DAVID LAWRENCE

yt Timeliness of Missile Firing *

r Successful Test Is Called SignificantDevelopment for NATO Conference

Tbs bl* news yesterdaywasn't at the NATO confer-ence table In Parts. It was InFlorida where an Interconti-nental missile, launched bythe United States Air Force,got off the ground success-fully. Itlanded "In the tarietarea" somewhere in theSouth Atlantic.

This means that intercon-tinental missiles of at least5,000 miles range, capable oftraversing the oceans to tar-gets In the Soviet area, willbe In full production beforelong. The Secretary of theAir Force. James H. Doug-las. says the Intercontinentalmissile will be In operation“within two years.” Consid-ering production difficulties,this is believed to be a datefar ahead of any other coun-try.

Also, It is announced nowby Mr. Douglas that, withinone year from this date. In-termediate missiles will beavailable for use by ourEuropean allies. Such anachievement means the- res-toration of the position ofstrength of the Western al-lies, who will be able oncemore to rely on “deterrentpower.”

News of these develop-ments in the missile race didmore to boost the morale ofAmerican allies than all thespeeches that President El-senhower and members ofthe United States delegationcould possibly deliver at Paristo the representatives of thenations assembled there.

For It is action that counts—not just words.

But words out of Moscowrecently seem to have en-chanted many people In dif-ferent parts of the world.The “Sputnik "—in itself nota military accomplishment—-gave rise to the belief thatRussia was far ahead in thecontest to launch intercon-

_

tinental missiles, though noknown actual evidence wasavailable to prove this.

Since America's "van-guard” test failed, however,the gloom here and abroadwas noticeable. It caused

pessimism among the alliesat NATO and may have beenresponsible for a tendency tosupport plans for more “sum-mit” conferences and moretalkrf with the Russians.

The cold truth, however,has prevailed. The NATOconference at Paris has dis-regarded the Soviet plea formore “summit” conferences.For these are designed pri-marily as vehicles for theCommunist propaganda of“peaceful coexistence."Translated into realisticterms, this means conces-sions by the West and even-tual passive acceptance ofSoviet Imperialism and con-trol over Europe. Asia andAfrica.

The NATO conference hasdetermined instead to meetthe Soviet challenge by press-ing—through regular diplo-matic negotiations—for a dis-armament program on nu-clear weapons and by insist-ing on a plan to establish afree and unified Qermany.

This will give Moscow achance once more to proveher good faith. If she reallywishes to do so. All the dis-armament discussions in thepast have ended in failurebecause of the instransi-geance and stubbornness ofthe Russians.

What the NATO confer-ence has decided upon Is abold step. It answers theblackmail tactics of therecent Soviet letters to thegovernments of the UnitedStates and of the other mem-ber countries of the NATOalliance.

There is no doubt thatAmerica's position at NATOis related to her military aswell as her economic strength.When it seems to Europeansthat the United States Islagging behind and thatSoviet Russia is ahead in thedevelopment of new weapons,there is a tendency to pro-crastinate and to postponeany military agreementslooking toward the setting upof bases in Europe for in-termediate missiles.

Thus. It has been assumedIn some European capitals

that the United States needsthe help of the allies theremore than the Europeansneed the help of the UnitedStates. This has been derivedfrom the mistaken theorythat, until the intercontinen-tal missile is developed, theUnited States must rely onforward bases In Europe toretaliate with Intermediate-range missiles.

The fact Is that all kindsof weapons, including our bigfleet of strategic bombers, arenecessary for the commondefense. Rumors that someEuropean countries mightbargain for more economicaid from America beforegranting permission for theUnited States to use missilebases abroad do not givecredit to the good sense ofthe military men who con-stitute the staffs of the NATOcountries.

The military situation Issuch that, unless Europe hasIntermediate • missile basessoon, the Soviets will growmore arrogant In their strat-egy of penetration and willwring agreements from WestOermany and other membersof the alliance, particularlythe Scandinavian countries,and this could all add up toa substantial victory for theCommunists.

It is. therefore, news oftranscendent Importancethat a schedule of perform-ance on the intercontinentalmissiles has been disclosed tothe world. America has hadsome hard luck with hertests. But In the next twoyears there will be moreand more heard about themissiles that the UnitedStates has been developing.There seems to be more con-fidence than ever now thatsuccess Is ahead.

If America really concen-trates on the job, as It hasbegun to do. It may surprisethe world on the missilefront. For there are all kindsof missiles In the laboratorydevelopment stage. Soon,when more tests are held, weshall perhaps be hearing aparaphrase of an old slogan:“When bigger and better mis-siles are built. America willbuild them "

tß«pro4ucttoa Ruhu Rnorted >

DORIS FLEESON

Congressmen Look at DefensesDemand for Greater ResponsibilityFor Services on Missiles Expected

complained privately duringthe early years about con-fusion and contradiction,

nothing was ever admittedto Congress or the public.

This week, however. Gar-rison Norton. Assistant Sec-retary of the Navy for Air.has criticized the administra-tion's big bomb foreign policyand the Pentagon's stingyattitude toward research. Forgood measure, he complainedthat the Navy wanted to con-duct privately the Vanguardtest that fizzled but wasoverruled by Murray Snyder.Assistant Secretary of De-fense for Public Affairs

When they talk amongthemselves during this lastlull before the congressionalstorm breaks, returning Sen-ators agree that Americansare both aroused and appre-hensive. They see much sup-port tor the Johnson hear-ings; members of the For-eign Relations Committeeare promising equally un-compromising ones on a broadfront.

One resignedly suggestedthat "We are going to getourselves a reputation as thebad news Congress, but itcannot be helped; the newsis bad.”

So far. members of theSenate Preparedness subcom-mittee are more impressedwith what the services havedone in the missile and satel-lite field than with the De-fense Department hierarchythat has been erected overthem.

An attack on the defensesetup with a demand forgreater responsibility for theservices is therefore in pros-pect.

In this field. Congress maybe said to be catching up withItself. For years it has al-lowed the Secretary of De-fense to expand his opera-tions. add assistants and pre-empt service functions prac-tically at will. No seriouseffort has been made to seehow unification of the serv-ices was really working outin practice.

Even Senators who saw agreat war waged with manyfewer civilian executives thanwere being used in peace-time seemed reluctant tohinder the building of theDefense superstructure. Theirexcuse was that they also

saw immense waste in thewar and that possibly thechanged method would pro-duce greater efficiency.

Now Subcommittee Chair-man Lyndon Johnson is re-calling with nostalgia thedays when the Army Chief ofSUIT, Oen. Qeorge C. Mar-shall. came to the Hill with aconfident request for a $2billion secret fund, got it andwent back to produce theatomic bomb. Senator John-son suggests that if Con-gress were ready the day itconvened next month tohand somebody 12 billion fora long-range missile and asatellite, it wouldn't know aMarshall to whom to give it.

Other Senators agree thatwhat is needed is not a mis-sile czar so much as it laclearing the lines of author-ity at the Pentagon so thatthe tasks already set can beaccomplished quickly.

Another change perceivedin the subcommittee hear-ings is that the old mono-lithic facade of the Elsen-hower team is cracking.However much its members

THOMAS L. STOKES

Missiles and Christmas, 1957Start on Long Road to DisarmamentUrged as Decision for the Season

Missiles offer the motifthis Christmas, rather thanmistletoe.

The atmosphere is full ofthem, real ones, such as theAtlas ICBM shot at CocoaBeach. Florida. The talk lafull of them in the NATOsessions in Paris where Presi-dent Eisenhower is now,though our allies seem in nohurry about strewing themaround in Western Europe,and perhaps a hopeful sum.

Underneath the Christmastrees will be missiles for thechildren. It must be said,however, as we look over thedeadly weapons in the toycountess, that the manufac-turers have, been caughtnapping in the missile de-partment. The Sputniks cameout too late for the Christ-mas trade, with mostlymakeshifts. The moon setshad a pale, amateurish cast.

We can count, though, onthe old reliables in thearmaments line—tanks, ar-tillery. antiaircraft guns, air-planes: indeed, almost nearlyas obsolete as the ancientRemingtons with holster awhich still are ever new forthe coming generation.

It's the older generation,with their soldier suitsrather than the youngsters

who are making merrynow with real missiles, hap-py In their second child-hood. Grown men are play-ing with rockets. They arebusy with their drawingboards, their brows all fur-rowed, trying to draw a beadwith one of those big rocketsor missiles, Just the way oldDan Boone used to do it withhis trusty flintlock.

They tell us now it costs a, couple of million dollars

apiece for an ICBM, once

k

for grown men to fight eachother and kill each other inan organized mob under theguise of nations and govern-ments? It's wrong in theneighborhood gang, andyounger too. but It is all right,In an army.

Why don't we. of course.Just admit that grown menare like kids? Silly Indeed!

We are about run out ofour string, the human race.We'd better start to unravelthe tangle. Time is runningshort.

Ifwe can do nothing betterfor ourselves In this Christ-mas season than to spend ourtime and our energies tothink of making bigger mis-siles—all of us. all over theworld—then the phrase peaceand good will becomes arranthypocrisy.

Yet. strange as It Is. wecould decide. In the very nextbreath, to make an end ofhypocrisy. We could makethis season mean somethingWe could begin the long slowroad toward disarmament,and It Is a long road, Indeed.It takes good intentions, pa-tience. faith, and humility.We must have stout heart.

It's Just as easy to trans-form missiles for the benefitof science, and open vast new

I frontiers, instead of weapons.

Contract Let for PartsFor Atomic Carrier

PI'TTSBURGH, Dec. 18 </P),—The Navy yesterday awardedWestlnghouse Electric Corp. acontract for atomic reactorcomponents for the first nu-clear-powered aircraft carrier.

The contract price was set at146,080,000 for design and fur-nishing reactor compartmentcomponents for the atomic car-rier. the Navy announced. ItjIncludes Instrumentation, con-

I trols, valves and pumps.

Jk

they get rolling off the pro-duction line.

As we got to thinking aboutthe Christmas season, thereis something that bothers us.

You are required to get alicense for a gun or a pistol,so that you can't go aroundshooting off a gun and break-ing the peace.

But why is it that you don'thave to have a license for oneof these big guns, such asrockets and missiles?

Even If you suddenly wentberserk with one of thosesmall firearms you wouldn'tdo too much damage. Butyou don’t need a license forone of those big rockets ormissiles, or atom bombs orhydrogen bombs or atomicwar-heads, and you mighthappen to knock out a wholecity or wipe out a whole army—or even maybe the wholehuman race some fine day.

You can trust a citizen tocarry a gun for which he hada license. You would counthim to be a gentleman andnot to disturb the peace. Buta collection of the same sortof men who get together ina government and an army-why. they could shoot up allthey please.

Seems more like kids thangrown men.

Why don’t governmentslicense each other?

Then you take somethingthat we hear a lot about.We read about it In the news-papers and magazines—Juve-nile delinquency.

Young kids from 16 to 20who get Into trouble, badtrouble, maybe run Intogangs.

But If It Is wrong foryoungsters, who are notmature, why Is It not wrong

'ft

LOUIS —(y Horry Honan

POTOMAC FEVERFLCTCHIR KNCBIL

The Air Force fires a big Atlas tranaocean missile.Watching It, one veteran pilot said wistfully: “Thera goesan awful lot of flight pay.”

• • • •

Ike says he's homesick for military life. Oh. for thoseold Army retreats at sundown—instead of all-day retreatswith the Republicans.

• • • •

The stock market skids lower. It's hard to know whetherWall Street is afraid of Russia—or Is merely celebrating aDemocratic victory in advance.

• • • •

One teen-age hot-rodder won permission to tinker withhis car after supper. Instead of studying, by warning hisparents: "Remember, the Russians are two years ahead ofus on this!”

• • • •

A group of economists predicts a “prosperous recession"next year. Kind of catastrophic good times, huh?

• • • •

Former State Department expert Oeorge Kennan warnsagainst putting missile bases In Europe. The administrationis worried lest Europeans become Kennan fodder.

• • • •

Senator Capehart says Republican bickering Is “beatingthe brains out” of the party. Well, If your head's on the block.It might as well be a flathead.

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CONSTANTS UtgWff

Allies in Europe and Far EastOpposite Attitudes on Defense ArmsFound Among America's Friends

In the last few years theNATO burden has fallenmainly on America. Francetransferred her forces to fightin Algeria; Britain cut downher military establishment foreconomy’s sake; Oermany ful-filled less than one-third ofher commitment and theNordic states not only reduceddrastically their already smallmilitary power but becamereluctant to allow us to placedeterrent weapons on theirterritory.

The situation becamemuch worse after the launch-ing of the Sputniks and thedisclosure that we were be-hind the USSR in atomicmissiles. It seems that ourWestern European allieshave confidence and trustin America’s ability to spendbillions for their use buthave little confidence in ourability to overcome, if needbe, the might of interna-tional communism. Thus thewind of neutralism whichstarted to blow over WesternEurope soon after the Koreanarmistice has changed. It hasbecome a wind of appease-ment similar to that whichexisted in the '3os when ourEuropean friends insisted onplacating Hitler and Mus-solini. In those days wewere not directly involved.We merely opposed theirIdeologies—sometimes morethan the British and French.Now we are in the first lineof fire.

International communism—unlike fascism and naziism—regards America as enemyNo. 1 which must be broughtto its knees. The number ofchicken-hearted people athome and abroad has in-creased since the launchingof the Sputniks They cansee no harm in President

Eisenhower getting togetherwith the jovial Mr. Khru-shchev for a pow-wow.

A number of our Europeanallies—lncluding Germany—-have elearly indicated theywant to delay for as long aspossible our plan to basenuclear missiles on their ter-ritory. Ihstead, they Insistthat we approach the Krem-lin soon for another summitconference.

It is Ironical that WesternEuropean nations are politelyturning down our pleas toaccept defense weapons whileFar Eastern countries whichare dedicated to resisting in-ternational communism arereceiving none because “thereare no funds advallable.”

Korea, for Instance. Is farmore threatened by the Com-munists than any Europeannation. The Seoul govern-ment has been begging us formodern firepower for some ofIts 31 combat divisions. Wehave politely turned a deafear because of the “cost."Yet at Paris we have offeredeverything but the kitchensink to our European allies—-just as though the Atlanticwere the only line for Amer-ica's defense.

Our policy-makers regardmen such as President Syng-man Rhee as "dangerous”because he and his peopleare not afraid to fight. Theleaders of the NATO nationsIn Western Europe are“safe”; they are anxious tocompromise with interna-tional communism on almostany terms.

Our policy at present ap-pears to be to arm to theteeth the unwilling and re-fuse even conventional mod-ern hardware to those whoare ready to fight for thecommon cause.

The climate at the NATO

summit conference la defi-nitely for an affirmative an-swer to Soviet Premier Bul-ganin's cajollng-threateningletter. It was brushed off bythe United States, Britishand Oerman governmentswhen it was received lastweek as a “gross propaganda

* attempt” to confuse theParis meeting. And it wasdeclared not worthy of » re-ply. Yet within less than aweek the governments ofBritain and Oermany, to saynothing of the lesser mili-tary powers such as Norwayand Denmark, reversed them-selves and urged us to ex-plore seriously the possibili-ties contained in the 3.000-word Bulganin missive.

Within less than 48 hoursafter President Eisenhowerreached Paris the prime min-isters of the Western Euro-pean members of the grandalliance got cold feet and de-cided that the letter signedby Bulganin but ordered byNikita Khrushchev had meritsand should be extensivelyexplored through diplomaticchannels We were told thatwe had better initiate infor-mal discussions with theKremlin as soon as possible toascertain the sincerity of theSoviet appeal. Thus, the pre-dictions of informed quartersIn Washington that the sum-mit conference at Paris wouldonly lead to a summit meet-ing sometime next Januarywith the Russians (and prob-ably the Chinese) appear jus-tified. The evaluation of po-litical and military expertsthat the Western Europeannations belonging to theNATO have no intention ofliving up to the alliance isalso confirmed.

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