day 2 northern metropolitan region language support program for primary schools charmaine tu (speech...
TRANSCRIPT
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DAY 2
Northern Metropolitan Region
Language Support Program for Primary Schools
Charmaine Tu (Speech & Language Pathologist)A teaching and learning program
designed to support students with oral language difficulties in the
classroom.
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•build on teacher understanding of oral language development and difficulties
•develop a framework for understanding oral language
•utilise a more systematic process for identifying language difficulties in the classroom
•assist teachers to better cater for students with language difficulties within their classroom practices.
The LSP Professional Learning Program
aims to:
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A Framework for Understanding Oral
Language Ideas… Messages… Meanings… Vocabulary... Morphology… Semantics
Conventions… Rules… Grammar … Phonology…Syntax … Prosody
Purpose... Functions of language… Pragmatics
Ability to learn… knowing how to learn.. Metalinguistics…Metacognition
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IDEAS WORD
ORSENTENCE
MEANINGSDISCOURSE
TOPIC
WORD
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WORD
words have meaningsparts of words have meaningsvocabulary as a meaning network
IDEASOR
SENTENCE
MEANINGS DISCOURSE
TOPIC
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WORD MEANING
Individual words and their meanings are stored in a person’s
word bank or vocabulary
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words that carry meaning by
themselves such as hat, jump, and red;
words that connect or 'glue' the content words
together such as in, about, the and
although;
CONTENT words
FUNCTION words
There are two types of word meanings in English
WORD MEANING
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NOUNS VERBS ADJECTIVES ADVERBS
objects persons, animals, places,
things, and abstract
ideas
actions describe, identify or quantify nouns
describe how, when, where, etc actions are
done
CONTENT WORDS
WORD MEANING
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FUNCTION WORDS
PREPOSITIONS
CONJUNCTIONS
such as in, about, under
such as the, a, an
such as and, though, but
ARTICLES
WORD MEANING
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PARTS OF WORDS HAVE MEANING
What is the difference between the two words in each pair?
Consider these word pairs
skip - skipped
apple - apples
run - running
PARTS OF WORDS HAVE MEANING
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MORPHOLOGYMORPHOLOGY
… the study of word meanings
Each unit of meaning is called a morpheme.
Morphemes are the smallest units of meaning.
PARTS OF WORDS HAVE MEANING
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Words heard are associated with meaning networks that make up a
person’s vocabularyMeaning networks are both rich and
extensive
VOCABULARY AS A MEANING NETWORK
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ANALYSIS
BACTERIA
DRINKING SUPPLY
H2O
CO2
Soda syphon
Lemonade
Coca Cola
Mineral water
soda
stream
lake
weir
WATER
river
dam
laboratory
microscope
reservoir
pipes
taps
plumber$$$
toxic
gastroenteritis
Doctor
Nurse
$$$
pollution
Carbonated water
microbe
germ
Hospital
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IDENTIFICATIONIdeas at word level
LSP Oral Language Observational Profile
Professional Learning Guide pg 80
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Perceptually Based
Meanings
Developmental Sequence for Learning Word Meanings
Functionally Based
Meanings
Meanings
in Hierarchies
Abstract Generic Based
Meanings
Words understood in
perceptual ways
Words understood in
functional ways
Some meanings
more general than
others
Words understood in abstract ways
What they look or sound
like
What they do or are used
for
Cars and bicycles are
vehicles
Understand transport as a
concept
When you ask a student what a word such as “car” means
It has wheels, it goes fast
People can drive them to
go places
Cars are vehicles like
bicycles
A type of transport
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Teaching the Meaning of Novel Words
1. Introduce word in meaningful context. Say…
Student says the word. “I poured the liquid into the jar.”
2. Show 4-5 pictorial or concrete examples. Say “What do all the pictures show?”
3. If possible link an action with the word.
Say “Make your hands pour a liquid.”
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Teaching the Meanings of Novel Words
4. Show 4-5 pictorial or concrete NON examples. Say… “How are these different from liquids?”
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Teaching the Meanings of Novel Words
5. Suggest synonyms for the word. Say….“Liquid is fluid.”
6. Show the word in another context. Say… “I stirred in the liquid.”
7. Have the student select examples of the word from non-examples of the word.
Say “Show me the ones that are not liquids.”8. Have the student use the word in
meaningful sentences.
Say “Tell me some sentences with the word “liquid” in it.”
“Liquid is like water.” “It is like a wet substance.”
“The liquid is escaping.”
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Teaching the Meanings of Novel Words
1. Introduce word in meaningful context.
2. Show 4-5 pictorial or concrete examples.
3. If possible link an action with the word.
4. Show 4-5 pictorial or concrete NON examples.
5. Suggest synonyms for the word.
6. Show the word in another context.
7. Have the student select examples of the word from non-examples of the word.
8. Have the student use the word in meaningful sentences.
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Word
Words have meaningsParts of words have meaningsVocabulary as a meaning network
IdeasOr
MeaningsSentence
Simple sentences describe an eventVariations of simple sentences Complex sentence ideas
Discourse
Topic
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put it in the car He
The agent or doer
the action
Simple sentences describe a single event
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I finished my work.
Give me back my book.
When is it my turn?
That’s not fair.
describe an event
give an instruction
ask a question
comment on a situation
Variations of Simple Sentences
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Usually contain joining words (conjunctions) or subordinate clauses, i.e. a dependent clause which is not complete by itself. and
but
because while
beforeafter
Complex Sentences
unless
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A relationship between two events
Refer to two attributes at once
He spoke while she was talking.
He spoke after she was talking
Which cat is black and drinks tea?
Exclusive relationship
Generalization
All the children went except Fred.
All cats begin life as kittens.
Complex Sentences
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Cause and Effect Conditional relationship
She did it because the bell rang.
He will be eaten if he meets the wolf.
Complex Sentences
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IDENTIFICATIONIdeas at the sentence
level
Oral Language Observational Profile
LSP professional learning guide p. 80
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Sentence Meaning, Comprehension and Production
When language users have difficulty understanding or saying meaningful sentences, it is difficult to decide whether the sentence meaning or convention (rule) aspects are in place.
Examine the student’s comprehension or production of sentences in several contexts in order to see which aspects of sentence knowledge are known by the student.
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Ask & Answer
Wh Questions
Marion Blank questions.doc
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ACTIVITIESCause and Effect Fun Deck
Conjunction Games
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Individual (Word)
Words have meaningsParts of words have meaningsVocabulary as a meaning network
IdeasOr
Meanings Sentence
Simple sentences describe an eventVariations of simple sentences Complex sentence ideas
Discourse Text/Genre
Topic
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The word ‘discourse’ refers to the sequence of spoken sentences in:
• a conversation
• a story
• a set of instructions • or an explanation
• a description
Discourse Meaning
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Listen to the following narrative discourse
A large car met the jet after it had landed. Two security guards came up the steps into the
aircraft and escorted us to the car. One afternoon as I was sitting outside my tent, I heard raised voices. The day was warm here and we removed our jackets. I saw a most curious sight. We carried them with our
computer bags. Mr Atkins, his face purple with anger, strode towards us .
Discourse Meaning
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Discourse Meaning
To evaluate a discourse in terms of its meaning, you can examine whether
• each sentence follows on from earlier sentences to maintain the topic
• the sentences flow or are connected
• sentences are predictable from earlier sentences.
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During communication, participants can link individual ideas across sentences.
The boy used ‘it’ to refer to the idea mentioned earlier i.e.the cat.
It got runned over.
The cat is
white.
Discourse Meaning
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During communication, participants expect the sentence ideas to be predictable or to flow.
Responses are expected to follow from what has been said earlier.
Responses may:
extend or elaborate what has been said
earlier
provide examples
support
it
argue against it
Discourse Meaning
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When the text is a story, the discourse ideas include
the main character
s
the plot of the
story and the
events in it
where and
when it occurs
Discourse Meaning
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IDENTIFICATIONIdeas at the discourse
level
LSP Oral Language Observational Profile
Pg 80
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Word
Words have meaningsParts of words have meaningsVocabulary as a meaning network
Ideasor
MeaningsSentence
Simple sentences describe an eventVariations of simple sentences More complex sentence ideas
Discourse Text/Genre
Topic Main Theme
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Topic Meaning
Down, down. Emily felt herself continuing to go down. It was getting warmer now and she felt the perspiration on her body. It had been dark
earlier but now it was lighter. She was becoming more relaxed. She was breathing
more slowly and her heart was relaxed. Images flashed before her eyes. She couldn't tell if
they were real or in her imagination. Suddenly she felt a different sensation. Had the falling stopped? "Will I be interested this time ?" she
asked herself.
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How do listeners work out the topic?
make informed guessesmake informed guesses
test these guesses test these guesses
modify if necessarymodify if necessary
They may …
Topic Meaning
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Using the work unit you brought to the session, work out:– Vocabulary them needs to be taught– Activities you could do with your class (If
you don’t have a class, choose a grade level)
ACTIVITY- Ideas
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A Framework for Understanding Oral
Language Ideas… Messages… Meanings… Vocabulary... Morphology… Semantics
Conventions… Rules… Grammar … Phonology…Syntax … Prosody
Purpose... Functions of language… Pragmatics
Ability to learn… knowing how to learn.. Metalinguistics…Metacognition
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PHONOLOGICAL
SOUNDS INTO WORDS
CONVENTIONSOF
LANGUAGE GRAMMATICALWORDS INTO SENTENCES
GENRE SENTENCES INTO DISCOURSE
Rules governing the combining and unpacking of:
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PHONOLOGICAL KNOWLEDGE
…what we know about the sound properties (the phonology) of our language.
Phonological Conventions
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Phonological Awareness
• The conscious awareness of sounds of language. It is the ability to attend to and manipulate sounds in words.
• Various screening tools exist that may already be available in your schools eg: The Sutherland Phonological Awareness Test (SPAT-R), English On-Line Interview
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PHONOLOGICAL KNOWLEDGE
COMPREHENSION COMPREHENSION
Storing the word’s sound
pattern
Storing the word’s sound
pattern
…in their memory…in their memory
Storing the word’s
meaning
Storing the word’s
meaning
Phonological Conventions
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PHONOLOGICAL KNOWLEDGE
EXPRESSION EXPRESSION
...a need to know the
sound pattern of the word
...a need to know the
sound pattern of the word
…stored in their memory…stored in their memory
...an ability to do the actions to
produce the sound
pattern i.e. to articulate
the word
...an ability to do the actions to
produce the sound
pattern i.e. to articulate
the word
Phonological Conventions
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excaped
This mispronunciation could be due to:
•what he has stored about the sound pattern that makes the word•his ability to do the actions necessary to say the word.
Phonological Conventions
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There are phonological conventions that apply to:
• separate sounds
• how we combine sounds to form syllables and words
• the stress, pause and intonation patterns we use.
Phonological Conventions
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SET 1
uln
xpssjed
dblf
cbui
esftted
qvu
SET 2
bok
possed
blef
cib
seftted
quv
Phonological Conventions
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Phonological conventions also include stress and intonation patterns
Consider this word:* project
Phonological Conventions
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Phonological Conventions
Phonological conventions also include stress and intonation patterns“Shut the door!”
“Shut the door?”
This is called the PROSODY of the sentence.
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ACTIVITY
Phonological conventions
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PHONOLOGICAL
SOUNDS INTO WORDS
CONVENTIONSOF
LANGUAGE GRAMMATICALWORDS INTO SENTENCES
GENRE SENTENCES INTO DISCOURSE
Rules governing the combining and unpacking of:
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GRAMMAR - the arrangement of
words (syntax) together with correct morphological endings (morphology) in a phrase or a sentence to indicate relationships of meaning.
Grammatical Conventions
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Mum took the cat to the vet
The cat took mum to the vet
If we change the WORD ORDER – we communicate a different idea.
Grammatical Conventions
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I buyed 3 apple.
Mum taked it to the vet.
Despite grammatical errors a listener would understand these sentences.
Grammatical Conventions
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"One thing is clear, is relations between
America and Russia are good, and they're
important that they be good."
Can you pick 3 grammatical mistakes?
Bushism
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Some grammatical conventions are important to communicate meaning, including being able to correctly use…
• verb tense to say when an event occurred, for example, "I talked", vs "I will talk",
• rules for using the ‘morphemes’ such as ‘s’ to show the plural forms of nouns,
• the appropriate pronouns such as ‘he’ or ‘she’ to indicate gender.
Grammatical Conventions
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ACTIVITY
Grammatical conventions
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PHONOLOGICAL
SOUNDS INTO WORDS
CONVENTIONSOF
LANGUAGE GRAMMATICALWORDS INTO SENTENCES
GENRE SENTENCES INTO DISCOURSE
Rules governing the combining and unpacking of:
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Rules for linking sentences into larger text such as stories, explanations or
descriptions
Genre Conventions
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Read the following passage.
How could you increase the cohesion between its sentences?
Peter ran up the path to the top of the hill. Peter saw the beautiful ocean. Peter had a rest. Peter walked down again.
Genre Conventions
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IDENTIFICATIONConventions
LSP Oral Language Observational Profile
Pg 80
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Activities, teaching
procedures and learning
strategies
ConventionsProfessional Learning Guide p. 100-105, 124, 128
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Look at the list of suggested activities for Convention. Identify those suitable for your grade level.
Any more activities you can suggest?
ACTIVITY- Conventions
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ACTION PLANNING
LSP Implementation SurveyProfessional Learning Guide p. 163
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PREPARATION FOR DAY 3
• Review the English Continuum –Speaking & Listening
Indicators of Progress for:• Ideas Communicated• Conventions Of Language
http://www.education.vic.gov.au/studentlearning/teachingresources/english/englishcontinuum/speaklisten/default.htm
Bring a unit of work you’d like to work on for LSP