data on workers' health for latin america … iv questionnaire ... source : ministry of labour,...

Report

on

DATA ON WORKERS' HEALTH FOR LATIN AMERICA & THE CARIBBEAN

Jamaica

Prepared For: The Pan American/World Health Organization

By: Mirande Richards

Date August 20, 1997

Table of Contents

1.0 Data on the Economy1.1 Total Population1.2 Total GDP By Economic Activity1.3 Minimum Wage1.4 & 1.6 Average Wage By Economic Sectors1.5 Cost of the home Intake2.0 Characteristics of the Workforce2.1, 2.4, 2.8 Workforce By Sex & Age - Annual Average2.9 Total Children & Teenage Workers2.2, 2.3 Workforce - Employed Average2.6 Urban & Rural EAP2.7 Workforce - Employed Average By Economic Activity2.10 Workforce - Employed Average By Size of Companies2.11 Establishments By Size - Total & Percentage3.0 Organization of Care in Occupational Health and Coverage3.1 Structure of Health Coverage for the Whole Country and Percentage3.2 General Roles in Occupational Health Established by Law3.3 Bid for Occupational Health Insurance of Company used and Bid amounts & Percentage3.4 Direct and Indirect Beneficiaries3.5 Description of Existence of Occupational Health Program and Activities4.0 Types of Services and Compensation that Provide Occ. Health Services Providers4.1 Institutions that offer Services4.4 Special Regimen of Occ. Health of Occupational Accidents and Diseases4.5 Number of Workers Covered by Occupational Health Insurance4.6 Types of Recognized Occupational Accidents4.7 Subsidies and Pensions4.8 Subsidies or Pensions - Employee Injury Benefits4.9 Number of Workers and Hours/Days of Disability4.10 Average Days of Disability per Worker4.11 Average Amount of Subsidies or Pensions per Worker5.0 Situation of Occupational Accidents and Occupational Diseases5.1 Registry of Occupational Accidents and Occupational Diseases5.2 Number of Workers and Fatal Occupational Accidents, subsidies and administration5.3 By Fatal Occupational Accidents5.4 Occupational Accidents5.5 Distribution of the Cost of Treatment, Compensation, Subsidies, Administration

of Occupational Accidents5.6 Number of Occupational Diseases Registered5.7 Distribution of the Cost of Treatment, Compensation, Subsidies, Administration

of Occupational Diseases5.8 Life Expectancy5.9 General Retirement Age6.0 Costs of Occupational Accidents and Occupational Diseases6.1 Direct & Indirect Estimated Costs6.2 Promoting Prevention of Accidents7.0 Policies Developed in the Country

APPENDICES

Appendix I Data SourcesAppendix II Additional Notes On Structure of the National Health Care SystemAppendix I List of Occupational DiseasesAppendix II Disability Qualification TableAppendix III Insurance Coverage for WorkersAppendix IV QuestionnaireAppendix V Organizations to which Questionnaires were Distributed

1.0 Data on the Economy

DATA ON WORKERS' HEALTH FOR LATIN AMERICA & THE CARIBBEAN - Jamaica

3

1.1 Total Population of the Country (1996)

Age GenderMales Females Total

Total 1,259,518 1,268,178 2,527,696

0-4 146,839 142,821 289,6605-9 130,351 128,513 258,86410-14 130,934 131,738 262,67215-19 122,215 122,590 244,80520-24 121,309 121,504 242,81325-29 113,282 114,930 228,21230-34 104,695 101,765 206,46035-39 85,501 86,226 171,72440-44 64,630 64,397 129,02745-49 49,149 48,787 97,93650-54 42,751 40,906 83,65755-59 36,577 33,971 70,54860+ 111,285 130,030 241,315

Source:Statistical Institute of Jamaica


4

1.2 Total GDP by Economic Activity

Total GDP (1996)

Economic Activity Current Prices Constant Prices % ContributionJ$ J$ to GDP At Constant Prices

I. GOODS 86,383,904,000 8,091,108,000 45.0

Agriculture, Forestry & Fishing 16,869,746,000 1,519,080,000 8.4Mining & Quarrying 11,914,802,000 1,682,843,000 9.4Manufacturing 34,001,142,000 3,257,552,000 18.1Construction & Installation 23,598,214,000 1,631,633,000 9.1

II. SERVICES 132,064,587,000 13,796,084,000 76.7

Electricity & Water 4,239,123,000 893,362,000 5.0Transportation,Storage & Communication 21,622,530,000 2,459,093,000 13.7Distributive Trade 45,812,007,000 4,064,520,000 22.6Financial Institutions 18,554,030,000 2,600,479,000 15.0Real Estate Services 9,467,623,000 1,612,638,000 9.0Producers of Govt. Services 23,052,907,000 1,212,965,000 6.7Hotels, Restaurants, Clubs 3,746,202,000 411,898,000 2.3Other Misc. Services 4,229,092,000 344,362,000 1.9Households & Private Non-profit 1,341,073,000 107,037,000 0.6

III. LESS IMPUTED SERV. CHARGES 16,310,813,000 3,900,114,000 21.7

TOTAL GDP 202,137,678,000 17,987,078,000 100.0

Source: Statistical Institute of Jamaica


5

1.3 Minimum Wage

As of July 1, 1996 the national minimum wage was set at JA$800/US$23 per 40-hour work week.

Source : Ministry of Labour, Social Security & Sports - Minimum Wage Section

1.4& Average Wage By Economic Sectors1.6

Average Earnings Per Week ofAll Employed Persons in **Large

Establishments, by Economic Sectors

Economic Sector Average Earnings Per WeekFirst Three Quarter (1996)

Mining J$7,098Electricity, Gas & Water 7,694Manufacturing 3,028Construction 3,469Trade, Hotels & Restaurants 2,918Financing, Insurance, Real Estate& Business Services 5,469Community, Social & Personal Services 3,169

ALL SECTORS J$4,107

NB ** Large Establishments are deemed to be companies employing twenty (20) or more persons. However,establishments with as little as ten (10) workers are included in the definition of "Large establishments",in special circumstances. Special circumstances are those instances when an establishment whichpreviously had a workforce of 20 or more persons reduces its numbers without reducingcapacity/production load or major activity.


1.5 Cost of the home intake (earned salary of one or both head of the family)

Data Not Available

2.0 Characteristics of the Work Force


6

2.1, 2,4 & 2.8 Workforce By Sex & Age - Annual Average (1996)

Total Workforce Employed Labour Force Unemployed Lab. ForceN %

TOTAL 1,142,700 959,800 183,000 16.3

14-19 90,500 47,30020-24 207,900 148,42525-34 349,200 300,57535-44 211,500 193,45045-54 134,500 126,67555-64 90,200 85,95065 & Over 58,300 57,400

Male 614,600 553,300 61,300 10.6

14-19 52,100 34,275 20-24 107,500 87,925 25-34 176,900 163,400 35-44 110,300 105,500 45-54 75,000 72,200 55-64 53,300 51,250 65 & Over 39,500 38,825

Female 528,200 406,500 121,600 23.1

14-19 38,400 13,02520-24 100,400 60,50025-34 172,300 137,20035-44 101,200 88,00045-54 59,500 54,47555-64 36,900 34,70065 & Over 19,500 18,575

2.9 Total of Children & Teenage Workers

a) Total Children No Data. Labour laws prohibit hiring of children.

b) Total Teenage Workers1995 1996

Both Sexes Male Females Both Sexes Male Female

14 - 15 3,623 2,750 875 3,475 2,423 1,05016 - 17 24,725 15,600 9,125 23,225 14,450 8,77518 - 19 67,525 36,700 39,825 63,825 35,275 28,550

NB. Totals may be distorted due to rounding.Source:Statistical Institute of Jamaica

2.2 & 2.3 EAP By Formal, Informal Sector

No Data Available, however, data for employment status indicate formal and informal sectors


7

Employment Status Annual Average

Paid Government Employee 91,500Paid Non-Govt. Employee 478,400Unpaid Worker 23,500Employer 21,900Own Account Worker* 337,800

* includes homeworkers i.e. employees whose employment status has changed from that of "paidemployee"


2.6 Urban & Rural EAP

Not distinguishable

2.7 EAP by Economic Activity

Industry/Sector Annual Average

TOTAL 959,800

I. GOODS PRODUCING 405,200Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing 217,300Mining 6,300Manufacturing 100,400Construction 81,200

II. SERVICES 553,800Transport, Storage & Communication 48,300Financing, Insurance, Real Estate & Business Services 54,500Community, Social & Personal Services 245,000Electricity, Gas & Water 6,900Wholesale & Retail, Hotels & Restaurant Services 199,000

III. INDUSTRIES NOT SPECIFIED 800

Source:Planning Institute of Jamaica (calculated from data supplied by Statistical Institute of Jamaica

2.10 EAP By Size of Companies

Data Not Available

2.11 Establishments By Size - Total Number & Percentage

Economic Activity Employment Size Groups


8

10 - 49 50 + All Size GroupsN % N % N %

All Sectors 1672 100.0 525 100.2 2197 100.0

Mining 3 0.2 4 0.8 7 0.3Manufacturing 574 34.4 239 45.5 813 37.0Electricity, Gas & Steam,Water Works & Supply 0 0.0 2 0.2 2 0.1Construction 105 6.3 15 2.9 120 5.5Trade, Hotels, Restaurant 531 31.8 110 21.0 641 29.2Transport, Storage & Communications 116 6.9 31 6.6 144 6.6Financing, Ins., Real Estate& Business Services 182 10.9 99 18.9 281 12.8Community, Social & PersonalServices (excl. PrivateEducational Services) 161 9.6 25 4.8 186 8.5

Source: Statistical Institute of Jamaica


9

3.0 Organization of Care in Occupational Health and Coverage

3.1 Structure of the Health Coverage for the Whole Country and Percentage

There is no formal organization of occupational health, notwithstanding provisions of the Public Health Act. In Jamaica the main focus has been safety. Thegeneral structure is as follows :

Agency Current Activities Coverage Remarks

Min of HealthEnv. Control Division Inspection of worksites: Country - All Integrated with env. health, utilizing a network

of pub. health inspectors. 6 inspectors & 1Nursing Supervisor have responsibility forOH.- For Health Hazards establishments

Min of Labour, Soc.Sec. & SportsIndustrial Safety Section Inspection of worksites Country - Establishments Headed by a Director. The

Data Collation & Analysis registered as factories cadre is >10 inspectors. Physical hazards arethe main focus.

Social Security -NIS Unit Review & Payment of Claims Country - All establishmentsfor Employment Injuries including farmsData Collation & Analysis

Min of Agriculture & MiningMining & Geology Dept. Inspection of Mines Mining & Quarry, Bauxite mining industry, (4

Data Collation & Analysis mining industry companies), is the focus. OHAnnual Awards for Safety Performance is included in the Awards points system.

SEE ALSO APPENDIX II


10

3.2 General Roles In Occupational Health Established by Law for :

I Ministry of Labour Social Security & Sports

a) Social Security Division

Agency/Section National Insurance Office.The Law National Insurance Act, Sections 15-19, 54-55Scope - Geographical National

Economic Sector All Sectors

The Role

The National Insurance Section is one of nine branches in the Social Security Division of the Ministry. The unitmanages Employment Injury Benefits, processing claims in relation to work related injuries or illnesses, groupedas follows :

Sections 15 - 20 of the Act addresses "Benefit Attributable to Injury or Disease in Employment". The Act :

* defines employment accident, benefits as a result of employment injury (Section 15)* prescribes occupational diseases.

In keeping with its mandate the NIS Unit provides the following employment injury benefits for :

* Temporary Incapacity. Benefits are paid up to 52 weeks at 75% of insurable wage.

* Medical Treatment. Fees are paid for treatment received at an approved hospital or medical clinic.

* Disablement. Benefits paid are based on the percentage disablement determined by a medical doctor whois guided by the schedule of Prescribed Degrees of Disablement.

Death Benefits are paid if injuries are fatal, to a spouse or other prescribed persons.

b) Labour Division

Agency/Section Industrial Safety SectionThe Law The Factories Act (1968) & Factories Regulations (1970, Rev 1976)Scope - Geographical National

Economic SectorFactories; Transportation, Storage & Communications (Docks & Ships); ConstructionNB. All sectors will be covered under the new Occupational Safety and Health Act which will be placed

before Cabinet soon.

The Role

The Industrial Safety Section is responsible for the administration of the Factories Act and Regulations. The sectionfunctions through Factories Inspectors who, unlike Public Health Inspectors, have power of entry. The PermanentSecretary, in the Ministry, is the Chief Factories Inspector. The section is headed by a Director who manages theunit.

The Factories Regulations address safety concerns in factories. Part III sections 59 - 77 specifically addressesHealth & Welfare requiring managers, inter alia, to :

* implement effective housekeeping (Section 59)* prevent overcrowding and ensure adequate ventilation and lighting (Section 60 63)


11

* provision of First Aid (Section 72)* ensure protection from dust, fume or other "impurity" likely to be injurious Section 74 - 77)

II Ministry of Health

a) Agency/Section Environmental Control DivisionThe Law The Public Health Act (1985, Rev 1991)Scope - Geographical National

Economic SectorAll Sectors

The Role

The Environmental Control Division (ECD), has responsibility for a wide range of environmental activities includingsanitation, water quality, food hygiene and building integrity as it relates to health. The division also hasresponsibility for Occupational Health (OH), hence will have the responsibility of supervising the implementationOH regulations, prescribed by the Public Health Act Sect. 14.1 (f) and monitoring compliance. These regulationsare still at the draft stage. Notwithstanding, Public Health Inspectors, currently inspect establishments to identifyemployment health hazards and recommend corrective measures. Coverage is country-wide.

The Draft Regulations include provisions for:

* notification of Occupational Diseases Section 4 (a), (b)* establishing standards for ventilation; lighting; control of noise, dust, fumes, etc. Section 6 (a)* personal protective devices Section 7

b) Agency/Section Pesticides Control AuthorityThe Law Pesticides (1975, Revised 1987) & Regulations (1996)Scope - Geographical National

Economic SectorAgriculture; Chemical Manufacturing; Community, Social & Personal Service(Pest Control); Wholesale & Retail Trade; Transport, Storage &Communication

The Role

While not explicitly empowered to perform occupational health functions, the inherent of prescribed functionsaddress occupational health concerns. Section 4 of the Act prescribes the functions of the Pesticides ControlAuthority (PCA) which cover :

* registration of pesticides* licensing persons who import or manufacture registered pesticides* licensing pest control operators

Section 14 addresses prohibited pesticides (importation and use) while section 16 prescribes regulations in relationto:

* medical examination for pest control operators and employees* labelling, packaging, storage, transportation, use and disposal of pesticides and packages* keeping and provision of records* protective clothing and the obligations of employers* prescribing permissible levels

Section 18 prescribes the powers and duties of inspectors including power of entry including premises and vehicles.

The PCA collaborates with existing agencies in fulfilling some of its roles including:


12

* Rural Agricultural Development Agency (RADA) in collecting data for the evaluation of residue analysisRADA also advises on pesticides to be registered by Pest Control Authority.

* Distributors in educating about the use of products* Pharmacy Council in licensing Retailers of Hazardous Chemicals (under the Dangerous Drugs Act). The

Council currently registers all such chemicals.* The Jamaica Bureau of Standards in the analysis of pesticide samples.* Ministry of Agriculture :

Veterinary Division regarding pesticides used in control of pest infestation of animals.Research & Development Division in the assessment of pesticides

III Companies With Own Service

a) Agency/Section Companies in the Mining & Quarries SectorThe Law Mining & Quarries Act & Regulations (1977)

The Role

Companies in the Mining & Quarries industry are required to inter alia :

* provide appropriate first aid facilities managed by "competent" (nurse, medical doctor, certified First Aider)persons.

* have pre-employment and periodic medical examinations for all regularly employed workers* be guided by standards (TLVs for dust fumes, mists, gases, vapours, etc.);

* Report on Occupational Injuries

However, reports received and processed by this agency, are from the Bauxite mining sector. Annual awards arepresented for safety performance within the sector.

b) Agency/Section FactoriesThe Law The Factories Act (1973) & Regulations (1976)

Role

The Factories Regulations addresses safety, health & welfare concerns in factories. Part III sections 59 - 77specifically addresses Health & Welfare requiring managers to, inter alia :

* implement effective housekeeping (Section 59)* prevent overcrowding and ensure adequate ventilation and lighting (Section 60 63)* provision of First Aid (Section 72)* ensure protection from dust, fume or other "impurity" likely to be injurious Section 74 - 77)

IV Insurance/Private Services

a) Agency General Insurance CompaniesThe Law Not Applicable. The Insurance Act (1971) & Regulations (1972) control the

operation of General Insurance Companies. They do not specify OH concerns.The Companies, however, are third party risk takers in relation to employersliability against claims as a result of employment injuries considered a result ofemployers' negligence.


13

Scope - Geographical National- Economic Sector All sectors

The Role

Providers of insurance regarding "Employers Liability".

b) Agency Life Insurance CompaniesThe Law The Insurance Act (1971) & Regulations (1972) govern the operations of the

Companies, rather than prescribing for OH. Life Insurance Companies provideGroup Personal Accident and Health Insurance coverage for employees.

Scope - Geographical National - Economic Sector All Sectors

The Role

Providers of Group Health and Personal Accident Insurance to businesses.

V Others

a) Ministry of Agriculture & Mining

The Agency Mines & Geology Division - Ministry of AgricultureThe Law Mining Act Section 99 provides for Regulations governing occupational health and safety

in mines and quarries

Scope - Geographical NationalEconomic SectorMining & Quarry

The Role

Supervision of the implementation of the Mining (Safety & Health) Regulations (1977) and inspection of mining &quarrying activities. The Regulations requires that mining establishments to, inter alia :* provide appropriate first aid facilities managed by "competent" (nurse, medical doctor, certified

First Aider) persons.* have pre-employment and periodic medical examinations for all regularly employed workers* be guided by standards (TLVs for dust fumes, mists, gases, vapours, etc.);

* Report on Occupational Injuries

b) Ministry of Industry, Investment & Commerce

The Agency The Jamaica Bureau of StandardsLawScope - Geographical National

Industrial Sector All Sectors

Role

2

The role of the Jamaica Bureau of Standards is to establish standards for manufactured products. Theprocess of developing standards is facilitated through committees established by the Standards Council.One such committee is the Industrial Safety Committee. The committee's focus is developing standardsfor products such as personal protective equipment. More recently a sub committee was convened todevelop the Occupational Health Management Systems Standard, which will be implemented soon.

3.3 Bid for occupational health insurance of companies, used and Bid amounts and percentage

a) There is no insurance specific to occupational health, however, the following types of insuranceprovide some coverage for workers :

Type of Coverage Group Covered

i Group Health For employees and dependentsii Group Life For employeesiii Personal Accident Includes employeesiv Employers Liability Includes employees

b) CoverageIn the absence of specific data Group Insurance data could be used as a measure foroccupational health coverage. See Appendix III for details regarding Insurance Coverage forworkers 1994 - 1996.

NB Data for group insurance are not available from a single source and difficult to retrieve fromindividual companies due to the manner in which stored and end use by the companies. Hence,it was extremely difficult to obtain annual summaries

3.4 Direct & Indirect Beneficiaries & Number without Coverage

Data Not Available

3.5 Brief description of existence of an occupational health programme and activities

1. Ministry of HealthNot Known

2. Ministry of Labour

Industrial Safety DivisionNo programme

3. Private InsuranceThe companies to which questionnaires were distributed indicated that no Occupational HealthProgrammes were developed (neither in the capacity as employers nor service providers). However, onecompany reported activities in relation to disaster preparedness/emergency response

4. Companies (1 subsidiary of a multinational corporation, responded)Programmes reported were:

a) Health Surveillance - Pre-employment & Periodic Medical Examb) Industrial Hygiene - Identification, assessment & reduction of job hazardsc) First Aid & Curative for injury and illness

5. Labour Organizations The Umbrella Organization for Labour Unions reported having Environmental/OccupationalHealth & Safety Education programme

3

6. Universities - University of the West Indies (UWI)

a) Academic - Department of Community Health & PsychiatryEducation & Training programmeHealth Promotion programme

b) Personnel DepartmentA programme has been developed and the following activities initiated:

- Health & Safety Committee established- Safety Policy booklet written & circulated- A lecturer assigned the responsibility for laboratory safety

7. NGOs

a) Occupational Health Nurses Association of Jamaica

Has no programme. However, the association has developed a curriculum for a programme of study inOccupational Health and has had discussions with the Department of Advanced Nursing Education, UWI to havethe programme introduced in that Department.

b) Jamaican Association of Safety Professionals

Holds annual conferences and one day seminars for members. Has developed a research project for which fundingis being sought.

8. Others

a) Dept. of Mines & GeologyProgrammes administered under the Mining (Safety & Health) Regulations

- Reporting- Inspection- Investigation- Incentive Awards

4.0 Types of Services and Compensation that Provide Occupational Health Services Providers

4.1 Institutions which offer services in relation to Promotion, Prevention, Treatment & Rehabilitation.

Very few institutions provide services specifically for occupational health. The following organizations reported/areknown to provide related occupational health services :

a) Promotion - Dept. of Mines & Geology; Industrial Safety Division; University (UWI); Trade UnionCentre; CARHEPS Occupational Health & Safety Consultants

b) Prevention - Dept. of Mines & Geology; Industrial Safety Division; University (UWI); CARHEPSOccupational Health & Safety Consultants

c) Treatment - Companies that employ nurses, Life & Group Health Insurance Companies; GeneralInsurance Companies; University (UWI)

d) Rehabilitation - Not indicated by any of the institutions responding to the questionnaires

4

e) Compensation - Social Security Division of the Ministry of Labour Social Security & Sports; General &Life Insurance Companies; University (UWI)

4.4 Special Regimen of Occupational Health or of Occupational Accidents and Diseases

National Insurance General Insurance Co. Life Insurance Co.

Occ. Injury: Employers Liability Group Personal AccidentMedical Treatment *Group Health InsuranceTemporary IncapacityDisablementDeath

* While Health Insurance is expected to cover all health related problems, it is difficult to separate work-relatedproblems from those derived from non-occupational sources. Also, health insurance benefits contribute to coveringsome costs related to treating work-related injury/illness.

4.5 Number of Workers Covered by Occupational Health Insurance

Insurance 1993 1994 1995 1996

Health Insurance 79,055 75,185 88,745 At Print

Personal Accident (Policies Sold 2,614 1,762 452 At Printdata on No. of workers not available)Employers' Liability D a t a N o t A v a i l a b l eNIS/Employment Injury Benefit Average is 600,000 annually

Sources: Life Insurance Companies Association (LICA) (Four Companies)Statistics Unit - Social Security Division

NB A fifth major carrier of health insurance covers a total of more than 80,000 persons (beneficiariesare not included in this total

4.6 Types of recognized occupational accidents

Data were available for the bauxite industry only.

. Bauxite Mining

Distribution of Injuries By Accident Cause 1994

ccident Cause Lost Time CasesAll Injuries Percentage of Lost Time Percentage of Total

1994 1995 1996 1994 1995 1996 1994 1995 1996 1994 1995 1996ncorrect posture 1 8 4 30 26 19 14.28 53.33 30.77 47.62 61.9 38.0riving Error 1 0 2 2 0 3 14.28 0.0 15.38 3.17 0.0 6.0ailure to Wear PPE 0 0 0 8 2 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 12.7 4.76 2.0

Other 5 7 7 23 14 27 71.43 46.66 53.85 36.51 33.33 54.0

Other classifications used

- Type of accident e.g. disabling, medical- Location of accident e.g. production area, mining area

5

- Body part e.g. eye- Nature of Injury e.g. fracture, caustic burns- Accident source e.g. equipment defect,

Source: Mines & Geology Division- Ministry of Agriculture & Mining

2. Industrial Safety Section - Ministry of Labour, Soc. Security & Sports for factories.

- International Standard Classification used by the ILO

3. Other

The other Six (6) organizations responding to the questionnaire indicated that they had no system ofclassifying occupational accidents as related data were not collected.

4.7 Subsidies or Pensions

National Insurance - Employment Injury Benefits (EIB). There is an average of 600,000 contributors to the NationalInsurance Scheme (NIS), annually.

Number of Claims Settled Amount Paid

**Pensions/Subsidies 1994 1995 1996 1994 1995 1996

Medical Care 227 253 207 JA$ 181,000 200,000 370,000US$ 5,172 5,714 10,571

Temporary Disability 2,694 1,603 1,152 JA$ 1,717,000 760,000 800,000US$ 49,057 21,714 22,857

Permanent Disability 367 22 21 JA$ 3,612,000 4,630,000 4,890,000US$ 103,200 132,286 139,714

Fatal Occ. Accident 0 0 1 JA$ 87,000 50,000 30,000US$ 2,486 1,429 857

Fatal Work Disease D a t a N o t A v a i l a b l eTOTAL 3,288 1,878 1,381 5,597,000 5,640,000 6,090,000

** There is usually a time lag between submission of claims & payment of benefits. Hence, theamount paid in any one year may not be representative of benefits for injuries sustained in thatyear.

Source:Social Security - Employment Injury Benefits Branch

4.8 Subsidies or Pensions, Employment Injury Benefit

Duration of Payment Pension Amount/% of Wage for the Worker Paid By

Temporary Disability 75% of insurable wage** up to 52 weeks NIS

Permanent Disability*** Based on Schedule life NIS

Fatal Occ. Accident 75% of insurable wage *52 weeks NIS

6

Fatal Work Disease 75% of insurable wage *52 weeks NIS

Employers Liability Data not Available Not Available General Ins Co

NB

* Paid to the spouse or a dependent mother aged 55 or over or to a person caring for a child/children under the ageof 18 years. Maximum payable is JA$735 per week

** That portion of wages on which NIS deductions are calculated e.g. the current ceiling is J$250,000

*** Disability is assessed at 10-100%. The benefit is then calculated at the percent disability times 75% of insurablewage. E.g. For disability of 10% the benefit would be 10% x (75% of insurable wage).

Source:Social Security - Employment Injury Benefit Branch

4.9, Number of workers, hours or days of disability, average days of disability4.10, per worker,average amount of subsidies/pensions per worker(of three previous4.11 years

Data were available for the Mining Industry only.

Time Period1. Bauxite Mining

Disability Factors 1994 1995 1996

No. of Workers 7 15 13

No. of Man-days Lost 316 832 7,177 (includes 1 fatality)

Average days of disability/worker 45.14 55.46 552.02

Average amount of subsidies or N O T A V A I L A B L Epensions/worker

Source:Mines & Geology Division- Ministry of Agriculture & Mining

Data were not not available for other sectors.

5.0 Situation of Occupational Accidents & Occupational Diseases

5.1 Registry of Occupational Accidents & Occupational Diseases

Registry Coverage Responsible Institution

7

Occupational Accidents Yes Occ. Accidents Ind. Safety Div. MOL

Occupational Diseases No N/A NIS Office

Data Utilization. Data is used by the Industrial Safety Division to determine and assign risk to establishments.

5.2 Number of Workers and Fatal Occupational Accidents

a) Fatal Accidents

Economic Activity Accidents Workers94 95 96 94 95 96

Agriculture ** ** ** ** ** **Mining 0 0 1 5,078 4,781 4,840Manufacturing * 1 1 47,431 48,513 47,856Construction * 0 3 ** ** **Electricity, Gas & Water * 0 1 1,134 1,094 1,028Transport, Storage& Communication * 0 1 1,941 2,605 2,701Trade 0 0 0 1,337 1,418 1,539Community, Social & Personal Services 0 0 0 806 808 1,170

TOTAL 1 1 7 57,727 59,219 59,134

5.3 Distribution of the compensating cost, subsidies and administration of fatal occupational accidents(total cost and percentage)

Data were not accessible. Main reason given was that related information was fragmented and/or paper-based and difficult to retrieve.

5.4 Occupational Accidents

Economic Activity Accidents Workers94 95 96 94 95 96

Agriculture ** ** ** ** ** **Manufacturing * 151 172 47,431 48,513 47,856Construction * 1 5 * * *Electricity, Gas & Water * 0 2 1,134 1,094 1,028

Transport Storage &Communication * 0 0 1,941 2,605 2,701Trade, Hotel & Restaurant * 0 0 1,337 1,418 1,539Community, Social & Personal Services 0 0 0 806 808 1,170

Sub-Total 154 152 179 52,649 54,438 51,585Mining 291 253 259 5,078 4,781 4,840

8

TOTAL 445 405 438 57,727 59,219 59,134

* Details not available** No Data Available

Sources: Ministry of Labour, Social Security & Sports Division - Industrial Safety SectionMinistry of Agriculture & Mining - Mining & Geology Division

5.6 Number of Occupational Diseases Registered

Data Not Available. No registry.

5.5 & Distribution of the cost of treatment, compensation, subsidies, administration of5.7 occupational accidents & occupational diseases

Amount in $$ Not Available, although one company in the Bauxite industry estimated the percentage ofcosts for non fatal accidents and the Industrial Safety Division estimated costs to be:

Fatal Acc. non-fatal Occ. Dis.Acc. AccidentISD Bauxite Co. ISD Bauxite Co. ISD Bauxite Co.

Treatment NK 90% NK NK No Est. NKCompensation NK 5% NK NK No Est. NKSubsidies NK 3% NK NK No Est. NKAdministration J$1 mil/ 2% J$1.5 mil/ NK Nil NK

US$28,572 US$42,857

Sources: Questionnaire (A Bauxite Mining Company & Industrial Safety Division - Ministryof Labour, Social Security & Sports)

5.8 Life Expectance of the country and per economic activity

1. Life Expectancy of the country

Period Average Expected Yearsof Life at Birth

Male Female

1979 - 1981 69.03 72.371989 - 1991 69.97 72.64


2. Life Expectancy of the country By Economic SectorData not Available

5.9 General Retirement Age

Gender Age of Retirement

Men 65

9

Women 60

The Law National Insurance Act (1966, Rev. 1980)

NB NIS Pension may be deferred to age 70 (men) or 65 (women) if individuals are gainfully employedat the legal age of retirement.

Source:Social Security Division - National Insurance Section

Appendix I DATA SOURCES

SOURCE DEPT/AGENCY POSITION

NON-GOVERNMENT

Mrs. Gloria Grant Ja. Assoc. of Gen. Ins. Co Executive Director

Membership List 1996 Occ. Health Nurses Association of Jamaica

Occ. Health Survey CARHEPS (OH & S Consultants) Ltd.

GOVERNMENTMinistry of Labour Social Security & Sports

Mr. Neville Moodie Industrial Safety Division Director (Acting)Ms Andrea Miller Research & Statistics Acting DirectorMrs. Patricia Hamilton Minimum Wage Director - Human Resources,

Administration & Support ServicesMs Etta Richards Social Security/EIB Head - EIBMr. Simeon Johnson Social Security/Claims Unit Chief - Claims UnitMs Ena West Social Security DirectorMr. Errol Anderson Social Security - Statistics Statistician

Ministry of HealthMr. Norbert Campbell Environmental Control Division Snr P. H. Inspector -

Occupational HealthMrs Marcia Thompson Pest Control Authority

Ministry of Agriculture & MiningMr. Fitzroy Grant Mining & Quarries Division

National Income & Product 1995 Statistical Institute of JamaicaNational Income & Product (Prelim. Report) 1996

The Labour Force 1995The Labour Force 1996

Demographic Statistics 1996

10

Employment, Earnings & Hours Worked in Large Establishments 1994 - 1995Employment, Earnings & Hours Worked in Large Establishments 1995 - 1996

Planning Institute Of JamaicaEconomic & Social Survey 1994Economic & Social Survey 1996

Ministry of Labour, Social Security & Sports

Statistical Bulletin 1995 Research & Statitistics SectionStatistical Bulletin 1996 Research & Statitistics SectionNotes for Chairman and Members of Medical Boards Statistics UnitNational Insurance Scheme: All You Need to Know Statistics Unit

Factories Act 1956, Rev 1968) & Regulations (1961 Rev 1976)The Mining (Safety & Health) Regulations (1977)National insurance Act (1966 Rev 1980)Pesticides Act (1975 Rev 1987) & Regulations (1996)Public Health Act (1974, Rev 1987) & Draft Public Health (Occ. Health) Regulations (1986)

Appendix II ADDITIONAL NOTES ON Structure of the National Health Care System

Jamaica has a relatively well structured national health care system consisting of public and private careproviders and institutions.

The public health care system includes Primary Care, Curative & Rehabilitative services with supportservices at each level. The following exists in terms of public and private health care institutionsthroughout the country :

Health Care ServiceProvider Hospitals Clinics/Medical Centres/Casualty DeptGovernment 23 355*Semi-Private 1 1Private Providers 7 Data Not AvailableCompanies - 66

Each parish has at least one (1) public general hospital and government health centres are dispersedthroughout the country. All persons, including workers in neighbouring establishments, have access tothese services. However, neither government nor private health care system is geared towards capturingof data for work related illnesses/ diseases as work history is not, routinely, a part of an individual's casehistory.

At the Primary Care level, are six (6) Public Health Inspectors, whose responsibility includes occupationalhealth functions and one (1) Occupational Health Nursing Supervisor. The Public Health Inspectorsoperate at the parish level while the Nurse's sphere of operation is national. The Inspectors and theNursing Supervisor undertake inspection of facilities in relation to environmental and occupational health.

Health care is also available through private medical clinics, hospitals and allied support services. Workers tend to have access to these facilities through group Health Insurance coverage and would beincluded among the clientele of these facilities. Work history is not included, routinely, in an individual's

11

case history.

Medical practitioners in both private and public health care sectors are required, by law, to notify theMedical Officer of Health about prescribed diseases. Occupational diseases are not included among thenotifiable diseases.

Allied medical services include audiometric testing, spirometry and laboratory analysis of industrialsamples are available albeit in limited numbers. Laboratory analyses are limited to tests for micro-organisms such as bacteria. Very limited services are available for analysis of dust usually particulatecount. Laboratory analyses of industrial samples for other substances such as VOC, are undertakenmainly in North America.

Occupational Health Consultants. There are two known independent Occupational HealthConsultancies, one of which is not active. The consultancy that is operational, provides a wide range ofoccupational health services including health risk assessments, health and safety audits and industrialhygiene services.

Appendix II - ADDITIONAL NOTES Structure of the National Health Care System CONT'D.

Most establishments have no occupational health or safety programmes1 . However, up to mid July 1996,66 establishments were known to have employed 89 Registered Nurses and 6 Enrolled Assistant Nursesas is shown below2. This has been mainly as a result of collective bargaining.

Distribution of Nursing PersonnelBy Economic Sector (July 1996)

Economic Sector Companies Nursing PersonnelRN EAN

Bauxite Mining 4 20 0

Manufacturing 34 37 6

Transport && Communication 9 10 0

Electricity 1 2 0

Water 1 2 0

Financing 1 1 0

Hotels 16 17 0

TOTAL 66 89 6

Nurses Employed in Establishments in Jamaica

1 Richards, M. et al 1996; Final Report on an Occupational Health Survey; CARHEPS Ltd.

2 Membership List, 1996; Occupational Health Nurses Association of Jamaica

12

Nurses in the Bauxite Mining sector and others in small number in the larger establishments, were moreactively involved in occupational health activities than were some of their peers. For example, these nursesparticipated in plant tours, and collaborated with other Safety Officers, and Industrial Hygienists inmonitoring the work environment. Many nurses, however, are limited to practice within the clinics, withmain responsibility being First Aid and non work related health problems. In the case of those in hotelstheir main focus are the hotels' guests.

Organization of Services

All the establishments, that employ nursing personnel, have worksite clinics. At least four (4) of the largerestablishments have medical doctors who visit at least one half day per week. Others have standingarrangements with medical centres or individual medical doctors to provide emergency services and/oremployment medical examinations. The Bauxite companies have medical doctors on staff. One has ateam of doctors headed by a Medical Director with one doctor at each of its other two locations, on a parttime basis (approx. 4 hours per day). In addition there are two nurses on the morning shift and one oneach of the other two shifts, daily at each location. Only two establishments, outside the bauxite miningsector, have nurses on all shifts.

Industrial Hygienists are utilized mainly in the bauxite mining sector. Few are known to be employed inother sectors.

6.0 Costs of occupational accidents and occupational diseases

The cost was estimated by the Industrial Safety Division to be :

6.1 Cost centres Direct Indirect$ (million) $ (million)

for company J$40/US$1.14 J$112/US$3.2

for workers J$20/US$0.572 J$50/US$1.43

for provider services J$30/US$0.86 J$70/US$2.0

of occup. accidents J$90/US$2.57 J$224/US$6.4

of occup. diseases Nil Nil

6.2 Promoting preventionof accidents Direct Cost(million) Indirect Cost(million)

J$0.5/0.0143 J$1.5/US0.0429

NB. The bauxite company did not indicate an amount in "$$", however indicated that 100% of direct costof occupational accidents and diseases was borne by the company)

Source (6.1 & 6.2): Questionnaire from Industrial Safety Division - Ministry of Labour SocialSecurity & Sports

7.0 Policies developed in the country

1. Ministry of Health

13

The Ministry of Health has drafted a National Action Plan for Workers' Health. Elements of the planaddress:

- Political Will - Legislation- Research - Occup. Health & Safety Programmes- Education & Training

Source:Draft National Action Plan For the Development of Workers' Health

2. Industrial Safety Div. - Ministry of Labour, Social Security & Sports

Draft Occupational Safety & Health Act, soon to be enacted. The cost for developing and implementingthe policy has been estimated at J$2.5 million/US$71,429.

Source:Questionnaire completed by the Dept.

3. Dept. of Mines & Geology

Policies developed in relation to the following at an estimated cost of J$2.6 million/US$74,286

- Reporting format and frequency - Investigation & Enquiry of specified accidents- Inspection - Annual Incentive Awards


4. University of the West Indies

Policy developed re training for Health practitioners, Safety personnel and Managers in industry.


5. Joint Trade Union Research Development Centre

Policy statement developed regarding "The Environment and Sustainable Development". The statementincludes social issues such as health and will form part of the ILO's Caribbean Policy Statement. The costof developing and seeking concensus has been estimated at J$200,000/US$5,715.

Source:Questionnaire completed by the Centre

6. Company in the Bauxite Sector

This company reports having developed policies including those for :

- No Smoking - Hazard Communication- Respiratory Protection - Hearing Conservation- Disability Management

Source:Questionnaire completed by one company in the Sector

14

Appendix I. List of occupational diseases recognized in the countrySchedule of Prescribed Diseases3

(Regulation 19:5 of the National Insurance (Prescribed Diseases) Regulations, 1970

Description of Disease Nature of Occupation Involving Exposure Risk

1. Pneumonoconiosis All occupations as involving exposure to the risk concerned2 Disease caused by beryllium or its toxic compounds "3. Disease caused by phosphorus or its toxic compounds "4. Disease caused by chrome or its toxic compounds "5. Disease caused by manganese or its toxic compounds "6. Disease caused by mercury or its toxic compounds "7. Disease caused by mercury or its toxic compounds "8. Disease caused by lead or its toxic compounds "9. Disease caused by carbon bisulphide "10. Disease caused by toxic halogen derivatives of

hydrocarbons of the aliphatic series "11. Disease caused by benzene or its toxic compounds "12. Disease caused by nitro and amidotoxic derivatives

of benzene or its homologues "13. Disease caused by ionising radiations "14. Primary epitheliomatous cancer of the skin caused

by tar, pitch, bitumen, mineral oil, or the compounds,products or residues of those substances "

3 Notes for Chairmen and Members of Medical Boards, National Insurance Section; July 1988 p 17-18

15. Anthrax infection Any occupation involving :a) work in connection with animals infected

with anthraxb) handling of animal carcasses or parts of

such carcasses including hides, hoofs andhorns.

c) loading or unloading or transport ofmerchandise which may have beencontaminated by animals of animalcarcasses infected with anthrax.

Source: Ministry of Labour, Social Security & Sports

Appendix II Disability qualification by occupational accidents and occupational diseases of the country

15

I General Qualifying Conditions

A contributor claiming employment-injury benefits must have :

a) suffered an accident on the job, or

b) be suffering from a prescribed disease i.e. a disease attributable to the type of work he does. Seeprescribed list.

II Qualifying conditions for Disablement

Disablement benefits are awarded on the basis of the percentage disablement sustained as a result ofwork related accidents. The Degrees of disablement are prescribed

Prescribed Degrees of Disablement

Description of Injury Degree of Disablement%

Loss of both hands or amputation of higher sites 100Loss of a hand and a foot 100Double amputation through a leg or thigh, or amputationthrough leg or thigh on one side and loss of other foot 100Loss of sight to such an extent as to render the claimantunable to perform any work for which eyesight is essential 100Very severe facial disfigurement 100Absolute deafness 100Forequarter or hindquarter amputation 100

Amputation Cases - Upper Limbs (either arm)

Amputation through shoulder joint 90

Amputation below shoulder with stump less than 8 inchesfrom tip of acromion 80



16

Loss of both hands or amputation of higher sites 100

Loss of a hand and a foot 100

Double amputation through a leg or thigh, or amputationthrough leg or thigh on one side and loss of other foot 100

Loss of sight to such an extent as to render the claimantunable to perform any work for which eyesight is essential 100

Very severe facial disfigurement 100

Absolute deafness 100

Forequarter or hindquarter amputation 100

Amputation Cases - Upper Limbs (either arm)

Amputation through shoulder joint 90

Amputation below shoulder with stump less than 8 inchesfrom tip of acromion 80

Amputation from 8 inches from tip of acromion t less than4 1/2 inches below tip of olecranon 70

Loss of hand or of the thumb and four fingers of one handor amputation from 4 1/2 inches below tip of olecranon 60

Loss of thumb 30

Loss of thumb and its metacarpal bone 40

Loss of four fingers of one hand 50

Loss of three fingers of one hand 30

Loss of two fingers of one hand 20



Amputation Cases - Lower Limbs

Amputation of both feet resulting inend-bearing stumps 90

Amputation through both feet proximal to themetatarso-phalangeal joint 80

Loss of all toes of both feet through

17

the metatarso-phalangeal joint 40

Loss of all toes of both feet proximal to the proximalinter-phalangeal joint 30

Loss of all toes of both feet distal to theproximal inter-phalangeal joint 20

Amputation of hip 90

Amputation below hip with stump not exceeding 5 inchesin length measured from tip of great trochanter 80

Amputation below hip and above knee with stumpexceeding 5 inches in length measured from tip ofgreat trochanter, or at knee not resulting in end-bearing stump 70

Amputation at knee resulting in end-bearing stumpbelow knee with stump not exceeding 3 1/2 inches 60

Amputation below knee with stump exceeding 3 1/2inches but not exceeding 5 inches 50

Amputation below knee with stump exceeding 5 inches 40

Amputation of one foot resulting in end-bearing stump 30

Amputation through one foot proximal to the metatarso-phalangeal joint 30

Loss of all toes of one foot through the metatarso-phalangeal joint 20



Other injuries

Loss of one eye, without complications, the other being normal 40Loss of vision of one eye, without complications ordisfigurement of eyeball, the other being normal 30

Loss of :A. Fingers of right or left hand - Index Finger

Whole 14Two phalanges 11One phalanx 9Guillotine amputation of tip without loss of bone 5

18

Middle Finger


Ring or Little Finger




B. Toes of Right or Left Foot - Great Toe

Through metatarso-phalangeal joint 14Part, with some loss of bone 3

Any Other Toe


Toes of One Foot excluding Great Toe


19

Three Toes of One Foot, Excluding Great Toe


Four Toes of One Foot, Excluding Great Toe


Source: Ministry of Labour, Social Security & Sports

20

Appendix III Insurance Coverage for workers 1994 - 19961994

Coverage Company 1 Company 2 Company 3 Company 4

Group Health Insurance

Employer Gp/Co. (N) N/A 500 972 1,059Persons/lives covered (N) 12,300 28,000 94,768 41,064Premium Income J$65,765,800/US1,992,903 J$250,000,000/US$7,575,758 #J$222,153,345/US$6,731,919 J$187,344,343/US$5,677,101Claims paid J$64,819,499/US$1,964,227 J$189,000,000/US$5,727,273 #J$174,254,712/US$5,280,446 J$114,840,768/US$43,480,023

Group Life Insurance No Service

No. of Employer Gp/Co. N/A 200 N/Applicable 1,140No. of Persons/lives covered 56,584 14,000 N/Applicable 65,726An. Prem Inc.(basic) J$48,436,502/US$1,467,772 J$9,900,000/US$300,000** N/Applicable J$74,491,495/US$2,257,318An. Prem Inc.(ad&d) J$2,387,563/US$72,350 N/A N/Applicable N/ASum Assured (basic) J$10.715 bil/US$324.682 mil N/A N/Applicable N/ASum Assured (ad&d) J$3.140 bil/US$95.153 mil N/A N/Applicable J$24.251 bil/US$734,882,210**Claims paid J$18,679,536/US$566,047 N/A N/Applicable J$26,296,205/US$796,855

Personal Accident N/A N/A No Service

No. of Employer Gp/Co. N/A N/A N/Applicable Not KnownNo. of Persons covered 5,000 N/A N/Applicable Not KnownPremium Income J$5,127,000/US$155,364 N/A N/Applicable Not KnownClaims Paid J$1,244,000/US$37,697 N/A N/Applicable J$5,621,795/US$170,357

NB ** Total Premium Income/Sum Assured - includes basic & ad&d# Data provided for Government workers only. Data for other workers (commercial groups) were not accessible.ad & d =accidental death and dismembermentPrem Inc = Premium IncomeN/A = Not Available/Information Not Providebil = billionUS$1 = J$33

Appendix III(cont'd) Insurance Coverage for workers 1994 - 1996

21

1995



No. of Employer Gp/Co. N/A 530 1,039 576No. of Persons/lives covered 16,700 30,000 83,879 26,556Premium IncomeJ$141,414,700/US$4,285,294 J$297,000,000/US$9,000,000 #J$256,950,660/US$7,786,384 J$236,652,026/US$7,172,736Claims paid J$122,223,500/US$3,703,742 J$237,000,000/US$6,771,429 #J$235,762,330/US$7,144,313 J$163,016,310/US$4,939,888


No. of Employer Gp/Co. N/A 220 N/Applicable 904No. of Persons/lives covered 85,131 15,000 N/Applicable 64,397An. Prem Inc.(basic) J$78,055,908/US$2,365,330 J$11,000,000/US$333,333** N/Applicable (J$132,381,760/US$4,001,568**An. Prem Inc.(ad&d) J$ 9,041,094/US$273.973 N/A N/Applicable (Sum Assured (basic) J$17.569 bil/US$532.376 mil N/A N/Applicable (J$35.534 bil/US$107,678,800**Sum Assured (ad&d) J$8.128 bil/US$246.311 mil N/A N/Applicable (Claims paid J$26,335,688/US$798,051 N/A N/Applicable J$48,015,727/US$1,455,022

Personal Accident No Service

No. of Employer Gp/Co. N/A N/A N/Applicable 750No. of Persons covered 9,000 N/A N/Applicable Not KnownPremium Income J$10,145,600/US$307,442 N/A N/Applicable Not KnownClaims Paid J$4,912,000/US$148,849 N/A N/Applicable J$5,621,795/US$170,358

NB ** Total Premium Income/Sum Assured - includes basic & ad&d# Data provided for Government workers only. Data for other workers not availablead & d = accidental death and dismembermentPrem Inc = Premium IncomeN/A = Not Available/Information Not Providebil = billionRate of Exchange US$1 = J$35

Appendix III(cont'd) Insurance Coverage for workers 1994 - 1996

22

1996



No. of Employer Gp/Co. N/A 550 1,185 557No. of Persons/lives covered 18,100 32,000 89,005 25,868Premium Income J$219,011,000/US$6,257,457 J$330,000,000/US$9,428,571 Not Available J$324.259,804/US$9,264,566Claims paid J$185,219,000/US$5,291,971 J$240,000,000/US$6,855,714 Not Available J$203,085,611/US$5,802,446


No. of Employer Gp/Co. N/A 240 N/Applicable 802No. of Persons/lives covered 76,244 16,000 N/Applicable 50,410An. Prem Inc.(basic) J$93,360,745/US$2,667,450 J$12,000,000/US$342,857** N/Applicable J$158,215,927/US$4,520,455**An. Prem Inc.(ad&d) J$8,458,028/US$241,658 N/A N/ApplicableSum Assured (basic) J$20.177 bil/US$576.469 mil N/A N/Applicable J$41.264 bil/US$117,896,720**Sum Assured (ad&d) J$8.495 bil/US$242.713 mil N/A N/ApplicableClaims paid J$63,808,039/US$1,823,087 N/A N/Applicable J$22,468,181/US$641,948

Personal Accident

No. of Employer Gp/Co. N/A N/A N/Applicable 520No. of Persons covered 9,500 N/A N/Applicable Not KnownPremium Income J$13,500,000/US$385,714 N/A N/Applicable Not KnownClaims Paid J$3,375,000/US$96,429 N/A N/Applicable J$13,094,775/US$374,136

NB ** Total Premium Income/Sum Assured - includes basic & ad&d# Data does not include workers covered by one companyad & d = accidental death and dismembermentPrem Inc = Premium IncomeN/A = Not Available/Information Not Providebil = billion

23

Appendix III(cont'd) Insurance Coverage for workers 1994 - 1996 - Total

Coverage 1994 1995 1996

Group Health Insurancen $ n $ n $

No. of Employer Gp/Co. > 2,531 > 2,145 > 2,292No. of Persons/lives covered 176,132 157,135 164,973Premium Income #J$725,263,488/US$21,977,768 #J$932,017,386/US$28,202,950 #J$873,270,804/US$24,950,594Claims paid #J$542,914,979/US$16,451,968 #J$758,002,140/US$22,969,761 #J$628,304,611/US$17,951,560

Group Life Insurance

No. of Employer Gp/Co. > 1,340 > 1,124 > 1,042No. of Persons/lives covered 136,310 164,528 142,654An. Prem Inc.(basic & ad&d) J$135,215,560/US$4,097,441 J$230,478,762/US$6,984,205 J$272,034,700/US$8,243,476Sum Assured (basic & ad&d) J$38.106 bil/US$1.547 bil J$61.23 bil/US$1.856 bil J$69.936 bil/US$1.995 bilClaims paid J$44,975,741/US$1,362,901 J$74,351,415/US$2,253,073 J$86,276,220/US$2,465,035

Personal Accident

No. of Employer Gp/Co. Not Known > 750 > 520No. of Persons covered Not Known > 9,000 > 9,500Premium Income J$ >5,127,000/US$155,364 J$>10,145,600/US$307,442 J$>13,500,000/US$385,714Claims Paid J$ 6,865,795/US$208,054 J$10,533,795/US$319,206 J$ 17,469,175/US$499,175

NB ad & d =accidental death and dismemberment# Data does not include some workers covered by one companyPrem Inc = Premium Incomebil = billion

US$1 = J$33 (1994 & 1995); US$1 = J$35 (1996)

24

Appendix IV DATA ON WORKERS' HEALTH FORLATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN

QUESTIONNAIRE

Please respond to all items that apply to your organization.

I Organizational Profile

1. Tick [_] the option which best describes your organization

[ ] Ministry of Health[ ] Labour Division[ ] Social Security Division[ ] Private Insurance[ ] Company[ ] Labour Organization[ ] University[ ] NGO[ ] Other (Please specify)

II Occupational Health (OH) coverage

2. Does your organization bid for OH insurance?

a) Yes, the organization bids [ ]

No, but other means used [ ]

No, No OH insurance [ ]

b) What was the nature of the insurance?

i Group Health Insurance [ ]

ii Group/Personal Accident [ ]

iii Employer's Liability [ ]

iv Other(specify) [ ]

c) What was the Bid Amount/Premium Income and the number of workers covered 1994, 1995 & 1996?Bid Amount/Total Premium Income No. of Employer Gp/Co. No. of workers

1994 $ %

1995 $ %

1996 $ %

3. Does the organization have an occupational health programme/portfolio?

a) i Yes, programme/portfolio is written and implemented [ ]

25

ii Yes, programme/portfolio is written but not implemented [ ]

iii No programme/portfolio [ ]

b) If the organization has an occupational health programme/portfolio, briefly describe the programme/portfolio.

4. Which of the following categories best describe the occupational health or related services offered/provided by theorganization?

[ ] Promotion (specify)

[ ] Prevention (specify)

[ ] Treatment (specify)

[ ] Rehabilitation (specify)

[ ] Compensation (specify)

III Situation of Occupational Accidents and Occupational Diseases

5. How are recognized occupational accidents classified (e.g. partial; stationery; incorrect procedure; etc.)?

6. State the number of workers, hours or days of disability for 1994, 1995 and 1996.1994 1995 1996

No. of Workers disabled

No. of days/hours of disability dys/hrs dys/hrs dys/hrs

Avg. days of disability per worker

Avg. amount of subsidies/pensions per worker J$ J$ J$

7. What is the distribution of cost in relation to compensation, subsidies and administration of occupationalaccidents & diseases?

Occupational Accidents Occ. DiseasesCost Centres Fatal Non Fatal

$ $ $

26

Treatment

Compensation

Subsidies

Administration

8. What are the estimated costs of occupational accidents and occupational diseases in terms of:

Cost Factor Direct Cost Indirect Cost

$ $a) For company

For workers

For provider services

Of occupational accidents

Of occupational diseases

b) Promoting prevention of accidents

9. What policies have been developed by the organization, in relation to occupational health?

Policy Estimated Cost of Developing Policy

Appendix V Organizations to which Questionnaires were Distributed

Organization Address

Government Agencies

Ministry of Labour, Social Security & Sports

27

1. Social Security Division Heroes Circle, Kgn 42. Labour Division 1F North Street, Kingston Fax 922 0996

Ministry of Health1. Permanent Secretary 10 Caledonia Avenue, Kgn 5 Fax 926 38572. Environmental Control Div. 61 Half Way Tree Road, Kgn 10 Fax 926 2673

Ministry of Agriculture & MiningMines & Geology Division Hope Gardens, Kgn 6 Fax 977 1204

Private Insurance

First Life Insurance Company 60 Knutsford Boulevard, Kingston 5 Fax 929 5766Life of Jamaica 28 Barbados Avenue, Kingston 5 Fax 960 1927Mutual Life 2 Oxford Road Kingston 5 Fax 929 7098Dyoll Life Insurance 40 Knutsford Boulevard, Kingston 5 Fax 960 2936Blue Cross of Jamaica 85 Hope Road, Kingston 6 Fax 927 9817Life Insurance Companies Assoc. 72 Hope Road, Kingston 6 Fax 978 2654

Labour Organization

Joint Trade Union Develop. Centre 1A Hope Boulevard, Kgn 6 Fax 977 3861University & Allied Workers Union 50 Lady Musgrave Road, Kingston 10 Fax 927 9931

Universities

University of Technology 237 Old Hope Road, Kingston 6 Fax 977 4388University of the West Indies Mona Campus, Kingston Fax1. Dept. Community Health & Psychiatry, Fax 977 63462. Personnel Department Fax 927 2702 (Ask for fax tone)

Companies

Alcan Jamaica Company Kirkvine, Manchester, Fax 961 7559Kaiser Bauxite Co. Discovery Bay St. Ann Fax 973 2226Alumina Partners of Jamaica c/o Kaiser Bauxite Fax 964 6597JAMALCO Halse Hall, Clarendon Fax 986 2026Petrojam Ltd. 96 Marcus Garvey Drive, Kgn 11 Fax 923 5698Desnoes & Geddes Ltd 219 Spanish Town Road Kgn 11 Fax 923 5836Telecommunications of Ja. 47 Half Way Tree Road, Kgn 10 Fax 926 9402Caribbean Cement Company Rockfort, Kingston 2 Fax 928 7381

NGOs

Occ. Health Nurses Assoc. of Ja c/o Mrs. P/ Dawkins, 101 Newport Blvd., Kgn 11 Fax 923 5619Ja. Assoc. of Safety Professionals c/o Mr. Maurice Carson, 219 Spanish Town Road, Kgn 11 Fax 923 5268Caribbean P.H. Association c/o Dr. K. Hagley, Dept. of Community Health & Psychiatry Fax 9776346Jamaica Employers Federation 2A Ruthven Road, Kingston 10 Fax 968 4576Jamaica Manufacturers Assoc. 85a Duke Street, Kingston Fax 922 9205Small Business Association 2 Trafalgar Road, Kingston 10 Fax 978 2733

data on workers' health for latin america … iv questionnaire ... source : ministry of labour,...

Documents