Day 126: Politics of Boom and BustBaltimore Polytechnic Institute

March 18, 2013A/A.P. U.S. History

Mr. Green

Test on Friday Chapter 31, 32, 33IDs due on Friday31-60 due on Wednesday for ID check

Announcements

The students will be able to analyze the response of the Hoover administration to the Great Crash and subsequent depression that impacted the U.S. by describing the actions of the Hoover administration

Objective

Objectives: Students will:Explain and analyze America’s turn toward social conservatism and

normalcy following World War I.Describe the cultural conflicts of the 1920s over such issues as

immigration, cultural pluralism, and prohibition; and describe the rise of organized crime during the decade.

Describe the rise of Protestant Fundamentalism and its apparent defeat in the landmark Scopes Trial.

AP FocusConcerned about the success of the Bolshevik Revolution, the United

States, Britain, and other nations send troops to participate in the Russian Civil War in the hope of toppling Lenin’s communist government. Domestically, a systematic effort to suppress Bolsheviks, or reds, is launched. A political cartoon in The American Pageant (13th ed., p. 721/14th ed., p. 771) makes it abundantly clear that leftists have no place in American life.

Intolerance grows in the nation after World War I. A new and more virulent nativist strain emerges in the reborn Ku Klux Klan, which has expanded its influence across the nation.

To shrink immigration from certain areas of the world, a quota system is put in place. That and the Immigration Act of 1924 dramatically reduce eastern and southern European immigration.

Politics of Boom and Bust

CHAPTER THEMESA disillusioned America turned away from idealism and reform after World War I and toward isolationism in foreign affairs, domestic social conservatism, and the pleasures of prosperity.New technologies, mass-marketing techniques, and new forms of entertainment fostered rapid cultural change along with a focus on consumer goods. But the accompanying changes in moral values and uncertainty about the future produced cultural anxiety, as well as sharp intellectual critiques of American life.

Chapter Focus

July 1921-Joint resolution ended WWI“unofficial observers” at the League Rivalry between U.K. and U.S. over Middle EastWashington Disarmament Conference 21-22

no USSR10 year “holiday” on battleship construction5:5:3 ratio for U.S., U.K., and Japan5 power Naval Treaty

9 Power Treaty-kept Open Door wide openKellogg-Briand Pact of 1928

Return to Isolationism

Never joined the World CourtExceptions

armed intervention in Caribbean/C. AmericaDawes Plan

U.S. shifted from a debtor nation to a creditor nation during WWIU.S. should write off loans as war costsAllies caused the U.S. boom Fordney-McCumber Tariff

“they hired the money, didn’t they”

Cont’d

Great Britain, with a debt of over $4 billion owed to the U.S. Treasury, had a huge stake in proposals for inter-Allied debt cancellation, but France’s stake was even larger. Less prosperous than Britain in the 1920s and more battered by the war, which had been fought on its soil, France owed nearly $3.5 billion to the United States and additional billions to Britain.

Harmony in Europe, 1932

After the Crash, the Young Plan 1930divide out the payments over 59 years

Cont’d

Election of 1928Republicans-Herbert HooverDemocrats-Alfred E. Smith, 4-time Catholic governor of NY

Radio played a role21,391,993 to 15,016,169444 to 871st Republican in 52 years to carry a seceded

state

Hoover and the Great Depression

Agricultural Marketing Act, June 1929Federal Farm Board-cooperativesBuy up surpluses

October 29, 1929-Stock Crash5,000 banks collapsed in 1st 3 years of depressionBirthrates declined

Hawley-Smoot Tariff of 193038.5% to 60%

Cont’d

“Trickle-down philosophy”Public Works-Hoover DamReconstruction Finance Corporation

indirect relief to insurance companies, banks, agricultural organizations, railroads, state/local governments

Norris-La Guardia Anti-Injunction Actoutlawed yellow dog contracts, stopped federal courts from issuing injunctions to stop strikes, boycotts or peaceful picketing

Congress never helped Hoover and the 1930 mid-terms increased that uncooperative attitude

Bonus Army-a final straw

Hoover’s Response to the State of the Economy

Read Chapter 32Prepare for 5 question quiz on Tuesday

Homework