Team  114  +  2  

Wikipedia   Distributing  digital  stored  information  (computer  programs,  multi-­‐media,  etc).  

 Regular  methods  :    Removable  media  <-­‐  First  form  of  file  sharing    Computer  Networks    World  Wide  Web  (Internet)  

  File  Hosting  Services    Peer-­‐To-­‐Peer  

  1999  Napster  was  released,  shut  down  2001  July    Napster  is  a  “central  server”,  while  others  are  a  hybrid  of  P2P  and  central.  That  is  why  only  Napster  has  been  shut  down  with  a  court  case.  

Wikipedia  cont   File  sharing  is  not  illegal,  however  sharing  copyright  protected  files  without  permission  is.  

 Popularity  of  the  mp3  format  of  music  led  to  the  birth  of  Napsters  in  the  late  1990s.     Napster  was  shut  down,  but  helped  assist  more  sharing  networks.  

Music    “For  industries  ranging  from  software  to  pharmaceuticals  and  entertainment,  there  is  an  intense  debate  about  the  appropriate  level  of  protection  for  intellectual  property.”  (Oberholzer-­‐Gee,  2007)  

  “Between  2000  and  2005,  the  number  of  compact  discs  shipped  in  the  United  States  fell  by  25  percent  to  705  million  units.”  (Oberholzer-­‐Gee,  2007)    It  was  believed  that  P2P  file  sharing  was  the  culprit  

Music  cont    “A  possible  explanation  for  our  inability  to  find  a  statistically  significant  relationship  between  file  sharing  and  sales  is  that  file  sharers  and  consumers  who  purchase  music  are  in  fact  two  separate  groups.”  (Oberholzer-­‐Gee,  2007)  

 People  who  buy  physical  copies  of  CD’s  aren’t  the  same  people  who  se  file  sharing  

  “The  results  suggest  that  peer-­‐to-­‐peer  usage  reduces  the  probability  of  buying  music  by  30  percent.”  (Zantner,  2006)  

P2P  Sharing    “P2P  refers  almost  exclusively  to  computer-­‐based  systems  of  sharing  information  directly  with  others  

via  the  Internet.”  There  are  many  peer  2  peer  networks  that  are  circulating  around  the  internet,  programs  such  as  Kazaa,  Napster  and  Limewire  are  among  some  of  the  favourites.    

“A  simple  telephone  call  to  a  friend  could  be  considered  a  form  of  P2P”    Skype  is  one  of  the  most  widely  used  internet  phone  program  that  uses  Peer  2  Peer  

Peer  2  Peer  lets  you  share  anything  from  music,  videos,  photos,  etc.    This  is  very  controversial  because  of  alleged  copyright  infringements.  Users  are  able  to  download  music  and  other  files  freely,  which  would  be  considered  as  theft  to  some  people.    

Peer-­‐to-­‐Peer  Technology  (P2P).  (2002).  In  J.  A.  Malonis  (Ed.)Gale  Encyclopedia  of  E-­‐Commerce,  2(pp.  585-­‐587)  Detroit:  Gale  Retrieved  January  28,  2010,  from  Gale  Virtual  Reference  Library  via  Gale:  http://go.galegroup.com/ps/start.do?p=GVRL&u=sfu_z39  

BitTorren<ng    BitTorrent  is  a  peer-­‐to-­‐peer      file  sharing      protocol  used  for  distributing  large  amounts  of  data  .  BitTorrent  is  one  of  

the  most  common  protocols  for  transferring  large  files,  and  it  has  been  estimated  that  it  accounts  for  approximately  27-­‐55%  of  all  Internet  traffic  (depending  on  geographical  location)  as  of  February  2009.  [1]    Bittorrent  (protocol).  (2010,  Jan.  28).  In  Wikipedia,  the  free  encyclopedia.  Retrieved  January  28,  2010,  from  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BitTorrent_%28protocol%29    

Bittorrent  corporation    

“BitTorrent  is  the  global  standard  for  accessing  rich  media  over  the  internet”    “Quick,  easy  and  Free”    

  BitTorrent,  Inc  (2003,  February  03).  Bittorrent    Frontpage.  Retrieved  from  http://www.bittorrent.com  

Pirate  Bay  The  website  piratebay  claims  to  be  the  “worlds  largest  bittorrent  tracker.”  The  main  objective  is  to  be  an  open  tracker  that  

allows  people  to  download  torrent  files  and  share  information  and  many  other  digital  programs  to  other  users.  The  Pirate  Bay  claims  that  it  is  not  responsible  for  spreading  the  trackers  and  other  files  over  the  course  of  their  website.  The  site  is  free  of  charge  to  users  but  they  claim  they  have  restrictions.  

  Piratebay  (2010,  January  28).  About  us      Retrived  from  http://thepiratebay.org/about        

Bibliography    College,  G.  T.  (n.d.).  Floppy  Discs.  Retrieved  January  28th,  2010,  from  

Technology  Tips  and  Tricks:  http://cws.gtc.edu/departments/Library/Library%20Technology%20Tips%20webpage/floppy_disks.htm  

  College,  G.  T.  (n.d.).  Saving  data  to  a  CD-­‐R/CD-­‐RW  or  a  DVD-­‐R/DVD-­‐RW.  Retrieved  January  28th,  2010,  from  Technology  Tips  and  Tricks:  http://cws.gtc.edu/departments/Library/Library%20Technology%20Tips%20webpage/cd_rs.htm  

  College,  G.  T.  (n.d.).  USB  Flash  Drives.  Retrieved  January  28th,  2010,  from  Technology  Tips  and  Tricks:  http://cws.gtc.edu/departments/Library/Library%20Technology%20Tips%20webpage/flash_drive_tut.htm  

   File  Sharing.  (2010,  January  28).  In  Wikipedia,  the  free  encyclopedia.  Retrieved                January,  28,  2010,  from  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File_sharing    

Bibliography  cont    File  Sharing.  (2010,  January  28).  In  Wikipedia,  the  free  encyclopedia.  Retrieved                January,  28,  2010,  from  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File_sharing    

  Oberholzer-­‐Gee,  F.,  &  Strumpf,  K.  (2007).  The  effect  of  file  sharing  on  record  sales:  An  empirical  analysis.  Journal  of  Political  Economy,  115(1),  1-­‐42.  Retrieved  from  Business  Source  Premier  database.    

  Oberholzer-­‐Gee,  F.,  &  Strumpf,  K.  (2007).  Dynamics  of  downloads  and  album  purchases  for  a  popular  album  (by  week,  sales  in  thousands).  Graph.  Journal  of  Political  Economy,  115(1),  1-­‐42.  Retrieved  Jan  28,  2010  from  Business  Source  Premier  database.    

Bibliography  cont   Zantner,  A  (2006).  Measuring  the  effect  of  file  sharing  on  music  purchases.  The  Journal  of  Political  Economics,  49(1).  Retrieved  from  University  of  Chicago  Press  Electronic  Journals.  

 Zantner,  A  (2006).  Global  music  sales  in  millions  US$  (IFPR  2004a).  Graph.  The  Journal  of  Political  Economics,  49(1).  Retrieved  January  28,  2010  from  University  of  Chicago  Press  Electronic  Journals.