db2udb_the_basics

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© 2005 IBM Corporation

DB2 UDB Fundamentals

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DB2 Overview Instance Database DB2 Architecture

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© 2005 IBM Corporation3

DB2 Overview

DB2 is a database product from IBM. Initially DB2 product is developed for Mainframe ,

Since 1990’s It is decided to develop a UDB which can run on any Platform(Unix, Linux, Windows)

Latest version of db2 is 10.5 (added feature of BLU acceleration).

3.4 (Code web), 8.1,8.2 (Stinger) , 9.1 (Viper), 9.5 (Viper2) , 9.7 (Cobra), 9.8 (added feature with pure scale) , 10.1 (Galileo), 10.5 (Capler)

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Products

DB2 Personal Edition (Remote feature NA)

DB2 Workgroup Server Edition

DB2 Enterprise Server Edition

DB2 Workgroup Server Unlimited Edition

DB2 UDB Express Edition(lowest price fully functional)

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DB2 Installation

Download the software from IBM site. gunzip v9.7fp10_linuxia32_server.tar.gz tar -xvf v9.7fp10_linuxia32_server.tar After extraction of file Server folder will be displayed. In server folder , You will find db2_install script U have to invoke that script using ./ DB2 installation will start.

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Installation Process

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Creation of Group and User

This is very important concept as We can not directly use the DB2 commands after installation of DB2.

We have to create a group and allocate it to users. groupadd –g 999 db2iadm1, groupadd –g 998 db2fadm1, groupadd

–g 997 dasadm1 useradd -g db2iadm -m -d /home/db2inst1 db2inst1 , useradd -g

db2fadm -m -d /home/db2fenc1 db2fenc1 .

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Instance Manages one or more databases Must have root or Administrator Authority to create db2icrt is used to create an instance db2idrop is used to drop an instance db2iupdt is used to update the instance

db2icrt -u fencedusr instance_name

db2start will start an instance

db2stop will stop an instance

./db2icrt –u db2fenc1 db2inst1

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Configuration Parameters

When a DB2 database instance or a database is created, a corresponding configuration file is created with default parameter values.

There are two types of configuration files:

The database manager configuration file for each DB2 instance (dbm cfg)

The database configuration file for each individual database.(db cfg)

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Instance Level Parameter

db2 get dbm cfg db2 update dbm cfg using parm db2 get dbm cfg | grep –i SVCENAME db2 get dbm cfg > dbm_instance.cfg db2 get dbm cfg | grep -i agent (AGENT_STACK_SZ), (MAX_CONNECTIONS), (CPUSPEED) = 3.975564e-07,

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Instance Level Parameters

db2 get dbm cfg | grep –i diag

This parameter specifies the type of diagnostic errors that will be recorded in the db2diag.log file.

Diagnostic data directory path (DIAGPATH) = /home/db2inst2/sqllib/db2dump/

Diagnostic error capture level (DIAGLEVEL) = 3

db2 get dbm cfg | grep –i notify

This parameter specifies the type of administration notification messages that are written to the administration notification log.

• Notify Level (NOTIFYLEVEL) = 3

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Valid Values of Diag level

0 – Only critical errors, event messages, and administration notification messages are captured on the server side. You cannot set the value of this parameter to 0 on the client side.

1 – Only severe errors, critical errors, event messages, and administration notification messages are captured.

2 – All errors, event messages, and administration notification messages are captured.

3 – All errors, warnings, event messages, and administration notification messages are captured.

4 – All errors, warnings, informational messages, event messages, and administration notification messages are captured.

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Valid Values of Notify Level

Valid values for this parameter are:0 - No administration notification messages captured. (This setting is not recommended.)

1 - Fatal or unrecoverable errors. Only fatal and unrecoverable errors are logged. To recover from some of these conditions, you might need assistance from DB2 service.

2 - Immediate action required. Conditions are logged that require immediate attention from the system administrator or the database administrator. If the condition is not resolved, it could lead to a fatal error. Notification of very significant, non-error activities (for example, recovery) might also be logged at this level. This level will capture Health Monitor alarms. Informational messages will be shown at this level.

3 - Important information, no immediate action required. Conditions are logged that are non-threatening and do not require immediate action but might indicate a non-optimal system. This level will capture Health Monitor alarms, Health Monitor warnings, and Health Monitor attentions.

4 - Informational messages.

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Creating the Database

Create db database-name Creates three table spaces Creates System Catalog Tables There are two types of database

(i) Local (ii) Remote

Local Database : db2 create db Sales Remote Database : db2 catalog tcpip node mynode1 remote

aries.myacme.com server 50000 db2 catalog db rmtdb as myrmtdb at node mynode1

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Local Database and Remote Database

If entry type = Indirect ie Local Database

If entry type = Remote i.e Remote Database

Db2 list db directory

Database alias = MYRMTDB

Database name = RMTDB

Node name = NODE1

Database release level = d.00

Comment =

Directory entry type = Remote

Catalog database partition number = -1

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Create Database Command

db2 get db cfg db2 update db cfg using parm db2 get db cfg | grep –i reorg db2 get db cfg > db_instance.cfg db2 get db cfg | grep -i log

db2 connect to Localdb[db2inst2@localhost ~]$ db2 connect to PRANAV

Database Connection Information

Database server = DB2/LINUX 9.7.10

SQL authorization ID = DB2INST2

Local database alias = PRANAV

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Db2 get db cfg example

Db2 get db cfg | grep –i auto

Automatic maintenance (AUTO_MAINT) = ON

Automatic database backup (AUTO_DB_BACKUP) = OFF

Automatic table maintenance (AUTO_TBL_MAINT) = ON

Automatic runstats (AUTO_RUNSTATS) = ON

Automatic statement statistics (AUTO_STMT_STATS) = ON

Automatic statistics profiling (AUTO_STATS_PROF) = OFF

Automatic profile updates (AUTO_PROF_UPD) = OFF

Automatic reorganization (AUTO_REORG) = OFF

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DB2 Architecture

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System Database Directory

the system database directory is like a table of contents: it shows you all the databases you can connect to from your system. The system database directory is stored in a binary file with name SQLDBDIR and is in the following location:

• DB2_instance_home/sqllib/sqldbdir on Linux and UNIX systems.

db2 list db directory

Type = Indirect , Type = Remote

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Node Directory

The node directory stores information about how to communicate to a remote instance where a given database resides. It is stored in a file called SQLNODIR and is in:

DB2_instance_home/sqllib/sqlnodir

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Data Connection Services

The DCS directory is required only when connecting to a host server like DB2 for OS/390, z/OS, and i5/OS.

Db2 list dcs directory

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Table SpaceLogical layer between Hardware and Database

Comprised of one or more containers

A container is a file or a directory

REGULAR

CREATE TABLESPACE name

LARGE

SYSTEM

TEMPORARY

USER

MANAGED BY SYSTEM system-containers

DATABASE database-containers

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System ContainersSMS Containers

USING (‘container string’)

DMS Containers

USING (FILE ‘container string’ number of pages)

(DEVICE ‘container string’ number of pages)

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Table Space Example

CREATE TABLESPACE TS1 MANAGED BY SYSTEM

USING (‘/home/inst01/database/ts1’)

CREATE TABLESPACE DMS01D MANAGED BY DATABASE

USING (FILE ‘C:\DMS\DATABASE\DMS01D’ 1000)

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Create Tables

Command Line

db2 create table ARTISTS (

ARTNO SMALLINT NOT NULL,

NAME VARCHAR(40),

COMPANY CHAR(20), BIO CLOB (10K) NOT LOGGED,

PICTURE BLOB (2700K) NOT LOGGED )

IN DMS01D INDEX IN DMS01I LONG IN DMS01L

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Create Table Script File

create table warehouse (itemno smallint, warehousename char(20), qty integer ) in dms03d;

The script file cr_warehouse contains the above info

db2 –tvf cr_warehouse

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Table CharacteristicsDescribe command

db2 describe table ARTISTSColumn Type Typename schema name Length Scale Nulls--------------- --------- ------------------ -------- ----- ------ARTNO SYSIBM SMALLINT 2 0 NoNAME SYSIBM VARCHAR 40 0 YesCOMPANY SYSIBM CHARACTER 20 0 YesBIO SYSIBM CLOB 20480 0 YesPICTURE SYSIBM BLOB 2764800 0 Yes

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Describe Indexes

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Moving Data

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Moving Data

IMPORT EXPORT LOAD db2move

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Import / Export

FileImport

Export

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IMPORT utility

IMPORT FROM filename OF IXF

DEL

ASC

LOBS FROM lob-path MODIFIED BY options

MESSAGES

INSERT INTO table-name

INSERT_UPDATE

REPLACE

REPLACE_CREATE

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Export

EXPORT TO file OF IXF MESSAGES message-file

DEL

WSF

select statement

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LOAD

1) Load Loads data, collects index keys

2) Build creates the indexes

3) Delete Delete unique key violations place into exception tables.

4) Index Copy – copy indexes from temp table space

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LOAD Command

LOAD FROM filename OF IXF

ASC

DEL

LOBS FROM lob-path MODIFIED BY options

MESSAGES message-file

INSERT INTO table-name

REPLACE

RESTART

TERMINATE

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LOAD from Cursor

Create nickname sales for

another database SAMPLE table SALES

Create nickname employee for

another database SAMPLE table EMPLOYEE

DECLARE C1 CURSOR FOR SELECT SALES.SALES_PERSON, LASTNAME, FIRSTNME FROM SALES, EMPLOYEE

WHERE SALES_PERSON = EMPLOYEE.LASTNAME

LOAD FROM C1 OF CURSOR INSERT INTO LOCAL_SALES

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db2move

db2move

Database

db2move.lst

table.ixf

DB2MOVE

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db2move syntax

db2move database-name import

export

load

tc table-creators

tn table-name

sn schema-names

ts table space-names

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GUI Tools Using Graphical User Interface

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Using the Control Center

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Control Center – Create Database

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Examples of Table Space

CREATE TABLESPACE TS1 MANAGED BY SYSTEM

USING (‘C:\SMS\MUSICKEG\TS1’)

CREATE TABLESPACE DMS01D MANAGED BY DATABASE

USING (FILE ‘C:\DMS\MUSICKEG\DMS01D’ 161)

EXTENTSIZE 8 PREFETECHSIZE 8

CREATE TABLESPACE DMS01I MANAGED BY DATABASE

USING (FILE ‘C:\DMS\MUSICKEG\DMS01I’ 48)

EXTENTSIZE 4 PREFETCHSIZE 4

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Table Space Using GUI

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Table Space Using GUI (2)

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Command Editor

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Visual Explain

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Task Center

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Journal

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RECOVERY

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RecoveryDefining logs

Recovery of database

Recovery of a table space

Offline versus Online

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Database Recovery LOGRETAIN = NO

Database

S0000000.log

S0000001.log

S00000002.log

S0000003.log (Secondary Log)

S0000004.log (Secondary Log)

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Database Recovery LOGRETAIN = RECOVERY

Database

S0000000.log

S0000001.log

S00000002.log

S0000003.log

S0000004.log

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Backup

If LOGRETAIN = Recovery you may backup table space or database

If LOGRETAIN = NO you may only backup database

BACKUP DB database-name ONLINE to C:\backup

INCLUDE LOGS

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Recovery

If LOGRETAIN = NO, you may only recover the database If LOGRETAIN = RECOVERY, you may recover a table space

or a database from a full database backup

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Modes of Recovery Offline Online

RESTORE DB database-name FROM file TAKEN AT time

ROLLFORWARD DATABASE database-name

TO isotime AND STOP

END OF LOGS

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HADR – High Availability Disaster Recovery

Database_standby

Database1

Laptop computer

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Performance and Tuning

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Performance and Tuning

Database Configuration parameters Database Structure SQL Statements

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Database Configuration parameters

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Configuration Parameters

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Buffer Pool

Database

Buffer Pool

Select * from Staff

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Monitoring Buffer Pool Hit Ratio

db2 get snapshot for bufferpools on database-name

Bufferpool name = IBMDEFAULTBP

Database name = MUSICKEG

Database path = C:\DB2\NODE0000\SQL00002\

Input database alias = MUSICKEG

Snapshot timestamp = 05/04/2005 13:11:37.329018

Buffer pool data logical reads = 336

Buffer pool data physical reads = 129

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Sort Heap

Sorts are done in sortheap If no space for sort data is moved to TEMPSPACEn GET SNAPSHOT FOR ALL ON database

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Package Cache

Dynamic SQL statements

Package Cache

Select * from Staff where ID = 10Select * from Staff where ID = 10

Update Staff Set Salary = Salary + 100 where ID = 10

Select * from EMPLOYEE

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LOCK

Locks are held to prevent loss of data Lock Row / Table / Table Space LOCKLIST MAXLOCKS ALTER TABLE table-name LOCKSIZE TABLE

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Show Locks

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SQL Statements

Determine which statement is causing the majority of problems

Determine what might be causing the problem Testing the solution

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SQL Activity Monitor

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Visual Explain

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Table Statistics

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Performance Summary

Buffer pools Numerous Database Configuration parameters SQL Statement Tuning

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Security

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Security

Security is used at the operating system level Table access is through the database

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Instance Level

SYSADM_GROUP SYSCTRL_GROUP SYSMAINT_GROUP SYSMON_GROUP

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GRANT / REVOKE

GRANT access to an object/program REVOKE access to an object/program GRANT SELECT ON TABLE ARTISTS TO USER1

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Summary

The Relational Database can be simple or complex The database structure is simple, Table spaces, Tables, etc. Recovery is straight forward Database maintenance can be automated Tuning the database is a life long endeavor

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DB2 UDB Proof of Technology

July 12, 13 DB2 UDB Administration Proof of Technology IBM – McClean Tec 8401 Greensboro Drive McClean, VA 22102 Suite 120 First Floor WebSphere Information Integrator July 14, 2005 Contact: Keith E. Gardenhire [email protected]

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DB2 UDB Proof of Technology Con’t

db2udb_the_basics

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