David Elsaesser Piacenza 2008: Landau, Poland, Norway

Landau, Poland, Norway

field work, experiments

Task D

Piacenza 2008: Landau, Poland, Norway-2-

Poland, Szczecin

4 ditches 10 Sampling Stations

Application on corn: 28.05.2007•Mesotrione (H)•Nicosulfuron (H)•Atrazine (H)

Application on wheat:25.04.2007•Fenpropimorph (F)•Prochloraz (F)28.05.2007•Propiconazole (F)•Fenpropidin (F)

samples:28.05, 30.05, 07.06, 10.06,

12.06

Piacenza 2008: Landau, Poland, Norway-3-

Norway, Lierdammen

July, August 2008:

-Experiment with Common pesticides

-Preparation started

Piacenza 2008: Landau, Poland, Norway-4-

Monitoring Landau: Substances 2007Analysis:10 Fungicides 2 Herbicides and 4 Insectizides

Detection:All Substances except two Insecticides were detected

Piacenza 2008: Landau, Poland, Norway-5-

Monitoring Landau: Substances 2007Analysis:10 Fungicides 2 Herbicides and 4 Insectizides

Detection:All Substances except two Insecticides were detected

Concentrations:mean total in stream Concentration (runoff events): 1205 µg/l

TU=C/EC50

Piacenza 2008: Landau, Poland, Norway-6-

Monitoring: Toxicity

TU=∑(CSubstance/EC50Substance)

Lieselgraben 20.07.2007TUAlgae_max =7.28

Kropsbach: 31.07.2007TUDaphnia_max =7.13

Piacenza 2008: Landau, Poland, Norway-7-

Hainbach Tebuconazole

Piacenza 2008: Landau, Poland, Norway-8-

Kropsbach 2007: Retention

Piacenza 2008: Landau, Poland, Norway-9-

Outlook 2008

Field Jul - Sept: Experiments Jul - Nov:

Krottenbach (VD, DP) Lier (EW)

Hainbach (VD, DP) Landau (ED)

Kropsbach (DP)

Methods:Samples: Water, Suspended Sediments, Plants, ground

Sediments

Measurement of oxygene, pH, conductivity, N and P

Discharge: Water level loggers

Leaf decomposition bioassays (VD, DP)

Mapping of runoff and drainage entries (VD)

Piacenza 2008: Landau, Poland, Norway-10-

David Elsaesser Piacenza 2008, Task H

Task H

APPLICATION: SIMULATION AT

EU-LEVEL

Piacenza 2008, Task H-12-

synopsis

Objective: The application of the prototype mitigation techniques to selected regions in the EU will be simulated in order to assess the mitigation potential as well as the financial implications Models

Steps: 1. definition of reference areas ArtWET sites

2. selection of a suitable model REXTOX ?

3. simulation at reference areas Exposure at point, mitigation

runoff only

available local geodata / free EU geodata

4. simulation at EU-scale existing risk maps (footprint…?)

free EU-geodata

5. estimation of application costs and environmental impact

Piacenza 2008, Task H-13-

Input

• Geodata• SRTM Elevation • CORINE Landcover • EUjrc Octop, soil texture• Precipitation• CCM2 waterbodies, watersheds, points

• Pesticide data• Footprint PPDB

Piacenza 2008, Task H-14-

SRTM

Piacenza 2008, Task H-15-

CCM2

Piacenza 2008, Task H-16-

CORINE

Piacenza 2008, Task H-17-

OCTop

Piacenza 2008, Task H-18-

Soil texture

Piacenza 2008, Task H-19-

 Model (modified Reus et al., 1999)

Outtake per Hektar Pc (g/ha) 10x10m Cellsize:

Pc = (Q/P) * e (- 3 * ln (2) / DT50soil )*(1/(1+(KOC * %OC/100))) * (1 – I/100) * f 1slope * f 2bufferzone * Pa*1000

Q: Runoff amount (Lutz 1984 und Maniak1992)P: Precipitation [mm]DT50soil halflife soil KOC : partition coefficient in the organic fraction of the soilOC: Organic Carbon in topsoil [%]I: Plant interceptionf 1slope : factor of slopef 2bufferzone: widh of vegetated bufferzonePa: Application amount in [g/ha]

REXTOX Model

Piacenza 2008, Task H-20-

Model part 2

Calculation of the In stream concentration at the sampling point

T = (DH /Vrunoff)/60DH: Hydrological distance [m] of each cell to the sampling point Vrunoff:flow velocity [m/s] T: flowtime from cell output to sampling point as Integer [minutes]

MT = Sum of the Mcell with the same T IntegerMT: output mass of the cells with the same arrival minute [g] Mcell: absolute mass per cell [g]

CT = MT /QstreamCT: In stream concentration of TimestepQstream: Peak stream flow during rain event [l/minute]

The highest CT value describes the peak concentration at T minutes after begin of the Runoff event

Piacenza 2008, Task H-21-

Hainbach simulation: study areaHainbach

Spring in the palatinean forest

Catchment of detention ponds : appr. 585 ha

76 ha intensive winegrowing

25 major runoff and drainage entries from vineyards

Sampling stations upstream and downstream of three consecutive flow through vegetated detention ponds

Piacenza 2008, Task H-22-

Runoff Events with Precipitation > 10 mm/m²

Focus Substance: Tebuconazole- present in all water and sediment samples (Cmax =326 µg/l)- highest average concentration in both years (Cav=136.7 µg/l)- Average retention = 56%

Hainbach Monitoring: Tebuconazole

Piacenza 2008, Task H-23-

Hainbach simulation: Step 1

Piacenza 2008, Task H-24-

Hainbach simulation: Step 2

Rain event of 19 mm/m²

three days after Application

Application rate of 300 g/ha Tebuconazole

Simulated Peak at the Sampling station

35 minutes after begin of the rain event

Cmax 275 µg/l Tebuconazole

Piacenza 2008, Task H-25-

Hainbach Synopsis

In Stream Concentrations show considerable pollution of the monitored surface waterbodies with acute toxic effects to aquatic organisms

Daphnia EC50: 7.13 TUmax Algae EC50: 7.28 Tumax

mean total in stream Concentration (runoff events): 1205 µg/l

Wetlands have a potential to mitigate agricultural nonpoint-source pollution entering surface waters via spray drift or runoff

First results show feasibility of GIS based Runoff Simulation with widely available Geodata:

Measured: Cav = 137 µg/l Tebuconazole

Cmax = 326 µg/l Tebuconazole

Simulated: Cmax = 275 µg/l Tebuconazole

Piacenza 2008, Task H-26-

At issue…

Simulation at EU level

Own simulation existing Risk maps

Runoff runoff, drainage, Spray drift

Good resolution coarse resolution

Best recent geodata

Regional Climate not included

Combined approach:

- Identification of Areas with high risk from existing risk maps

- Exposure Simulation of those areas with best recent geodata (GIS)

- Simulation of Mitigation (GIS)

- Upscaling estimation of application costs and environmental impact