david h. spach, md the international aids society–usa initial evaluation and common clinical...

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David H. Spach, MD The International AIDS Society–USA Initial Evaluation and Common Clinical Manifestations DH Spach, MD. Presented at IAS–USA/RWCA Clinical Conference, August 2004.

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Page 1: David H. Spach, MD The International AIDS Society–USA Initial Evaluation and Common Clinical Manifestations DH Spach, MD. Presented at IAS–USA/RWCA Clinical

David H. Spach, MD

The International AIDS Society–USA

Initial Evaluation and Common Clinical Manifestations

DH Spach, MD.Presented at IAS–USA/RWCA Clinical Conference, August 2004.

Page 2: David H. Spach, MD The International AIDS Society–USA Initial Evaluation and Common Clinical Manifestations DH Spach, MD. Presented at IAS–USA/RWCA Clinical

Slide #2

DH Spach, MD. Presented at IAS–USA/RWCA Clinical Conference, August 2004.

Recommended Routine Serologic Tests

Toxoplasmosis

Syphilis

Hepatitis A Virus

Hepatitis B Virus

Hepatitis C Virus

Cytomegalovirus

DHS/HIV//PP

Anti-Toxoplasma IgG

VDRL or RPR

HAV total antibody

Anti-HBc, HBsAb

Anti-HCV IgG

*Anti-CMV IgG

Disease Test

*Only in persons with relatively low risk

Page 3: David H. Spach, MD The International AIDS Society–USA Initial Evaluation and Common Clinical Manifestations DH Spach, MD. Presented at IAS–USA/RWCA Clinical

Slide #3

DH Spach, MD. Presented at IAS–USA/RWCA Clinical Conference, August 2004.

Acquisition of Toxoplasma gondii

DHS/HIV/PP

Cat Feces

Undercooked Red Meat

Page 4: David H. Spach, MD The International AIDS Society–USA Initial Evaluation and Common Clinical Manifestations DH Spach, MD. Presented at IAS–USA/RWCA Clinical

Slide #4

DH Spach, MD. Presented at IAS–USA/RWCA Clinical Conference, August 2004.

ACIP: Recommended Vaccinations

Influenza Vaccine

Pneumococcal

Hepatitis A Vaccine

Hepatitis B Vaccine

Tetanus-Diphtheria

DHS/HIV/PP

Yearly

*Once & Repeat after 5 Years

0 & 6-12 months

0, 1, 6 months

Every 10 Years

Vaccine Schedule

*Optimal to vaccinate when CD4 counts highest

From: ACIP. MMW 2002;51 (40):904-8.

Page 5: David H. Spach, MD The International AIDS Society–USA Initial Evaluation and Common Clinical Manifestations DH Spach, MD. Presented at IAS–USA/RWCA Clinical

Slide #5

DH Spach, MD. Presented at IAS–USA/RWCA Clinical Conference, August 2004.

Pneumococcal Disease in HIV-Infected PersonsSummary of Data

Pneumonia: 10-fold increase in HIV-infected persons

Bacteremia: 50-100 fold increase in HIV-infected persons

Mortality: no evidence for increase in HIV-infected persons

CD4 Count: risk greatest with CD4 count less than 200 cells/mm3

Antimicrobial Prophylaxis: risk decreased with TMP-SMX or Azithromycin

DHS/HIV/PPFrom: Feikin DR et al. Lancet ID 2004;187:44-55.

Page 6: David H. Spach, MD The International AIDS Society–USA Initial Evaluation and Common Clinical Manifestations DH Spach, MD. Presented at IAS–USA/RWCA Clinical

Slide #6

DH Spach, MD. Presented at IAS–USA/RWCA Clinical Conference, August 2004.

Vaccines Related to TravelAdvice for HIV-Infected Persons

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. General Information Regarding HIV and Travel.

www.cdc.gov/travel/hivtrav.htm

DHS/HIV/PP

Page 7: David H. Spach, MD The International AIDS Society–USA Initial Evaluation and Common Clinical Manifestations DH Spach, MD. Presented at IAS–USA/RWCA Clinical

Slide #7

DH Spach, MD. Presented at IAS–USA/RWCA Clinical Conference, August 2004.

Vaccinations in HIV-Infected AdultsKey Points

Give as early as possible (high CD4 count)

No significant impact on CD4 count or HIV RNA levels

Avoid most live vaccines

Get expert advice regarding travel-related vaccines

DHS/HIV/PP

Page 8: David H. Spach, MD The International AIDS Society–USA Initial Evaluation and Common Clinical Manifestations DH Spach, MD. Presented at IAS–USA/RWCA Clinical

Slide #8

DH Spach, MD. Presented at IAS–USA/RWCA Clinical Conference, August 2004.DHS/HIV/PP

Oral CandidiasisClinical Types

Erythematous Pseudomembranous Angular Cheilitis

Page 9: David H. Spach, MD The International AIDS Society–USA Initial Evaluation and Common Clinical Manifestations DH Spach, MD. Presented at IAS–USA/RWCA Clinical

Slide #9

DH Spach, MD. Presented at IAS–USA/RWCA Clinical Conference, August 2004.

Oropharyngeal CandidiasisTreatment Options

Topical Therapy- Clotrimazole troches: 10 mg 5x/d x 7-10d- Nystatin pastilles: 1-2 pastilles 5x/d x 7-10d

Systemic Therapy (Oral)- Fluconazole: 100 mg qd x 7-10d- Itraconazole solution: 200 mg qd x 7-10d- Ketoconazole: 200 mg qd x 7-10d

DHS/HIV/PP

Page 10: David H. Spach, MD The International AIDS Society–USA Initial Evaluation and Common Clinical Manifestations DH Spach, MD. Presented at IAS–USA/RWCA Clinical

Slide #10

DH Spach, MD. Presented at IAS–USA/RWCA Clinical Conference, August 2004.

Oropharyngeal CandidiasisSuggested Guidelines for Therapy

Indications for Topical Agents- No esophageal involvement- CD4 count greater than 50 cells/mm3

- Receiving or expect to receive HAART

Indications for Systemic Agents- Esophageal involvement- CD4 count less than 50 cells/mm3

- NOT receiving or expecting to receive HAART

Chronic Suppressive Therapy - NOT recommended

DHS/HIV/PPFrom: Powderly WG et al. AIDS Research & Human Retroviruses. 1999;15:1619-23.

Page 11: David H. Spach, MD The International AIDS Society–USA Initial Evaluation and Common Clinical Manifestations DH Spach, MD. Presented at IAS–USA/RWCA Clinical

Slide #11

DH Spach, MD. Presented at IAS–USA/RWCA Clinical Conference, August 2004.

Fluconazole-Resistant Oropharyngeal CandidiasisTreatment Options

Topical Therapy- Amphotericin B solution: 5 ml (100 mg/ml) qid x 7-10d

Systemic Therapy- Amphotericin B: 0.3 mg/kg IV qd x 7-10d- Caspofungin: 50 mg/kg* IV qd x 7-10d- Itraconazole solution: 100 mg bid x 7-10d - Fluconazole: 800 mg PO/IV qd x 7-10d- Voriconazole: 200 mg PO/IV bid x 7-10d

DHS/HIV/PP

* Use 70 mg/kg IV qd for the first dose

Page 12: David H. Spach, MD The International AIDS Society–USA Initial Evaluation and Common Clinical Manifestations DH Spach, MD. Presented at IAS–USA/RWCA Clinical

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DH Spach, MD. Presented at IAS–USA/RWCA Clinical Conference, August 2004.DHS/ HIV/PP

Aphthous LesionsClinical Types

Minor (Lip) Minor (Tongue) Major

Page 13: David H. Spach, MD The International AIDS Society–USA Initial Evaluation and Common Clinical Manifestations DH Spach, MD. Presented at IAS–USA/RWCA Clinical

Slide #13

DH Spach, MD. Presented at IAS–USA/RWCA Clinical Conference, August 2004.

Oral Aphthous LesionsTreatment Options

Topical Therapy- Topical Corticosteroids

Intralesional - Triamcinolone: 40 mg /ml (0.5 ml-1.0 ml injected bid)

Systemic Therapy- Prednisone: 0.5-1.0 mg/kg qd x 7-10d, then taper- Thalidomide: 200 mg PO qd

DHS/HIV/PP

Page 14: David H. Spach, MD The International AIDS Society–USA Initial Evaluation and Common Clinical Manifestations DH Spach, MD. Presented at IAS–USA/RWCA Clinical

Slide #14

DH Spach, MD. Presented at IAS–USA/RWCA Clinical Conference, August 2004.DHS/HIV/PP

Herpes Simplex Virus InfectionChronic Ulcerative Lesions Types

Ear Face Scrotum

Page 15: David H. Spach, MD The International AIDS Society–USA Initial Evaluation and Common Clinical Manifestations DH Spach, MD. Presented at IAS–USA/RWCA Clinical

Slide #15

DH Spach, MD. Presented at IAS–USA/RWCA Clinical Conference, August 2004.

Cutaneous HSV InfectionsTreatment Options

Recurrent HSV- Acyclovir: 400 mg PO tid x 5-10d*- Valacyclovir: 500 mg PO bid x 5-10d*- Famciclovir: 500 mg PO bid x 5-10d*

Suppressive Therapy- Acyclovir: 400-800 mg PO bid- Valacyclovir: 500 mg PO bid- Famciclovir: 250-500 mg PO bid

DHS/HIV/PP

*Longer courses typically needed for chronic ulcerative herpes simplex