Setting Up

International Union for Conservation of Nature

Setting Up

International Union for Conservation of Nature

Between 10 and 20% of drylands are subject to desertification

Desertification exacerbates poverty, creates food and water insecurity and aggravates conflict

Global cost of desertification: 42 billion USD annually

Estimated cost of preventing it: 2.4 billion USD

DESERTIFICATION IS DEFINED BY UNCCD AS: LAND DEGRADATION IN THE DRYLANDS

Setting Up

International Union for Conservation of Nature

Overgrazing of rangeland,

Inappropriate land management that encourages soil erosion by wind and water,

Inappropriate irrigation management leading to salinization,

Degradation of the natural vegetative diversity.

In addition to land use change.

Degradation of the natural vegetative diversity.

NATURALLY AND HUMAN ACTIVITIES.

DRIVERS OF DESERTIFICATION

Poor understanding of dryland ecology Weak consultation with resource managers Weak communal tenure arrangements and governance Unsupportive policies and investments Human poverty and population dynamics Climate change and climatic uncertainty Fragmentation of landscapes

Desertification is one of today’s greatest environmental challenges, and is a major impediment to meeting basic human needs in drylands and elsewhere

Setting Up

International Union for Conservation of Nature

Different initiatives to restore land and managed biodiversity:

Researches InfrastructureProtected AreasAwareness Campaigns………………….………….…………………

RESPONDING TO CHALLENGES IN DRYLANDS

Setting Up

Setting Up

International Union for Conservation of Nature

GOVERNANCE AND MANAGEMENT

What is the difference between management and governance!!!!!!!!

what is done in pursuit of

conservation objectives the

means and actions to achieve

such objectives

...is about... Management

who decides what to do

how those decisions are

taken

who holds power, authority

and responsibility

who is (or should be) held

accountable

...is about... Governance

Setting Up

International Union for Conservation of Nature

Governance types are defined on:

Basis of “who holds management authority and responsibility and can be held accountable” for a specific protected area

IUCN RECOGNIZE FOUR BROAD TYPES OF GOVERNANCE

The Four Types are:

A. Governance by governmentB. Shared governanceC. Private governanceD. Governance by indigenous peoples and localcommunities

Setting Up

International Union for Conservation of Nature

Different Perspectives

Governance Type A

Governance by Government

Governance Type B

Shared Governance

Governance Type C & D

Private governance and By local Community

Government

Agency

Enforcing rules and repressing violations

Negotiating specific agreementSharing responsibility informal way

Recognizing transferring authorities and responsibilities

Local Communi

ty

Losing all control on land resourcesLetting government take most of decisions

Negotiating agreement to share formally or informally the management authority and responsibility

Conserving or talking on full management authority and responsibility and remaining independents

NGO Let the government dealing with that alone

Support government to communicate with local actors and achieve their support Facilitating the negotiation of specific management agreement

Letting the local actors deal with that alone

HOW DIFFERENT ACTORS ASSESS THE GOVERNANCE TYPES ???

International Union for Conservation of Nature

SO GOOD GOVERNANCE IS

It is Interaction between the State and its Citizens Rules – laws and other norms Institutions Processes Principles GOVERNAN

CE IS MORE THAN

GOVERNMENT

◘

◘

◘

◘

Transparency

Predictability/ “Rule of Law”

Accountability

Participation

Laws and other normsInstitutionsProcesses

Tonle Sap exercise

Setting Up

International Union for Conservation of Nature

IT IS A COMMUNITY CONSERVED

AREA

IT IS IN PRACTICE PA CATEGORY 5

HIMA / AGDAL = HIMA / AGDAL = GOVERNANCE MODEL GOVERNANCE MODEL

Setting Up

International Union for Conservation of Nature

Indicative guide to restoration in different IUCN categories

Ia

Strict Nature Reserve

Lb

Wilderness areas

ii. National Park

iii

Natural Monument

IvHabitat/

Species Management

VProtected

Landscape/ Seascape

Vi

Managed Resource

Restoration through natural processes as a result of protection

Active time- limited restoration

Continuous restoration

Continuous Restoration for biodiversity and human needs

CAN TOP DOWN BE WISE FOR CAN TOP DOWN BE WISE FOR RESTORATION ????!!!!!!!RESTORATION ????!!!!!!!

Setting Up

International Union for Conservation of Nature

SO SO HIMA IN A MANAGEMENT AND HIMA IN A MANAGEMENT AND

GOVERNANCE MATRIX GOVERNANCE MATRIX

Governance types

Protected area categories

A. Governance by government

B. Shared governance

C. Private governance D. Governance by indigenous peoples and local communities

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I a. Strict Nature Reserve

Ib. Wilderness Area

II. National Park

III. Natural Monument

IV. Habitat/ Species Management

V. Protected Landscape/ Seascape

VI. Managed Resource Protected Area

Setting Up

CONSERVE = RESERVE WILL SHARE WITH YOU WHAT WE OBSERVE !!!!!!

The Zarqa River Basin represents a transitional area between the semi arid high lands in the west to the dry desert in the east.

Biodiversity is being lost and improper land use and heavy ground water extraction are important causes of degradation of land and vegetation.

3,900 Km2 area

A CASE FROM ZARQA RIVER BASIN!!!!!!A CASE FROM ZARQA RIVER BASIN!!!!!!

International Union for Conservation of Nature

Strengthening Local Government:

- To reach the stage of full decentralization the capacity building

Empowerment local level:

- Empowering the local community to be able to participate in the decision making process concerning their natural resources.

It will probably gives further insights in decision-making and concerted actions processes, while deepening understanding on attitudes and

believes of related Stakeholders

Through building their accountability

STRENGTHEN GOVERNANCE

LEGITIMISING HIMA Legal avenues identified and political

dialogue to identify acceptable approaches Land for protection identified by

communities Allocation of land approved by government

Dept. rangelands and Badia development Dept tourism and antiquities

Rules and regulations developed by communities

Inter-community dialogue to enforce rules: enforcement is key

WHAT WE DID NOT DO

Investment in infrastructure Fencing Extensive technical advice

The key is community autonomy and leadership with government

support

Setting Up

4 plots under improved management and conservation (approx. 1000 ha)

Running 4 years so end-results are modest

Major change in attitude and behaviour amongst communities

Significant support from Jordanian Ministry of Agriculture

Updating Range Land strategy

RESULTS

Biodiversity benefits: recovery of floral species

De facto IUCN Protected Area Category 5

Built on local knowledge and expertise in conservation and rangeland management

Dual development and

conservation impacts

RESULTS

RESULTS

Return of plants with medicinal values (e.g. artemesia spp.)

Return of wildlife and possible hunting concessions (e.g. partridge)

Setting Up

International Union for Conservation of Nature

Women’s unique knowledge and skills are essential for effective combating and conservation measures and policies.

Women are important agents of change as managers of natural resources

Supporting economic and income generating options for rural communities.

International Union for Conservation of Nature

BANI HASHEM HIMA BANI HASHEM HIMA SITE SITE

International Union for Conservation of Nature

Year2013 2014 2015 2016

HBH 1Grazing

HBH 1No Grazing

HBH 1Grazing

HBH 1No Grazing

HBH 2Grazing

HBH 2Grazing

HBH 2No Grazing

HBH 2Grazing

HBH 3No Grazing

HBH 3Grazing

HBH 3Grazing

HBH 3Grazing

Grazing plan 2013 - 2016 of Hima Bani Hashem range site.

BANI HASHEM HIMA BANI HASHEM HIMA SITE SITE

International Union for Conservation of Nature

BANI HASHEM HIMA BANI HASHEM HIMA SITE SITE

International Union for Conservation of Nature

BANI HASHEM HIMA BANI HASHEM HIMA SITE SITE

International Union for Conservation of Nature

The sustainability of specific NRM The sustainability of specific NRM measures are at riskmeasures are at risk when those directly

concerned in local communities are not involved and have no ownership over the

resource or the way it is used and managed.

Setting Up

POSSIBILITIES ARE ENDLESS

Setting Up

International Union for Conservation of Nature

The starting point for restoring rangelands and reviving Hima is to address social rather than technological constraints.

Reviving Hima is therefore a process rather than an action and whilst it is highly cost-effective.

A number of examples of reviving Hima exist in the Arab region, demonstrating common principles as well as local

adaptations.

Evidence shows that Hima is a way to optimise management of the rangelands to deliver economic and environmental

benefits,

Associated social benefits, and contribute to relevant international targets.

International Union for Conservation of Nature

TO MOVE FROM SCATTERED GOOD PRACTICES TOWARDS MORE

SYSTEMATIC SCALE UP OF HIMAStrengthen land stewardship and communal tenure;

Strengthen scientific and economic evidence and local knowledge to

provide systematic monitoring for quality assurance;

Create an enabling environment of policy and institutional support

and address the cross-sectoral nature of Hima;

Develop incentives and rewards for the multiple and diverse benefits

of Hima;

Build capacity and awareness in public institutions and communities,

with particular focus on the skills of participation, empowerment and

monitoring;

Build partnerships and networks for experience sharing, knowledge

and capacity building, and to maximise the trans-boundary and

international benefits of Hima;

Initiate appropriate steps for resource mobilisation.

Setting Up