data pump utility
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DATA PUMP Utility
Starting with Oracle 10g, Oracle has introduced an enhanced version of EXPORT and IMPORT utility known as DATAPUMP. Data Pump is similar to EXPORT and IMPORT utility but it has many advantages. Some of the advantages are:
Most Data Pump export and import operations occur on the Oracle database server. i.e. all the dump files are createthe server even if you run the Data Pump utility from client machine. This results in increased performance becauseis not transferred through network.
You can Stop and Re-Start export and import jobs. This is particularly useful if you have started an export or importand after some time you want to do some other urgent work.
The ability to detach from and reattach to long-running jobs without affecting the job itself. This allows DBAs andoperations personnel to monitor jobs from multiple locations.
The ability to estimate how much space an export job would consume, without actually performing the export
Support for an interactive-command mode that allows monitoring of and interaction with ongoing jobs
Using Data Pump Export Utility
To Use Data Pump, DBA has to create a directory in Server Machine and create a Directory Object in the database mappithe directory created in the file system.
The following example creates a directory in the filesystem and creates a directory object in the database and grants privilon the Directory Object to the SCOTT user.
$mkdir my_dump_dir$sqlplusEnter User:/ as sysdbaSQL>create directory data_pump_dir as ‘/u01/oracle/my_dump_dir’;
Now grant access on this directory object to SCOTT user
SQL> grant read,write on directory data_pump_dir to scott;
Example of Exporting a Full Database
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To Export Full Database, give the following command
$expdp scott/tiger FULL=y DIRECTORY=data_pump_dir DUMPFILE=full.dmpLOGFILE=myfullexp.log JOB_NAME=myfullJob
The above command will export the full database and it will create the dump file full.dmp in the directory on theserver /u01/oracle/my_dump_dir
In some cases where the Database is in Terabytes the above command will not feasible since the dump file size will belarger than the operating system limit, and hence export will fail. In this situation you can create multiple dump files bytyping the following command
$expdp scott/tiger FULL=y DIRECTORY=data_pump_dir DUMPFILE=full%U.dmpFILESIZE=5G LOGFILE=myfullexp.log JOB_NAME=myfullJob
This will create multiple dump files named full01.dmp, full02.dmp, full03.dmp and so on. The FILESIZE parameter specifies how much larger the dump file should be.
Example of Exporting a Schema
To export all the objects of SCOTT’S schema you can run the following export data pump command.
$expdp scott/tiger DIRECTORY=data_pump_dir DUMPFILE=scott_schema.dmpSCHEMAS=SCOTT
You can omit SCHEMAS since the default mode of Data Pump export is SCHEMAS only.
If you want to export objects of multiple schemas you can specify the following command
$expdp scott/tiger DIRECTORY=data_pump_dir DUMPFILE=scott_schema.dmpSCHEMAS=SCOTT,HR,ALI
Exporting Individual Tables using Data Pump Export
You can use Data Pump Export utility to export individual tables. The following example shows the syntax to exporttables
$expdp hr/hr DIRECTORY=dpump_dir1 DUMPFILE=tables.dmp
TABLES=employees,jobs,departments
Exporting Tables located in a Tablespace
If you want to export tables located in a particular tablespace you can type the following command
$expdp hr/hr DIRECTORY=dpump_dir1 DUMPFILE=tbs.dmp
TABLESPACES=tbs_4, tbs_5, tbs_6
The above will export all the objects located in tbs_4,tbs_5,tbs_6
Excluding and Including Objects during Export
You can exclude objects while performing a export by using EXCLUDE option of Data Pump utility. For example youare exporting a schema and don’t want to export tables whose name starts with “A” then you can type the followingcommand
$expdp scott/tiger DIRECTORY=data_pump_dir DUMPFILE=scott_schema.dmp
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SCHEMAS=SCOTT EXCLUDE=TABLE:”like ‘A%’”
Then all tables in Scott’s Schema whose name starts with “A “ will not be exported.
Similarly you can also INCLUDE option to only export certain objects like this
$expdp scott/tiger DIRECTORY=data_pump_dir DUMPFILE=scott_schema.dmpSCHEMAS=SCOTT INCLUDE=TABLE:”like ‘A%’”
This is opposite of EXCLUDE option i.e. it will export only those tables of Scott’s schema whose name starts with “A”
Similarly you can also exclude INDEXES, CONSTRAINTS, GRANTS, USER, SCHEMA
Using Query to Filter Rows during Export
You can use QUERY option to export only required rows. For Example, the following will export only those rows of employees tables whose salary is above 10000 and whose dept id is 10.
expdp hr/hr QUERY=emp:'"WHERE dept_id > 10 AND sal > 10000"'
NOLOGFILE=y DIRECTORY=dpump_dir1 DUMPFILE=exp1.dmp
Suspending and Resuming Export Jobs (Attaching and Re-Attaching to the Jobs)
You can suspend running export jobs and later on resume these jobs or kill these jobs using Data Pump Export. You canstart a job in one client machine and then, if because of some work, you can suspend it. Afterwards when your work has
been finished you can continue the job from the same client, where you stopped the job, or you can restart the job fromanother client machine.
For Example, suppose a DBA starts a full database export by typing the following command at one client machineCLNT1 by typing the following command
$expdp scott/tiger@mydb FULL=y DIRECTORY=data_pump_dirDUMPFILE=full.dmp LOGFILE=myfullexp.log JOB_NAME=myfullJob
After some time, the DBA wants to stop this job temporarily. Then he presses CTRL+C to enter into interactive mode.Then he will get the Export> prompt where he can type interactive commands
Now he wants to stop this export job so he will type the following command
Export> STOP_JOB=IMMEDIATEAre you sure you wish to stop this job ([y]/n): y
The job is placed in a stopped state and exits the client.
After finishing his other work, the DBA wants to resume the export job and the client machine from where he actuallystarted the job is locked because, the user has locked his/her cabin. So now the DBA will go to another client machine andhe reattach to the job by typing the following command
$expdp hr/hr@mydb ATTACH=myfulljob
After the job status is displayed, he can issue the CONTINUE_CLIENT command to resume logging mode and restart themyfulljob job.
Export> CONTINUE_CLIENT
A message is displayed that the job has been reopened, and processing status is output to the client.
Note: After reattaching to the Job a DBA can also kill the job by typing KILL_JOB, if he doesn’t want to continue withthe export job.
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