dave brubeck: jazz for human rights -...

Dave Brubeck:

Jazz for Human Rights

Hannah Tsay

Junior Division

Individual Website

Primary Sources

1921: Dave Brubeck, One-year-old with Mother. 1921. Photograph. Brubeck Collection,

Stockton.

This is a photograph of Dave Brubeck at one year old with his mother, in 1921. I used

this photograph in the "Childhood" section of my website.

1924: Dave Brubeck. 1924. Photograph. Brubeck Collection, Stockton.

This is a photograph of Dave Brubeck in 1924, when he was four years old. I used this on

the "Childhood" section of my website.

1927: Dave and Howard Brubeck. 1927. Photograph. Brubeck Collection, Stockton.

This is a photograph of Dave Brubeck and his brother, Howard Brubeck, in 1927. I used

this on the "Childhood" section of my website.

1931: Dave Brubeck with Friends. Concord, California. 1931. Photograph. Brubeck

Collection, Stockton.

This is a photograph of Dave Brubeck with his friends in Concord, California, in 1931. I

used this on the "Childhood" section of my website.

1932: Dave Brubeck on Horseback. 1932. Photograph. Brubeck Collection, Stockton.

This is a photograph of Dave Brubeck on horseback in 1932. I used this on the

"Childhood" section of my website.

1933: Dave Brubeck with Guitar. Ione, California. 1932. Photograph. Brubeck


This is a photograph of Dave Brubeck with his guitar in Ione, California, in 1933. I used

this on the "Childhood" section of my website.

1936: Henry, Dave, and Howard Brubeck in Front of Henry's Chevrolet. Ione, California.

1936. Photograph. Brubeck Collection, Stockton.

This is a photograph of the Brubeck brothers in front of Henry Brubeck's Chevrolet in

1936. I used this on the "Childhood" section of my website.

1938: Dave Brubeck at Family Ranch near Ione, California. 1938. Photograph. Brubeck


This is a photograph of Dave Brubeck at their family ranch near Ione, California, in 1938.

I used this on the "Childhood" section of my website.

1940s: Dave Brubeck's Parents, "Pete" and "Bessie" Brubeck. 1940s. Photograph.

Brubeck Collection, Stockton.

This is a photograph of Pete and Elizabeth Brubeck, Dave Brubeck's parents, in the 1940s.


1940s: Howard "Pete" Brubeck. 1940s. Brubeck Collection, Stockton.

This is a photograph of Dave Brubeck's father, Howard Brubeck, on his ranch. I used this

on the "Childhood" page of my website.

1940s: Howard "Pete" Brubeck with Cowhands. 1940s. Brubeck Collection, Stockton.

This is a photograph of Dave Brubeck's father with his cowhands. I used this on the

"Childhood" page of my website.

1942: Camp Haan Orchestra. 1942. Brubeck Collection, Stockton.

This is a photograph of the Camp Haan orchestra in 1942. Dave Brubeck was enlisted in

the Army at that time and was stationed at Camp Haan. I used this on the "World

War II" page of my website.

1942: Iola Brubeck. 1942. Brubeck Collection, Stockton.

This is a photograph of Iola Brubeck in 1942, who married Dave Brubeck that year. I

used this on the "Childhood" page of my website.

1942: Iola (Whitlock) and Dave Brubeck. 1942. Photograph. Brubeck Collection,

Stockton.

This is a photograph of Iola Whitlock and Dave Brubeck in 1942, who married that year.


1944: Dave Brubeck in Army. Camp Haan, Riverside CA. 1944. Photograph. Brubeck


This is a photograph of Dave Brubeck in the Army, at Camp Haan in 1944. I used this on

the "World War II" section of my website.

1945: Dave Brubeck in Germany. 1945. Brubeck Collection, Stockton.

This is a photograph of Dave Brubeck in Germany in 1945. I used this on the "Legacy"

page of my website.

1945: Dave Brubeck Performing with the Wolf Pack. 1945. Photograph. Brubeck


This is a photograph of Dave Brubeck performing with the Wolf Pack in 1945. The Wolf

Pack performed for the U.S. Army during World War II. I used this on the "World

War II" section of my website.

1945: Wolf Pack. 1945. Photograph. Brubeck Collection, Stockton.

This is a photograph of the Wolf Pack performing for the army in 1945. I used this on the

"World War II" section of my website.

1946: Bill Smith (clarinet), Jack Weeks (trombone), Darius Milhaud, Dave Brubeck

(piano), Dick Collins (trumpet). 1946. Photograph. Brubeck Collection, Stockton.

This is a photograph of Bill Smith, Jack Weeks, Darius Milhaud, Dave Brubeck, and

Dick Collins. I used this photograph on the "Music" section of my website.

1947: The Three D's. Don Ratto, Frances Lynn, Darrell Cutler,and Dave Brubeck. 1947.

Photograph. Brubeck Collection, Stockton.

This is a photograph of "The Three Ds." Don Ratto, Frances Lynn, Darrell Cutler, and

Dave Brubeck are pictured. I used this on the "Music" section of my website.

1948: Dave Brubeck at the Band Box. Palo Alto, California. 1948. Photograph. Brubeck


This is a photograph of Dave Brubeck performing at the Band Box in 1948. I used this on

the "Music" section of my website.

1950: Cal Tjader, Ron Crotty, and Dave Brubeck. 1950. Photograph. Brubeck Collection,

Stockton.

This is a photograph of Cal Tjader, Ron Crotty, and Dave Brubeck in 1950. This formed

the Dave Brubeck Trio. I used this on the "Music" section of my website.

1950s: Dave Brubeck. 1950s. Photograph. Brubeck Collection, Stockton.

This is a photograph of Dave Brubeck in the 1950s. I used this on the "Music" section of

my website.

1950s: Dave Brubeck and Duke Ellington. 1950s. Photograph. Brubeck Collection,

Stockton.

This is a photograph of Dave Brubeck and Duke Ellington in the 1950s. I used this on the

"Music" section of my website.


This is a photograph of Dave Brubeck in the 1950s. I used it on the "Music" section of

my website.

1950s: Joe Morello, Eugene Wright, Dave Brubeck, and Paul Desmond. 1950s.


This is a photograph of Joe Morello, Eugene Wright, Dave Brubeck, and Paul Desmond.

They made up the Dave Brubeck Classic Quartet. I used this on the "Classic

Quartet" section of my website.

1952: Dave Brubeck Quartet. Paul Desmond, Dave Brubeck, Lloyd Davis, and Ron

Crotty. 1952. Photograph. Brubeck Collection, Stockton.

This is a photograph of one of the various Dave Brubeck Quartets. It featured Paul

Desmond, Dave Brubeck, Lloyd Davis, and Ron Crotty. I used this on the

"Various Quartets" page of my website.

1953: Jazz Goes to the College of the Pacific. 1953. Photograph. Brubeck Collection,

Stockton.

This is the Dave Brubeck Quartet's album cover of "Jazz at the College of the Pacific." I

used it in the “Music” section of my website.

1954: Dave Brubeck on the Cover of TIME Magazine. 1954. Photograph. Brubeck


This is a photograph of Dave Brubeck, on the cover of TIME magazine on August 11,

1954. I used this on the home page and "Music" page on my website.

1954: Joe Dodge, Bob Bates, Dave Brubeck, and Paul Desmond at Birdland, New York

City. 1954. Photograph. Brubeck Collection, Stockton.

This is a photograph of Joe Dodge, Bob Bates, Dave Brubeck, and Paul Desmond, the

first Dave Brubeck Quartet. I used this on the "Music" page of my website as well

as the "Various Quartets" page.

1954: Paul Desmond and Dave Brubeck. 1954. Photograph. Brubeck Collection,

Stockton.

This is a photograph of Paul Desmond and Dave Brubeck performing in 1954. I used this

on the "Music" section of my website.

1958: Dave Brubeck Quartet. Hyderabad, India. 1958. Photograph. Brubeck Collection,

Stockton.

This is a photograph of the Dave Brubeck Quartet in Hyderabad, India, on their 1958

Cold War diplomacy tour. I used this on the "Personal Responsibilities" page of

my website to show one of the many things Brubeck has done for the world,

through music.

1958: Joe Morello, Dave Brubeck, and Eugene Wright. Baghdad, Iraq. 1958. Photograph.


This is a photograph of the Dave Brubeck Classic Quartet arriving in Baghdad, Iraq, to

perform on the 1958 Cold War Diplomacy tour. I used this on the "Cold War"

page of my website to show the various places he visited while on the tour.

1958: Paul Desmond, Ellie Morello, Joe Morello, Eugene Wright, and Dave Brubeck.

India. 1958. Photograph. Brubeck Collection, Stockton.

This is a photograph of The Dave Brubeck Classic Quartet along with Joe Morello's wife,

arriving in India for the 1958 Cold War diplomacy tour. I used this on the "Cold

War Tour" page of my website.

1958: Paul Desmond, Joe Benjamin, Dave Brubeck, and Joe Morello. 1958. Photograph.


This is a photograph of one of the Dave Brubeck Quartets in 1958. It featured Paul

Desmond, Joe Benjamin, Dave Brubeck, and Joe Morello. I used this on the


"1959 DownBeat Readers Poll." DownBeat Magazine. Maher Publications, 31 Dec. 1959.

Web. 17 Mar. 2014.

This source provided me with the 1959 DownBeat Readers Poll. That year, The Dave

Brubeck Quartet had released their hit album "Time Out," which became very

popular for its unusual time signatures and foreign rhythms. 1959 was the first

year The Dave Brubeck Quartet had won the DownBeat Readers Poll, for best

combo-instrumental. This poll showed me what a success "Time Out" became.

1959: Paul Desmond, Dave Brubeck, Joe Morello, and Eugene Wright. 1959. Photograph.


This is a photograph of The Dave Brubeck Quartet in 1959. I used this on the "Classic

Quartet" page of my website.

1959: Take Five Record. 1959. Photograph. Brubeck Collection, Stockton.

This is a photograph of the Take Five record in 1959. This song, written by Paul

Desmond, widely edited by Dave Brubeck, and performed by The Dave Brubeck

Quartet, is one of their most popular songs. I used this on the "Classic Quartet"

page of my website.

1959: Time Out. 1959. Photograph. Brubeck Collection, Stockton.

This is a photograph of The Dave Brubeck Quartet's 1959 album "Time Out," which was

their most popular album. I used this on the "Classic Quartet" page of my website.

1959: Time Out Session: Paul Desmond, Joe Morello, Eugene Wright, and Dave Brubeck.


This is a photograph of The Dave Brubeck Quartet rehearsing "Time Out." I used this on

the "Classic Quartet" page of my website.

1959: Time Out Session: Teo Macero, Joe Morello, Paul Desmond, Dave Brubeck and

Eugene Wright. 1959. Photograph. Brubeck Collection, Stockton.

This is a photograph of The Dave Brubeck Quartet and Teo Macero rehearsing "Time

Out." I used this on the "Classic Quartet" page of my website.

1960: Dave Brubeck, Paul Desmond, Joe Morello, and Eugene Wright. New Zealand.


This is a photograph of The Classic Dave Brubeck Quartet in New Zealand in 1960. I

used this on the "Cold War Tour" page of my website.

1961: Eugene Wright, Dave Brubeck, Joe Morello, and Paul Desmond with KLM

Stewardesses. Amsterdam. 1961. Photograph. Brubeck Collection, Stockton.

This is a photograph of The Dave Brubeck Classic Quartet with KLM stewardesses in

Amsterdam. I used this on the "Cold War Tour" page of my website.

1962 Monterey Jazz Festival Program Pages ConcerningTthe Real Ambassadors.

Program notes. Fifth Annual Monterey Jazz Festival: 1962. Monterey, California.

1962.

This is the 1962 Monterey Jazz Festival program concerning “The Real Ambassadors.” It

provided me with excellent primary source information regarding “The Real

Ambassadors” and the impact Dave Brubeck’s Classic Quartet had on the world.

It also gave me an idea of people’s reactions towards Dave Brubeck’s Classic

Quartet. I used this on the “The Real Ambassadors” page of my website.

1964: Dave Brubeck, Eugene Wright, Paul Desmond, and Joe Morello. Germany. 1964.


This is a photograph of The Dave Brubeck Classic Quartet on the 1958 Cold War

diplomacy tour in Germany. I used this on the banner of my website and on the

“Cold War Tour” page of my website.

1968: Dave Brubeck with Symphony. 1968. Brubeck Collection, Stockton.

This is a photograph of Dave Brubeck with a symphony in 1968. I used this on the

"Legacy" page of my website to illustrate Dave Brubeck's life-long responsibility

to fight for artistic rights.

1987: Dave Brubeck and Pope John Paul II. 1987. Brubeck Collection, Stockton.

This is a photograph of Dave Brubeck performing for Pope John Paul II in 1987. I used

this on the "Legacy" page of my website to show the impact Brubeck has made on

society.

1987: Dave Brubeck. Moscow. 1987. Photograph. Brubeck Collection, Stockton.

This is a photograph of Dave Brubeck performing in Moscow, Russia, in 1987. I used

this on the "Reagan-Gorbachev Summit" page of my website.

1987: Poster from the Dave Brubeck Quartet Soviet Union Tour. 1987. Photograph.


This is a 1987 poster from The Dave Brubeck Quartet's Soviet Union tour. I used this on

the "Reagan-Gorbachev Summit" page of my website to show how Dave

Brubeck's music helped create peace between the United States and Russia.

1987: Randy Jones, Chris Brubeck, Dave Brubeck, and Bill Smith Soviet Union Tour.

1987. Brubeck Collection, Stockton.

This is a photograph of The Dave Brubeck Quartet on the Soviet Union tour in 1987. I

used this on the "Legacy" page of my website.

1990: Princess Diana, Prince Charles, Iola and Dave Brubeck, Russell Gloyd, Stephane

Grappelii. 1990. Photograph. Brubeck Collection, Stockton.

This is a photograph of Iola and Dave Brubeck, Russell Gloyd, Stephane Grappelii, and

British royalty Princess Diana and Prince Charles. I used this to show Dave

Brubeck’s popularity around the world.


This is a photograph of Dave Brubeck in the 1990s. I used this on the "Personal

Responsibilities" page of my website.

1991: Russell Gloyd and Dave Brubeck with London Symphony Orchestra. Daytona

Beach, Florida. 1991. Photograph. Brubeck Collection, Stockton.

This is a photograph of Russell Gloyd conducting, and Dave Brubeck performing with

the London Symphony Orchestra in 1991. I used this on the "Personal

Responsibilities" page of my website.

1994: Bill Clinton, Iola and Dave Brubeck. National Endowment for the Arts. 1994.


This is a photograph of Bill Clinton with Iola and Dave Brubeck in 1994. I used this to

show the impact that Dave Brubeck has had on the world.

2000: Iola and Dave Brubeck and Russell Gloyd. Dave's 80th Birthday Party. 2000.


This is a photograph of Iola and Dave Brubeck, and Russell Gloyd at Dave Brubeck's

80th birthday party. I used this on the "Personal Responsibilities" page of my

website.

Abbott, Waring. 1976: 25th Anniversary Reunion Tour: Dave Brubeck and Paul

Desmond. 1976. Photograph. Brubeck Collection, Stockton.

This is a photograph of Dave Brubeck's 25th anniversary reunion tour in 1976. I used this

on the "Personal Responsibilities" page of my website.

Aaron, Richard E. Brubeck Playing in Central Park, New York. Photograph.

Redferns Collection.

This is a photograph of Brubeck playing in Central Park, New York.

Alberto Mizrahi. The Gates of Justice Recording Session, Goucher College. Baltimore,

Maryland. 1969. Milken Archive, Santa Monica.

This is a photograph of Alberto Mizrahi, a Jewish tenor, singing in The Gates of Justice

recording. I used this on "The Gates of Justice" page of my website.

Alberto Mizrahi. The Gates of Justice Recording Session, Goucher College. Baltimore,


This is a photograph of Alberto Mizrahi, a Jewish tenor, during The Gates of Justice

recording session. I used this on "The Gates of Justice" page of my website to

show the different cultures of the two singers in The Gates of Justice.

Andree, Donovan. Ceylon: Concert program from Green House in Colombo. Program

notes. Dave Brubeck Quartet at the Green House Victoria Park. Green House

Victoria Park, Ceylon. 1958.

This is the program from the Dave Brubeck Quartet’s concert at the Green House

Victoria Park. It was an excellent primary source as it provided me with much

information on the reaction to the Dave Brubeck Quartet in Europe and Asia. I

used this on my website on the “Cold War” page of my website.

Armstrong, Louis. "They Say I Look Like God." By Dave Brubeck. Rec. 1961. Columbia

Records, 1962. MP3.

"They Say I Look Like God" is a song from "The Real Ambassadors." Louis Armstrong

sings, "They say I look like God- could God be black? My God." This talks about

the racial injustice that African-Americans suffered during the civil rights

movement. I used this on the "The Real Ambassadors" page of my website.

Baltimore Choral Arts Society Choir. The Gates of Justice Recording Session, Goucher

College. Baltimore, Maryland. 1969. Milken Archive, Santa Monica.

This is a photograph of the Baltimore Choral Arts Society Choir during The Gates of

Justice recording in 1969. I used this on "The Gates of Justice" page of my

website.

Brubeck, Chris. E-mail interview. 17 Dec. 2013.

This interview with Chris Brubeck, one of Dave Brubeck's sons, proved to be one of my

most valuable sources in this project. He always looked up to his father not only

as his father, but also as a mentor, collaborator, and composer. Chris Brubeck

discussed how many of his religious works were written after World War II to

remind people to always "love your enemies." His father came from a very

modest family, from helping his father in the ranch to becoming a renowned

composer, playing for many presidents. Chris Brubeck also discussed how his

father was a disciplined and hardworking person, which shows in his music. This

interview provided me with an abundance of information for all of the subtopics

on my website.

Brubeck, Chris. "My Mentor, My Collaborator, My Father: Dave

Brubeck." NewMusicBox. NewMusicBox, 19 Dec. 2012. Web. 2 Feb. 2014.

<http://www.newmusicbox.org/articles/my-mentor-my-collaborator-my-father-

dave-brubeck/>.

This was a very moving article written by Chris Brubeck, one of Dave Brubeck's sons,

after Dave's death. It talked about several personal connections between Chris and

Dave, and how they were not just father and son, but also musical collaborators.

Chris Brubeck discusses how even though Dave Brubeck became very well-

known and popular around the world, he always stayed humble and continued to

work hard.

Brubeck, Dave. "Blue Rondo a La Turk." Rec. 1959. Time Out. Dave Brubeck Quartet.

Columbia, n.d. MP3.

This song, Blue Rondo a la Turk, appeared on Brubeck's album Time Out, and was

written in 9/8. Most jazz pieces were written in 4/4 in that time.

Brubeck, Dave. "The Duke." Rec. Oct.-Nov. 1979. Jazz: Red, Hot, and Cool. Dave

Brubeck Quartet. Columbia, 1980. MP3.

This song was a tribute from Dave Brubeck to his close friend, Duke Ellington. I used

this song on my website.

Brubeck, Dave. "The Ultimate Victory of Faith, Hope and Love." NPR. NPR, 13 June

2005. Web. 3 Oct. 2013.

This is an essay written by Dave Brubeck titled "The Ultimate Victory of Faith, Hope and

Love." It provided me excellent information on Brubeck's beliefs about the key to

ending wars. He believes faith is the most important factor in creating peace

throughout the world; and ending war for good. When interviewed by a Russian

commentator, Brubeck said to have peace, everyone needs to "understand our

own religious and cultural traditions, and then open our minds to others, seeking

and acknowledging our common roots."

Brubeck in 1951. 1951. Photograph. Cinetext/Allstar.

This is a photograph of Brubeck in 1951. I used this photograph on the homepage of my

website.

Brubeck, Iola. "World Take a Holiday: Story Synopsis."

This document provided me with the original "The Real Ambassadors" (at first "World

Take a Holiday") story synopsis, written by Iola Brubeck, Dave Brubeck's wife. It

talks about how if musicians ran the world instead of politicians; the world would

be in much better hands. This was valuable in providing me with primary source

information on The Real Ambassadors.

"Brubeck, Jazz Musician Is Here." Ceylon Observer [Ceylon] 15 Apr. 1958. Print.

This newspaper article written by the Ceylon Observer in 1958, during Dave Brubeck's

Cold War diplomacy tour, reflected the joy that his music has spread for the world.

It discussed how Brubeck would use musical ideas from his tour once he returned

to the United States. This provided me with a first-person point of view of Dave

Brubeck's Cold War performances.

Brubeck Plays the Piano during the California Hall of Fame Induction Ceremony

Reception in Sacramento, California, in 2008. 2008. Photograph. The California

Museum.

This is a photograph of Brubeck playing the piano during the California Hall of Fame

induction ceremony reception in Sacramento, California, in 2008.

CBS Gramofoonplatten. 1966: Dave Brubeck, Willie "The Lion" Smith, and Hemmy

Wapperum (Dutch Jazz Critic) Schophol, Netherlands. 1966. Brubeck Collection,

Stockton.

This is a photograph of Dave Brubeck, Willie Smith, an African-American musician, and

a Dutch jazz critic in Netherlands, in 1966. I used this on the "Legacy" page of

my website to show how Brubeck was a cultural diplomat.

"Celebrating The Life Of Jazz Pianist Dave Brubeck." Interview by Terry Gross. WRTI.

WRTI, 7 Dec. 2012. Web. 19 Sept. 2013.

This interview by Fresh Air's Terry Gross in 1999 talked about Brubeck's childhood. He

grew up on a ranch in California with his father- a cattle rancher, his mother- a

piano teacher, and two brothers. Brubeck discussed his inspiration for becoming a

jazz musician- being in World War II.

Ceylon: Ambassador and Mrs. Gluck, Dave Brubeck, and Henry Smith in Colombo. 1958.


This is a photograph of an ambassador and Mr. Gluck, Henry Smith, and Dave Brubeck

in Colombo, on the Cold War diplomacy tour in 1958. I used this on the "Cold

War" page of my website.

Ceylon: Brubeck Quartet at the Green House in Colombo. 1958. Photograph. Brubeck


This is a photograph of the Brubeck Quartet at the Green House in Colombo in 1958. I

used this on the "Cold War" page of my website.

Ceylon: Dave Brubeck in Colombo. 1958. Photograph. Brubeck Collection, Stockton.

This is a photograph of Dave Brubeck in Colombo, Ceylon in 1958. I used this on the

"Cold War" page of my website.

Ceylon: Dave Brubeck, Joe Morello, Jean Rulach, and Paul Desmond in Colombo. 1958.


This is a photograph of Dave Brubeck, Joe Morello, Jean Rulach, and Paul Desmond in

Colombo, Ceylon, in 1958. I used this on the "Cold War" page of my website.

Ceylon: Dave Brubeck Signing Autographs at the Green House in Colombo. 1958.


This is a photograph of Dave Brubeck signing autographs in Colombo, Ceylon, in 1958. I


Ceylon: Eustace Rulach and Paul Desmond in Colombo. 1958. Photograph. Brubeck


This is a photograph of Eustace Rulach and Paul Desmond in Colombo, Ceylon, in 1958.

I used this on the "Cold War" page of my website.

Ceylon: Signing Autographs in Colombo. 1958. Brubeck Collection, Stockton.

This is a photograph of Dave Brubeck signing autographs in Ceylon, in 1958, on the Cold

War diplomacy tour. I used this on the "Legacy" page of my website to show the

various places he performed as a goodwill ambassador.

Conductor Russell Gloyd and Dave Brubeck. The Gates of Justice Recording Session,

Goucher College. Baltimore, Maryland. 1969. Milken Archive, Santa Monica.

This is a photograph of Russell Gloyd and Dave Brubeck during The Gates of Justice


Covello, Leonard. 1961: Dave Brubeck Recieves Honorary Degree from Robert Burns,

University of the Pacific, Stockton, California. 1961. Photograph. Brubeck


This is a photograph of Dave Brubeck receiving a honorary degree from Robert Burns at

the University of the Pacific in 1961. I used this to show one of the many

achievements Brubeck has received during his life.

Dave Brubeck and Alberto Mizrahi. The Gates of Justice Recording Session, Goucher

College. Baltimore, Maryland. 1969. Milken Archive, Santa Monica.

This is a photograph of Dave Brubeck and the Jewish tenor, Alberto Mizrahi, in The

Gates of Justice recording. I used this on "The Gates of Justice" page of my

website.

Dave Brubeck and Louis Armstrong. Rehearsals for Recording The Real Ambassadors at

Columbia Studio in New York City. 1961. Photograph. Brubeck Collection,

Stockton.

This is a photograph of Dave Brubeck and Louis Armstrong rehearsing "The Real

Ambassadors" at Columbia Studio in 1961. I used this on the "The Real

Ambassadors" page of my website.

Dave Brubeck and Louis Armstrong. Rehearsals for Recording The Real Ambassadors at

Columbia Studio in New York City. 1961. Photograph. Brubeck Collection,

Stockton.

This is a photograph of Dave Brubeck and Louis Armstrong rehearsing The Real

Ambassadors at Columbia Studio, in September 1961. I used this in the "The Real


Dave Brubeck, Far Right, With, from Left, Paul Desmond, Joe Morello and Gene Wright.

Photograph. The New York Times, New York City.

This is a photograph of the Classic Dave Brubeck Quartet. I used this on the "Fighting for

Rights" page of my website to show that even though Dave Brubeck needed the

money desperately, he would not switch his black bassist from his quartet to

perform in the South.

"Dave Brubeck." Interview by Bob Faw. Religion and Ethics Newsweekly. WNET, 10

July 2009. Web. 15 Oct. 2013.

This interview by Bob Faw with Dave Brubeck provided me an abundance of

information on Dave Brubeck's religious involvement. Many of his songs such as

"Gates of Justice," "The Commandments," and "To Hope" had religious and

Biblical meanings behind them. Brubeck discusses how he uses music as a way to

"communicate God's command to love one another more deeply."

"Dave Brubeck." Interview by Monk Rowe. Hamilton College Digital Collections.

Hamilton College Jazz Archive, 21 Nov. 2001. Web. 23 Sept. 2013.

This interview by Monk Rowe, the director of Hamilton College's oral history archives,

with Dave Brubeck was very helpful in providing me information on his musical

style, religious music, and Cold War involvement. Brubeck talked about lines

from his famous religious pieces such as "Light and the Wilderness" and "The

Gates of Justice" and linked those to the Cold War, explaining the only way to

prevent another war was to "love your enemies, do good to those that hate you."

Jazz was banned in many countries such as Germany and Russia, because, as

Brubeck explained, "it just gives the country, the people of a country, too much

idea of what it would be like to be free."

Dave Brubeck in 1956. 1956. Photograph. Associated Press.

This is a photograph of Dave Brubeck in 1956.

Dave Brubeck, Kevin Deas, and Alberto Mizrahi. The Gates of Justice Recording

Session. 1969. Milken Archive, Santa Monica.

This is a photograph of Dave Brubeck, and Kevin Deas and Alberto Mizrahi, the two

major singers in The Gates of Justice. I used this on "The Gates of Justice" page

of my website.

Dave Brubeck Meets Louis Armstrong. N.d. Brubeck Collection, Stockton.

This is a picture of Dave Brubeck and Louis Armstrong, who worked together on "The

Real Ambassadors," a song that fought for civil rights. I used this on "The Real


Dave Brubeck Performs on the Pilot Episode of Television Programme Dial M for Music

in 1965. 1965. Photograph. CBS Photo Archive.

This is a picture of Brubeck performing on the pilot episode of Dial M for Music in 1965.

Dave Brubeck Playing Piano. The Gates of Justice Recording Session. 1969. Milken

Archive, Santa Monica.

This is a photograph of Dave Brubeck playing the piano during The Gates of Justice


Dave Brubeck. "The Gates of Justice." Milken Archive of Jewish Music, 1969. MP3.

"The Gates of Justice" was written by Dave Brubeck in 1969 to illustrate the struggles

that blacks faced during the civil rights movement, and how segregation had to be

prohibited in the U.S. Brubeck wrote, "We must stand for freedom! Knowing that

one day we will be free." I used this on the "The Gates of Justice" page of my

website.

Dave Brubeck. The Gates of Justice Recording Session, Goucher College. Baltimore,


This is a photograph of Dave Brubeck during The Gates of Justice rehearsal. I used this

on "The Gates of Justice" page of my website.

Dave Brubeck. The Gates of Justice Recording Session, Goucher College. Baltimore,


This is a photograph of Dave Brubeck during The Gates of Justice recording. I used this

on "The Gates of Justice" page of my website.

David Brubeck: Nov. 8, 1954. 1954. Photograph. Time Magazine, New York City.

This is the cover of Time magazine published on November 8, 1954. Brubeck was the

second jazz musician to ever be featured on the cover of Time magazine, followed

by Louis Armstrong. The subtitle, "The joints are really flipping," describes

Brubeck's unique use of polytonality and introduction of different time meters to

the world of jazz.

"Delightful Jazz Concert." Hindustan Times [New Delhi] 9 Apr. 1958. Print.

This newspaper article describes the excitement and various musical styles the Dave

Brubeck Quartet performed in India, on the Cold War diplomacy tour in 1958.

The author of this article, a music critic, explained how Dave Brubeck's music

was based largely on improvisation and was very free, similar to Indian music.

This source helped me better understand Brubeck's musical style and cultural

influences.

Desmond, Paul. "Take Five." Rec. 1 July 1959. Time Out. Dave Brubeck Quartet.

Columbia/Legacy, 1959. MP3.

Take Five, written in 1959, was one of Dave Brubeck's Quartet's most popular songs.

Edwards, A.J. 1940s: Dave Brubeck, Michael Random, and Darius Milhaud. 1940s.


This is a photograph of Dave Brubeck, Michael Random, and Brubeck's former piano

teacher at the College of the Pacific, Darius Milhaud. I used this on the "World

War II" page of my website.

Gitler, Ira. "Dave Brubeck." Review. Downbeat Magazine 28 Apr. 1960. Print.

This is a negative review of Dave Brubeck's music, particularly his album "Time Out."

Ira Gitler, a jazz critic, wrote this. This was extremely useful in providing me with

another viewpoint of Dave Brubeck's music, and helped me show both positive

and negative reviews of his music for my project. Ira Gitler talks about how The

Dave Brubeck Quartet's "Time Out" sounds like "a Chinese water torture." I used

this on the "Classic Quartet" page of my website. Ira Gitler talks about how The

Dave Brubeck Quartet's "Time Out" sounds like "a Chinese water torture."

Gleason, Ralph J. "Racial Issue 'Kills' Brubeck Jazz Tour of the South." San Francisco

Chronicle 12 Jan. 1960. Print.

This newspaper article showed how Dave Brubeck fought for civil rights, even though he

was a musician. Even though he desperately needed the money, Dave Brubeck

refused to drop Eugene Wright, a black bass player, from his group to perform in

the South. I used this on the "Fighting for Rights" page of my website. This

source gave me an example of how Dave Brubeck fought for civil rights through

music.

Grant, Alistair. Brubeck Sits at His Piano as He Celebrates His 85th Birthday at

London's Barbican in 2005. 2005. Photograph. Associated Press.

This is a photograph of Brubeck at his piano, celebrating his 85th birthday at London's

Barbican in 2005.

Hanks, V. M. Rehearsal at St. Francis Hotel in San Francisco for Performance at

Monterey Jazz Festival. 1962. Photograph. Brubeck Collection, Stockton.

This was a photograph of The Real Ambassadors rehearsing at St. Francis Hotel in San

Francisco for the performance at Monterey Jazz Festival. I used this in the "The

Real Ambassadors" page of my website.

India: Audience at Brubeck Quartet Concert. 1958. Photograph. Brubeck Collection,

Stockton.

This is a photograph of the audience at a Brubeck Quartet concert in India, in 1958. I


India: Brubeck Quartet. 1958. Photograph. Brubeck Collection, Stockton.

This is a photograph of the Dave Brubeck Quartet performing in India, in 1958. I used

this on the "Cold War" page of my website.

India: Brubeck Quartet at the Sanrashtre Sangit Natak Academy in Rajkot. 1958.


This is a photograph of the Brubeck Quartet at the Sanrashtre Sangit Natak Academy in

Rajkot, India. I used this on the "Cold War" page of my website.

India: Joe Morello, Eugene Wright, and Dave Brubeck in Madras. 1958. Photograph.


This is a photograph of The Dave Brubeck Quartet in India on their 1958 Cold War

diplomacy tour. I used this on the "Fighter for Rights" page of my website to

show how Brubeck fought for freedom through music.

Iola Brubeck, Dave Lambert, and Dave Brubeck. Rehearsals for Recording The Real

Ambassadors at Columbia Studio in New York City. 1961. Photograph. Brubeck


This is a photograph of Iola Brubeck, Dave Lambert, and Dave Brubeck rehearsing "The

Real Ambassadors" at Columbia Studio in 1961. I used this on the "The Real


Jon Hendricks, Dave Brubeck, and Louis Armstrong. Rehearsals for Recording The Real

Ambassadors at Columbia Studio in New York City. 1961. Photograph. Brubeck


This is a photograph of Jon Hendricks, Dave Brubeck, and Louis Armstrong recording

"The Real Ambassadors" at Columbia Studio in 1961. I used this on the "The


Karewicz, Marek A. Poland: Brubeck Quartet at the Palace of Culture, Warsaw. 1958.


This is a photograph of the Dave Brubeck Quartet performing in Warsaw, Poland, on

their 1958 Cold War diplomacy tour. I used this on the "Fighter for Rights" page

of my website.

Kevin Deas. The Gates of Justice Recording Session, Goucher College. Baltimore,


This is a photograph of Kevin Deas, an African-American baritone, one of the two

singers for The Gates of Justice. This song illustrated the parallels between Jewish

people and African-Americans of that time; the struggle they had both gone

through.

Koner, Marvin. Brubeck Sitting on a Chair on His Roof Overlooking Oakland, California,

in 1956. 1956. Photograph. Corbis.

This is a photograph of Brubeck sitting on a chair on his roof in Oakland, California, in

1956.

Kweyi, Ronnie. 1976: Dave Brubeck and Victor Ntoni in Johannesburg, South Africa.

1976. Brubeck Collection, Stockton.

This is a photograph of Dave Brubeck and Victor Ntoni, a South African musician, in

Johannesburg, South Africa, in 1976. I used this on the "Legacy" page of my

website to show how Brubeck fought for civil rights by performing in African

countries.

Lee, Robert E. 1943: "The Fabulous Five”:Dave Brubeck, Frances Glenn, Wes Cope,

and Ralph Gephardt. Camp Haan, Riverside, CA. 1943. Photograph. Brubeck


This is a photograph of "The Fabulous Five," who performed for the U.S. Army in World

War II. The Fabulous Five included: Dave Brubeck, Frances Glenn, Wes Cope,

and Ralph Gephardt. I used this on the "World War II" section of my website.

Mello, Paul. Brubeck at the Newport Jazz Festival in 1981. 1981. Photograph. Associated

Press.

This is a picture of Brubeck at the Newport Jazz Festival in 1981.

Members of the Baltimore Choral Arts Society. The Gates of Justice Recording Session,

Goucher College. Baltimore, Maryland. 1969. Milken Archive, Santa Monica.

This is a photograph of the Baltimore Choral Arts Society performing for The Gates of

Justice. I used this on "The Gates of Justice" page of my website.

Moody, Linda. 1999: Dave Brubeck, Bobby Millitello, Chris Brubeck, Randy Jones.

Carnegie Hall, New York City. 1999. Brubeck Collection, Stockton.

This is a photograph of The Dave Brubeck Quartet in Carnegie Hall, New York City, in

1999. I used this on the "Legacy" page of my website to show how Brubeck

continued to fight for artistic rights throughout his entire life.

Poland: Brubeck Quartet at the Rotondo, Krakow. 1958. Brubeck Collection, Stockton.

This is a photograph of The Dave Brubeck Classic Quartet performing in Poland at the

Rotondo in 1958, on the Cold War diplomacy tour. I used this on the "Legacy"

page of my website.

Redfern, David. Brubeck on Stage during a Rehearsal in London in 1995. 1995.

Photograph. Redferns Collection.

This is a photograph of Brubeck on stage during a rehearsal in London in 1995.

Redfern, David. Performing at the Newport Jazz Festival with Gerry Mulligan.

Photograph. Redferns Collection.

This is a photograph of Brubeck performing at the Newport Jazz Festival with Gerry

Mulligan on saxophone.

Richards, Laurie. 1960: Dave Brubeck with Didjeridoo and Paul Desmond. Melbourne,

Australia. 1960. Photograph. Brubeck Collection, Stockton.

This is a photograph of Dave Brubeck and Paul Desmond in Melbourne, Australia, in

1960. I used this on the "Personal Responsibilities" page of my website to show

how Dave Brubeck assumed a great responsibility to spread musical knowledge

and the feeling of freedom around the world through jazz.

Rowand, Wilbur. Letter to Dave Brubeck. 1967. Web.

This is a letter from Wilbur Rowand to Dave Brubeck regarding the first integrated

concert at the University of Alabama and the Ku Klux Klan threats. I used this on

the "Civil Rights" page to show how Dave Brubeck integrated universities

through his jazz. This letter talks about how Dave Brubeck had integrated the

program, with several blacks there, even though there was a large Ku Klux Klan

presence outside.

Rowe, Monk. E-mail interview. 29 Oct. 2013.

Monk Rowe is a jazz musician and composer, and also is in charge of Hamilton College's

oral history archives. He has interviewed both Dave Brubeck and his wife Iola.

This interview with Dr. Rowe helped me understand how Brubeck felt it was his

responsibility to make a difference in society, through his music. He was also

known for his remarkable individuality and not following along with what was

expected of that time.

Rowe, Simon. E-mail interview. 1 Dec. 2013.

This interview with Dr. Simon Rowe provided me with some information on Brubeck as

a person and what music was like when he was starting to come out into the

musical world. "To live the life Dave lived, he had to be curious, joyful and

fearless.......and to quote Iola always in a "state of becoming." Dr. Rowe

explained how Brubeck musical styles from many different cultures in his works,

and created goodwill through his music. He currently works at the Brubeck

Institute at the College of the Pacific.

Russell Gloyd Conducts the Baltimore Choral Arts Society. The Gates of Justice

Recording Session, Goucher College. Baltimore, Maryland. 2001. Milken

Archive, Santa Monica.

This is a photograph of Russell Gloyd conducting the Baltimore Choral Arts Society for

Brubeck's religious work, "The Gates of Justice." I used this on "The Gates of

Justice" page of my website.

Russell, Gloyd. E-mail interview. 28 Jan. 2014.

This interview with Russell Gloyd was one of my most useful sources. Russell Gloyd

conducted most of Dave Brubeck's religious works, and was also his manager. He

provided me with several stories that truly showed me how he opened doors for

audiences all around the world and fought for their rights. He talked about how

Dave Brubeck challenged everyone around him to rise up their abilities, because

he demanded so much from himself.

Russell Gloyd. The Gates of Justice Recording Session, Goucher College. Baltimore,


This is a photograph of Russell Gloyd conducting "The Gates of Justice." I used this on

"The Gates of Justice" page of my website.

Simonyi, Andras. "Cold War Diplomacy: A Tribute to the Jazz Ambassadors." Speech.

This speech given by Andras Simonyi during the World Without Walls congress, former

Hungarian ambassador to the U.S., gave me a perspective on the major role jazz

played in breaking barriers and connecting countries. Audiences around the world

saw the "real America" through jazz, and thus made it easier for them to trust.

This source proved that jazz did connect people around the world and showed

America to be a leading nation, while also securing human rights at the same time.

"Spotlight." Ceylon Observer 20 Apr. 1958. Print.

This is a newspaper article that lauds The Dave Brubeck Quartet's performance in Ceylon.

It describes their performance as "unadulterated, uninhibited music, played by

some of the world's best artistes." When asked by the Ceylon Observer if you

have to take artificial stimulants to do their best, Dave Brubeck replied, "No,

never." This source was helpful in providing me with Cold War information,

directly from one of the countries of the tour.

The Dave Brubeck Octet. Prisoner's Song. Original Jazz Classics, 1956. MP3.

"Prisoner's Song," by the Dave Brubeck Octet, was one of Dave Brubeck's earliest songs.

I used this on the "Octet" page of my website.

The Dave Brubeck Trio. "Blue Moon." Fantasy Records, 1950. MP3.

This song, "Blue Moon," by The Dave Brubeck Trio, was used on the "Trio" page of my

website.

The Dave Brubeck Quartet. "Bossa Nova U.S.A." Columbia Records, 1963. MP3.

"Bossa Nova U.S.A." is a song written by Dave Brubeck, and was featured on the "Time

Out" album. I used this on the "Legacy" page of my website.

The Dave Brubeck Quartet. Camptown Races. Columbia Records, 1959. MP3.

"Camptown Races" was a song by The Dave Brubeck Classic Quartet. I used this on the


The Dave Brubeck Quartet circa 1958. 1958. Photograph. Metronome Magazine, Boston.

This is a photograph of the Dave Brubeck Quartet in circa 1958. From left to right are

saxophonist Paul Desmond, drummer Joe Morello, pianist Dave Brubeck, and

bassist Eugene Wright.

The Dave Brubeck Quartet. "Everybody's Jumpin'" Columbia Records, 1959. MP3.

"Everybody's Jumpin'" is a song performed by The Dave Brubeck Quartet, and was

written in 6/4. I used this on the "Music" page of my website.

The Dave Brubeck Quartet Perform on Ed Sullivan's CBS Variety Show Toast of the

Town in New York in 1955. 1955. Photograph. CBS Photo Archive.

This is a photograph of the Dave Brubeck Quartet performing on the Ed Sullivan's "Toast

of the Town" in New York in 1955.

The Dave Brubeck Quartet. "Take the 'A' Train." Columbia Records, 1962. MP3.

"Take the 'A' Train" was a song written by The Dave Brubeck Quartet and was released

on their album "Jazz Goes to College." I used this on the "Various Quartets" page

of my website.

"The Jazz Concert: Original and Enjoyable: Brubeck Quartet." The Times of India [Delhi]

9 Apr. 1958. Print.

This newspaper article from The Times of India commended the Dave Brubeck Quartet's

originality and excitement in their music, portraying life in America. However, it

also discussed how those who were raised on classical music would not approve

of it because it did not contain any tenderness. This source mainly provided me

with a different viewpoint of the Quartet's music.

The Real Ambassadors Record Cover. 1962. Photograph. Brubeck Collection, Stockton.

By Dave Brubeck and Iola Brubeck.

This is a photograph of "The Real Ambassadors" record cover. I used this on the "The


United States and Russia. Immediate Range Nuclear Forces Treaty. State Department

Documentation. Washington, D.C.

I used this on the “Immediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty” page of my website. This

treaty was a result of Dave Brubeck’s performance at the third Reagan-Gorbachev

Summit meeting in Moscow, Russia. During Brubeck’s performance of “Take

Five,” Mikhail Gorbachev was tapping his fingers to the music. This treaty

dismantled nuclear weapons. This source showed me how great of an impact

Dave Brubeck’s music had on people all over the world, of different backgrounds.

Van Vechten, Carl. Portrait of Dave Brubeck, with Sheet Music as Backdrop. 1954.

Photograph. Van Vechten Collection, Washington, D.C. Web.

This is a portrait of Dave Brubeck, taken by Carl Van Vechten, with sheet music as the

backdrop.

Wasser, Julian. 1955: Dave Brubeck. University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. 1955.


This is a photograph of Dave Brubeck performing at the University of Pennsylvania, in

1955. I used this on the "Music" section of my website.

White House. 1988: Dave Brubeck and Raisa Gorbachev. Spaso House, Moscow. 1988.


This is a photograph of Dave Brubeck and Raisa Gorbachev at the Spaso House in

Moscow, in 1988. The final Reagan-Gorbachev summit meeting took place here. I

used this on the "Reagan-Gorbachev Summit" page of my website.

White House. 1988: Dave Brubeck, Eugene Wright, Ronald Reagan, and Mikhail

Gorbachev. Spaso House, Moscow. 1988. Photograph. Brubeck Collection,

Stockton.

This is a photograph of Dave Brubeck, Eugene Wright, Ronald Reagan, and Mikhail

Gorbachev at Spaso House, Moscow, in 1988. The final Reagan-Gorbachev

summit took place here. I used this on the "Reagan-Gorbachev Summit" page of

my website.

Wilson, Lonnie. 1954: Dave Brubeck during "Dave Teaches Teachers" Program.

Alameda County, California. 1954. Photograph. Brubeck Collection, Stockton.

This is a photograph of Dave Brubeck during the "Dave Teaches Teachers" program in

1954. This showed how he assumed responsibility to educate others of his

generation.

Secondary Sources

Anderson, David E. "Dave Brubeck's Sacred Music: 'Composition As A Prayer'" The

Huffington Post. The Huffington Post, 07 Dec. 2012. Web. 15 Oct. 2013.

This Huffington Post article talked about how Brubeck incorporated jazz into his

religious music, and many of his religious works, including "To Hope!" When he

was asked to compose the Lord's Prayer in the Mass, he refused, but that night, he

dreamt the entire piece.

"A Spiritual Legacy." Milken Archive of Jewish Music. Milken Family Foundation, 2006.

Web. 28 Feb. 2014

This source provided me with basic background information needed to comprehend The

Gates of Justice better. It discussed the Holocaust during World War II and how

almost all the Jewish people were killed. Dave Brubeck wanted to connect Jewish

people and African-Americans, who had both been through similar ordeals. I used

this source for "The Gates of Justice" page of my website to gain a better

understanding the message Brubeck was trying to convey through this song.

Blake, John. "What the Tributes to Dave Brubeck Missed." CNN. Cable News Network,

22 Dec. 2012. Web. 8 Oct. 2013.

This CNN article discussed the lesser known life of Dave Brubeck, and what he did for

civil rights and the Cold War. When he was young, his father had asked an

African American cowboy named Shine to open his shirt, revealing a brand on his

chest. This spurred his involvement in civil rights, knowing that he had to do

something about this issue. Brubeck talked about his musical style in albums such

as Take Five, where he used musical styles from other cultures in Europe to use in

his own works. This source showed me how remarkable Dave Brubeck truly was.

Blumenfield, Larry. "In His Own Sweet Way: Remembering Dave Brubeck." BluNotes:

Larry Blumenfield on Jazz and Other Sounds. N.p., 6 Dec. 2012. Web. 06 Mar.

2014.

This secondary source provided me with excellent background information on all of Dave

Brubeck's career, as well as less-known information about his tours at segregated

universities. This source provided me with many quotes by Dave Brubeck that

talked about his musical style and his beliefs about society. It gave me more

historical context for the time when The Gates of Justice was written.

Blumenfeld, Larry. "Open Wide 'The Gates' To Dave Brubeck / A Landmark Concert

Honors the California Jazz Great's Lesser-known Legacy of Civil Rights Struggle

and Interfaith Dialogue." SF Gate. Hearst Communications, 7 Apr. 2004. Web. 28

Feb. 2014.

This website provided me with information on Dave Brubeck's fight for civil and

religious rights. In The Gates of Justice, Brubeck had meant for the two soloists to

be composite characters- an African-American as well as a Jewish cantor.

Michael O'Daniel, who works at the Brubeck Institute, tells how the message of

that song is still appropriate today, since inequality is still common today. This

source gave me a greater understanding of The Gates of Justice.

Boucher, Toni. "Connecticut Senate Honors Famed Jazz Musician Dave Brubeck."

United States Senate, Washington, D.C. Speech.

This speech given by Toni Boucher, Connecticut senator, honored Dave Brubeck as not

only a music legend, but also as a hometown hero. She described how Brubeck's

music broke boundaries in not only jazz, but also cultural and racial barriers. He

often performed for young people in America, sharing his love of music. This

source gave me an excellent summary of all of Brubeck's achievements.

"Brubeck Rediscovers Himself." PBS. PBS. Web. 2 Feb. 2014.

This website provided me with lesser-known information about Dave Brubeck's career. It

talks about his creative impulse, how he never stops working on his music, even

as he got older, and his experiences in World War II. On D-Day, he saw one of

his friends get killed as he was in a parachute. Brubeck said the experience

changed his outlook on life. "I'm alive and I'm gonna do as much as I can.''

"Brubeck's Trademark Style: Odd Time Signatures, Polyrhythms and Polytonality." PBS.

PBS, n.d. Web. 2 Feb. 2014.

This website talks about Brubeck's unique style, using polytonality and 5/4 meter, which

was foreign to jazz during that time. 4/4 meter was expected, and had become a

tradition. Brubeck grew up on a ranch, hearing the clip-clop of horses' hooves,

which drove him to use polytonality in his music. Even though he received much

criticism for his music, since critics did not understand it, Brubeck never wavered

from his musical style. This source helped me better understand Brubeck's unique

style.

Buchanan, John M. "A Tribute to Presbyterian-friendly Dave Brubeck." Presbyterian

Church U.S.A. Presbyterian Church U.S.A., 14 Dec. 2012. Web. 15 Oct. 2013.

This article, written by John Buchanan of the Presbyterian News Service, provided me

excellent background information on his religious works. John Buchanan was a

fan and friend of Brubeck, and talked to him about his music. After composing a

Mass titled "To Hope," Brubeck felt an urge to join the Roman Catholic Church.

He had never been part of any specific religion before this.

"Catholic Jazz Legend Dave Brubeck Remembered." Catholic News Agency. CNA, n.d.

Web. 27 Oct. 2013.

This Catholic News Agency article provided me some information on Brubeck's religious

works. He describes how he joined the Catholic Church after dreaming the "Our

Father" section because he felt "somebody's trying to tell me something."

"Celebrating Jazz Pianist Dave Brubeck's 90th Birthday." NPR.org. NPR, 3 Dec. 2010.

Web. 3 Oct. 2013.

This NPR article on Brubeck provided me with some information on his awards and

achievements, as well as his childhood. Most notable was the fact that Brubeck

could not read music, and the dean of the piano conservatory threatened to not

graduate him, but the teachers objected. The dean agreed to graduate Brubeck,

only if he promised not to embarrass the conservatory.

Crist, Stephen A. Jazz as Democracy? Dave Brubeck and Cold War Politics. Vol. 26.

University of California, 2009. Print.

This book provided me with in-depth information on The Dave Brubeck Quartet's 1958

Cold War tour, and also provided me with their itineraries, fees, repertoire, and

other primary source information. Brubeck's tour included performing at: Poland,

Turkey, India, Ceylon, East Pakistan, West Pakistan, Afghanistan, Iran, and Iraq.

"Dave Brubeck: A Jazz Legend." Russian National Orchestra. Russian National

Orchestra, n.d. Web. 20 Feb. 2014.

This source provided me with information on Dave Brubeck's career, up until his very

last days, recording various music pieces of his. It describes how Brubeck

experimented with many different styles, combining jazz and classical music, to

contemporary music. This website also gave short biographies on people from

Dave Brubeck's quartets, which I used to help me see the backgrounds of each

musician.

"Dave Brubeck: In His Own Sweet Way." NPR.org. NPR, 24 Dec. 2008. Web. 3 Oct.

2013.

This NPR article on Dave Brubeck gave me good background information on Brubeck's

entire career, including their album "Time Out" in 1959. Foreign rhythms the

quartet heard while on their tour of Europe and Asia in 1958 inspired that album.

This also provided me information on Brubeck's (1954) "Jazz Goes to College"

and its attraction of young fans.

Dave Brubeck on Fighting Communism with Jazz. Prod. David Gerlach. Blank on Blank,

10 Jan. 2013. Web. 28 Feb. 2014.

This video told the story of Dave Brubeck's Cold War tour through animation. It provided

me with several quotes from listeners in Poland and Dave Brubeck. I cut video

clips to put on the "Cold War Tour" page of my website to further illustrate the

freedom The Dave Brubeck Quartet's music brought people living in Europe and

Asia at that time. In the Soviet Union, jazz was banned because of the freedom

jazz gave people.

"Dave Brubeck." The Economist. The Economist, 15 Dec. 2012. Web. 3 Oct. 2013.

This source is Dave Brubeck's obituary from the Economist, and was useful in proving

my thesis. It provided me with excellent background information on his contrarian

ways, and how his childhood inspired him to become a musician. The musicians

in his group: Joe Morello, Eugene Wright, and Paul Desmond all played

"dangerous," like Brubeck, willing to explore new options. Brubeck's goal was to

make jazz simple and pure, and he demonstrated this when he composed "The

Duke," the rhythm being the beating windshield wipers of his car.

Fernandes, Naresh. "Hot Jazz and the Cold War in 1950s Mumbai." India Ink: Notes on

the World's Largest Democracy. The New York Times, 3 Nov. 2011. Web. 16

Dec. 2013.

This source provided me with information on the Dave Brubeck Quartet's 1958 Cold War

tour in India. They were very well-received in India. Jazz showcased America as

a superior nation to the world successfully, with the help of jazz groups such as

The Dave Brubeck Quartet. This source gave me an excellent understanding of

how India reacted to The Dave Brubeck Quartet.

Fishko, Sara. "Playing Five Beats To The Measure." NPR. NPR, 26 Sept. 2008. Web. 3

Oct. 2013.

This NPR article discusses various examples of 5/4 time meter, but none of those are as

striking as Brubeck's "Take Five," also written in 5/4. "Take Five" has a

complicated rhythm to it, when you have 2 against 3, giving it a sense of swing.

Today, 5/4 time meter is still something unusual, not of the ordinary. This source

helped me understand the Brubeck Quartet’s style in “Take Five.”

"From Cowboy To Jazzman (Getting Started)." PBS. PBS, n.d. Web. 2 Feb. 2014.

This website provided me with excellent information on Brubeck's early career, such as

his participation in World War II, and the formation of his octet and trio. The

Octet had not connected with listeners of his time because of the incredible

complexity of their music. The Trio started to gain a following, after Jimmy

Lyons, a disc jockey, started playing The Trio's music on his radio. This was one

of my more valuable sources regarding Brubeck's Octet and Trio.

Gans, Charles J. "Brubeck Gets Nod from Another Jazz Great." Washington Times. The

Washington Times, 09 Aug. 2010. Web. 17 Mar. 2014.

This source gave me information on Dave Brubeck's connection to Wynton Marsalis,

another jazz great of his time, and how he was received by him. It showed that

Brubeck was very well respected by other musicians of his time for his creativity,

and for breaking boundaries in music. Brubeck and Marsalis performed together

at the Newport Jazz Festival in 2010. This website did not directly relate to my

topic, but it provided information on Dave Brubeck's later career.

Garamendi, John. "Rep. Garamendi Honors the Life of Concord Native Dave Brubeck."

U.S. House of Representatives, Washington, D.C. 11 Dec. 2012. Speech.

This is an speech given by Congressman Garamendi of Fairfield, California, on

December 11, 2012. It gave me an excellent viewpoint of Dave Brubeck from a

person living today, showing the far-reaching impacts Brubeck had on the world.

He discussed all of his achievements, such as leading the first integrated Army

band and standing up for civil rights by refusing to perform without his black bass

player, Eugene Wright. This source helped me build the "Legacy" part of my

website, to show the long-term impacts Dave Brubeck made on society.

Gargan, Scott. "At 89, Jazz Legend Dave Brubeck Keeps His Chops Fit." Connecticut

Post. Hearst Media Services, 27 Apr. 2010. Web. 17 Mar. 2014.

This source provided me with information on how Dave Brubeck's performances in the

Soviet Union changed their perspective on America, as well as the rest of the

world's. Brubeck recalls the Reagan-Gorbachev summit meeting, his favorite

experience during the tour, and how he got to perform for two presidents, all

while promoting America as a country. This source was not very helpful, but it

provided me with some information on Dave Brubeck's Cold War tour, as well as

his hard-working personality.

Gayford, Martin. "Dave Brubeck, Nears 90, Driven by Passion for Rhythm:

Interview."Bloomberg.com. Bloomberg, 02 Dec. 2010. Web. 30 Sept. 2013.

This Bloomberg article features an interview with Dave Brubeck and discusses his

excitement on the stage. He also talked about his partnership with Paul Desmond,

and how they clashed to form something incredible. This was useful in helping

me understand Brubeck's enthusiasm towards performing and Desmond's

partnership with him.

Gelfand, Janelle. "Brubeck Makes Music with a Message." Cincinatti.com.

Cincinatti.com, 18 Feb. 2004. Web. 29 Oct. 2013.

This source provided me with Brubeck's religious music, which included important

messages to listeners. This helped me better understand the wide range of

religious music he composed, from The Gates of Justice to Light in the

Wilderness. In The Gates of Justice, Brubeck wanted to bring cultures together, so

he specifically asked for the tenor to be Jewish and the baritone to be African-

American. This showed that as a musician, he wanted to emphasize the

importance of equality to everyone.

Giola, Dana. "Cool Jazz and Cold War." The American Interest. The American Interest, 1

Mar. 2006. Web. 15 Dec. 2013.

This source was very helpful in providing me with background information on the Dave

Brubeck Quartet's 1958 Cold War tour in Europe and Asia. It included an

interview between Dana Giola and Dave Brubeck, who talked about his tour in

Turkey, Afghanistan, Iraq, and the freedom that jazz offered to people in the

Soviet Union.

Gleason, Ralph. "Dave Brubeck: They Said I Was Too Far Out" Downbeat Magazine.

Maher Publications, 8 Aug. 1957. Web. 14 Sept. 2013.

This article from Downbeat Magazine was a helpful primary source because it

provided me with quotes from Brubeck and his life as a musician. Downbeat was

a popular music magazine in the 1900s. Brubeck reflects on his childhood and

musical style.

Grabar, Henry. "How Dave Brubeck Used His Talents to Fight for Integration." The

Atlantic Cities. The Atlantic Monthly Group, 5 Dec. 2012. Web. 27 Feb. 2014.

This source provided me with more information on how Dave Brubeck fought for civil

rights and integration of universities. Brubeck used his advantage as a white

musician to lead his group through the South, refusing to leave his black bass

player, Eugene Wright, behind. By doing so, he cancelled dozens of gigs in the

South and lost $40000. This source showed me what a truly remarkable man Dave

Brubeck was for taking advantage of his rank as a musician to benefit the greater

good.

Hecteman, Kevin W. "Timeline: Dave Brubeck." Recordnet.com. Recordnet.com, n.d.

Web. 1 Feb. 2014.

This website provided me with a timeline of Dave Brubeck's career and gave me detailed

descriptions on each of the highlights. It discusses important events such as the

1958 Cold War diplomacy tour, how he fought for civil rights, and his early life. I

used this source on the "Timeline" page of my website.

Hindley, Meredith. "Dave Brubeck: Ambassador of Cool." National Endowment

for the Humanities. N.p., Nov.-Dec. 2006. Web. 8 Oct. 2013.

This cover story from the National Endowment for the Humanities magazine gave

me an excellent background of his entire life- from his childhood inspirations to

his involvement in civil rights. In 1960, Brubeck cancelled a tour in the South

when only two colleges would let Brubeck's racially integrated group perform. He

also discussed how jazz represented freedom, which explained why numerous

European dictatorships banned jazz. Meredith HIndley, the author of this article,

has written several articles for the National Endowment for the Humanities.

Jarenwattananon, Patrick. "Dave Brubeck: Beyond 'Take Five'" NPR. NPR, 6 Dec. 2012.

Web. 3 Oct. 2013.

This NPR article gave an excellent background of Dave Brubeck in all aspects of his life:

his popularity with college kids, him as a composer, ambassador, composer, and

overall, as a living legacy. Brubeck was one of the jazz artists deployed by the

U.S. State Department as a cultural ambassador during the Cold War. Many of his

music in "Time Out” was based on music he had heard in other countries there.

Also aware of the racism in American society, Brubeck and his wife, Iola, wrote

"The Real Ambassadors" for Louis Armstrong, a civil rights advocate. This gave

me an excellent summary for different parts of my website, which is based on

many of his involvements in these areas.

"Jazz Appreciation Month: A Tribute to Dave Brubeck." Smithsonian American Art

Museum. Smithsonian American Art Museum, 19 Apr. 2013. Web. 19 Mar. 2014.

This website featured interviews with Simon Rowe, director of the Dave Brubeck

Institute, as well as another pianist, Paul Bloom. It demonstrated the large impact

that Dave Brubeck made on society- from fighting for civil rights despite his

personal loss to performing for Middle Eastern countries during the Cold War,

acting as an American diplomat. This source provided an extremely helpful

perspective, from another pianist's point of view. This showed that other pianists

of his time greatly admired him and hoped to follow in his footsteps, continuing

the great legacy that he left behind in this world.

JAZZ. Dir. Ken Burns. PBS, 2001. DVD.

This is a documentary by Ken Burns that talked about Dave Brubeck and many other jazz

musicians. When he was young, his father had taken him to meet an African-

American cowboy, who had been branded like cattle. It provided me with new

information on Dave Brubeck and why he stood up for civil rights. I used a video

clip from this documentary on the "Civil Rights" page of my website.

"Jazz Legend and University of the Pacific Alumnus Dave Brubeck ’42 Dies at

91."University of the Pacific. University of the Pacific, 5 Dec. 2012. Web. 2 Feb.

2014.

This is an obituary written by the College of the Pacific, where Dave Brubeck graduated.

This source covers the highlights of Brubeck's life, ranging from his best-selling

album "Time Out" to cultural diplomacy. It provided me with excellent

background information.

Johnson, Danny R. "Dave Brubeck's Friends, Family, Music Colleagues Celebrated His

Life and Music at New York City Public Memorial." San Diego County News.

San Diego County News, 21 May 2013. Web. 17 Mar. 2014.

This source tells how Dave Brubeck's uncanny musical style turned out to be very

smooth and natural, attracting thousands of listeners around the world. Dave

Brubeck did the impossible- starting off working a dollar a day on his father's

ranch to performing for presidents around the world and gaining international

fame. Even at the age of 91, he continued to perform with the liveliness of a

young person. This website showed me that Dave Brubeck further enhanced the

world of music, making it more creative and less limited.

Middleton, Norman. "Musical Living Legends." Library of Congress. Library of

Congress, Dec. 2003. Web. 17 Feb. 2014.

This website included a jazz fan's personal experience of listening to Dave Brubeck's

music. He found the song "mesmerizing" because of the unusual rhythms and

sophisticated melodies. Through Brubeck's music, he expressed his feelings about

the world, such as ongoing issues, as well as his love of music. The Brubeck

Institute, founded by him, opened doors for young musicians looking to write

more creatively. This source was helpful because it showed me how Dave

Brubeck not only affected jazz lovers, but also young people around the world.

Myers, Marc. "Interview: Dave Brubeck (Part 1)." JazzWax. N.p., 1 Feb. 2010. Web. 01

Feb. 2014.

This source provided me with an excellent background of Dave Brubeck's childhood and

early life. When the dean found out he could not sight read, he threatened to not

graduate him. Brubeck talked about how two of his teachers convinced the dean

to let him graduate. I used this for the "Childhood" page of my website.


Feb. 2014.

This source provided me with information on Brubeck's near-death experiences in World

War II. It also provided me with photographs of him there. It gave me a glimpse

of his music education and how difficult it was for him to graduate without being

able to sight read.


Feb. 2014.

This secondary source provided me with information on Dave Brubeck's early years as a

musician in the Octet, as well as his amazing partnership with Paul Desmond. It

provided me with many photographs of his early years as a musician. The

interview with Dave Brubeck gave me more information on his early career. I

used this mostly for the "Octet" page of my website.

Myers, Marc. "Interview: Dave Brubeck (Part 4)." JazzWax. 4 Feb. 2010. Web. 26 Jan.

2014.

This source provided me with an interview between Marc Myers and Dave Brubeck

about The Dave Brubeck Quartet's 1958 Cold War tour and "The Real

Ambassadors," as well as several photographs. Brubeck talks about how this

experience exposed him to different cultures and different styles of music. In "The

Real Ambassadors," Louis Armstrong sings that there should be no black or white

distinctions, that everyone should be measured as individuals.

Myers, Marc. "Ranching's Loss, Jazz's Gain." The Wall Street Journal. Dow Jones &

Company, 1 Dec. 2010. Web. 27 Feb. 2014.

This website was somewhat useful to my project. It showed all of the obstacles that Dave

Brubeck encountered as a musician. His father had not wanted Brubeck to study

music- he wanted him to help on the ranch. In his early years as a musician, he

was very poor and had not gained a following due to his creative style. However,

it continued to write music for his own passion, and the American public began to

notice him. I used this source to show how Dave Brubeck found it his

responsibility to fight for artistic rights, even though he encountered several

hardships in his career.

Obama, Barack. Kennedy Center Honors 2009. White House, Washington, D.C. Web.

This is a speech given by Barack Obama in 2009 honoring several people who influenced

America greatly- one of them being Dave Brubeck. Obama talked about his

earliest memories of him as a 10-year old boy, and how that concert changed his

life forever. This source was an excellent conclusion and summary in illustrating

Brubeck's legacy that still continues today. I used this on the "Diplomacy Through

Jazz" page of my website.

Pattison, Mark. "Jazz Pianist Brubeck Takes Five to Talk about Music." Catholic News

Service. Catholic News Service, 30 Oct. 1996.

This source provided me much on Brubeck's "To Hope" and joining the Catholic church

after he dreamed the Lord's Prayer part of his song. He also discussed his

inspiration to write oratarios after World War II- which were "long, dramatical musical compositions." Brubeck was very different than other jazz musicians of

his time, who were often addicted to drugs or were drunk. He became very

famous while also staying sensible.

Pine, Dan. "Beat Goes On: Jazz Great Dave Brubeck Brings Jewish-themed Choral Piece

to Bay Area." Jweekly.com. San Francisco Jewish Community Publications, 26

Mar. 2004. Web. 1 Mar. 2014.

This source showed me how Dave Brubeck's The Gates of Justice is still relevant, even

today, 45 years after the song premiered. It reminds people today to "live together

as brothers or die together as fools." It helped me see the long-term impacts of

Dave Brubeck's religious works, and how his legacy still continues on today. I

used this source on "The Gates of Justice" page of my website.

Ratliff, Ben. "Dave Brubeck, Whose Distinctive Sound Gave Jazz New Pop, Dies at

91."Music. The New York Times, 5 Dec. 2012. Web. 10 Sept. 2013.

This New York Times obituary provided me with lots of background information on

Dave Brubeck and how he came to be one of the greatest jazz musicians of all

time. It provided me with all of the stages in his life, from his childhood and early

life to forming a quartet with his children and continuing to write music even in

his later years. This site was one of the first I viewed, and it provided me with

enough background information to know where to research from there. I used this

as a springboard for my project.

"Reflections on The Real Ambassadors." Monterey Jazz Festival. Monterey Jazz Festival,

n.d. Web. 17 Mar. 2014.

This website provided me with a short summary of The Real Ambassadors, and how

Dave Brubeck and Louis Armstrong fought for civil rights through that song. It

addressed the prevalent issue of segregation, and the Ole Miss Riot of 1962.

Brubeck and Armstrong used this piece to champion social justice issues. This

source demonstrated the impacts of The Real Ambassadors and its message to

America. I used this source mainly for "The Real Ambassadors" page of my

website.

Sachs, Tony. "Father Time: Dave Brubeck Plays the Blue Note." The Huffington Post.

TheHuffingtonPost.com, 14 June 2010. Web. 17 Mar. 2014.

This source showed me that Dave Brubeck continued to fight for artistic, civil, religious,

and human rights up until the very last days of his life. He continued to perform

for the joy that music brought him, even at the age of 91, when his health started

to deteriorate. He never forgot the reason he chose to be a jazz musician. This

website contained much of his hectic schedule as he got older, and described how

he truly found it his responsibility to benefit the world with his music. It helped

me with the "Legacy" page of my website.

Schudel, Matt. "Ambassador of Cool." Washington Post. The Washington Post, 06 Apr.

2008. Web. 20 Feb. 2014.

This website provided me with the story of Dave Brubeck as a cultural ambassador and

performing in countries in Europe and Asia. By going against what was expected,

Dave Brubeck created a whole new vision of America and expanded the

boundaries of jazz. Growing up on a ranch, away from New York, where most

jazz musicians originated, he was an unlikely musician to succeed. This source

provided me with more information on how Dave Brubeck eased tensions

between countries such as Russia, and aided in nuclear disarmament through his

music. It gave me a clearer idea of how Dave Brubeck became a jazz diplomat for

America.

Schudel, Matt. "Dave Brubeck, Worldwide Ambassador of Jazz, Dies at 91." Washington

Post. The Washington Post, 05 Dec. 2012. Web. 16 Dec. 2013.

This source provided me with excellent background information on Dave Brubeck,

talking about his childhood, early years as a musician, his Cold War tour, his

achievements, and his legacy, which still continues today. His music was creative

and original, and used polytonality, styles from other countries, and other

interesting elements. This was my most helpful secondary source, because it

covered Dave Brubeck's entire life.

Smith, Hedrick. "Dave on Paul Desmond and the Quartet." PBS. PBS, n.d. Web. 01 Feb.

2014.

This source showed me the connection between everyone in the Dave Brubeck Quartet

and what it was that kept them together for so long. All four of the men in the

Dave Brubeck Quartet had a major role, and Dave Brubeck respected that. I used

this in the "Music" page of my website.

Smith, Hedrick. "Dave on the Racial Barrier." PBS. PBS, n.d. Web. 01 Feb. 2014.

This source focused on how Dave Brubeck fought for civil rights. It talked about how he

had integrated a school in the South, and Eugene Wright (Brubeck's black bass

player) was in the front. Everyone was cheering for him. I used this for the "Civil

Rights" page of my website.

Smith, Hedrick. "Dave on the Rocky Road to Success." PBS. PBS, n.d. Web. 01 Feb.

2014.

This source provided me with information on how Dave Brubeck struggled to find a job

before he started gaining popularity. Often, he had to live in run-down apartments

where 6 rooms shared one bathroom. He persevered and became one of the

greatest jazz legends of all time.

"The Critics: George Wein." Interview by Hedrick Smith. Rediscovering Dave Brubeck:

With Hedrick Smith. PBS, n.d. Web. 15 Sept. 2013.

This interview by Hedrick Smith with a jazz critic, George Wein, featured in the

documentary "Rediscovering Dave Brubeck," gave me another perspective on

Brubeck's music. He discussed Brubeck and Desmond, though complete opposites,

played excellent together. Brubeck was the heart and soul of the music, and

Desmond communicated the music to the audience. One to never stick with the

norm, Brubeck always had a unique individual style that no other musician had.

"The Critics: Herb Wong." Interview by Hedrick Smith. PBS: Rediscovering Dave

Brubeck. PBS. Web. 15 Sept. 2013.

This interview with the critic Herb Wong by Hedrick Smith provided me with another

point of view of Brubeck's music and his initial reaction to it. He talks about how

he was amazed by Brubeck's music and how he could blend different sounds and

tones into his songs to show his deep understanding of jazz and originality.

"The Critics: Ira Gitler." Interview by Hedrick Smith. Rediscovering Dave Brubeck. PBS,

Web. 15 Sept. 2013.

This interview by Hedrick Smith with Ira Gitler, the former editor of Downbeat

Magazine and The Encyclopedia of Jazz, is featured in the documentary

"Rediscovering Dave Brubeck." Gitler, asked to review "Time Out," thought

"Take Five" was "boring, repetitive," while he liked "Blue Rondo a la Turk." He

talked about how the classic Brubeck quartet (Dave Brubeck, Paul Desmond, Joe

Morello, Eugene Wright) created something that had never been heard before,

something original and new. Gitler explains the reason why Brubeck's music was

so controversial among critics- because Brubeck came from a classical

background. This source provided me with another viewpoint of Brubeck's music.

"The Critics: Ted Gioia." Interview by Hedrick Smith. PBS: Rediscovering Dave Brubeck.

PBS. Web. 14 Sept. 2013.

This interview by Hedrick Smith with Ted Gioia provided me with a critic's point of view

of Dave Brubeck's music. It showed how Brubeck's music was unique and could

be set apart from other jazz groups. This interview gave me an excellent idea of

what his different groups throughout the years were like (Brubeck’s octet, trio,

and quartet). Gioia explained how Brubeck's music had something emotionally

and musically appealing about it, and his ability to take a popular melody and

make it into something completely new.

"The Ranch Years (Growing Up)." PBS. PBS, n.d. Web. 2 Feb. 2014.

This website provided me with much information on Brubeck's childhood and how that

inspired him to compose jazz works that had never been played before. The

familiar clip-clop of horses' hooves and rumbling of farm equipment spurred him

to compose works using polytonality and odd time signatures, such as 5/4 and 9/8

time meter. This was my most useful source on his childhood life.

United States. Cong. House. House of Representatives. By Hodes. 111st Cong., 2nd sess.

HR Res. 1283.

This source honored Dave Brubeck as not only a popular jazz musician, but also an

excellent diplomat for America by performing for many countries and leaders

around the world. It showed that Brubeck had done so much for the world in his

career. I used this to help me on the "Legacy" page of my website.

Werner, Craig. Telephone interview. 30 Oct. 2013.

This interview with Craig Werner, a music professor, provided me with some background

information on Dave Brubeck and was a good starting point for my project. He

discussed how Brubeck played music that was completely different from that of

his time, and was always outside of the box.

Willman, Chris. "When the World Was ‘Mad About Brubeck’: Dave Brubeck, 1920-

2012."Yahoo Music. Yahoo Music, 5 Dec. 2012. Web. 19 Mar. 2014.

This source showed how Dave Brubeck was an ambassador for not only jazz, but also

American diplomacy and civil rights. Brubeck talked about how famous

musicians of his time, such as Duke Ellington, Miles Davis, and Charles Mingus,

respected him very much for helping break boundaries in music. Brubeck could

take a theme from any genre of music and improvise on that, turning it into jazz.

He believed that this was the essence of jazz. This source helped me learn more

about Dave Brubeck's approach towards writing music and things he has done to

benefit the world.

Zahora, Jack. "Remembering The Vital Force Of Jazz Pianist Dave Brubeck." NPR. NPR,

5 Dec. 2012. Web. 3 Oct. 2013.

This NPR article on Dave Brubeck discussed his wild, creative way of playing, always

trying new rhythms and chords. Breaking countless boundaries, he still managed

to gain international fame and popularity. This article showed me the side of

Brubeck that always wanted to try new techniques; music contrary to what was

expected.

dave brubeck: jazz for human rights -...

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