral) Avie ewYK‡ì KvwjKU e›ì †_‡K weZvo‡bi D‡`¨vM MÖnY K‡ib| d‡j KvwjK‡Ui Rvgvwib (ivRv) ¯’vbxq gymjgvb, Avie ewYK Ges ¸Riv‡Ui ivRvi mvnv‡h¨ cZz©wMR‡ì weiy‡× hy× †NvlYv K‡ib| hy‡× Zuvi civRq nq| †KvwP‡bi ivRv cZz©wMR‡ì mnvqZv K‡ib| Gici cZz©wMRiv eû Avie ewYK Ges bvweK‡ì b„ksmfv‡e nZ¨v K‡i|

1510 wLª. AvjeyKvK© fvi‡Zi †Mvqvq cZz©wMR ivRvi cÖwZwbwa wn‡m‡e Av‡mb| Zvi mg‡qB Gwkqvi Pvwiw`‡Ki †bŠc‡_ cZz©wMR AvwacZ¨ cÖwZôv nq|cvim¨ DcmvM‡ii nigyR cÖYvjx †_‡K gvj‡qwkqvi gvjv°v Ges B‡›`v‡bwkqvi gkjvi Øxç‡jv‡Z Zv‡ì AvwacZ¨ we¯Í„Z n‡qwQj| fviZ gnvmvMi Ges cÖkvšÍ gnvmvM‡ii DcK‚jfv‡M bZzb ivR¨ MÖvm Kivi R‡b¨ Zviv AweiZ hy×weMÖ‡n wjß _vK‡Zv| cvkvcvwk Zviv PvB‡Zv †h, BD‡iv‡ci Ab¨vb¨ †`k †_‡K AvMZ ewYK`j‡K civwRZ K‡i GK‡PwUqv AwaKvi cÖwZôv Ki‡Z| Ab¨w`‡K ¯’j I †bŠc‡_ `myë„wË Pvjv‡Z cZz©wMRMY †Kvb wØav Ki‡Zv bv| Dwbk kZ‡Ki L¨vwZgvb weªwUk HwZnvwmK †Rgm wgj gšÍe¨ K‡iwQ‡jb, ÒcZz©wMRiv cÖavbZ eëmv-evwYR¨ Kivi R‡b¨ we‡`‡k †hZ| wKšÍz H mg‡qi WvP Ges Bs‡iR‡ì g‡ZvB my‡hvM cvIqv gvÎB jyÉb Ki‡Zv|Ó ag© wel‡q Zviv Amwnòz wQj Ges AwaK…Z AÂ‡j Zviv †h bxwZ MÖnY K‡i Zv n‡jv, Ònq wLª÷ ag© MÖnY Ki A_ev g„ZzëiY Ki|Ó

AvjeyKv‡K©i cieZx© cZz©wMR †mbvcwZiv w`D, `gb, mj‡mU, e¨vwmj, †PŠj, †ev¤^vB, mvj&Uvg, ûMjx AwaKvi K‡i †bq| Gfv‡e fvi‡Z `xN©w`b a‡i eëmvq wb‡qvwRZ Aviweq ewYK‡ì nwU‡q †`q cZz©wMRiv| wKšÍz Dcgnv‡`‡k Zviv `xN©w`b eëmv Ki‡Z cv‡iwb wKsev wewRZ AÂjI a‡i ivL‡Z cv‡iwb|

Gm Gm GBP Gj


Ab¨w`‡K cZz©wMR‡ì mgmvgwqK Av‡iK mvgªvRëv`x kw³ †¯úb µgk cÖwZ‡hvwMZvq wcwQ‡q c‡o| †lvj kZ‡Ki wØZxqv‡a© Bsj¨vÛ, nj¨vÛ I d«v‡Ýi µgea©gvb evwYwR¨K mg„w× I †bŠkw³ wek¦ evwY‡R¨ cZz©wMR I †¯ú‡bi AvwacZ¨‡K webó K‡i †`q|

WvP ev Ij›`vR‡ì AvMgb

`xN©Kvj †_‡KB WvP ewYKiv cÖvP¨‡`‡ki mv‡_ eëmv I evwYR¨ Ki‡Zv| 1595 wLª. PviwU WvP RvnvR DËgvkv AšÍixc n‡q fvi‡Zi D‡Ï‡k¨ hvÎv K‡i| 1602 wLª. AmsL¨ WvP †Kv¤úvwb wg‡j MwVZ nq WvP B÷ BwÛqv †Kv¤úvwb| †b`vij¨v‡Ûi cvj©v‡g›U GK PvU©vi ev AbygwZc‡Î GB †Kv¤úvwb‡K WvP RvwZi c‡¶ hy× ev mwÜ, ivR¨ Rq I `yM© wbg©v‡Yi AwaKvi cÖ`vb K‡iwQj|

WvP‡ì cÖavb AvKl©‡Yi †¶Î wQj B‡›`v‡bwkqvi Rvfv, mygvÎv Ges Ab¨vb¨ gmjv mg„× Øxç‡jv, evsjv wKsev fviZel© bq| Z‡e Zviv B‡›`v‡bwkqv AÂ‡j cÖfzZ¡ ¯’vcb Ki‡Z wM‡q fvi‡Zi eëmv-evwYR¨ †_‡KI m‡i Av‡mwb| ¸RivU, myivU, †eªvP, K¨v‡¤^, AvMÖv, Avn‡g`vev`, †KvwPb, evsjvi P~uP~uov BZ¨vw` ¯’v‡b Zv‡ì eëmvwqK NuvwU ev KzwV ¯’vcb K‡i| 1658 wLª. WvPiv cZz©wMR‡ì civwRZ K‡i kªxjsKv `Lj K‡i †bq|

WvPiv fviZ †_‡K bxj, †ikg, Zzjv, AvjKg Avg`vwb Ki‡Zv| fviZ I `w¶Y-c~e© Gwkqvq eëmv-evwYR¨ wb‡q AvVvi kZ‡Ki gvSvgvwS ch©šÍ WvP I Bs‡iR‡ì g‡a¨ evwYwR¨K cÖwZ‡hvwMZv Ges Ø›`¡-msNvZ Ae¨vnZ wQj| wKšÍz 1759 wLª÷v‡ãi ci †_‡K `w¶Y-c~e© Gwkqvq B‡›`v‡bwkqv AÂ‡j WvP‡ì AvwacZ¨ Bs‡iRiv ¯^xKvi K‡i wb‡j Zviv fvi‡Zi cwie‡Z© †mLv‡bB g‡bv‡hvMx n‡q Dcwb‡ek ¯’vcb K‡i|

divwm‡ì AvMgb

mgmvgwqK Ab¨vb¨ BD‡ivcxq †`‡ki g‡Zv divwm ewYKMY fviZ Ges evsjvq evwYR¨ Ki‡Z Av‡m| 1664 wLª. PZz`©k jyB Gi A_©gš¿x Kj‡fq‡ii D‡`¨v‡M cÖwZwôZ nq Ôdivwm B÷ BwÛqv †Kv¤úvwb'| mgªvU jyB eëmv‡qi R‡b¨ GB †Kv¤úvwb‡K 30 j¶ UvKv FY wn‡m‡e cÖ`vb K‡ib| 1668 wLª. duªv‡mvqv d¨v‡ivu myiv‡U cÖ_g divwm evwYR¨ KzwV ¯’vcb K‡ib| Gici divwmiv 1669 wLª. gymwjcÆ‡g Av‡iKwU evwYR¨ KzwV ¯’vcb Ges 1672 wLª. Ij›`vR‡ì KvQ †_‡K mvbUzg evwYR¨ KzwV `Lj K‡i †bq| 1673 wLª. divwmiv cwÛ‡Pix‡Z Zv‡ì me©e„nr evwYR¨ KzwV ¯’vcb K‡i| d«uv‡mvqv gvwU©b, `ygv Ges -`y‡c i †Póvq cwÛ‡Pix me©vwaK mg„× I kw³kvjx evwYR¨ †K‡›`ª cwiYZ nq| 1674 wLª. divwmiv evsjvi myev`vi kv‡q¯Ív Lv‡bi KvQ †_‡K P›`bbM‡ii AwaKvi jvf K‡i| Z‡e fvi‡Z AvwacZ¨ cÖwZôvq divwmiv Bs‡iR‡ì mv‡_ cÖwZ‡hvwMZvq †kl ch©šÍ †n‡i hvq|

Bs‡iR‡ì AvMgb

Bs‡iRiv n‡”Q ewY‡Ki RvZ| 1599 wLª. Bs‡iR ewYKiv cÖv‡Pï wewfbœ †`‡k evwYR¨ Kivi R‡b¨ MVb K‡i B÷ BwÛqv †Kv¤úvwb| 1600 wLª. ivYx GwjRv‡e_ GB †Kv¤úvwb‡K ivRKxq mb` ev PvU©vi



cÖ`vb K‡ib Ges wZwb ¯^qs GB †Kv¤úvwbi GKRb Askx`vi wQ‡jb| m‡Zi kZ‡Ki cÖ_g `k‡KB Bs‡iRiv fvi‡Z evwY‡Rï R‡b¨ †cŠu‡Q hvq| ivRKxq AbyMÖ‡ni Avkvq K¨v‡Þb nwKÝ bv‡g GK e¨w³‡K AvMÖvq gyNj mgªvU Rvnv½x‡ii Kv‡Q cvVv‡bv nq| cÖ_gw`‡K Zuvi cÖwZ †mŠRb¨ I m¤§vb cÖ`k©b Kiv n‡jI cieZx©Kv‡j cZz©wMR‡ì loh‡š¿ wZwb AvMÖvi ivRìevi †_‡K weZvwoZ nb| d‡j Zv‡ì mv‡_ cZz©wMR‡ì msNvZ Awbevh© wQj Ges 1612 wLª. myiv‡Ui †mvqvjx bvgK ¯’v‡b Bs‡iRiv cZz©wMR‡ì civwRZ K‡i| 1614 wLª÷v‡ã AveviI cZz©wMRiv civwRZ nq| cZz©wMR-Bs‡iR msN‡l© Bs‡iR‡ì weR‡q gyNjiv ey‡S wM‡qwQj †h, Bs‡iR‡ì mvnvh¨ wb‡q †bŠc‡_ cZz©wMR‡ì AvwacZ¨ Le© Kiv hv‡e| Z`ycwi †`kxq ewYKiv GKvwaK we‡`kx †µZv cv‡e Ges cY¨`ª‡eïI Povg~j¨ cv‡eÑ GB aviYv gyNj‡ì n‡qwQj| GB wPšÍvaviv †_‡K gyNj kvmKiv GK digv‡bi gva¨‡g Bs‡iR B÷ BwÛqv †Kv¤úvwb‡K fvi‡Z wKQy evwYR¨ KzwV ev d¨v±wi ¯’vc‡bi AbygwZ cÖ`vb K‡i|

Bs‡iRiv wKQyw`b c‡i gyNj‡ì KvQ †_‡K Av‡iv A‡bK myweav †c‡qwQj| Bsj¨vÛ †_‡K ivR`~Z Ugvm †iv gyNj ivRìev‡i Dcw¯’Z n‡q fvi‡Zi me©Î evwYR¨ KzwV ¯’vcb Ges Aeva hvZvq‡Zi AwaKvi Av`vq K‡i †bb| G‡Z cZz©wMRiv cÖPÛ w¶ß nq| d‡j Zviv Bs‡iR‡ì mv‡_ hy‡× wjß nq Ges 1620 wLª. GK fq¼i †bŠhy‡× cZz©wMRiv civwRZ nq| 1630 wLª. cZz©wMR-Bs‡iR êwiZvi Aemvb nq Ges 1632 wLª. weev‡ni †hŠZzK wn‡m‡e cZz©wMRiv †ev¤^vB ØxcwU Bs‡iR‡ì cÖ`vb K‡i| D‡jøL¨ †m mg‡q Bsj¨v‡Ûi ivRv 2q Pvj©m cZz©wMR ivbx‡K weevn K‡iwQ‡jb|

B÷ BwÛqv †Kv¤úvwbi hy×bxwZ

evwYR¨ e„w×i ci B÷ BwÛqv †Kv¤úvwb 1686 wLª. †_‡K ivR¨ ¯’vcb I ivR¨ kvm‡bi ¯^cœ †`L‡Z ïiy Kij| d‡j H ermi evsjvq B½-gyNj msNl© nq Ges Bs‡iRiv evsjv †_‡K weZvwoZ nq| wKšÍz Re Pvb©K bvgK GKRb `~i`kx© Bs‡iR Kg©KZ©v Av‡cv‡li cÖ‡Póv Pvjvb| 1690 wLª. wZwb KwjKvZvi myZvbwU‡Z wd‡i Av‡mb| g~jZ Zuvi mgqB (1690 wLª.) KwjKvZv bMixi cËb nq| 1698 wLª. KwjKvZv, myZvbwU, †Mvwe›`cyiÑ GB wZbwU MÖv‡gi Rwg`vix jvf K‡i †Kv¤úvwb| 1700 wLª. evsjvq Bs‡iR evwYR¨ KzwV¸‡jv GKwÎZ K‡i GKwU KvDwÝj cÖwZôv Kiv nq| H eQiB GKwU myiw¶Z `yM© ¯’vcb Kiv nq Ges Bsj¨v‡Ûi ivRv 3q DBwjqv‡gi bvgvbymv‡i bvg ivLv nq †dvU© DBwjqvg| beMwVZ KvDwÝ‡ji mì `ßi ¯’vwcZ nq †dvU© DBwjqv‡g Ges Gi cÖ_g †cÖwm‡W›U ev Mfb©i wbhy³ nb Pvj©m Avqvi|

B‡Zvg‡a¨ evsjv Ges fvi‡Zi wewfbœ AÂ‡j Bs‡iRiv Ab¨vb¨ BD‡ivcxq RvwZ‡K evwYwR¨K cÖwZØw›`¡Zvq nvwi‡q †`q| ïaygvÎ divwmiv wewfbœ AÂ‡j Bs‡iR‡ì mv‡_ cÖwZØw›`¡Zvq wjß wQj| Bs‡iRiv evwYwR¨K myweav Av`v‡qi R‡b¨ wewfbœ K‚U‰bwZK D‡`¨vM MÖnY K‡i Ges gyNj ivRìev‡i `~Z †cÖiY Ae¨vnZ iv‡L| GB wbišÍi cÖ‡Póvi djI Zviv cvq| 1717 wLª. gyNj mgªvU diiyLwkqvi GK digv‡b evsjv, †ev¤^vB Ges gv`ªv‡R B÷ BwÛqv †Kv¤úvwb‡K webv ï‡é evwYR¨ Kivi AwaKvi cÖ`vb K‡ib| GKB mgq Bs‡iRiv wb‡R‡ì gy`ªv cÖPj‡bi AwaKvi jvf K‡i| A‡bK HwZnvwmK GB digvb‡K evsjv Z_v fviZe‡l© Bs‡iR AvwacZ¨ cÖwZôvi R‡b¨ `vqx K‡i‡Qb| e¯ÍzZ, evsjv Z_v `w¶Y Gwkqvi BwZnv‡m GK hyMmwÜ¶‡Y B÷ BwÛqv †Kv¤úvwbi ewYKiv evsjv, gv`ªvR I †ev¤^vB-G Zv‡ì fwel¨Z mvgªv‡Rï wfwË wbcyYfv‡e ¯’vcb K‡i|

Gm Gm GBP Gj


mvims‡¶c

evsjv Z_v fviZxq Dcgnv‡`‡ki mg„w× BD‡ivcxq‡ì G‡`‡k AvMg‡b Drmvnx K‡i †Zv‡j| BD‡ivcxq‡ì g‡a¨ cZz©MxRiv cÖ_g fvi‡Z Av‡m| µ‡g WvP (Ij›`vR), divwm, Bs‡iR‡ì AvMgb N‡U| Zviv evwYwR¨K Kvh©µg ïiy K‡i|evwYwR¨K cÖwZ‡hvwMZv I Ø› ¡-msNv‡Z †kl ch©šÍ GwM‡q hvq Bs‡iRiv|

mnvqK MÖš’cÄx t 1| Ave`yj Kwig, evsjvi BwZnvm (1200-1857 wLª.)| 2| W. gyn¤§` Ave`yi iwng I Ab¨vb¨, evsjv‡`‡ki BwZnvm| 3| Muhammed Mohar Ali, History of the Muslims of Bengal, Vol. 1(A). 4| J.N. Sarkar, History of Bengal, Vol. II. cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqbÑ ˆbe©¨w³K cÖkœ t mwVK DË‡ii cv‡k wUK (√) wPý w`b| 1| BD‡ivcxq ewYK‡ì g‡a¨ evsjvq cÖ_g G‡mwQjÑ (K) Bs‡iRiv (L) cZz©wMRiv (M) divwmiv (N) w`‡bgviiv| 2| WvP B÷ BwÛqv †Kv¤úvwb cÖwZwôZ nqÑ (K) 1600 wLª. (L) 1601 wLª. (M) 1602 wLª. (N) 1603 wLª.| 3| divwm B÷ BwÛqv †Kv¤úvwb MwVZ nq Kvi D‡`¨v‡M? (K) Kj‡fqi (L) PZz`©k jyB (M) R¨vK wkivK (N) `¨ Mj| 4| KwjKvZv gnvbMixi cÖwZôv nq KZ wLª÷v‡ã? (K) 1600 wLª. (L) 1630 wLª. (M) 1660 wLª. (N) 1690 wLª.| msw¶ß cÖkœ t 1| BD‡ivcxqiv fvi‡Z Avmvi evwYR¨ c_ †Kb mÜvb KiwQj? 2| AvjeyKvK© †K wQ‡jb? 3| WvP‡ì ZrciZvi msw¶ß weeiY w`b| 4| wKfv‡e KwjKvZv gnvbMixi cËb nq?



iPbvg~jK cÖkœ t 1| †Kb I wKfv‡e BD‡ivcxqiv evsjv Ges fvi‡Z AvMgb K‡i? cZz©wMR I Ij›`vR‡ì G AÂ‡j

AvMgb Ges Zv‡ì ZrciZv m¤ú‡K© weeiY w`b| 2| †Kb Bs‡iRiv evsjv I fvi‡Z G‡mwQj? wKfv‡e Zviv Zv‡ì AvwacZ¨ cÖwZôv K‡iwQj?

wmivR D‡ÏŠjv I cjvkxi hy×

D‡Ïk¨ GB cvV c‡o AvcwbÑ

• beve wmivR D‡ÏŠjvi cÖv_wgK Amyweavmg~n Ges wKfv‡e wZwb †m¸‡jv AwZµg K‡ib †m wel‡q Rvb‡eb;

• Bs‡iR B÷ BwÛqv †Kv¤úvwbi m‡½ wmiv‡Ri we‡iv‡ai KviYmg~n e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z cvi‡eb; • 1757 wLª÷v‡ã msNwUZ cjvkxi hy‡×i cUf‚wg I hy‡×i msw¶ß eY©bv w`‡Z cvi‡eb; • cjvkxi hy‡×i djvdj I wmivR D‡ÏŠjvi civR‡qi KviY we‡kølY Ki‡Z m¶g n‡eb|

evsjvi gmb‡` wmiv‡Ri Av‡ivnY I Zuvi cÖv_wgK Amyweavmg~n

1756 wLª÷v‡ãi GwcÖj gv‡m beve Avjxe`x© Lv‡bi g„Zzï ci Zuvi †`ŠwnÎ wmivR D‡ÏŠjv gywk©`vev‡ì gmb‡` e‡mb| Avwje`x© Lvb g„Zzï c~‡e©B wmivR‡K Zuvi DËivwaKvix g‡bvbxZ K‡ib| wmivR D‡ÏŠjvi Rb¥ n‡qwQj 1733 wLª÷v‡ã Ges gywk©`vev‡ì gmb‡` emvi mgq Zuvi eqm wQj 23 eQi| B‡Zvc~‡e© gvZvg‡ni mvwbœ‡a¨ †_‡K wZwb mgibxwZ I kvmb wel‡q `x¶v jvf K‡ib| Avwje`x© Lvb Zuv‡K wenv‡ii bv‡qe bvwhg wbhy³ K‡ib| wZwb gvZvg‡ni m‡½ gvivVv‡ì weiy‡× hy‡×I Ask †bb| Gme AwfÁZv _vKv m‡Ë¡I gmb‡` Avmxb n‡q wZwb A‡bK cÖwZeÜKZvi m¤§yLxb nb| wmiv‡Ri cÖwZ weiƒc _vKvq Zuvi Lvjv N‡mwU †eMg wmiv‡Ri GK Lvjv‡Zv fvB kIKZ R½‡K gmb‡` emv‡bvi Rb¨ lohš¿ K‡ib| wZwb Zuvi wecyj m¤ú` I cÖwZcwË bZzb bev‡ei weiy‡× eënv‡ii †Póv K‡ib| Ab¨w`‡K bev‡ei cÖavb †mbvcwZ I eLkx gxi Rvd‡ii f‚wgKvI wQj KzPµxi| G‡ì cÖ‡ivPbv I mg_©‡b DrmvwnZ n‡q c~wY©qvi kvmbKZ©v kIKZ R½ wmiv‡Ri cÖwZ Aeva¨ nb Ges Zuvi AvbyMZ¨ †g‡b wb‡Z A¯^xKvi K‡ib|

gmb‡` Av‡ivn‡Yi ci wmivR D‡ÏŠjv h‡_ó mvnm I `„p msK‡íi cwiPq †`b| wZwb Dcjwä K‡ib †h, N‡ii kÎy‡K `gb Ki‡Z bv cvi‡j Zuvi gmb` wb®‹ÈK n‡e bv| wZwb cÖ_‡g cÖkvm‡b KwZcq iè`j K‡ib| gxi Rvdi‡K eLkxi c` †_‡K AcmviY K‡i gxi g`b‡K H c‡` wbhy³ K‡ib|

cvV - 2

Gm Gm GBP Gj


Zuvi cvwievwiK †Ìqvb †gvnbjvj‡K mwPe c‡` DbœxZ K‡ib Ges Zuv‡K gnvivRv Dcvwamn cÖavbgš¿xi gh©v`v †`qv nq| †gvnbjv‡ji wcZ…e¨ RvbwKivg‡K Ôivq ivqvb' Dcvwamn wb‡Ri †Ìqvb wbhy³ K‡ib| Gici beve kÎy‡ì weiy‡× AvNvZ nv‡bb| cÖ_‡g wZwb N‡mwU †eM‡gi gwZwSj cÖvmv` Ae‡iva K‡i abiZœmn Zuv‡K bev‡ei gbmyiMÄ cÖvmv‡` wb‡q Av‡mb| Gici beve kIKZ R½‡K `g‡bi D‡Ï‡k¨ c~wY©qv Awfgy‡L hvÎv K‡ib| wZwb ˆmbëvwnbxmn ivRgnj †cŠuQ‡j kIKZ R½ fq †c‡q bev‡ei cÖwZ AvbyMZ¨ †`Lvb| G‡Z wmivR Zuvi ˆmbëvwnbx cÖZ¨vnvi K‡i †bb|

Bs‡iR B÷ BwÛqv †Kv¤úvwbi m‡½ we‡iva

beve wmivR D‡ÏŠjv gywk©`vev‡ì wmsnvm‡b emvi Aíw`‡bi g‡a¨B Zuvi m‡½ Bs‡iR B÷ BwÛqv †Kv¤úvwbi we‡iva m„wó nq| wmivR hLb gmb‡` e‡mb ZLb cÖPwjZ cÖ_v Abyhvqx Ab¨vb¨ BD‡ivcxq ewYKMY Dc‡XŠKbmn Zuv‡K Awfb›`b Rvbvq, wKšÍz Bs‡iR ewYKiv Zv K‡iwb|G ¯^xK…Z ixwZ D‡c¶v Kivq bev‡ei cÖwZ Am¤§vb Kiv nq| wØZxqZ, †Kv¤úvwbi Kg©Pvixiv †eAvBbxfv‡e e¨w³MZ eëmvq wjß nq Ges 1717 wLª÷v‡ã gyNj mgªv‡Ui †`qv digv‡bi myweavi Aceënvi K‡i| †Kv¤úvwbi Mfb©i `ybx©wZi Avkªq wb‡q e¨w³MZ eëmv‡qi Rb¨ Zv‡ì‡K `¯ÍK w`‡Zb| Gfv‡e ïé duvwK †`qvq gyNj ivR‡Kv‡li Amvgvb¨ ¶wZ nq|wmivR D‡ÏŠjv `¯Í‡Ki Aceënvi eÜ Kivi Rb¨ wb‡`©k w`‡jI Bs‡iR Mfb©i †WªK †m wb‡`©k D‡c¶v K‡ib| Z…ZxqZ, 1756 wLª÷v‡ã BD‡iv‡c Bs‡iR I divwm‡ì g‡a¨ hy× euvavi Dcµg nq| Gi cÖfve fvi‡Z Bs‡iR I divwm ewYK‡ì Ici G‡m c‡o| Bs‡iRiv G cwiw¯’wZ‡Z KwjKvZvq Ges divwmiv P›`bbM‡i mgim¾v I `yM© wbg©vY Ki‡Z ïiy K‡i| wmivR D‡ÏŠjv BD‡ivcxq ewYK‡ì G‡`‡k `yM© wbg©v‡Yi KvR eÜ Kivi Av‡`k †`b| divwmiv Zuvi Av‡`k †g‡b †bq, wKšÍz KwjKvZvi Bs‡iR Mfb©i †WªK bev‡ei wb‡`©k Agvb¨ K‡i `yM© wbg©vY KvR Pvjv‡Z _v‡K| PZz_©Z, KwjKvZvi Bs‡iR KZ…©c¶ bev‡ei Aeva¨ I Acivax Kg©Pvix‡ì‡K Avkªq w`‡q Zuvi weiy‡× D®‹vbxg~jK Kv‡R wjß nq| Rvnv½xibM‡ii wÌqvb ivRejø‡fi cyÎ K…òejøf bev‡ei ivR‡¯î eû A_© wb‡q KwjKvZvq cvwj‡q hvq Ges Bs‡iR‡ì Avkªq †bq| G‡Z beve Bs‡iR‡ì Ici fxlY µz× nb| wZwb wePv‡ii Rb¨ K…òejøf‡K Zuvi wbKU cÖZ¨vc©Y Ki‡Z Bs‡iR Mfb©i †WªK‡K wb‡`©k †`b|†WªK bev‡ei Av‡`k Agvb¨ K‡ib Ges bev‡ei `~Z bvivqY `vm‡K KwjKvZv †_‡K Acgvb K‡i Zvwo‡q †`b| Bs‡iR‡ì Gme AvPi‡Y beve AZ¨šÍ ¶zä nb|

Bs‡iR‡ì J×‡Z¨ Ges Aeva¨Zvq †µvavwb¦Z n‡q beve wmivR D‡ÏŠjv Zv‡ì kvw¯Í †èvi Rb¨ AMÖmi nb|1756 wLª÷v‡ãi 4 Ryb beve Bs‡iR‡ì KvwmgevRvi KzwV AwaKvi K‡i KwjKvZvi w`‡K AMÖmi nb| evsjvi ˆmbëvwnbx‡K evav w`‡Z e¨_© n‡q †WªK AwaKvsk Bs‡iR‡ì‡K wb‡q Rvnv‡R Avkªq †bb| wmivR D‡ÏŠjv GK iKg webv evavq KwjKvZv `Lj K‡ib| K‡qKRb AvnZ I ew›` Bs‡iR ˆmb¨‡K GKwU K‡¶ Ave× ivLv nq| G‡ì g‡a¨ 16 Rb g„ZzëiY K‡i| njI‡qj bvgK R‰bK Bs‡iR Kg©Pvix G NUbv‡K AwZiwÄZ K‡i ÔAÜK‚c nZ¨v' bv‡g Kvwnbx wjwce× K‡ib| Bs‡iRiv KwjKvZv †_‡K weZvwoZ n‡q djZvq Avkªq †bq Ges beve Zuvi †mbvcwZ gvwbK Puv`‡K KwjKvZvi kvmbfvi w`‡q gywk©`vev‡` cÖZ¨veZ©b K‡ib|



KwjKvZv R‡qi ci beve wmivR D‡ÏŠjv Zuvi cÖwZØ›`¡x kIKZ R½‡K kv‡q¯Ív Kivi D‡Ï‡k¨ c~wY©qvi w`‡K AMÖmi nb| gwbnvix bvgK ¯’v‡b Dfq evwnbxi hy× nq Ges hy‡× kIKZ R½ civwRZ I wbnZ nb| B‡Zvg‡a¨ KwjKvZvi cZ‡bi Lei gv`ªv‡R †cŠuQ‡j gv`ªvR cwil` †mbvcwZ ievU© K¬vBf I GWwgivj IqvUm‡bi †bZ…‡Z¡ GK`j ˆmb¨ I †bŠeni cvVvq| 1756 wLª÷v‡ãi 14B wW‡m¤î Bs‡iR †bŠeni fvMxi_x b`x‡Z cÖ‡ek K‡i Ges djZvi Bs‡iR evwnbxi m‡½ G‡ì †hvMv‡hvM ¯’vwcZ nq| K‡qKw`‡bi g‡a¨B K¬vBf I IqvUmb KwjKvZv AvµgY K‡i Zv cybiy×vi K‡ib Ges †dvU© DBwjqvg `yM© myiw¶Z K‡ib| KwjKvZvi Mfb©i gvwbK Puv` bev‡ei mv‡_ wek¦vmNvKZv K‡ib| Zuvi Aax‡b ch©vß ˆmb¨ _vKv m‡Ë¡I wZwb hy× bv K‡i KwjKvZv †_‡K m‡i hvb|

Bs‡iR‡ì KwjKvZv `L‡ji msev` †c‡q wmivR D‡ÏŠjv cybivq m‰m‡b¨ KwjKvZv Awfgy‡L AMÖmi nb| 1757 wLª÷v‡ãi 3 †deªyqvwi bev‡ei evwnbx KwjKvZvi DcK‡É †cŠuQ‡j K¬vBf I IqvUmb AZwK©‡Z Zv‡ì Ici AvµgY Pvjvq| G‡Z bev‡ei ˆmb¨`‡j wKQyUv wek„´Ljvi m„wó nq| cvëv Avµg‡Yi ci Bs‡iR evwnbx KwjKvZvi `y‡M© cjvqb K‡i| KwjKvZv Rq Kivi g‡Zv bev‡ei h‡_ó ˆmb¨kw³ wQj| wKšÍz G mgq Zuvi †mbvcwZ‡ì wek¦¯ÍZv m¤ú‡K© wZwb mw›`nvb n‡q I‡Vb| ZvQvov ZLb Avng` kvn Ave`vjxi wenvi Avµg‡Yi m¤¢vebv †`Lv †`q| G Ae¯’vq beve K¬vB‡fi m‡½

AvjxbM‡ii mwÜ (9 †deªyqvwi, 1757 wLª:) bv‡g GK Pyw³‡Z ¯^v¶i K‡ib| Pyw³i kZ©g‡Z beve Bs‡iR‡ì ¶wZc~iY cÖ`v‡bi A½xKvi K‡ib| Zv‡ì evwYR¨ myweav cÖZ¨vc©Y Kiv nq Ges KwjKvZvi `yM© myiw¶Z Kivi AbygwZI Zviv jvf K‡i|

K¬vBf AvjxbM‡ii mwÜ‡K mvgwqK hy× weiwZ e‡jB g‡b K‡ib Ges bev‡ei m‡½ P~ovšÍ kw³ cix¶vi Rb¨ cÖ¯ÍzZ n‡Z _v‡Kb| BD‡iv‡c ZLb Bs‡iR I divwm‡ì g‡a¨ mßel©e¨vcx hy× ïiy n‡j Gi cÖfve evsjvqI G‡m c‡o| 1757 wLª÷v‡ãi gvP© gv‡m KwjKvZvi Bs‡iRiv evsjvi bev‡ei wb‡la AMÖvn¨ K‡i divwm‡ì KzwV P›`bbMi AwaKvi K‡i †bq| G mgq beve wmivR D‡ÏŠjv‡K DrLv‡Zi Rb¨ gywk©`vev‡` GK †Mvcb lohš¿ `vbv euv‡a| gxi Rvdi‡K gmb‡` emvevi D‡Ï‡k¨ Bqvi jyr‡d Lvb, Lvw`g †nv‡mb, ivq `yj©f, ivRejøf, DwgPuv`, RMr‡kV cÖgyL ˆmb¨va¨¶ I mfvm` loh‡š¿ wjß nq| Giv bev‡ei weiy‡× Bs‡iR‡ì m‡½ †hvMv‡hvM K‡i| K¬vBf D³ lohš¿ ev¯Íevqb Kivi Rb¨ DwgPuv`‡K `vjvj wbhy³ K‡ib Ges Zv‡K 20 j¶ UvKv †èvi cÖwZkªywZ †`qv nq| 1757 wLª÷v‡ãi 23 GwcÖj KwjKvZv KvDwÝj beve wmivR D‡ÏŠjv‡K wmsnvmbPy¨Z Kivi c‡¶ cÖ¯Íve cvk K‡i| gxi Rvd‡ii m‡½I Bs‡iR‡ì GKwU Lmov Pyw³ Aby‡gvw`Z nq|

loh‡š¿i D‡`¨vM-ce© †kl n‡j K¬vBf bev‡ei weiy‡× mwÜ f‡½i wg_¨v Awf‡hvM G‡b Bs‡iR ˆmb¨ wb‡q gywk©`vev‡ì w`‡K hvÎv K‡ib| bev‡ei ûMjx I Kv‡Uvqvi †dŠR`viiv Zuv‡K evav †`qwb| B‡Zvg‡a¨ beve wmivR D‡ÏŠjv Zuvi weiy‡× lohš¿ I †Mvcb Pyw³i K_v AewnZ nb| beve GK wekvj evwnbx wb‡q Bs‡iR‡ì weiy‡× AMÖmi nb Ges gywk©`vev` †_‡K 23 gvBj `w¶‡Y cjvkx cÖvšÍ‡i wkwei ¯’vcb K‡ib| 1757 wLª÷v‡ãi 23 Ryb K¬vB‡fi ˆmbëvwnbx I bev‡ei g‡a¨ cjvkxi hy× msNwUZ nq| gxi Rvdi, ivq `yj©f I Lvw`g †nv‡mb Zv‡ì ˆmb¨‡ì wb‡q hy‡× wbw¯Œq f‚wgKv cvjb K‡i| bev‡ei c‡¶ †gvnb jvj, gxi g`b I wmg‡d« giYcb jovB K‡iI †mbvcwZ gxi Rvd‡ii wek¦vmNvZKZvq weRqx n‡Z cv‡ibwb| †kl ch©šÍ hy‡×i bv‡g †h cÖnmb N‡U Zv‡Z bev‡ei wek¦¯Í evwnbx cjvqb K‡i| beve cjvkx †_‡K ivRavbx gywk©`vev` cÖZ¨veZ©b K‡ib| †mLv‡b ZLb fqfxwZ weivR KiwQj Ges bZzb K‡i hy‡×i cÖ¯ÍzwZ †bqvi g‡Zv cwiw¯’wZ wQj bv| Pig AwbðqZvi g‡a¨

Gm Gm GBP Gj


beve wmivR D‡ÏŠjv cvUbvq cvwj‡q hvevi wm×všÍ †bb| wKšÍz cw_g‡a¨ wZwb aiv c‡ob Ges Zuv‡K gywk©`vev‡` wb‡q hvIqv nq| c‡i gxi Rvd‡ii cyÎ wgi‡Yi wb‡`©‡k gyn¤§`x †eM Zuv‡K nZ¨v K‡i (2 RyjvB, 1757 wLª:)|

cjvkxi hy‡×i djvdj

cjvkxi hy‡×i cÖZ¨¶ dj beve wmivR D‡ÏŠjvi cZb| hy‡×i ci Zuv‡K nZ¨v Kiv nq Ges gxi Rvdi evsjvi gmb‡` e‡mb| wKšÍz evsjv, wenvi I Dwol¨vq Bs‡iR‡ì ivR‰bwZK cÖfve-cÖwZcwË c~‡e©i Zzjbvq eû¸‡Y e„w× cvIqvq gxi Rvdi µxovb‡K cwiYZ nb| cjvkxi hy‡×i ci Bs‡iR †Kv¤úvwbi evwYwR¨K I mvgwiK AvwacZ¨ eû¸‡Y ev‡o| bZzb bev‡ei KvQ †_‡K ¶wZc~iY eve` †Kv¤úvwb cÖPyi A_© jvf K‡i| Dr‡KvP wn‡m‡eI †Kv¤úvwbi Kg©KZ©v-Kg©Pvixiv wecyj A‡_©i gvwjK nq| ïaygvÎ evsjvqB Bs‡iR‡ì GKK evwYwR¨K cÖvavb¨ cÖwZwôZ nqwb, PweŸk ciMYvi Rwg`vixI Zviv jvf K‡i| cjvkxi ci evsjvi AcÖZzj m¤ú` Bs‡iR‡ì KivqË nIqvq kxNªB Zviv `w¶Y I DËi fvi‡Z ¯^xq AvwacZ¨ ¯’vc‡b mg_© nq| cieZx©Kv‡j Dcgnv‡`‡k †h Jcwb‡ewkK kvmb cÖwZwôZ nq Gi m~Pbv cjvkxi hy‡×i gva¨‡gB N‡U|

cjvkxi hy‡× wmivR D‡ÏŠjvi civR‡qi KviY

cjvkxi hy‡× beve wmivR D‡ÏŠjvi civR‡qi Ab¨Zg cÖavb KviY wQj †mbvcwZ gxi Rvd‡ii wek¦vmNvZKZv| Z‡e ïay gxi Rvd‡ii wek¦vmf‡½i Kvi‡YB wmiv‡Ri civRq N‡Uwb| GRb¨ wZwb wb‡RI wKQyUv `vqx wQ‡jb| gmb‡` emvi ci wmivR D‡ÏŠjv †h mvnm I `„pZvi cwiPq †`b, †k‡li w`‡K †miKg g‡bvej wZwb ivL‡Z cv‡ibwb| Avng` kvn Ave`vjxi wenvi Avµg‡Yi Avk¼v Ges gxi Rvdi mn †mbvcwZ, Kg©Pvix‡ì AKg©Y¨Zv I wek¦vmNvZKZvi K_v †R‡b wZwb weg~p n‡q c‡ob| wØZxqZ, †bŠkw³i `ye©jZv bev‡ei mgi cwiKíbv‡K e¨vnZ K‡i| beve wmivR D‡ÏŠjv Bs‡iR‡ì‡K KwjKvZv †_‡K weZvwoZ Ki‡Z m¶g n‡jI fvwMi_x b`x n‡Z Zv‡ì‡K ewn®‹vi Ki‡Z cv‡ibwb| hLb K¬vBf I IqvUmb gv`ªvR n‡Z ˆmb¨ I †bŠevwnbx wb‡q ûMjx b`x‡Z AbycÖ‡ek K‡ib ZLb Zv‡ì‡K cÖwZ‡iva Kivi g‡Zv †bŠkw³ bev‡ei wQj bv| Z…ZxqZ, wZwb hLb ¶gZvq wQ‡jb ZLb evsjvi cwi‡ek I cwiw¯’wZ Zuvi AbyK‚‡j wQj bv| msKxY© ¯^v_©ciZv, `ybx©wZ, wek¦vmNvZKZv cÖf…wZ‡Z mgvR Rxeb †m mgq wQj KjywlZ| †mbvcwZ, gš¿x, Kg©Pvix I ˆmbïv Zz”Q e¨w³MZ ¯^v‡_© RvZxq I Rb¯^v_©‡K RjvÄwj w`‡Zb| Gme Kvi‡Y Zviv ivR‡`ªvnx nb Ges evsjvi ¯^vaxbZv wemR©b †`b|

mvims‡¶c

beve Avwje`x© Lv‡bi DËivwaKvix wmivR D‡ÏŠjv evsjvi gmb‡` emvi ci GKw`‡K wZwb ivR cwiev‡ii GKvs‡ki we‡ivwaZvi m¤§yLxb nb, Ab¨w`‡K Bs‡iR B÷ BwÛqv †Kv¤úvwbi m‡½I Zuvi we‡iva †`Lv †`q| N‡ii kÎy‡K Abvqv‡m `gb Kiv m¤¢e n‡jI we‡`kx ewYK Bs‡iR‡ì‡K P~ovšÍfv‡e cÖwZnZ Ki‡Z wZwb e¨_© nb| cÖavb †mbvcwZ gxi Rvd‡ii ¶gZv wjáv I wek¦vmNvZKZvi Kvi‡Y beve RwUj cwiw¯’wZi m¤§yLxb nb| 1757 wLª÷v‡ã msNwUZ cjvkxi hy‡× wmivR D‡ÏŠjv civwRZ nb Ges c‡i Zuv‡K nZ¨v Kiv nq| gmb‡` e‡mb gxi Rvdi| Bs‡iRiv Gici †_‡K evsjvq wbqš¿‡Ki f‚wgKv cvjb K‡i Ges evwYwR¨K I ivR‰bwZK †¶‡Î GKK

Gm Gm GBP Gj


cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqbÑ ˆbe©¨w³K cÖkœ t mwVK DË‡ii cv‡k wUK (√) wPý w`b| 1| wmivR D‡ÏŠjv KZ eQi eq‡m gmb‡` e‡mb? (K) 17 eQi (L) 21 eQi (M) 23 eQi (N) 25 eQi| 2| kIKZ R½ †Kv_vKvi kvmbKZ©v wQ‡jb? (K) AvjxbMi (L) c~wY©qv (M) ivRgnj (N) wenvi| 3| wmivR hLb gywk©`vev‡`i gmb‡` e‡mb ZLb KwjKvZvi Bs‡iR Mfb©i †K wQ‡jb? (K) K¬vBf (L) †WªK (M) IqvUmb (N) gvwbK Puv`| 4| ÔAÜK‚c nZ¨v' Kvwnbx Kvi ˆZwi? (K) njI‡qj (L) gxi Rvdi (M) K¬vBf (N) Kb©Iqvwjm| 5| †dvU© DBwjqvg `yM© †Kv_vq Aew¯’Z wQj? (K) XvKvq (L) gywk©`vev‡` (M) KwjKvZvq (N) AvMÖvq| 6| AvjxbM‡ii mwÜ KLb nq? (K) 10 GwcÖj, 1756 (L) 14 wW‡m¤^i, 1756 (M) 3 †deªyqvwi, 1757 (N) 9 †deªyqvwi, 1757| 7| beve wmivR D‡ÏŠjv‡K †K nZ¨v K‡ib? (K) gxi Rvdi (L) DwgPuv` (M) gyn¤§`x †eM (N) gxi g`b| msw¶ß cÖkœ t 1| evsjvi wmsnvmb jv‡fi ci wmivR D‡ÏŠjvi cÖv_wgK Amyweav¸‡jv wK wQj? 2| Bs‡iR B÷ BwÛqv †Kv¤úvwbi m‡½ wmivR D‡ÏŠjvi we‡iva n‡qwQj †Kb? 3| cjvkxi hy‡×i djvdj e¨vL¨v Kiyb| 4| wmivR D‡ÏŠjv cjvkxi hy‡× †Kb civwRZ nb? iPbvg~jK cÖkœ t 1| B÷ BwÛqv †Kv¤úvwbi m‡½ wmivR D‡ÏŠjvi we‡iv‡ai KviYmg~n wK wQj? cjvkxi hy‡× wZwb

†Kb civwRZ n‡qwQ‡jb? 2| cjvkxi hy‡×i cUf‚wg eY©bv Kiyb| GB hy‡×i djvdj wK wQj?



ievU© K¬vBf

D‡Ïk¨ GB cvV c‡o AvcwbÑ • K¬vB‡fi cÖv_wgK Rxeb Ges Zvi DÌvb m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb; • evsjvq Ges fvi‡Z B÷ BwÛqv †Kv¤úvwbi cÖavb e¨w³ wn‡m‡e K¬vB‡fi Kg©Kv‡Ûi wewfbœ w`K

m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb; • evsjv Ges fvi‡Z K¬vB‡fi wØZxq ch©v‡qi kvmb m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb; • K¬vB‡fi wewfbœ ms¯‹vi Ges Zvi m¤ú‡K© GKwU g~j¨vqb Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

evsjv Z_v fvi‡Z Bs‡iR Jcwb‡ewkK kvmb cÖwZôvq me©v‡MÖ hvi bvg Ki‡Z nq, wZwb n‡jb ievU© K¬vBf| 1756 †_‡K 1760 wLª. ch©šÍ evsjvq Bs‡iR ivRZ¡ cÖwZôvq K¬vB‡fi Ae`vb wQj A‡bK| †Kv¤úvwbi kvmb cÖwZôvi Rb¨ wZwb lohš¿, kVZv, RvwjqvwZ, `ybx©wZ I mKjN„Y¨cš’vi Avkªq MÖnYK‡iwQ‡jb| Zvi Gme AcKg©‡K †`L‡Z n‡e weªwUk RvwZi Ae¯’vb †_‡K|¯^xKvi Ki‡Z n‡e wZwb wQ‡jb ¶yiavi K‚U‰bwZK Áv‡bi AwaKvix GesGKRb `¶ †mbvcwZ|Z‡e `ybx©wZ, A_©wjáv Ges loh‡š¿i g‡Zv bxP I RNb¨Zg welq¸‡jv K¬vB‡fi Pwi‡Î cÖKvwkZ n‡qwQj|

K¬vB‡fi cÖv_wgK Rxeb

ievU© K¬vBf 1725 wLª. Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| Zuvi eqm hLb 19 eQi ZLb wZwb B÷ BwÛqv †Kv¤úvwb‡Z †Kivwb wn‡m‡e †hvM`vb K‡ib| Zuvi cÖ_g Kg©¯’j wQj gv`ªvR| wKQyw`‡bi g‡a¨ wZwb †Kivwbi PvKwi cwiZ¨vM K‡i B÷ BwÛqv †Kv¤úvwbi †mbv`‡j †hvM †`b Ges 1751 wL÷v‡ãi g‡a¨ K¨v‡Þb c‡` DbœxZ nb| GKB mgq fvi‡Z Bs‡iR‡ì mv‡_ divwm‡ì Zzgyj cÖwZØw›`¡Zv PjwQj| we‡kl K‡i KY©vU‡Ki wØZxq hy‡× Bs‡iRiv divwm‡ì nv‡Z hLb civwRZ n‡Z PjwQj †mB gyn‚‡Z© K¬vB‡fi iY‡KŠkj Bs‡iR‡ì ïay i¶vB K‡iwb eis HwZnvwmK weRq G‡b w`‡qwQj| KY©vU‡Ki wØZxq hy‡× K¬vBf divwm‡ì mivmwi AvµgY bv K‡i KY©vU‡Ki ivRavbx AvK©U `Lj K‡ib| divwmiv 53 w`b hy× K‡i AvK©U `Lj Ki‡Z cv‡iwb| Gici K¬vBf Ai&wb I Kv‡eix cv‡Ki hy‡× divwm‡ì civwRZ K‡i `vw¶Yv‡Z¨ Bs‡iR AvwacZ¨ cÖwZôv K‡ib| Kb©vU‡Ki wmsnvm‡b Bs‡iR‡ì mgw_©Z cÖv_x© †gvnv¤§` Avjx‡K emv‡bv m¤¢e nq Ges †mLv‡b divwm‡ì AvwacZ¨ †jvc cvq| Gfv‡e K¬vB‡fi iY‰bcyY¨, mvnm Ges weP¶YZvi Kvi‡Y fvi‡Z Bs‡iRiv divwm‡ì †cQ‡b †d‡j A‡bK GwM‡q hvq Ges K¬vB‡fi mybvgI e„w× cvq|

cvV - 3

Gm Gm GBP Gj


beve wmivR D‡ÏŠjv KwjKvZv AwaKv‡ii ga¨ w`‡q hLb evsjvq Bs‡iR ¯^v_© P~ovšÍ ûgwKi m¤§yLxb ZLb K¬vBf gv`ªvR n‡Z evsjvq Av‡mb| wZwb Ges IqvUmb mn‡RB KwjKvZv I ûMjx cybiy×vi K‡ib| Gid‡j beve wekvj ˆmbëvwnbx wb‡q KwjKvZv Awfgy‡L hvÎv K‡ib| K¬vBf beve‡K evav w`‡q mwÜ Ki‡Z eva¨ K‡ib|GwU AvjxbM‡ii mwÜ bv‡g L¨vZ Ges GB mwÜ Abyhvqx Bs‡iRiv webvï‡é evwYR¨, †dvU© DBwjqv‡g `yM© ¯’vcb mn Av‡iv A‡bK myweav cvq| bev‡ei mv‡_ mwÜ Ki‡jI K¬vBf wbwðZ n‡Z cv‡ibwb| wZwb eyS‡Z cvi‡jb †h, wmivR ¶gZvq _vK‡j evsjvq Bs‡iR ¯^v_© i¶v m¤¢e bq| Z`ycwi divwmiv bev‡ei Kv‡Q AwaKZi MÖnY‡hvM¨ wQj Ges bev‡ei mv‡_ Zv‡ì wgÎZv NwbôZi nw”Qj| wZwb evsjvq divwm‡ì AvwacZ¨ aŸsm Kivi R‡b¨ my‡hv‡Mi A‡c¶vq wQ‡jb| KY©vU‡Ki Z…Zxq hy‡×i mgq K¬vBf P›`bbM‡i divwm evwYR¨ KzwV `Lj K‡i †bb| GB NUbvq beve iyó nb Ges wZwb divwm‡ì c‡¶ Ae¯’vb †bb| G‡Z K¬vB‡fi D‡ØM A‡bK e„w× cvq|

GB mgq gywk©`vev‡` (evsjvi ivRavbx) beve wmiv‡Ri weiy‡× GKwU †Mvcb lohš¿ PjwQj| K¬vBf GB loh‡š¿ †hvM †`b| wZwb †`L‡jb †h, Bs‡iR‡ì AvwacZ¨ cÖwZôvi †¶‡Î GwU GKwU myeY© my‡hvM| K¬vBf Bs‡iR ¯^v‡_©i R‡b¨ PµvšÍ, RvwjqvwZ, `ybx©wZ, Ab¨vq I AwePvi BZ¨vw` bxP I N„Y¨ c_ Aej¤^b K‡ib| bev‡ei weiy‡× PµvšÍKvix `‡ji †bZv wQ‡jb gxiRvdi| K¬vBf wmivR‡K wmsnvmbPy¨Z K‡i gxiRvdi‡K ¶gZvq emv‡bvi R‡b¨ †Mvcb Pyw³ K‡ib Ges GR‡b¨ wZwb A_© I evwYR¨ myweav jv‡fi cÖwZkªywZ cvb| G‡Z K¬vB‡fi Pwi‡Îi ¯^v_©ciZv I bxPZvi cwiPq cÖKvwkZ nq|

gxiRvd‡ii mv‡_ †Mvcb loh‡š¿ wjß n‡q K¬vBf beve wmiv‡Ri mv‡_ hy‡× AMÖmi n‡jb| cjvkxi cÖvšÍ‡i wmiv‡Ri civRq NU‡j evsjvq K¬vBf ¶gZvi †bc_¨ bvq‡K cwiYZ nb|bZzb beve gxiRvdi K¬vB‡fi Ici wbf©ikxj n‡q c‡ob| gxiRvdi B÷ BwÛqv †Kv¤úvwb‡K 24 ciMbvq Rwg`vix cÖ`vb K‡i Ges †Kv¤úvwb Zuv‡K GB Rwg`vixi Mfb©i wbhy³ K‡i| K¬vBf ¯^qs wekvj As‡Ki UvKv I Rwg MÖnY K‡ib|Gw`‡K bZzb beve gxiRvdi wewfbœ AÂj †_‡K we‡`ªv‡ni m¤§yLxb nb| †hgb †gw`bxcy‡ii kvmbKZ©v ivgivg wmsn, c~wY©qvi kvmbKZ©v nvwRi Avjx Ges Avjx †Mvni (cieZx©Kv‡j mgªvU wØZxq kvn Avjg bv‡g L¨vZ) we‡`ªvn †NvlYv K‡ib| gxiRvdi K¬vB‡fi mg_©‡b Ges mn‡hvwMZvq Gme we‡`ªvn `gb Ki‡Z mg_© nb| Gi cyi¯‹vi wn‡m‡e gxiRvdi K¬vBf‡K KwjKvZvi `w¶YvÂ‡ji GKwU As‡ki RvqMxi cÖ`vb K‡ib| GB AÂjwU K¬vB‡fi RvqMxi bv‡g cwiwPZ wQj| bZzb bev‡ei cÖPÛ A_©‰bwZK msKU m‡Ë¡I K¬vBf gxiRvd‡ii KvQ †_‡K cÖwZkªywZ Av`vq Ki‡Z wej¤^ K‡ibwb|

bZzb beve‡K nv‡Zi cyZz‡j cwiYZ Kiv QvovI K¬vBf 1760 wLª÷v‡ãi g‡a¨ Av‡iv wKQy ¸iyZ¡c~Y© mvdj¨ AR©b K‡ib| Gi g‡a¨ wQj divwm‡ì DËi-miKvi AwaKvi Ges Ij›`vR‡ì weiy‡× Rqjvf| 1759 wLª. divwm Mfb©i KvD›U jvwj `vw¶YvZ¨ †_‡K `ya©l© divwm eywm‡K cÖZ¨vnvi Ki‡j GKwU mvgwqK k~b¨Zvi m„wó nq| GB my‡hv‡M PZzi K¬vBf Bs‡iR †mbvcwZ K‡b©j †dvW©‡K DËi-miKvi `Lj Kivi R‡b¨ †cÖiY K‡ib| †dvW© cÖvq webv cÖwZ‡iv‡a divwm‡ì weZvwoZ K‡i DËi-miKvi `Lj K‡ib| 1759 wLª. B‡›`v‡bwkqvi evUvwfqv (eZ©gvb RvKvZ©v) †_‡K †ekwKQy Ij›`vR ˆmb¨ ûMjx AvµgY K‡i| K¬vBf mn‡RB G‡ì civwRZ K‡i evsjvq Bs‡iR AvwacZ¨‡K Av‡iv we¯Í„Z K‡ib|



K¬vB‡fi wØZxq ch©v‡qi kvmbKvj (1765Ñ67 wLª.)

K¬vB‡fi AeZ©gv‡b evsjvq Kzkvm‡bi e¨vcKZv cÖKU n‡q I‡V| †Kv¤úvwbi Kg©KZ©v I Kg©Pvixiv bvbviKg `ybx©wZ‡Z wjß nq Ges `¯Í‡Ki Aceënvi Ki‡Z _v‡K| d‡j evsjvi A_©‰bwZK I ivR‰bwZK †¶‡Î †Nvi AivRKZv I wek„´Ljvi m„wó nq| G Ae¯’vq `ybx©wZ I Aeë¯’vi Aemv‡bi R‡b¨ †Kv¤úvwbi cwiPvjKgÛjx jW© K¬vBf‡K wØZxqevi evsjvi Mfb©i wbhy³ K‡i †cÖiY K‡ib| hwÌ A‡bK HwZnvwmK gšÍe¨ K‡i‡Qb †h, ÒPywi Ges `ybx©wZ e‡Üi R‡b¨ GK gnv‡Pvi‡K wbhy³ Kiv n‡qwQjÓ|

wÌqvbx jvf

wØZxqevi B÷ BwÛqv †Kv¤úvwbi kvmbKZ©v wbhy³ n‡q K¬vBf hLb evsjvq Av‡mb, ZLb Zuvi mvg‡b KZ¸‡jv mgm¨v wQj| wZwb j¶¨ K‡ib †h, e·v‡ii hy‡×i ci B÷ BwÛqv †Kv¤úvwb evsjvq †h ¶gZv jvf K‡i Zvi †Kvb AvBbMZ wfwË wQj bv| KviY e·v‡ii hy‡× †gvNj mgªvU civwRZ n‡jI wZwbB wQ‡jb mve©‡fŠg ¶gZvi GKgvÎ AwaKvix| e·v‡ii hy‡×i ci A‡hva¨vi bev‡ei mv‡_ †Kvb mwÜ m¤úvw`Z nqwb| evsjvi bev‡ei mv‡_I †Kv¤úvwbi m¤úK© wba©viY Kiv nqwb| myZivs K¬vB‡fi mvg‡b cÖavb `ywU mgm¨v wQj| cÖ_gZ, evsjv I A‡hva¨vi `yB beve I †gvNj mgªv‡Ui mv‡_ †Kv¤úvwbi m¤úK© w¯’i Kiv| wØZxqZ, kvmb Kv‡Ri †¶‡Î cÖ‡qvRbxq ms¯‹vi cÖeZ©b K‡i Aeë¯’v I `ybx©wZi Aemvb Kiv|

e·v‡ii hy‡×i ci A‡hva¨vi beve I w`wjøi †gvNj mgªvU `ye©j n‡q c‡ob| K¬vBf B”Qv Ki‡jB A‡hva¨v I w`wjø `Lj Ki‡Z cvi‡Zb| wKšÍz wZwb evsjv, wenvi I Dwol¨vi evB‡i †Kv¤úvwbi iv‡Rï mxgv we¯Ívi bv Kivi bxwZ AbymiY K‡ib| eis wZwb Zv‡ì‡K Bs‡iR‡ì Ici wbf©ikxj K‡i ivLvi c¶cvwZ wQ‡jb| wZwb A‡hva¨vq beve myRv D‡ÏŠjv‡K beve wn‡m‡e ¯^xK…wZ †`b| ¶wZc~iY wn‡m‡e wZwb cÂvk j¶ UvKv Ges Kviv I Gjvnvev` †Rjv Av`vq K‡ib| ZLb w`wjø‡Z gyNj mgªvU kvn Avjg wQ‡jb GKRb `ye©j kvmK| †h‡nZz AvBbMZfv‡e wZwbB fvi‡Zi mve©‡fŠg ¶gZvi AwaKvix, ZvB Zuvi KvQ †_‡K wÌqvbx jv‡fi c`‡¶c †bb| K¬vBf kvn Avjg‡K Kviv I Gjvnvev` GjvKv `ywU cÖ`vb K‡ib Ges evrmwiK 26 j¶ UvKvi wewbg‡q evsjv-wenvi-Dwol¨vi wÌqvbx jvf K‡ib|

ivR‰bwZK `„wó‡KvY †_‡K wÌqvbxi ¸iyZ¡ A‡bK| KviY Gi gva¨‡gB †Kv¤úvwb evsjv-wenvi-Dwol¨vq AvBbMZ mve©‡fŠg ¶gZvi AwaKvix nq| Gici bev‡ei c` evwn¨Kfv‡e ivLv n‡jI Zuvi cÖK…Z cÖkvmwbK ¶gZv Avi wKQyB Aewkó _vK‡jv bv| K¬vBf wb‡RB ¯^xKvi K‡i‡Qb †h, wÌqvbxi gva¨‡g †Kv¤úvwb evsjvq mKj ¶gZvi Dr‡m cwiYZ nq| bv‡qe mvgwiK ¶gZv †Kv¤úvwbi nv‡Z P‡j hvq Ges wZwb †Kv¤úvwbi wbhy³ bv‡qe myev †gvnv¤§` †iRv Lv‡bi nv‡Z wbRvg‡Zi hveZxq ¶gZv Zz‡j w`‡Z eva¨ nb| wewfbœ Z_¨ †_‡K Rvbv hvq †h, wÌqvbx jv‡fi ci †_‡K †Kv¤úvwbi ivR¯^ eûjvs‡k e„w× cvq| d‡j GKw`‡K †hgb Avw_©K ¯^”QjZv Av‡m, Ab¨w`‡K †Zgwb ˆmb¨msL¨vI e„w× K‡i †Kv¤úvwb ivR¨ we¯Ív‡iI mg_© nq|

ˆØZ kvmb

Gm Gm GBP Gj


†h‡nZz GB BDwb‡Ui Ab¨ GKwU cv‡V (cvV-5) ˆØZ kvmb m¤ú‡K© we¯ÍvwiZ Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q, d‡j GLv‡b ms‡¶‡c Ges cÖm½µ‡g wKQy Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡e| †Kv¤úvwbi Kg©Pvix‡ì e¨vcK `ybx©wZ, †`kxq ivR¯^ eë¯’v m¤ú‡K© AbwfÁZv Ges we‡`kx ewYK (†hgb divwm, WvP)†ì Cl©v BZ¨vw` Kvi‡Y K¬vBf wÌqvbxi KvR cÖKvk¨fv‡e †Kv¤úvwbi nv‡Z †bbwb| wZwb ivR¯^ Av`v‡qi `vwqZ¡ †Kv¤úvwbi g‡bvbxZ †iRv Lvb Ges wmZve ivq bv‡g `y'Rb bv‡qe myevi nv‡Z b¨¯Í K‡ib| ïé Av`vq, wÌqvbx I †dŠR`vwi gvgjvi fviI G‡ì nv‡Z Zz‡j †`qv nq| Gme bv‡qe myeviv AvBbZ bev‡ei Aax‡b wQ‡jb, Z‡e Zv‡ì cÖavb KvR wQj †Kv¤úvwbi ¯^v_© i¶v Kiv| K¬vB‡fi cÖewZ©Z GB eë¯’vB ˆØZ kvmb (Double government) eë¯’v wn‡m‡e cwiwPZ| A_©vr kvmb ¶gZv beve I †Kv¤úvwbi g‡a¨ fvM Kiv nq| ivR¯^ Av`v‡qi gvwjK nq †Kv¤úvwb| beve †c‡jb ¶gZvnxb `vwqZ¡ Ges †Kv¤úvwb jvf Ki‡jv `vwqZ¡nxb ¶gZv| GB ˆØZ kvmb eë¯’v wQj ÎywUc~Y© Ges G‡Z wek„´Lj I AivRK cwiw¯’wZ Av‡iv RwUj AvKvi aviY K‡i| evsjvi A_©‰bwZK `~ie¯’v cÖKU n‡q I‡V Ges evsjv †_‡K A_© weª‡U‡b P‡j hvq| GK wnmv‡e †`Lv hvq †h, ïaygvÎ 1768 wLª÷v‡ãB 5.7 wgwjq‡bi g‡Zv A_© Bsj¨v‡Û cvPvi n‡qwQj| GB wbg©g jyÉ‡bi Kvi‡Y AwP‡iB evsjvq `ywf©¶ †`Lv †`q|

K¬vB‡fi ms¯‹vi

B÷ BwÛqv †Kv¤úvwbi cwiPvjKgÛjxi wb‡`©k Abyhvqx K¬vBf `ybx©wZ `~ixKi‡Yi R‡b¨ K‡qKwU ms¯‹vi cÖeZ©b K‡ib| cÖ_gZ, wZwb †Kv¤úvwbi Kg©vPvix‡ì cyi¯‹vi MÖnY Ges e¨vemv-evwYR¨ Kivi welqwU wbwl× K‡ib| wØZxqZ, K¬vBf †Kv¤úvwbi Kg©Pvix‡ì †eZb e„w×i eë¯’v MÖnY K‡ib|

K¬vBf †Kv¤úvwbi wmwfj mvwf©‡m ms¯‹vi K‡ib| wZwb †Kv¤úvwbi KwjKvZv KvDwÝ‡ji mf¨‡ì g‡a¨ cuvP Rb‡K Aemi †`b Ges wZbRb‡K m`m¨c` †_‡K eiLv¯Í K‡ib| Zv‡ì cwie‡Z© wZwb bZzb Ges `¶ Kg©KZ©v wb‡qvM K‡ib|

K¬vBf mvgwiK wefv‡MI ms¯‹vi K‡ib| †mbvevwnbxi e¨q n«v‡mi R‡b¨ K¬vBf ˆmwbK‡ì wØ¸Y fvZv eÜ K‡i †`b| gxiRvdi cjvkxi hy‡× Bs‡iR ˆmb¨‡ì mnvqZvq K…ZÁ n‡q ˆmb¨‡ì fvZv wØ¸Y K‡ib| K_v wQj hy‡×i mgq ˆmwbKiv GiKg fvZv cv‡e| wKšÍz †`Lv †Mj, kvwšÍi mg‡q wØ¸Y fvZv †`qv nw”Qj| K¬vBf †NvlYv Ki‡jb †h, hy‡× wbhy³ ˆmbïv Giƒc fvZv cv‡e| G‡Z we‡`ªvn †`Lv w`‡j K¬vBf K‡Vvi nv‡Z Zv `gb K‡ib|

K¬vB‡fi g~j¨vqb

K¬vBf Zuvi Rxeb ïiy K‡iwQ‡jb GKRb mvaviY †Kivwb wn‡m‡e| wKšÍz wZwb wQ‡jb cwikªgx, D”PvKv•¶x Ges GKRb a~Z© e¨w³| evsjvq G‡m wZwb D™¢vebx kw³ Ges a~Z©Zvi gva¨‡g Mfb©i c` jvf K‡iwQ‡jb|hwÌ wZwb `ybx©wZcivqY Ges A_©‡jvfx wQ‡jb, Z_vwc †m mgq †Kv¤úvwbi cwiPvjKgÛjx g‡b K‡iwQ‡jb †h, evsjv I fvi‡Z weªwUk ¯^v_© i¶vq wZwbB me‡P‡q †hvM¨ e¨w³| wVK GB Kvi‡YB Zuv‡K wØZxqevi Mfb©i K‡i cvVv‡bv n‡qwQj| K¬vBf hy× cwiKíbv, hy× Rq Ges BD‡ivcxq cÖwZØ›`¡x kw³¸‡jv‡K civwRZ K‡i evsjv Z_v fvi‡Z Bs‡iR mvgªv‡Rï †MvovcËb K‡ib| Zuvi wbR PwiÎ Ges wKQy Kg©Kv‡Ûi d‡j Bs‡iR RvwZi bv‡g Kj¼ †jcb n‡q‡Q mZ¨, Zey ZuviB †Póvq fvi‡Z weªwUk Jcwb‡ewkK kvm‡bi †MvovcËb n‡qwQj| B½-fviZxq BwZnv‡m ZvB K¬vB‡fi bvg mevi Av‡M ¯§iYxq|

Gm Gm GBP Gj


gxi Kvwkg I e·v‡ii hy× D‡Ïk¨ GB cvV c‡o AvcwbÑ • gxi Kvwk‡gi ¶gZv MÖnY Ges Zuvi kvmb bxwZ m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb; • Bs‡iR‡ì m‡½ gxi Kvwk‡gi we‡iv‡ai KviY Ges †h cwiw¯’wZ‡Z e·v‡ii hy× msNwUZ n‡qwQj

†m m¤ú‡K© eY©bv w`‡Z cvi‡eb; • e·v‡ii hy‡×i djvdj, ¸iyZ¡ Ges hy‡× gxi Kvwk‡gi civR‡qi KviY m¤ú‡K© e¨vL¨v w`‡Z

cvi‡eb|

gxi Kvwk‡gi ¶gZv jvf I Zuvi kvmb bxwZ

beve wmivR D‡ÏŠjv‡K ¶gZvPy¨Z Kivi Kv‡R K¬vB‡fi mn‡hvwMZvi wewbg‡q gxi Rvdi Bs‡iR‡ì‡K cÖfyZ A_© cÖ`v‡b Pyw³e× n‡qwQ‡jb| wKšÍz gmb‡` e‡m gxi Rvdi Bs‡iR †Kv¤úvwb‡K Zuvi Pyw³ Abyhvqx cÖwZkªyZ A_© cÖ`v‡b e¨_© nb| Ab¨w`‡K †Kv¤úvwbi wbqš¿Y †_‡K gyw³ jv‡fi Avkvq gxi Rvdi Ij›`vR I Av‡g©wbqvb ewYK‡ì m‡½ †Mvc‡b †hvMv‡hvM ¯’vc‡bi †Póv K‡ib| Gme Awf‡hv‡Mi †cÖw¶‡Z Bs‡iR †Kv¤úvwbi KwjKvZv KvDwÝj gxi Rvdi‡K AcmviY K‡i Zuvi RvgvZv gxi Kvwkg‡K gmb‡` emvevi wm×všÍ †bq| gxi Kvwkg GK †Mvcb Pyw³‡Z ea©gvb, †gw`bxcyi I PÆMÖvgÑ G wZb †Rjvi Rwg`vix Bs‡iR KZ…©c‡¶i nv‡Z Ac©Y K‡ib| wewbg‡q 1760 wLª÷v‡ãi A‡±vei gv‡m wZwb evsjv, wenvi I Dwol¨vi beve c‡` Avmxb nb|

beve gxi Kvwkg wQ‡jb GKRb `~i`kx© I ¯^vaxb‡PZv kvmK| gmb‡` e‡mB wZwb Abyaveb K‡ib †h, Bs‡iR‡ì cÖfve †_‡K gy³ n‡q ¯^vaxbfv‡e †`k kvmb Ki‡Z n‡j Zuv‡K cÖ_‡gB Pyw³e× FY cwi‡kva Ges wb‡Ri kw³ e„w× Ki‡Z n‡e| †mRb¨ †`‡ki A_©‰bwZK I ivR‰bwZK kw³‡K cybRx©weZ Kivi j‡¶¨ wZwb KwZcq ms¯‹vi mvab K‡ib| gxi Rvd‡ii A‡hvM¨Zv I cÖkvmwbK `ye©jZvi my‡hv‡M miKvwi Avgjv I Kg©Pvixiv Ggb `ybx©wZcivqY n‡q I‡V †h miKvwi A_© AvZ¥mvr I c`gh©v`vi Aceënvi K‡i A_© DcvR©b Kiv GK ixwZ‡Z cwiYZ nq| gxi Kvwkg `ybx©wZevR Kg©Pvix‡ì m¤ú‡ì wnmve †bb Ges Zv‡ì A‰ea m¤ú` ev‡Rqvß K‡ib| eû D”Pc`¯’ `ybx©wZcivqY Kg©Pvix‡ì eiLv¯Í Kiv nq| ZvQvov miKvwi e¨q n«v‡mi D‡Ï‡k¨ AwZwi³ ivRKg©Pvix‡ì QuvUvB Kiv nq| miKv‡ii Aw_©K Pvwn`v wgUv‡bvi D‡Ï‡k¨ wZwb RMr‡kV cwievi †_‡K `xN©‡gqvw` FY MÖnY K‡ib| cÖ‡Z¨K Rwg`vixi cÖK…Z m¤ú` AbymÜvb K‡i gxi Kvwkg Rwg`vi‡ì m‡½ ivR‡¯î bZzb e‡›`ve¯Í K‡ib| Gi d‡j cÖvq 75 j¶ UvKv AwZwi³ ivR¯^ avh© I msM„nxZ nq| †hme Rwg`vi Aeva¨ I we‡`ªvnx n‡qwQj Zv‡ì‡K wZwb `gb K‡ib I wbqwgZ ivR¯^ Av`v‡q eva¨ K‡ib| wenv‡ii †WcywU bv‡qe ivg bvivqY cÖfyZ miKvwi A_© Kzw¶MZ K‡i wnmve cÖ`v‡b Mwogwm Kivq wej‡¤^ n‡jI beve Zv‡K eiLv¯Í I Kviviy× K‡ib|

cvV - 4



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gxi Kvwm‡gi mv‡_ Bs‡iR we‡iva

gxi Kvwkg ¶gZvq Av‡ivnY K‡i G‡K G‡K me Af¨šÍixY wek„´Ljv `~i, Zuvi kÎy‡ì `gb Ges ¯^xq kw³ kw³ e„w× Ki‡Z m¶g nb| wKšÍz †`k kvm‡b Zuvi ¯^vaxb bxwZ I M„nxZ Kvh©Kjvc Bs‡iR‡ì cQ›` n‡jv bv| †Kv¤úvwbi A‡bK Kg©KZ©v beve‡K m‡›`‡ni †Pv‡L †`L‡Z ïiy K‡ib Ges Zuvi bxwZ †kl ch©šÍ Bs‡iR‡ì weiy‡× cwiPvwjZ n‡e AvksKv K‡ib| gxi Rvdi‡K c`Py¨Z K‡i gxi Kvwm‡gi g‡Zv †hvM¨ e¨w³‡K wmsnvm‡b emv‡bv I Af¨šÍixY ms¯‹v‡ii gva¨‡g Zuvi kw³ e„w× Kivi my‡hvM †`qv GKwU ivR‰bwZK fzj e‡j G‡ì wbKU cÖZxqgvb nq| G AvksKvB Zv‡ì‡K bev‡ei weiy‡× Cl©vwb¦Z K‡i †Zv‡j| kxNªB evwYwR¨K myweavw` wb‡q gxi Kvwm‡gi mv‡_ Bs‡iR‡ì we‡iva m„wó nq| 1717 wLª÷v‡ãi gyNj mgªv‡Ui digvb Abyhvqx Bs‡iR †Kv¤úvwb evsjvq webv ï‡é evwY‡Rï AwaKvi cvq| `¯Í‡Ki eënvi ev webvï‡é evwYR¨ Kivi †Kvb AwaKvi †mB digvb ev cieZx©Kv‡ji †Kvb Pyw³‡Z †Kv¤úvwbi Kg©Pvix‡ì †ejvq cÖ‡hvR¨ wQj bv| wKšÍz Zviv †Kv¤úvwbi evwYwR¨K myweavi Aceënvi K‡i †eAvBbx e¨w³MZ eëmvq wjß nq I evwYR¨ Ki duvwK †`q| cjvkxi hy‡×i ci Af¨šÍixY evwY‡R¨ †Kv¤úvwbi Kg©Pvix‡ì ZrciZv Av‡iv e„w× cvq, GgbwK Bs‡iR‡ì †`kxq bv‡qe-†Mvg¯ÍvivI Gi my‡hvM wb‡Z _v‡K| G‡Z miKvi ïéLv‡Z weivU As‡Ki ivR¯^ n‡Z ewÂZ nq Ges Ab¨vb¨ ewYKivI fxlY Amyweavq c‡o| KviY wewagvwdK evwYR¨ Ki w`‡Z n‡Zv weavq Zv‡ì c‡Yï `vg †ewk n‡Zv Ges G‡nb Amg evwYwR¨K cÖwZ‡hvwMZvi d‡j Bs‡iR I Zv‡ì AvwkªZ‡ì m‡½ Zv‡ì wU‡K _vKv `ytmva¨ n‡qc‡o| Gi d‡j we‡klZ †`kxq ewYK‡ì eëmv-evwYR¨ cÖvq eÜ nevi Dcµg nq| GK‡PwUqvfv‡e eëmv-evwYR¨ wbqš¿Y K‡i †Kv¤úvwbi Kg©Pvix I Zv‡ì †Mvg¯Íviv| G‡ì Drcxobg~jK e¨w³MZ eëmv I AZ¨vPv‡i cY¨ Drcv`KivI ¶wZMÖ¯Í nq| KviY G †kªYxi eëmvqxiv †Rvic~e©K b¨vh¨g~‡jï Kg `v‡g cY¨ `ªe¨ wK‡b wb‡Zv| Gi d‡j †`‡k Drcv`b n«vm cvq Ges †`‡ki Avw_©K mgm¨vI ev‡o|

beve gxi Kvwkg Bs‡iR Kg©Pvix‡ì e¨w³MZ evwY‡Rï weiy‡× Bs‡iR Mfb©i f¨vwÝUvU©‡K AewnZ K‡ib Ges Zv e‡Üi `vwe Rvbvb| KwjKvZv KvDwÝj bev‡ei Awf‡hvM D‡c¶v Ki‡j wZwb †Kv¤úvwbi Kg©Pvix‡ì e¨w³MZ evwY‡Rï Rb¨ Zv‡ì KvQ †_‡K ïé Av`vq Kivi wb‡`©k †`b| wKšÍz Bs‡iR Kg©Pvixiv evwYR¨ ïé w`‡Z A¯^xKvi Kivq bev‡ei ïé wefv‡Mi Kg©Pvix‡ì m‡½ Zv‡ì

Gm Gm GBP Gj


msNvZ ev‡a| Gici beve evsjvq me ewYK‡ì Ici †_‡K evwYR¨ Ki cÖZ¨vnvi K‡ib| G‡Z Ab¨vb¨ ewYKivI webvï‡é evwY‡Rï myweav jvf K‡i| G eë¯’vi d‡j Bs‡iR †Kv¤úvwbi we‡kl myweav evwZj n‡q hvIqvq Zviv bev‡ei Ici †¶‡c hvq|

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e·v‡ii hy‡×i djvdj I ¸iyZ¡

BwZnv‡m e·v‡ii hy‡×i ¸iyZ¡ AZ¨waK Ges Gi djvdj wQj my`~icÖmvix| G hy‡×i cÖZ¨¶ dj beve gxi Kvwk‡gi cZb Ges gxi Rvd‡ii cybivq evsjvi gmb‡` Av‡ivnY| ZvQvov G hy‡× Bs‡iR‡ì nv‡Z kw³kvjx A‡hva¨v iv‡Rï AwacwZ Ges w`wjøi gyNj mgªv‡Ui civRq N‡U| evsjvq I DËi fvi‡Z ¯^vaxb kvmb ¶gZvi cZb Ges Gi d‡j m„ó ivR‰bwZK k~b¨Zv GLv‡b cieZx©Kv‡j Jcwb‡ewkK kvm‡bi c_ ˆZwi K‡i| e·v‡ii hy× †Kej evsjv‡ZB Bs‡iR B÷ BwÛqv †Kv¤úvwbi kw³‡K cÖwZwôZ K‡iwb, Zv‡ì AvwacZ¨ I cÖfve A‡hva¨v Ges Gjvnvev` ch©šÍ we¯Í„Z nq| mvgwiK w`K †_‡K G hy× Bs‡iR‡ì Rb¨ h‡_ó ¸iyZ¡c~Y©| cjvkx‡Z Zviv Rqx n‡jI Zv wQj hy‡×i bv‡g GKUv cÖnmb| wKšÍz e·v‡ii hy‡× Zv‡ì hy× †KŠkj I mgi ˆbcy‡Yï †kªôZ¡ cÖgvwYZ nq| G‡Z Zv‡ì gh©v`vI e„w× cvq| e¯ÍzZ cjvkx‡Z Rqx nevi d‡j evsjvq Bs‡iR cÖf‚‡Z¡i m~Pbv nq| e·v‡ii hy‡×i d‡j fviZxq Dcgnv‡`‡k Zviv wbwðZfv‡e cÖwZôv jvf K‡i Ges GLv‡b Jcwb‡ewkK kvm‡bi m~ÎcvZ NUvq|

gxi Kvwk‡gi civR‡qi KviY



¯^vaxb‡PZv beve gxi Kvwkg Bs‡iR AvwacZ¨ †_‡K gyw³ jv‡fi Avkvq we‡iv‡a Rwo‡q c‡ob Ges †kl ch©šÍ AeavwiZ msN‡l© civwRZ nb| Zuvi civR‡qi †cQ‡b K‡qKwU KviY wQj| cÖ_gZ, A_©‰bwZK `ye©jZv Zuvi civR‡qi Ab¨Zg KviY wQj| gxi Rvd‡ii F‡Yi eve` Bs‡iR‡ì wZwb wecyj A_© †`b| gmb` jv‡fi RbÏ Zv‡ì‡K Zuvi A‡bK UvKv w`‡Z nq| A_© msK‡Ui Kvi‡Y GKwU kw³kvjx ˆmbëvwnbx MVb Ki‡Z wZwb m¶g nbwb| wØZxqZ, Rwg`vi I Kg©Pvixiv Zuvi cÖwZ wek¦¯Í wQj bv| G‡ì Amn‡hvwMZvi Kvi‡Y gxi Kvwkg Zuvi kw³‡K cwic~Y©fv‡e Bs‡iR‡ì weiy‡× Kv‡R jvMv‡Z cv‡ibwb| Z…ZxqZ, hy×‡¶‡Î †Kvb †Kvb ˆmb¨va¨‡¶i wek¦vmNvZKZvq bev‡ei civRq N‡U| D`qbvjvi hy‡× †mbvcwZ giKv I AvivUzb †Mvc‡b kÎy‡ì mvnvh¨ K‡ib Ges e·v‡ii hy‡× myRvD‡ÏŠjvi DwRi gnvivRv †ekx evnv`yi wek¦vmNvZ‡Ki f‚wgKvq AeZxY© nb| PZz_©Z, mvgwiK †¶‡Î gxi Kvwkg Ges Zuvi ˆmb¨`‡ji `ye©jZv civR‡qi Avi GKwU eo KviY| e·v‡ii hy‡× Bs‡iR c‡¶i mgi ˆbcyY¨ I iY‡KŠkj wbtm‡›`‡n DbœZZi wQj| ZvQvov gxi Kvwkg wb‡RI †mbvcwZiƒ‡c `¶Zv I cÖwZfvi cwiPq †`bwb| Zuvi ˆmb¨‡ì g‡a¨ k„´Ljv I msMV‡bi Afve wQj| ZvB wZwb hy‡× Bs‡iR‡ì Kv‡Q civRq eiY K‡ib|

mvims‡¶c

Bs‡iR‡ì m‡½ †Mvcb loh‡š¿i gva¨‡g gxi Kvwkg evsjvi gmb‡` Avmxb nb| wKšÍz †`k cwiPvjbvq Zuvi ¯^vaxb Kvh©µg Bs‡iR KZ…©c‡¶i cQ›` n‡jv bv| we‡kl K‡i Bs‡iR ewYK‡ì e¨w³MZ eëmv-evwY‡R¨ †Kvb Ki bv †`qvi Kvi‡Y bev‡ei m‡½ †Kv¤úvwbi we‡iva ïiy nq| Awbevh© msN‡l©i d‡j gxi Kvwk‡gi mvgwiK civRq N‡U| 1764 wLª÷v‡ãi A‡±ve‡i e·v‡ii hy‡× wZwb GKvB civwRZ nbwb| A‡hva¨vi beve myRvD‡ÏŠjv Ges w`wjøi gyNj mgªvU wØZxq kvn AvjgI G hy‡× civRq eiY K‡ib| Gi d‡j fviZ Dcgnv‡`‡k Jcwb‡ewkK kvm‡bi c_ myMg nq|



3| nx‡i›`ªbv_ gy‡Lvcva¨vq, fviZe‡l©i BwZnvm| cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqbÑ

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Gm Gm GBP Gj


(K) gywk©`vev` (L) D`qbvjv (M) cvUbv (N) gy‡½i| 4| f¨vwÝUvU© †K wQ‡jb? (K) Bs‡iR †mbvcwZ (L) KwjKvZvi Bs‡iR Mfb©i (M) GKRb cwieªvRK (N) Bs‡iR †Mvg¯Ív| 5| e·v‡ii hy× KLb msNwUZ nq? (K) 1760 wLª. (L) 1762 wLª. (M) 1764 wLª. (N) 1777 wLª.| 6| †Kvb gyNj mgªvU e·v‡ii hy‡× civwRZ nb? (K) wØZxq kvn Avjg (L) diiyLwkqvi (M) Rvnv›ì kvn (N) wØZxq AvKei| msw¶ß cÖkœ t 1| wK cwiw¯’wZ‡Z gxi Kvwkg evsjvi gmb‡` Avmxb nb? 2| gmb‡` e‡m ¯^xq ¶gZv e„w×i Rb¨ gxi Kvwkg wK wK c`‡¶c MÖnY K‡ib? 3| Bs‡iR‡ì mv‡_ gxi Kvwk‡gi we‡iv‡ai cÖavb KviY e¨vL¨v Kiyb| 4| e·v‡ii hy‡×i HwZnvwmK djvdj Av‡jvPbv Kiyb| 5| e·v‡ii hy‡× gxi Kvwkg †Kb civwRZ nb? iPbvg~jK cÖkœ t 1| Bs‡iR‡ì mv‡_ gxi Kvwk‡gi we‡iv‡ai KviY¸‡jv wK wQj? wZwb †Kb civwRZ n‡qwQ‡jb? 2| †h cwiw¯’wZ‡Z e·v‡ii hy× msNwUZ nq Zv Av‡jvPbv Kiyb| GB hy‡×i djvdj I ¸iyZ¡ wK

wQj? 3| e·v‡ii hy‡×i cUf‚wg e¨vL¨v Kiyb| gxi Kvwkg †Kb GB hy‡× civwRZ nb?



Bs‡iR‡ì wÌqvbx jvf I ˆØZ kvmb

D‡Ïk¨ GB cvV c‡o AvcwbÑ • wÌqvbx wK Ges wK cwiw¯’wZ‡Z Bs‡iRiv wÌqvbx jvf K‡i Zv Rvb‡Z cvi‡eb; • Bs‡iR‡ì wÌqvbx jv‡fi d‡j m„ó ˆØZ kvm‡bi ¯îƒc I Pwi‡Îi e¨vL¨v w`‡Z m¶g n‡eb; • ˆØZ kvm‡bi djvdj m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z cvi‡eb|

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†Kv¤úvwbi wÌqvbx jvf

B÷ BwÛqv †Kv¤úvwbi wÌqvbx jvf evsjv Z_v fviZe‡l© Bs‡iR ivRZ¡ cÖwZwôvi †¶‡Î GKwU ¸iyZ¡c~Y© c`‡¶c| gyNj kvmb eë¯’vq cÖ‡Z¨K myev ev cÖ‡`‡k myev`vi I wÌqvbx bv‡g `y'Rb Kg©KZ©v wQ‡jb| Giv Df‡qB gyNj mgªvU KZ…©K mivmwi wbhy³ n‡Zb Ges ¯^ ¯^ `vwqZ¡ cvj‡bi †¶‡Î mgªv‡Ui wbKU Revew`wn Ki‡Zb| myev`vi ev bvwR‡gi Aax‡b wQj cÖwZi¶v, wePvi I †emvgwiK cÖkvmb; Avi wÌqv‡bi `vwq‡Z¡ wQj g~jZ ivR¯^ kvmb| ¶gZvi GB web¨v‡m ¯^vaxb Ae¯’v‡b †_‡K Zuviv G‡K Aci‡K cÖkvmwbK †¶‡Î mn‡hvwMZv Ki‡Zb Ges †KD Kv‡iv Kv‡R n¯Í‡¶c Kiv †_‡K weiZ _vK‡Zb| 1717 wLª÷v‡ã gywk©`Kzjx Lv‡bi myev`vix jv‡fi c~e© ch©šÍ myev`vix I wÌqvbx c„_K c„_K e¨w³i Ici b¨¯Í wQj| gywk©`Kzjx LvbB me©cÖ_g GB kvmbZvwš¿K cÖ_v f½ K‡i wÌqvbxi `vwqZ¡I wb‡R MÖnY K‡ib Ges Zuvi cieZx© Ab¨vb¨ myev`viiv †m ixwZ AbymiY Kivq wÌqvbx I wbRvgZ kvmb GKxf‚Z n‡q c‡o|

cjvkxi hy‡×i ci bev‡ei wbRvgZ ¶gZv n«vm cvq| gxi Kvwmg ¯^vaxbfv‡e †`k kvmb Ki‡Z †P‡q wmsnvmbPy¨Z nb| 1765 wLª÷v‡ãi †deªyqvwi gv‡m beve gxi Rvd‡ii g„Zzï ci Bs‡iRMY Zuvi

cvV - 5

Gm Gm GBP Gj


Aíeq¯‹ cyÎ bRgy‡ÏŠjv‡K evsjvi wmsnvm‡b emvq| bZzb beve wQ‡jb m¤ú~Y©fv‡e †Kv¤úvwbi Ici wbf©ikxj Ges Zv‡ì nv‡Zi cyZzj gvÎ| e·v‡ii hy‡× civR‡qi d‡j w`wjøi mgªvU kvn AvjgI ZLb n‡q c‡ob Amnvq Ges Bs‡iR‡ì K…cvcÖv_x©| G mgq jW© K¬vBf wØZxq ev‡ii g‡Zv evsjvi Mfb©‡ii `vwqZ¡ MÖnY K‡ib| AZ¨šÍ myPZzi I ev¯Íe eyw×m¤úbœ K¬vBf fvi‡Z Bs‡iR ivRZ¡ cÖwZôvi ¯^cœ †`L‡jI †Kv¤úvwbi ¯^v_©‡KB wZwb m‡e©v”P AMÖvwaKvi †`b| wZwb Gjvnvev‡` mgªvU kvn Avj‡gi wbKU Dcw¯’Z n‡q Zuv‡K cÖPyi Dcnvi †`b| mgªv‡Ui gh©v`v i¶vi cÖwZkªywZi wewbg‡q wZwb †Kv¤úvwb‡K evsjv, wenvi I Dwol¨vi wÌqvbx cÖ`v‡bi cÖv_©bv K‡ib| mgªvU cjvkx hy‡×i ci †_‡K evsjvi ivR¯^ †c‡Zb bv| myev evsjv Avevi w`wjøi wbqš¿‡Y Avm‡e, Ggb AvkvI wZwb Z¨vM K‡iwQ‡jb| GgZve¯’vq mgªvU kvn Avjg webv wØavq K¬vB‡fi cÖ¯Ív‡e ivwR nb Ges 1765 wLª÷v‡ãi 12 AvM÷ GK Pyw³‡Z evsjv, wenvi I Dwol¨vi ivR¯^ kvmb ¶gZv †Kv¤úvwbi nv‡Z †Q‡o †`b| Gjvnvev‡ì mwÜ bv‡g G Pyw³‡Z w¯’i nq †h, wÌqvbx jv‡fi wewbg‡q Bs‡iR B÷ BwÛqv †Kv¤úvwb mgªvU‡K evwl©K 26 j¶ UvKv Ges wbRvgZ kvm‡bi Rb¨ gywk©`vev‡ì beve‡K eQ‡i 53 j¶ UvKv cÖ`vb Ki‡e| GB Pyw³ Bs‡iR †Kv¤úvwb‡K ivR¯^ kvm‡bi AwaKvi †`q Ges m~ÎcvZ NUvq Jcwb‡ewkK kvm‡bi| wbRvgZ ¶gZv evsjvi bev‡ei nv‡Z Ges wÌqvbx kvmb †Kv¤úvwbi wbKU Ac©‡Yi G eë¯’v BwZnv‡m Ô‰ØZ kvmb' bv‡g mycwiwPZ|

ˆØZ kvm‡bi cÖK…wZ I êwkó¨

wÌqvbx n¯ÍvšÍ‡ii d‡j ivR¯^ kvmb cwiPvjbvi ¶gZv †Kv¤úvwb jvf K‡i| wKšÍz K¬vBf D³ `vwqZ¡ †`kxq AvgjvZ‡š¿i nv‡Z †Q‡o †`b, hwÌ me©gq ¶gZv _vK‡e †Kv¤úvwbi nv‡ZB| evsjvi Rb¨ ˆmq` †gvnv¤§` †iRv Lvb Ges wenv‡i ivRv wmZve ivq‡K bv‡qe wÌqvb wbhy³ Kiv nq| msM„nxZ ivR¯^ †_‡K mg¯Í cÖkvmwbK e¨q wgUv‡bvi ci Zuviv DØ„Ë ivR¯^ †Kv¤úvwb‡K cÖ`vb Ki‡eb| †Kv¤úvwbi c¶ †_‡K Z`viK Kivi Rb¨ GKRb Bs‡iR †iwm‡W›U gywk©`vev` ìev‡i Ae¯’vb Ki‡eb| beve bRgy‡ÏŠjv‡K gmb‡` emvevi mgq †Kv¤úvwb †iRv Lvb‡K bv‡qe bvwRg wbhy³ K‡ib| GLb †Kv¤úvwb H GKB e¨w³‡K evsjvi bv‡qe wÌqv‡bi `vwqZ¡ †`b| G‡Z GK ˆØZ kvm‡bi g‡a¨ Av‡iK ˆØZZvi m„wó nq| cÖ_gZ, wbRvgZ I wÌqvbx `yB c„_K KZ…©c‡¶i g‡a¨ fvMvfvwM nIqvq GK ˆØZ kvm‡bi m~Pbv N‡U, Avevi †Kv¤úvwbi ivR¯^ kvm‡bi `vwqZ¡ bv‡qe wÌqvb‡ì nv‡Z n¯ÍvšÍwiZ nIqvq Av‡iK ˆØZ kvm‡bi m„wó nq| †Kv¤úvwb ivR¯^ cwiPvjbvi ¶gZv nv‡Z wb‡jI mivmwi †m `vwqZ¡ cvj‡b ivwR nqwb| A_©vr †Kv¤úvwb KZ…©K mivmwi wÌqvbxi `vwqZ¡ MÖn‡Y wKQy AmyweavI wQj| mivmwi wÌqvbx kvmb cwiPvjbvi Rb¨ †h Rbe‡ji cÖ‡qvRb Zv Av‡`Š †Kv¤úvwbi wQj bv| ZvQvov G‡`‡ki fvlv, AvBb-Kvbyb I ivR¯^ kvm‡bi ixwZ-bxwZ m¤ú‡K© †Kv¤úvwbi Kg©Pvixiv wQ‡jb AbwfÁ| Z`ycwi mivmwi ivR¯^ kvm‡bi fvi nv‡Z wb‡j G‡`‡k evwYRïZ Ab¨vb¨ BD‡ivcxq ewYK‡ì m‡½ Zv‡ì Ø›`¡ m„wó nIqviI Avk¼v wQj| ZvB mPZzi K¬vBf †`kxq G‡RÝxi Ici ivR¯^ Av`v‡qi `vwqZ¡ w`‡q †Kv¤úvwbi wbKU iv‡Lb ïay †K›`ªxqfv‡e ZË¡veav‡bi ¶gZv|

†iRv Lvb‡K ivR¯^ kvm‡b c~Y© ¶gZv †`qv nq Ges †Kv¤úvwb cÖwZkªywZ †`q †h, ivR¯^ wel‡q cÖPwjZ eë¯’vq Zviv †Kvb cwieZ©b Avb‡e bv| K¬vB‡fi mgq †Kv¤úvwbi Kg©Pvixiv †iRv Lv‡bi Kg©Kv‡Û n¯Í‡¶c K‡iwb| wKšÍz 1767 wLª÷v‡ã K¬vB‡fi ¯^‡`k cÖZ¨veZ©‡bi c‡i ˆØZ kvm‡b mgm¨v †`Lv †`q| GB mg‡q f‚wg ivR¯^ †ek e„w× Kiv nq Ges K‡Vvifv‡e Zv Av`vqI Kiv nq| ZvQvov



†Kv¤úvwbi Kg©Pvix I †Mvg¯—v‡ì jyÉb bxwZi d‡j †`‡ki `yie¯’v µgk e„w× cvq| Zviv wbZ¨cÖ‡qvRbxq `ªe¨vwì GK‡PwUqv eëmv ïiy K‡i| †iRv Lvb †Kv¤úvwbi Kg©KZ©v‡ì AewnZ K‡ib †h, Zv‡ì Kg©Pvixiv Kg g~‡j¨ `ªe¨vw` µq K‡i AwaK g~‡j¨ wewµ K‡i, ivqZ‡ì‡K bvggvÎ g~‡j¨ bvbvwea `ªe¨vw` mieiv‡n eva¨K‡i, †`kxq eëmvqx‡ì Ici AZ¨vPvi K‡i Ges evwYR¨ ïé w`‡Z A¯^xKvi K‡i| wKšÍz †Kv¤úvwb G m‡ei †Kvb cÖwZKvi Kivi ìKvi g‡b K‡iwb|

†Kv¤úvwbi Kg©Pvix †Mvg¯Ív‡ì e¨w³MZ eëmv I AZ¨vPv‡ii d‡j †`‡ki A_©bxwZ †f‡O covi Dcµg nq| Zvi Ici wQj µgvMZfv‡e ivR¯^ e„w×i Pvc| 1769 wLª÷v‡ã †iRv Lvb Awf‡hvM K‡ib †h, beve Avwje`x©i mg‡q c~wY©qv †Rjvi ivR¯^ wQj 4 j¶ UvKv, 1769 wLª÷v‡ã Zv e„w× †c‡q 25 j¶ UvKvq I‡V| Abyiƒcfv‡e w`bvRcy‡ii ivR¯^ 12 j¶ †_‡K e„w× †c‡q 17 j¶ UvKvq DbœxZ nq| †iRv Lvb‡K †Kv¤úvwbi Pv‡c GB evowZ ivR¯^ Av`vq Ki‡Z nq| d‡j A‡bK ciMYv n‡Z ivqZiv Avwgj‡ì Drcxob mn¨ Ki‡Z bv †c‡i Ab¨Î cjvqb K‡i ev †ckv cwieZ©b K‡i| †iRv Lvb †Kv¤úvwb‡K Rvbvb †h, B‡Zvc~‡e© evsjv GZ m¤ú`kvjx wQj †h, `~i †`k †_‡K eëmvqxiv GLv‡b Avm‡Zv Ges j¶ j¶ UvKvi c~uwR LvUv‡Zv| GLb †Kv¤úvwbi GK‡PwUqv eëmv I Zv‡ì Kg©Pvix‡ì AZ¨vPv‡ii d‡j ivqZiv me©kvšÍ n‡q c‡o‡Q| Gi cÖwZKvi bv n‡j gnv wech©q †`Lv w`‡Z cv‡i| K¬vB‡fi cieZx© Mfb©i †f‡i‡j÷I e‡j‡Qb †h, ˆØZ kvm‡b evsjvi ivqZ‡ì Ici AZ¨vPvi n‡q‡Q Ges K…wl Drcv`b I eëmvi AebwZ N‡U‡Q| wKšÍz †Kv¤úvwbi WvB‡i±i mfv A_©bxwZi A‡avMwZ †iv‡a †Kvb eë¯’v †bqwb| d‡j 1769 wLª÷v‡ãi †kl w`‡K GK `ywf©‡¶i Kv‡jv Qvqv evsjvq †b‡g Av‡m hv ÔwQqvË‡ii gb¦šÍi' bv‡g cwiwPZ Ges G‡Z j¶ j¶ gvby‡li cÖvYnvwb N‡U|

ˆØZ kvm‡bi d‡j m„ó Aeë¯’v, Bs‡iR Kg©Pvix I Zv‡ì †Mvg¯Ív‡ì jyÉb, f‚wg ivR¯^ DË‡ivËi e„w× Ges Abve„wói Kvi‡Y dmjnvwb nIqvq GB fqven wech©q m„wó nq| `ywf©‡¶i Zvr¶wYK KviY wQj 1768 wLª÷vã n‡Z cici `y'eQ‡ii cÖPÛ ¶ivq dmjnvwb nIqv Ges evRv‡i Lv`¨ k‡mï g~jë„w×| UvKvq GK gY n‡Z PvD‡ji g~j¨ e„w× †c‡q UvKvq 3 †m‡i ùvovq| AwaK gybvdvi Rb¨ †Kv¤úvwbi Kg©Pvix I †Mvg¯Íviv †Lvjv evRvi †_‡K Pvj, Wvj wK‡b gRy` K‡i Ges gvby‡li `y`©kv evwo‡q †Zv‡j| 1770 wLª÷v‡ãi MÖx‡®§ `ywf©‡¶i cÖ‡Kvc me©v‡c¶v e„w× cvq| Abvnv‡i PZzw`©‡K g„Zz¨ Avi gvby‡li jvk c‡o _v‡K| gywk©`vev` †_‡K †Kv¤úvwbi AvevwmK cÖwZwbwa wiPvW© †ePvi GK wi‡cv‡U© e‡jb, ÒG GK ü`q we`viK `„k¨, Gi eY©bv †`qv Am¤¢e| †`‡ki †Kvb †Kvb As‡k †h gvbyl ¶zavi Zvobvq g„Z gvbyl f¶Y Ki‡Q, Zv ¸Re bq, mwZ¨| AbvnviRwbZ g„‡Zi msL¨v cÖwZ †lvj R‡bi g‡a¨ Qq Rb|Ó wbibœ gvbyl‡K euvPv‡bvi Rb¨ miKvi wewfbœ †Rjvq j½iLvbv †Lv‡j Ges wKQy A_© eivÏ †`q| wKšÍz cÖ‡qvR‡bi Zzjbvq Zv wQj AwZ mvgvb¨| Bs‡iR Kg©Pvix Pvj©m MÖv›U wj‡Lb, ÒAvwg ¯^P‡¶ †`Ljvg, gywk©`vev‡` 77 nvRvi †jvK‡K A‡bK gvm LvIqv‡bvi c‡iI cÖZ¨n †mLv‡b cÖvq 5 kZ †jvK g„ZzëiY K‡i| iv¯ÍvNvU †_‡K g„Z‡`n Kzwo‡q †bqvi Rb¨ GK`j †jvK wb‡qvwRZ Ki‡Z nq| g„Z‡`n hviv Kzovq, ZvivI ¶zavi R¡vjvq G‡K G‡K g„ZzëiY K‡i| iv¯ÍvNvU I N‡ii †fZi c‡o _vKv g„Z‡`n wkqvj, KzKzi Ges kKzbx UvbvUvwb Ki‡Z _v‡K| cuPv g„Z †`‡ni MÜ Ges Aa©g„Z‡ì Kvbœv I KvZivwbi Rb¨ iv¯Ívq †ei nIqv `vq| cwiw¯’wZ Ggb cvkweK †h wkï g„Z wcZv-gvZv‡K Lvq, gv Zvi g„Z wkï‡K Lvq|Ó

1770 wLª÷v‡ãi ‡kl w`‡K `ywf©¶ wKQyUv cÖkwgZ n‡jI g„‡Zi msL¨v K‡gwb| KviY `ywf©‡¶i ci †`Lv †`q gnvgvix| `ywf©¶ PjvKv‡j hviv ALv`¨ KzLv`¨ †L‡q euvPvi †Póv K‡i ZvivB gnvgvixi

Gm Gm GBP Gj


Ke‡j cwZZ nq| A‡b‡KB Nievwo †Q‡o cjvqb K‡i; †KD †KD wf¶ve„wË ev `myë„wË MÖnY K‡i| Ggwbfv‡e `ywf©¶, gnvgvix Ges cjvq‡bi d‡j evsjvi cÖvq `yB-Z…Zxqvsk Rwg cwZZ I R½jvKxY© n‡q c‡o| G `ywf©‡¶ evsjvi cÖvq GK †KvwU †jvK gviv hvqÑ hviv wQj †gvU RbmsL¨vi cÖvq GK-Z…Zxqvsk| K…wl Drcv`b n«vm cvIqvi cvkvcvwk evsjvi †ikg I ZuvZ wkí G mgq `viybfv‡e ¶wZMÖ¯Í nq| Z‡e GUv we‡klfv‡e j¶Yxq †h, `ywf©‡¶i mgq gvby‡li GZ `ytL-`y`©kv m‡Ë¡I Zv‡ì KvQ †_‡K AwaK nv‡i ivR¯^ Av`vq Kiv nq| GgbwK hviv g„ZzëiY K‡i ev Ab¨Î cvwj‡q hvq Zv‡ì †`q ivR¯^ cÖwZ‡ekx‡ì wbKU n‡Z †Rvi K‡i Av`v‡qi †Póv P‡j|

G `ywf©‡¶i GK c‡iv¶ dj ˆØZ kvm‡bi Aemvb| B÷ BwÛqv †Kv¤úvwbi `vwqZ¡nxb ¶gZv I †kvlYbxwZ †h gnv`ywf©‡¶i fqvenZvi Rb¨ `vqx †Kv¤úvwb KZ…©c¶ Zv Abyfe K‡i| †m Kvi‡Y Zviv wÌqvbx kvmb mivmwi nv‡Z †bIqvi wm×všÍ †bq Ges 1772 wLª÷v‡ã †dvU© DBwjqvg KZ…©c¶ ˆØZ kvm‡bi Aemvb NwU‡q ivR¯^ kvm‡bi `vwqZ¡fvi wbR nv‡Z MÖnY K‡i|

mvims‡¶c

e·v‡ii hy‡× Rqjvf K‡i Bs‡iR B÷ BwÛqv †Kv¤úvwb c~e© I DËi fvi‡Z AwØZxq ivR‰bwZK kw³‡Z cwiYZ nq| 1765 wLª÷v‡ã ievU© K¬vBf evsjvq G‡m e·v‡ii hy‡× civwRZ w`wjøi mgªvU wØZxq kvn Avj‡gi m‡½ GK Pyw³ K‡i evsjv, wenvi I Dwol¨vi wÌqvbx kvmb Z_v ivR¯^ Av`v‡qi ¶gZv jvf K‡ib| mgªv‡Ui mv‡_ K¬vB‡fi G Pyw³ Gjvnvev‡ì mwÜ (AvM÷, 1765 wLª.) bv‡g cwiwPZ| K¬vBf ivR¯^ kvm‡bi Rb¨ †`kxq bv‡qe wÌqvb wb‡qvM K‡i ivR¯^ kvm‡b ˆØZZv m„wó K‡ib| †Kv¤úvwbi nv‡Z ¶gZv Ges A‡bï Ici `vwqZ¡ Ac©‡Yi G eë¯’v ˆØZ kvmb bv‡g cwiwPZ| wKšÍz G eë¯’vi d‡j ivR¯^ kvm‡b A‡bK mgm¨vi m„wó nq| †Kv¤úvwbi Kg©Pvix‡ì ybx©wZ, ¯^v_©ciZv Ges ivR¯^ kvm‡b n¯Í‡¶c bxwZi d‡j GwU e¨_©Zvq ch©ewmZ nq| G‡Z K…wl eë¯’v, evwYR¨ I †`‡ki A_©bxwZ †f‡½ c‡o| Gi me©v‡c¶v fqven cwiYvg 1770 wLª÷v‡ãi ywf©¶, hv wQqvË‡ii gb¦šÍi bv‡g cwiwPZ| ˆØZ kvm‡bi Pig e¨_©Zvq B÷ BwÛqv †Kv¤úvwb 1772 wLª÷v‡ã G eë¯’vi Aemvb NwU‡q cÖZ¨¶fv‡e ivR¯^ kvm‡bi `vwqZ¡ nv‡Z †bq|



3| nx‡i›`ªbv_ gy‡Lvcva¨vq, fviZe‡l©i BwZnvm|

cv‡VvËi g~j¨vqbÑ

ˆbe©¨w³K cÖkœ t mwVK DË‡ii cv‡k wUK (√) wPý w`b| 1| K¬vBf KZ wLª÷v‡ã wØZxqevi evsjvi Mfb©i nb? (K) 1762 wLª. (L) 1765 wLª. (M) 1767 wLª. (N) 1770 wLª.| 2| cÖv‡`wkK wÌqv‡bi wb‡qvMKZ©v †K wQ‡jb? (K) myev`vi (L) †K›`ªxq wÌqvb (M) mgªvU (N) wmcvnmvjvi|



3| gxi Rvd‡ii g„Zzï ci †K evsjvi beve nb? (K) gxi Kvwkg (L) wgiY (M) wmivR D‡ÏŠjv (N) bRgy‡ÏŠjv| 4| Gjvnvev‡ì mwÜPyw³ KLb m¤úvw`Z nq? (K) 1764 wLª. (L) 1765 wLª. (M) 1767 wLª. (N) 1770 wLª.| 5| Gjvnvev‡ì mwÜ Abyhvqx wÌqvbx kvmb jv‡fi wewbg‡q †Kv¤úvwb mgªvU‡K evrmwiK KZ j¶

UvKv †`‡e? (K) 26 j¶ (L) 36 j¶ (M) 46 j¶ (N) 53 j¶| 6| beve Avwje`x©i mg‡q c~wY©qv †Rjvi ivR‡¯î cwigvY KZ wQj? (K) 2 j¶ UvKv (L) 3 j¶ UvKv (M) 4 j¶ UvKv (N) 7 j¶ UvKv| 7| ˆØZ kvm‡bi Aemvb KLb nq? (K) 1770 wLª. (L) 1772 wLª. (M) 1774 wLª. (N) 1775 wLª.| msw¶ß cÖkœ t 1| wÌqvbx wK Zv ms‡¶‡c eY©bv Kiyb| 2| ˆØZ kvm‡bi cÖK…wZ e¨vL¨v Kiyb| 3| 1770 wLª÷v‡ãi `ywf©‡¶i msw¶ß weeiY w`b| iPbvg~jK cÖkœ t 1| evsjvq Bs‡iR‡ì wÌqvbx jv‡fi cUf‚wg Av‡jvPbv Kiyb| 2| ˆØZ kvmb ej‡Z wK eySvq? Gi djvdj Av‡jvPbv Kiyb|

ˆbe©¨w³K cÖ‡kœi DËi t cvV-1 t 1| (K); 2| (M); 3| (K); 4| (N)| cvV-2 t 1| (M); 2| (L); 3| (L); 4| (K); 5| (M); 6| (N); 7| (M)| cvV-3 t 1| (L); 2| (K); 3| (M)| cvV-4 t 1| (M); 2| (L); 3| (N); 4| (L); 5| (M); 6| (K)| cvV-5 t 1| (L); 2| (M); 3| (N); 4| (L); 5| (K); 6| (M); 7| (L)|

dcgnv‡`‡k bs‡ir kvm‡bi m~pbv · gm gm gbp gj bdwbu--- c„ôv 138 bd‡ivcxq‡`i avmgb...

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