database

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DATABASE DEFINIT ION OF (DATA BASE) APPLICATION PROGRAM =>A COMPUTER PROGRAM THAT INTERACT S WITH THE DAT ABASE BY ISSUI NG AN APPROPRIATE REQUEST (TYPICAL LY AN SQL STA TEMENT) TO THE DBMS => USERS INTERACT WITH THE DATA BASE THROUGH A NUMBER OF  A P P L I C A T I O N P R O G R A M S ( U S E D T O C R E A T E & M A I N T A I N THE DATABASE & WRITTEN IN SOME PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE TO GENERATE INFORMATION)  A database is an !"ani#$% ''$in %aa* T+$ %aa is ,-ia'', !"ani#$% .%$' !$'$/an as-$s !$a'i, (! $0a.-'$1 +$ a/ai'a2i'i , !.s in +$'s)1 in a 3a, +a s4--!s -!$ss$s !$54i!in" +is in!.ain (! $0a.-'$1 in%in" a +$' 3i+ /aani$s)*  A %aa2as$ is a ''$in   in!.ain +a is !"ani#$% s +a i an $asi', 2$ a$ss$%1 .ana"$%1 an% 4-%a$%* In n$ /i$31 %aa2as$s an 2$ 'assii$% a!%in" ,-$s n$n6 2i2'i"!a-+i 1 4''7$01 n4.$!i1 an% i.a"$s* In .-4in"1 %aa2as$s a!$ s.$i.$s 'assii$% a!%in" +$i! !"ani#ain a' a--!a+* T+$ .s -!$/a'$n a--!a+ is +$ !$'aina' %aa2as$1 a a24'a! %aa2as$ in 3+i+ %aa is %$in$% s +a i an 2$ !$!"ani#$% an% a$ss$% in a n4.2$! %i$!$n 3a,s* A %is!i2 4$% %aa2as$ is n$ +a an 2$ %is-$!s$% ! !$-'ia$% a.n" %i$!$n -ins in a n$3!8* An 29$7!i$n$% -!"!a..in" %aa2as$ is n$ +a is n"!4$n 3i+ +$ %aa %$in$% in 29$ 'ass$s an% s42'ass$s* C.-4$! %aa2as$s ,-ia'', nain a""!$ "ains %aa !$!%s ! i'$s1 s4+ as sa'$s !ansains1 -!%4 aa'"s an% in/$n!i$s1 an% 4s.$! -!i'$s* T,-ia'',1 a %aa2as$ .ana"$! -!/i%$s 4s$!s +$ a-a2i'ii$ s n!''in" !$a%:3!i$ a$ss1 s-$i,in" !$-! "$n$!ain1 an% ana',#in" 4sa"$* Daa2as$s an% %aa2as$ .ana"$!s a!$ -!$/a'$n in 'a!"$.ain!a.$ s,s$.s1 24 a!$ a's -!$s$n in s.a''$! %is!i24$% 3!8sain an% .i%7 !an"$ s,s$.s s4+ as +$ AS:;<< an% n -$!sna' .-4$!s* SQL (S!44!$% Q4$!, Lan"4a"$) is a san%a!% 'an"4a"$ ! .a8in" in$!ai/$ 54$!i$s !. an% 4-%ain" a %aa2as$ s4+ as IBMs DB1 Mi!ss SQL S$!/$! 1 an% %aa2as$ -!%4s !. O!a'$1 S,2as$1 an% C.-4$! Assia$s* database management system  A ''$in -!"!a.s +a $na2'$s ,4  s!$1 .%i,1 an% $0!a in!.ain !. a %aa2as$* T+$!$ a!$ .an, %i$!$n ,-$s DBMSs1 !an"in" !. s.a'' s,s$.s +a !4n n -$!sna' .-4$!s  +4"$ s,s$.s +a !4n n .ain!a.$s* T+$ ''3in" a!$ $0a.-'$s %aa2as$ a--'iains6  .-4$!i#$% 'i2!a!, s,s$.s a4.a$% $''$! .a+in$s  'i"+ !$s$!/ain s,s$.s .-4$!i#$% -a!s in/$n!, s,s$.s

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7/17/2019 Database

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/database-568f086f5a983 1/2

DATABASE

D E F I N I T I O N O F ( D A T AB A S E ) A P P L I C A T I O N P R O G R A M = > AC O M P U T E R P R O G R A M T H A T I N T E R A C T S W I T H T H E

D A TA B A S E B Y I S S U I N G A N A P P R O P R I A T E R E Q U E S T( T Y P I C A L L Y A N S Q L S T AT E M E N T ) T O T H E D B M S = > U S E R S

I N T E R A C T W I T H T H E D A T AB A S E T H R O U G H A N U M B E R O F A P P L I C A T I O N P R O G R A M S ( U S E D T O C R E A T E & M A I N T A I NT H E D A TA B A S E & W R I T T E N I N S O M E P R O G R A M M I N G

L A N G U A G E ◊ T O G E N E R A T E I N F O R M A T I O N )

 A database is an !"ani#$% ''$in %aa* T+$ %aa is ,-ia'', !"ani#$% .%$'

!$'$/an as-$s !$a'i, (! $0a.-'$1 +$ a/ai'a2i'i, !.s in +$'s)1 in a 3a, +a

s4--!s -!$ss$s !$54i!in" +is in!.ain (! $0a.-'$1 in%in" a +$' 3i+ /aani$s)*

 A %aa2as$ is a ''$in   in!.ain +a is !"ani#$% s +a i an $asi', 2$ a$ss$%1

.ana"$%1 an% 4-%a$%* In n$ /i$31 %aa2as$s an 2$ 'assii$% a!%in" ,-$s

n$n6 2i2'i"!a-+i1 4''7$01 n4.$!i1 an% i.a"$s*

In .-4in"1 %aa2as$s a!$ s.$i.$s 'assii$% a!%in" +$i! !"ani#aina'

a--!a+* T+$ .s -!$/a'$n a--!a+ is +$ !$'aina' %aa2as$1 a a24'a! %aa2as$ in

3+i+ %aa is %$in$% s +a i an 2$ !$!"ani#$% an% a$ss$% in a n4.2$! %i$!$n

3a,s* A %is!i24$% %aa2as$ is n$ +a an 2$ %is-$!s$% ! !$-'ia$% a.n" %i$!$n

-ins in a n$3!8* An 29$7!i$n$% -!"!a..in" %aa2as$ is n$ +a is n"!4$n 3i+

+$ %aa %$in$% in 29$ 'ass$s an% s42'ass$s*

C.-4$! %aa2as$s ,-ia'', nain a""!$"ains %aa !$!%s ! i'$s1 s4+ as sa'$s

!ansains1 -!%4 aa'"s an% in/$n!i$s1 an% 4s.$! -!i'$s* T,-ia'',1 a %aa2as$

.ana"$! -!/i%$s 4s$!s +$ a-a2i'ii$s n!''in" !$a%:3!i$ a$ss1 s-$i,in" !$-!

"$n$!ain1 an% ana',#in" 4sa"$* Daa2as$s an% %aa2as$ .ana"$!s a!$ -!$/a'$n in

'a!"$.ain!a.$ s,s$.s1 24 a!$ a's -!$s$n in s.a''$! %is!i24$% 3!8sain an% .i%7

!an"$ s,s$.s s4+ as +$ AS:;<< an% n -$!sna' .-4$!s* SQL (S!44!$% Q4$!,

Lan"4a"$) is a san%a!% 'an"4a"$ ! .a8in" in$!ai/$ 54$!i$s !. an% 4-%ain" a

%aa2as$ s4+ as IBMs DB1 Mi!ss SQL S$!/$! 1 an% %aa2as$ -!%4s

!. O!a'$1 S,2as$1 an% C.-4$! Assia$s*

database management system

 A ''$in -!"!a.s +a $na2'$s ,4  s!$1 .%i,1 an% $0!a in!.ain !.a %aa2as$* T+$!$ a!$ .an, %i$!$n ,-$s DBMSs1 !an"in" !.s.a'' s,s$.s +a !4n n -$!sna' .-4$!s  +4"$ s,s$.s +a !4n n .ain!a.$s* T+$''3in" a!$ $0a.-'$s %aa2as$ a--'iains6

  .-4$!i#$% 'i2!a!, s,s$.s

• a4.a$% $''$! .a+in$s

  'i"+ !$s$!/ain s,s$.s

• .-4$!i#$% -a!s in/$n!, s,s$.s

7/17/2019 Database

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/database-568f086f5a983 2/2

F!. a $+nia' san%-in1 DBMSs an %i$! 3i%$',* T+$$!.s relational 1network 1 flat, an% hierarchical a'' !$$! +$ 3a, a DBMS !"ani#$sin!.ain in$!na'',* T+$ in$!na' !"ani#ain an a$ +3 54i8', an% '$0i2', ,4 an$0!a in!.ain*R$54$ss ! in!.ain !. a %aa2as$ a!$ .a%$ in +$ !. a query 1 3+i+ is as,'i#$% 54$sin* F! $0a.-'$1 +$ 54$!,SELECT ALL WHERE NAME = ?SMITH? AND AGE > @!$54$ss a'' !$!%s in 3+i+ +$ NAME i$'% is SMITH an% +$ AGE i$'% is "!$a$! +an @*T+$ s$ !4'$s ! ns!4in" 54$!i$s is 8n3n as a query language* Di$!$nDBMSs s4--! %i$!$n 54$!, 'an"4a"$s1 a'+4"+ +$!$ is a s$.i7san%a!%i#$% 54$!,'an"4a"$ a''$% SQL (structured query language)* S-+isia$% 'an"4a"$s ! .ana"in"%aa2as$ s,s$.s a!$ a''$% fourth-generation languages1 ! 4GLs! s+!*T+$ in!.ain !. a %aa2as$ an 2$ -!$s$n$% in a /a!i$,   !.as* Ms DBMSsin'4%$ a reort writer   rogram +a $na2'$s ,4 4-4 %aa in +$ !. a !$-!* Man,DBMSs a's in'4%$ a "!a-+is.-n$n +a $na2'$s ,4 4-4 in!.ain in +$ !. "!a-+s an% +a!s*