day 1 session 1 'rajiv awas yojana - slum free india ... awas yojana 5 the approach • for a...
TRANSCRIPT
Cities Alliance Project Output
Day 1 Session 1 'Rajiv Awas Yojana - Slum Free India Mission' by P.K.Mohanty
(Joint Secretary and Mission Director JNNURM, MoHUPA)
India International Workshop: Scaling up Upgrading and Affordable Housing: From National Policies, to State Programs,
and City-Wide Slum-Free Interventions
P120776
This project output was created with Cities Alliance grant funding.
Rajiv
Awas
Yoja
na
1
Rajiv Awas Yojana
Mission Directorate, Ministry of Housing & Urban Poverty Alleviation
Government of India
Ministry of Housing & Urban Poverty AlleviationGovernment of India, New Delhi
Slum-free India Mission
Rajiv
Awas
Yoja
na
2
“My Government proposes to introduce a RajivAwas Yojana for the slum dwellers and the urbanpoor on the lines of the Indira Awas Yojana forthe rural poor. The schemes for affordablehousing through partnership and the scheme forinterest subsidy for urban housing would bedovetailed into the Rajiv Awas Yojana whichwould extend support under JNNURM to Statesthat are willing to assign property rights topeople living in slum areas. My Government'seffort would be to create a slum free India in fiveyears through the Rajiv Awas Yojana. “
Address by President of India to Joint Session of Parliament, 04 June, 20 09
Rajiv
Awas
Yoja
na
3
“We had started the Jawaharlal Nehru NationalUrban Renewal Mission for the urban areas. Wewill accelerate this programme also. Today, lakhsof our citizen live in slums which lack basicamenities. We wish to make our country slumfree as early as possible. In the next five years,we will provide better housing facilities to slumdwellers through a new scheme, Rajiv AwasYojana”.
Prime Minister’s Address to the Nation on 15th August 2009
Rajiv
Awas
Yoja
na
4
President’s announcement gives us:
A Bold New Vision:“A Slum-free India in Five Years Time”
Clear Policy Direction for Inclusion:“Assign property rights to people living in
slum areas”
The Programme Outline“Rajiv Awas Yojana for slum dwellers
based on a whole city approach”
Rajiv Awas Yojana
Rajiv
Awas
Yoja
na
5
The Approach
• For a Slum-free India, it is not sufficient toaddress existing slums
• It is as important to tackle the basicreasons behind the creation of slums:– Urban land and housing scarcities that make the
market unaffordable, not only to the BPL– An unrealistic town planning model that does not
recognise poverty and forces more than a quarterof urban population into extra-legal vulnerability
Slum-free India Mission
Rajiv
Awas
Yoja
na
6
• For a Slum-free India, RAY has to gather:
– Multiple Partners– Institutional Funds– State Government Commitment– Close Involvement of Urban Local Body– Community Participation
and, offer enabling Central GovernmentSupport
The Approach
Rajiv
Awas
Yoja
na
7
• Size of the Problem
• Scarcity of Land at Affordable Prices
• Scarcity of Credit to the Poor in the InformalSector
• Lack of Private Sector Participation so far
• Technology for Mass Housing Construction
Aspects Important to Strategy Design
Rajiv
Awas
Yoja
na
8
The Size of the Problem• Slum Population
Estimated 62 million in 2001, not counting those in non-notified, non-recognised clusters with less than 60household
• Urban Poor PopulationAn estimated 81 million in 2004-05 – NSSO 61st Round
• Housing Shortage24.7 Million in 2007, 99% of it estimated for the poor
Aspects Important….Size
Rajiv
Awas
Yoja
na
9
Land Availability can be enhanced by
• In situ slum upgradation: PPP, Slum-dwellers Cooperative,Beneficiary-driven, Government-driven
• Creation of virtual land – Use of FSI/TDR/Incentive zoningas resource
• Encouraging affordable housing by PPP on privateholdings subject to incentives by Government
• Reservations of land/housing for EWS/LIG housing in allnew developments
Aspects Important….. Land
Rajiv
Awas
Yoja
na
10
Credit does not flow for housing the poor• Banks look for credit history and don’t give loans to
slum dwellers – even priority sector lending does not
reach them
• There are no housing microfinance institutions
• The institutional framework for social housing has
become dysfunctional
Aspects Important….Credit
Rajiv
Awas
Yoja
na
11
• State-led Action and State-led Pace
• States to Prepare their Plans of action for slumfree status – Slum-free State Plan to be basedon Slum-free City Plans
• Centre to appraise and clear• Central releases to follow enactment of
legislation assigning right to a dwelling space –to all slum dwellers
• Capacity building support by Centre.
• Centre to create enabling environment and a menuof financial support for states to choose from.
The Proposed Strategy Design
Rajiv
Awas
Yoja
na
12
(i). Upgradation of Slums as well as Measures to prevent New Slums – ‘Whole City’ Approach
(ii) Legislative Framework for Property Rights to Slum-Dwellers
(iii) Easing Credit Availability for the Urban Poor for Housing, including Interest/Capital Subsidy - Enable Demand-driven Housing
(iv) Public-Private Partnerships for Affordable Housing
(v) New Paradigm of Inclusive Planning - Reservation of Land for Housing the Poor in City Master Plans and Security of Land Tenure to Slum-Dwellers.
Rajiv Awas Yojana… Directions
Rajiv
Awas
Yoja
na
13
• The State POA in two parts –Part I• Enacting Legislation for Property Rights and Plan for
Upgrading all Existing Slums, notified or not, in aWhole City Approach
Part II• Creation of conditions to deter new slum formations
by tackling: the Price–distorting land and housingshortages; the Exclusionary town planning norms;Planning for earmarking of space for slumdwellers/urban poor
State Plans of Action for Slum-free Cities
Rajiv
Awas
Yoja
na
14
• Slum Survey, Slum MIS, GIS Mapping, GIS-enabledSlum Information System – Support to States
• Slum-free City and Slum-free State Cells with Experts• Model Legislation on Property Rights to Slum Dwellers
and Legal Framework for Slum-free Cities • Choice of Slum Redevelopment/Rehabilitation Model –
Focus on PPP where feasible; Involve NGOs/CBOs• Preparation of Slum-free City Plan based on Slum
Redevelopment / Rehabilitation & Prevention Plans• Developing an Inclusive Urban Planning Paradigm -
Amending Town Planning, Urban Development, Muniicpla, Revenue & Other Laws
• Easing Flow of Credit to the Urban Poor - Design of Housing Mortgage Guarantee Fund.
Preparatory Tasks
Rajiv
Awas
Yoja
na
15
Credit may still not flow to the EWS-Banks are fearful of loan waivers, difficulties in foreclosing mortgages ofthe poor, high costs of collection
Private sector participation may not materialise-Developers will return to HIG as soon as the market upswing starts
States may have difficulty assigning land for slumsMany slums are reservations, untenable locations, on private land andon central lands; many states have adopted auctioning of lands as apolicy
Lack of an institutional framework for social housing maydelay executionState Housing Boards mostly dysfunctional
Resistance from Slumlords/slum-dwellersThere are huge vested interests in slums
Addressing Risks