dbq essay 4-21-09
TRANSCRIPT
Benjamin Steephenson
7th- S.S
April 22, 2009
DBQ Essay
Between 1763 and 1775 the relationship between Great Britain and its colonies grew
increasingly tense. Taxation without representation was a fierce argument between the colonists
and the British. This essay describes the viewpoints of some influential people and numerous
reasons why people supported a side of the argument. It is also stated different ways people
reacted to certain events.
George Greenville (Document 1), a Member of Parliament, stated on January 14, 1766
that Great Britain is ultimately sovereign. Britain has supreme legislative power over the
colonies, and that includes the ability to tax the colonies. Greenville supported Great Britain’s
side of the argument by presenting a big reason to tax the colonies. Greenville blames the
colonies for the national debt. Britain had to pay a large sum of money to protect the colonies
during the French and Indian War. Now it is the colonies time to be called to pay for expenses.
The colonies are part of England. In everything they are British. Dr. Samuel Johnson
(Document 4) used this fact to support Parliament’s ability to tax the colonies. The colonists are
entitled to all English rights. If the colonists are governed by English laws, regulated by English
council, and protected by the English army, shouldn’t they also pay English taxes?
King George III (Document 5) supported Parliament’s rights to tax by stating that the
only reason for the arguments is the traitorous view of the leaders in the colonies. The king says
that the Great Britain is the freest society in the whole world. The people in the colonies should
just change their views and should realize this truth. This would stop all the violence such as that
of the Boston Massacre.
The reasons why Britain pursued its policies despite opposition revolved around the need
for money and the extent Great Britain would go for the money. Britain was in massive debt
because of the colonists during the French and Indian War. No matter how hard the colonists
opposed, that money would need to be paid. Taxing the colonists was the easiest to get that
money, so Britain persisted in this method.
George Washington (Document 3) supported the Patriot cause. He believes that
representation is required to pass likes like the Intolerable Acts and the Townshend Acts.
Parliament needs the colonies’ consent in the legislation of laws. He even says that “I think that
the Parliament of Great Britain hath no more right to put their hands into my pockets, without my
consent, than I have to put my hands into yours for money.” Washington also stated that
representation is a right the colonists had, but petitioning Parliament would degrade the purpose
of that right. It would be like “asking a favor and not claiming a right.”
Thomas Paine (Document 7) wrote the Crisis, a pamphlet that encouraged fighting for
freedom. The crisis states that Britain rules with tyranny. One reason to fight against Britain is
that it was way too powerful. Britain even declared that they had the right to not only to tax, but
to also bind the people in all cases whatsoever. Britain had complete political control over its
colonies and was abusing its power. The colonists were bound by Britain, giving a reason to fight
for freedom.
The laws passed by Britain had awful effects on the colonists. The best way to protest
taxes is boycott, or refusal to buy a certain good. In Document 2, we see how taxes affected
sales. Sales lowered when the Sugar Act was passed. When the Townshend Acts were repealed,
sales skyrocketed. The Intolerable Acts led to a nosedive in sales. Boycotts weren’t the only way
the colonists reacted. People published propaganda, attacked tax collectors, and in the long run,
separated from Britain.
The argument between Britain and the colonies has many important points. The British
demand that the colonies pay taxes because they caused the debt and they are responsible for
paying taxes. America wants representation before taxation instead of being completely ruled by
the tyranny of Great Britain. This argument and several consequential events led to the American
Revolution, in which the colonies broke away from Britain.