data display
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Data Display. Scientific Research Methods in Geography Chapter 10 Feb 9, 2010. Data Display…. … is a Graphical Technique for communication and analysis that depicts data patterns rather than literally describing them. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Data Display Scientific Research Methods in Geography
Chapter 10Feb 9, 2010
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Data Display…… is a Graphical Technique for
communication and analysis that depicts data patterns rather than literally describing them.
… allows relevant properties of phenomena to be highlighted and clarified.
… is used by scientists for several purposes including:
Initial data examination Interpret the meaning of data Communicate data and meaning to others.
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Guidelines for Designing DisplaysGuiding principles for the design and use of
data displays boil down to one underlying idea: Effective Communication.
Effective Communication means - Communicating a great deal of truthful and relevant information in a manner that is:
Clear Accurate Unambiguous Efficient Aesthetically Pleasing
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TablesOrganized lists, arrays, or matrices of data.Show data values directly with numbers.Only minimal use of spatiality.Tables Depict Data in Two Ways:
Distribution Tables Show Frequency
Relative frequency, cumulative frequency Contingency tables
Descriptive Index Tables Shows tendency, variability, relationship
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Tables continuedMetric-level data in tables
Grouped into classes or intervals to efficiently communicate the pattern of the data.
“Class Intervals” How many classes are appropriate:
At least 3 or 4 and probably no more than 10 Specific to the data set and what is intended to be
communicated
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GraphsPictorial representations of data.The use of spatial properties such as:
Location Size Distance Direction
3 Dictums to follow from table 10.1: Label Clearly and Sufficiently Avoid Uninformative and Content-Free Graphic
Marks Fill the Graph Space with Data Marks
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What Types of Graphs are These? What are their uses?
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Examples of Global Warming Graphs
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MapsIn this context… maps are graphical displays
that depict earth-referenced features and data.
“Take at least one Cartography Course”Reference Maps:
Depict actual earth surface features as accurately as possible
Locations are encoded with a coordinate systemThematic Maps
Special purpose displays Hybrid “map-graph” that uses geographic space as a
base
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Maps always distort the earth’s surface and features.
Generalizations need to be made when creating a map. Not all levels of detail can be depicted on a map.
Symbology and Color schema are important to consider.
Sometimes Distortions are part of the communication.
(http://www.math.yorku.ca/SCS/Gallery/images/cartogram/statecartredblue.png)(http://blogs.sas.com/jmp/uploads/choropleth1.png)
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New Trends in Scientific VisualizationInformation Visualization is key to exploratory data
analysis, especially with large spatially and temporally distributed data sets.
Buzzwords: Geo-visualization Spatialization Animations Augmented Reality / Virtual Reality Multisensory display technologies: sonification
tactilizationsBottom Line: No matter how “gee whiz” the
visualization technique is, it needs to meet the requirements of effectively communicating data.
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Class ExerciseThink of a Data Display example that you
have created or viewed that is particularly effective. What made it effective?
Can you reproduce it on the white board?