data collection and data assessment report
TRANSCRIPT
Climate Change Strategy for Urban Planning and
Urban Development Sector in the State of Qatar
2DATA COLLECTION AND DATA ASSESSMENT REPORT
iiiClimate Change Strategy | Data Collection and Data Assessment
Acronyms and abbreviations __________________iii
Definitions ___________________________________iv
1.0 Introduction ______________________________ 1
1.1 Overview ........................................................... 2
1.2 Purpose and Objective of this Report ................ 2
1.3 Stage 2 Process ............................................... 3
2.0 Data Collection ___________________________ 5
2.1 Data required to develop the CCS and Rationale ....... 6
2.2 Identification of Data and Information Sources 11
3.0 Data and Framework Assessment ________ 13
3.1 Existing Studies, Strategies, Plans and Policy Devel-opment Initiatives ............................................ 14
3.2 Planning Regulations Evaluation ...................... 19
3.3 Data and Information Evaluation ..................... 26
4.0 Conclusions and Recommendations ______ 31
5.0 References ______________________________ 33
Contents
1
2
3
4
5
Table index
Table 1-1: ToR Requirements Addressed in the Report ........2
Table 2-1: Key data required and rationale for proposed data .......7
Table 3-1: Assessment of Existing Studies, Strategies, Plans and Policy Development Initiatives .....................15
Table 3-2: Qatar National Development Framework Evaluation ..........................................................20
Table 3-3: Summary of Critical Risk Factors for Qatar (prioritized) .........................................................27
Figure index
Figure 1-1: Stage 2 Process .................................................3
Appendices
Appendix A: Data Request and Data Inventory ....................40
Appendix B: GIS Data Inventory (Processed Data) ...............56
Appendix C: Assessment of Existing Studies, Strategies, Plans and Policy Development Initiatives............61
Appendix D: Data Assessment Summary ............................65
ivClimate Change Strategy | Data Collection and Data Assessment
Acronyms and abbreviations
Acronym / Abbreviation
Definition
AC Air Conditioning
Ashghal Public Works Authority
CCIAT Climate Change Impact Assessment Tool
CCS Climate Change Strategy
CFC Chlorofluorocarbon
DMU Designs Monitoring Unit
EEA European Environment Agency
EIA Environmental Impact Assessment
ESRI Environmental Systems Research Institute
FAO Food and Agriculture Organisation
FIFA Fédération Internationale de Football Association
GDP Gross Domestic Product
GHD GHD Global Pty Ltd
GHG Greenhouse Gas
GIS Geographical Information System
GORD Gulf Organisation for Research and Development
GSAS Global Sustainability Assessment System
ICZMP Integrated Coastal Zone Management Plan
IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
IPD Infrastructure Planning Department
KAHRAMAA Qatar General Electricity and Water Corporation
kg Kilogram
LNG Liquid Natural Gas
MDPS Ministry of Development Planning and Statistics
MENA Middle East and North Africa
MMUP Ministry of Municipality and Urban Planning
MtCO2e Million tonnes CO2 equivalent
OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
Acronym / Abbreviation
Definition
PDP Physical Development Plan
PM Particulate Matter
PV Photovoltaics
PWPA Power & Water Purchase Agreements
QCS Qatar Construction Specifications
QIDMP Qatar Integrated Drainage Master Plan
QNDF Qatar National Development Framework
QNDS Qatar National Development Strategy
QNFSP Qatar National Food Security Programme
QNMP Qatar National Master Plan
QNV2030 Qatar National Vision 2030
QRail Qatar Rail
QSA Qatar Statistics Authority
QSAS Qatar Sustainability Assessment System
RFT Request for Tender
SEA Strategic Environmental Assessment
sq km Square Kilometre
TSE Treated Sewage Effluent
UAE United Arab Emirates
UN United Nations
UNCCS United Nations Climate Change Secretariat
UNDP United Nations Development Programme
UNEP United Nations Environment Programme
UNFCCC United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
UPA Urban Planning Authority
UPD-MME Urban Planning Department – Ministry of Municipality and Environment
WOQOD Qatar Fuel
vClimate Change Strategy | Data Collection and Data Assessment
Term Definition
Climate Change Influence
A driver of climate change
Climate Change Indicator
Observations or calculations that can be used to track conditions and trends
Ecosystems The following impacts may be experienced from climate change: changes in wildfires, streams and lakes, bird migration patterns, fish and shellfish populations, and plant growth (USEPA, 2016a).
GHG Greenhouse gas emissions include carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide and fluorinated gases. They have been linked to anthropogenic climate forcing (USEPA, 2016b).
Oceans The world’s oceans are impacted and can impact the issues associated with climate change. This is through ocean heat, sea surface temperatures, sea level, coastal flooding, and ocean acidity (USEPA, 2016c).
Weather and climate These can be used as an indicator of climate change, particularly considering changes in temperature, precipitation, storms, floods, and droughts (USEPA, 2016d).
Definitions
viClimate Change Strategy | Data Collection and Data Assessment
Introduction
1
2Climate Change Strategy | Data Collection and Data Assessment
1.0 Introduction
1.1 Overview
GHD Global Pty Ltd (GHD) has been engaged by the Urban Planning Department of the Ministry of Municipality and Environment (UPD-MME) to develop a Climate Change Strategy (CCS) for the urban planning and urban development Sector in the State of Qatar. The CCS will comprise mitigation and adaptation measures that can be included in existing policies and regulatory tools (QNMP and subsidiary plans), and possibly other policy or framework documents.
The development of the CCS includes six stages:
• Stage 1: Inception
• Stage 2: Data collection and data assessment (current stage)
• Stage 3: Situation analysis
• Stage 4: Strategy development and action plans
• Stage 5: Climate Change Impact Assessment Tool (CCIAT)
This report addresses Stage 2 of the Project, data collection and data assessment required for input into the CCS.
1.2 Purpose and Objective of this Report
This report addresses Section 2.B.3.2 of the tender document terms of engagement (April 2015), which forms the Terms of Reference (ToR) for the Project. Table 1-1 shows where each ToR requirement is addressed in the report.
The key objectives of this Stage 2 report are to:
• Identify available data and information relevant to climate change in relation to urban planning.
• Identify the key critical climate change issues for Qatar based on a review of existing documents and information.
• Identify any gaps in the existing policies, strategies, plans and planning regulations for climate change planning, particularly for
the key critical climate change issues for Qatar.
Table 1-1: ToR Requirements Addressed in the Report
Task ToR Requirements Report Section
Data Collection Type of data that would be needed to develop the CCS Section 2.1
Rationale for using the proposed data Section 2.0
Identification of data and information sources Section 2.2 Appendix A
Appendix B
Data and Framework Assessment
Ways to make use of and integrate information from the existing and on-going studies, strategies, plans and policy development initiatives
Section 3.1
Appendix C
Extraction of planning regulations for urban and non-urban areas in order to provide an analytical evaluation of these regulations in support for future policy amendment and recommendations for new policies
Section 3.2
Assessment of the data in order to establish the risk as well as the needs for taking appropriate measures to tackle the challenges posed by climate change (Once again in the urban planning and development sector)
Section 3.3
Appendix D
1
3Climate Change Strategy | Data Collection and Data Assessment
1.3 Stage 2 Process
Figure 1.1 illustrates our approach to Stage 2.
• Identification of data type
• Rationale for using proposed data
• Identification of data sources
• Integrate information from existing and on-going studies, strategies, plans and policy development initiatives
• Extraction of planning regulations
• Assessment of data to establish risk and the identification of mitigation and adaptation measures to address risk
Data Collection Data and Framework Assessment
Figure 1-1: Stage 2 Process
Each item in this process is described briefly in our approach below.
1.3.1 Approach
GHD’s approach to delivery of the scope included:
• Identification of data required to assess climate change impacts as applicable to the spatial planning framework in Qatar and to develop the CCS. This included the proposed source of each type of data. A data request list was developed in collaboration with the MME. This list included the data type and the actual information required. We also developed a justification for the need to collect each type of data, reference to where the data would be used in our Scope and the likely data source. All data collected was recorded in a data registry. Should there be gaps in data or knowledge, GHD would develop estimates based on data and information in other similar regional studies, collected during bench marking and situation analysis to be undertaken in Stage 3.
• Sourcing information (including policies, treaties and existing legislation) and additional data as relevant to development of the CCS.
• Review of major relevant treaties, regulations, plans and ongoing studies was undertaken to:
- Identify how climate change influence on GHG, oceans, weather and climate, and ecosystems has been incorporated into or addressed in each document;
- Identify where interaction will be with the CCS;
- Comment on the usefulness of each document in relation to development of the CCS; and
- Identify how information in these documents would be used, or integrated into the CCS, as applicable to urban planning requirements
• Evaluation of the QNDF planning regulations (policies and policy actions) in relation to the CCS, with particular sections of the development framework assessed to identify CC impacts and any gaps in the development framework indicating CC impact risk. (Based on our assessment of existing studies, strategies, plans and policies, we determined the QNDF is and will be the main driver of the planning framework and regulation that can be directly amended or further developed to mitigate or adapt to climate change impacts. This would also drive impact mitigation and adaption in subsidiary plans).
• The climate change influence on GHG, oceans, weather and climate, and ecosystems identified in the QNDF framework evaluation as having risk and gaps in the planning context were used as the basis for the data review. Critical climate change issues were ranked and the data assessment included a determination of whether sufficient data existed to support assessment of these critical indicators and eventual development of meaningful mitigation and adaption measures as part of the CCS. We identified alternative data sources where there were gaps in data and made recommendations as required.
4Climate Change Strategy | Data Collection and Data Assessment
Data Collection
2
6Climate Change Strategy | Data Collection and Data Assessment
2.0 Data Collection
This section details the data collection aspect of the Project and describes the following:
• Data required to develop the CCS;
• Rationale for why the data is required;
• Data sources and data management.
2.1 Data required to develop the CCS and Rationale
The key data required to develop the CCS by climate change influence is summarised in Table 2-1 with rationale provided. A more complete list of data required and the data inventory of all data collected is attached as Appendix A.
A register of spatial data collected in GIS format is attached as Appendix B.
Throughout the life of the project, the data inventory document will be updated as required.
Should there be gaps in data or knowledge, GHD would develop estimates based on data and information in other similar regional studies, collected during benchmarking and situation analysis to be undertaken in Stage 3 (see Section 5.4 and 5.5 of Project document 102227 – Volume 2 of 3 – Method Statement). Consumption projections and estimates would be per capita as appropriate using census data collected as part of this Stage. We would attempt to find, through research, data that is most applicable to Qatar regionally and culturally. This would likely be data related to behavioural-based impacts rather than physical impacts. Most of the data required is available through or from previous related studies. We also have a large catalogue of international greenhouse gas data and commercially available emissions data from the many studies we have undertaken globally.
2
7Climate Change Strategy | Data Collection and Data Assessment
Tab
le 2
-1:
Key
dat
a re
qui
red
and
rat
iona
le f
or
pro
po
sed
dat
a
Clim
ate
Cha
nge
In
fluen
ceD
ata
typ
eIn
form
atio
n re
qui
red
Rat
iona
leU
rban
Pla
nnin
g R
atio
nale
GH
G
Oce
ans
Wea
ther
and
C
limat
e
Eco
syst
ems
Land
use
Res
iden
tial,
com
mer
cial
and
lig
ht in
dust
ry
deve
lopm
ent
Spa
tial l
and
use
plan
s in
coa
stal
are
as in
clud
ing
Mun
icip
al S
patia
l Dev
elop
men
t Pla
ns a
nd A
rea
Act
ion
Pla
ns.
Det
ails
rela
ting
to e
xist
ing
and
plan
ned
resi
dent
ial,
com
mer
cial
and
indu
stria
l dev
elop
men
t pro
ject
s.
Iden
tified
infil
l, ur
ban
rene
wal
, gre
enfie
ld g
row
th
area
s, a
nd e
mpl
oym
ent p
reci
ncts
.
GIS
(ES
RI o
r eq
uiva
lent
) of t
he m
aps
corr
espo
ndin
g to
spa
tial p
lans
.
The
land
use
pla
ns w
ill be
use
d as
the
basi
s of
ou
r as
sess
men
t. R
equi
red
to a
sses
s ho
w th
e pl
ans
curr
ently
dea
l with
man
agem
ent o
f lan
d,
pote
ntia
lly s
ubje
ct to
coa
stal
vul
nera
bilit
y, h
eat
isla
nd e
ffect
or
othe
rwis
e.
The
plan
s w
ill be
ass
esse
d du
ring
Sta
ges
3, 4
, 5
and
6 to
iden
tify
how
land
use
is m
anag
ed.
The
asse
ssm
ent w
ill in
clud
e an
alys
ing
whe
ther
/w
here
to p
rom
ote
mor
e se
a de
fenc
es a
nd
robu
st lo
catio
ns fo
r ne
w d
evel
opm
ents
.
The
asse
ssm
ent o
f pla
ns w
ill al
low
the
iden
tifica
tion
of a
reas
that
are
vul
nera
ble
to
sea
leve
l ris
e, s
torm
sur
ge, c
oast
al e
rosi
on a
nd
flood
ing.
Thi
s w
ill be
inco
rpor
ated
into
the
risk
asse
ssm
ent.
Hav
ing
the
plan
s w
ill be
ess
entia
l to
dev
elop
men
t of m
itiga
tion
and
adap
tion
optio
ns p
ropo
sed
for
the
plan
itse
lf.
GH
GTr
ansp
ort
Det
ails
rela
ting
to e
xist
ing
and
plan
ned
tran
spor
t an
d in
frast
ruct
ure
proj
ects
; veh
icle
num
bers
(p
ast,
pres
ent,
expe
cted
futu
re);
vehi
cle
fuel
ef
ficie
ncy
(pas
t, pr
esen
t, ex
pect
ed fu
ture
); us
e of
pu
blic
tran
spor
t, w
alki
ng a
nd c
yclin
g.
The
curr
ent m
anag
emen
t of t
rans
port
in th
e ur
ban
envi
ronm
ent (
trip
leng
th, n
umbe
r of
trip
s,
cons
truc
tion
traf
fic, a
nd in
dust
rial t
raffi
c) w
ill be
util
ised
in th
e de
velo
pmen
t of s
trat
egie
s to
m
itiga
te o
r ad
apt t
o m
ore
clim
ate
sust
aina
ble
prac
tices
.
Req
uire
d to
ass
ess
how
spa
tial
plan
ning
affe
cts
mov
emen
t of t
he
popu
latio
n.
i.e. D
oes
prov
isio
n of
pub
lic tr
ansp
ort
and
grea
ter
pede
stria
n/cy
cle
infra
stru
ctur
e af
fect
veh
icle
trip
s?
GH
G
Oce
ans
Oth
er
infra
stru
ctur
eC
urre
nt a
nd p
lann
ed in
frast
ruct
ure
type
s an
d al
ignm
ents
.
GIS
(ES
RI o
r eq
uiva
lent
) of a
lignm
ents
Infra
stru
ctur
e pl
anne
d w
ill ei
ther
incr
ease
or
decr
ease
clim
ate
chan
ge.
To d
eter
min
e th
e sp
atia
l ext
ent o
f vu
lner
abilit
y to
eith
er S
LR, s
torm
su
rge,
etc
., or
to a
sses
s in
fluen
ce o
n G
HG
.
GH
GS
olid
Was
te
Volu
me
Sol
id W
aste
Vol
ume
by T
ype
and
disp
osal
m
etho
dS
olid
was
te p
rodu
ctio
n is
an
indi
rect
sou
rce
of G
HG
. Thi
s w
ill fe
ed in
to th
e cl
imat
e ch
ange
m
odel
ling
tool
s.
The
tool
to b
e de
velo
ped
as p
art o
f th
is P
roje
ct w
hich
will
help
iden
tify
vuln
erab
le a
reas
and
miti
gatio
n an
d G
HG
em
issi
ons
and
othe
r cl
imat
e ch
ange
impa
cts
of d
evel
opm
ents
. S
olid
was
te p
rodu
ctio
n is
an
indi
rect
so
urce
of G
HG
pro
duct
ion.
8Climate Change Strategy | Data Collection and Data Assessment
Clim
ate
Cha
nge
In
fluen
ceD
ata
typ
eIn
form
atio
n re
qui
red
Rat
iona
leU
rban
Pla
nnin
g R
atio
nale
Wea
ther
and
C
limat
eM
eteo
rolo
gica
l da
ta in
clud
ing
tem
pera
ture
, w
ind
spee
d, w
ind
dire
ctio
n an
d pr
ecip
itatio
n.
Ave
rage
mon
thly
dat
a fo
r te
mpe
ratu
re, w
ind
spee
d, w
ind
dire
ctio
n an
d pr
ecip
itatio
n.
The
met
eoro
logi
cal d
ata
(incl
udin
g te
mpe
ratu
re
and
prec
ipita
tion)
is a
dire
ct re
quire
men
t for
in
put i
nto
each
tool
to b
e de
velo
ped.
This
dat
a w
ill as
sist
qua
ntify
ing
elem
ents
of t
he
risk
asse
ssm
ent a
nd s
trat
egy
deve
lopm
ent i
n S
tage
3.
Win
d sp
eed
and
dire
ctio
n ar
e im
port
ant i
f ass
essi
ng th
e po
tent
ial f
or
heat
isla
nd e
ffect
s. H
eat I
slan
d ef
fect
an
d th
e go
od w
ork
done
in th
e A
AP
s to
redu
ce th
is th
roug
h sm
art u
rban
de
sign
has
bee
n co
vere
d in
Sta
ge 3
.
Oce
ans
Hei
ght a
bove
sea
le
vel
Sea
leve
l ris
e pr
edic
tions
Nee
ded
to a
sses
s im
pact
of p
ossi
ble
sea
leve
l ris
e sc
enar
ios
as a
sses
sed
in th
e IC
ZMP.
Rep
ort a
nd G
IS (E
SR
I or
equi
vale
nt)
The
heig
ht a
bove
sea
leve
l will
be in
corp
orat
ed
in th
e as
sess
men
t of v
ulne
rabi
lity
to s
ea le
vel
rise,
sto
rm s
urge
, and
coa
stal
ero
sion
.
This
will
be a
key
ele
men
t of
the
stra
tegy
to id
entif
y ar
eas
of
vuln
erab
ility
and
the
asse
ssm
ent o
f fu
ture
dev
elop
men
ts to
ens
ure
they
ar
e lo
cate
d in
low
ris
k ar
eas.
GH
G
Wea
ther
and
C
limat
e
Food
sec
urity
Det
ails
of t
he Q
atar
Nat
iona
l foo
d se
curit
y pr
ogra
m a
nd lo
catio
n an
d ar
ea s
et a
side
for
futu
re a
gric
ultu
re.
To u
nder
stan
d fu
ture
pla
ns o
f Qat
ar in
rela
tion
to fo
od a
nd w
ater
sec
urity
. Foo
d an
d w
ater
se
curit
y ha
ve b
een
iden
tified
as
two
aspe
cts
whi
ch c
limat
e ch
ange
is li
kely
to im
pact
. Qat
ar’s
lo
catio
n an
d cl
imat
e m
ean
it is
cur
rent
ly h
eavi
ly
depe
nden
t on
desa
linat
ion
(an
ener
gy in
tens
ive
indu
stry
) and
impo
rtin
g fo
od. C
onsi
dera
tion
of
thes
e el
emen
ts in
rela
tion
to s
patia
l pla
nnin
g is
es
sent
ial i
n fu
ture
pro
ofing
.
We
need
to d
eter
min
e if
ther
e is
an
ythi
ng in
the
food
sec
urity
pro
gram
th
at in
tera
cts
with
the
urba
n pl
anni
ng
fram
ewor
k.
Wea
ther
and
C
limat
eW
ater
sou
rces
, w
ater
sec
urity
, sa
ltwat
er
intr
usio
n in
to
aqui
fers
GH
G
Oce
ans
Wea
ther
and
C
limat
e
Ene
rgy
secu
rity
Dat
a on
ene
rgy
use,
sou
rces
and
infra
stru
ctur
e.E
nerg
y us
e is
a d
irect
inpu
t int
o G
HG
ca
lcul
atio
ns u
sed
in S
tage
s 3
– 6.
Th
e sp
atia
l loc
atio
n of
ene
rgy
infra
stru
ctur
e w
ill al
low
det
erm
inin
g lo
ng-t
erm
via
bilit
y an
d al
so %
pla
nned
su
stai
nabi
lity
ener
gy p
rodu
ctio
n. W
e un
ders
tand
ther
e ar
e pl
ans
to b
uild
so
lar
pow
er p
lant
s. T
he lo
catio
n of
this
is n
ot s
et in
the
plan
ning
fra
mew
ork.
GH
G
Wea
ther
and
C
limat
e
Air
pollu
tion
Any
air
qual
ity d
ata
for
carb
on d
ioxi
de, n
itrou
s ox
ides
, ozo
ne, w
ater
vap
our
CFC
s an
d m
etha
neTh
is d
ata
will
form
the
back
grou
nd le
vels
use
d in
the
tool
s de
velo
ped
and
prov
ide
a ba
selin
e fro
m w
hich
the
Spe
cific
Tas
k as
sess
men
t can
be
und
erta
ken.
The
tool
to b
e de
velo
ped
as p
art o
f th
is P
roje
ct w
hich
will
help
iden
tify
vuln
erab
le a
reas
and
miti
gatio
n an
d G
HG
em
issi
ons
and
othe
r cl
imat
e ch
ange
impa
cts
of d
evel
opm
ents
.
9Climate Change Strategy | Data Collection and Data Assessment
Clim
ate
Cha
nge
In
fluen
ceD
ata
typ
eIn
form
atio
n re
qui
red
Rat
iona
leU
rban
Pla
nnin
g R
atio
nale
• G
HG
• W
eath
er a
nd
Clim
ate
• E
cosy
stem
s
Par
ks a
nd g
reen
ar
eas
Pro
pose
d ve
geta
tion
spec
ies
brea
kdow
n
Num
ber
and
loca
tion
of p
arks
in u
rban
are
as,
curr
ent a
nd p
lann
ed a
nd s
peci
es ty
pes.
Pro
pose
d ve
geta
tion
spec
ies
brea
kdow
n fo
r gr
een
spac
es a
nd a
gric
ultu
re a
s sp
ecifi
ed in
the
QN
DF
and
subs
idia
ry p
lans
GIS
(ES
RI o
r eq
uiva
lent
) of p
arks
Par
ks a
nd g
reen
spa
ces
can
be w
ater
inte
nsiv
e.
Wat
er is
pro
duce
d th
roug
h en
ergy
inte
nsiv
e de
salin
atio
n, g
roun
dwat
er h
arve
stin
g or
tr
eatm
ent o
f sew
age
efflu
ent.
Arid
env
ironm
ent
adap
ted
spec
ies
may
low
er ir
rigat
ion
requ
irem
ents
.
Par
ks a
nd g
reen
spac
e al
so h
ave
the
pote
ntia
l to
redu
ce th
e he
at is
land
ef
fect
.
Mor
e pa
rk a
rea,
pos
sibl
y re
quire
s m
ore
wat
er, w
hich
due
to th
e na
ture
of
wat
er p
rodu
ctio
n in
Qat
ar m
ay
caus
e G
HG
em
issi
ons.
• W
eath
er a
nd
Clim
ate
• E
cosy
stem
s
Soi
l qua
lity
Any
info
rmat
ion
on s
oil q
ualit
y (S
tudy
und
erta
ken
by F
AO
on
soil
suita
bilit
y in
Qat
ar).
Soi
l qua
lity
data
will
be a
sses
sed
to d
eter
min
e th
e su
itabi
lity
of s
oil f
or a
gric
ultu
re.
To e
nsur
e de
velo
pmen
t has
not
bee
n pl
anne
d in
are
as d
eem
ed a
rabl
e.
• O
cean
s
• W
eath
er a
nd
Clim
ate
Ons
hore
and
of
fsho
re h
erita
ge
ICZM
P C
ultu
ral H
erita
ge R
epor
t (D
etai
ls re
latin
g to
ons
hore
and
offs
hore
cul
tura
l her
itage
feat
ures
in
the
form
of d
atab
ases
, map
ping
, stu
dies
, etc
.)
It is
pos
sibl
e ph
ysic
al e
ffect
s of
clim
ate
chan
ge
coul
d le
ad to
item
s of
cul
tura
l sig
nific
ance
bei
ng
dam
aged
or
dest
roye
d.
Phy
sica
l loc
atio
ns o
f str
uctu
res
of
sign
ifica
nce
may
requ
ire p
rote
ctio
n if
subj
ect t
o ph
ysic
al c
limat
e ch
ange
ris
k.
• G
HG
• O
cean
s
• W
eath
er a
nd
Clim
ate
• E
cosy
stem
s
Clim
ate
chan
ge
plan
s, p
olic
ies,
re
sear
ch
Rel
evan
t pla
ns, p
olic
ies
and
rese
arch
, e.g
. pr
evio
usly
car
ried
out f
or th
e C
limat
e C
hang
e D
epar
tmen
t (C
CD
)
Will
disc
uss
dire
ctly
with
MM
E C
C d
epar
tmen
t to
inco
rpor
ate
rele
vant
cur
rent
CC
D in
itiat
ives
in
to th
e C
CS
.
To m
ake
sure
our
CC
S is
coo
rdin
ated
w
ith a
ny p
lann
ing
fram
ewor
k be
ing
deve
lope
d by
the
CC
D.
• G
HG
• O
cean
s
Con
stru
ctio
n lif
e cy
cle
base
line
data
Con
stru
ctio
n lif
e cy
cle
data
base
(exp
ecte
d lif
e cy
cle
of th
e di
ffere
nt ty
pes
of d
evel
opm
ent i
n th
e co
untr
y.
Asi
de fr
om G
HG
issu
es a
ssoc
iate
d w
ith
dem
oliti
on a
nd re
plac
emen
t, bu
ildin
g lif
e cy
cles
m
ay fa
ctor
into
sea
leve
l ris
e vu
lner
abilit
y re
com
men
datio
ns.
To a
cces
s ur
ban
deve
lopm
ent c
riter
ia
and
build
ing
code
s so
as
to d
eter
min
e w
hat t
he li
fe c
ycle
exp
ecte
d fo
r di
ffere
nt ty
pes
of d
evel
opm
ent i
s. E
.g.
hosp
ital -
40
year
s.
• G
HG
Ene
rgy
prod
uctio
n m
etho
d, p
lant
ca
paci
ties
and
futu
re p
lans
.
Ene
rgy
cons
umpt
ion.
Ene
rgy
prod
uctio
n a
maj
or c
ontr
ibut
or to
gr
eenh
ouse
gas
em
issi
ons.
Ene
rgy
prod
uctio
n an
d pr
ojec
tions
will
form
the
basi
s of
muc
h of
our
ris
k as
sess
men
t and
will
be in
tegr
al in
ca
lcul
atio
ns w
ithin
the
tool
s w
e de
velo
p.
The
tool
to b
e de
velo
ped
as p
art o
f th
is P
roje
ct w
hich
will
help
iden
tify
vuln
erab
le a
reas
and
miti
gatio
n an
d G
HG
em
issi
ons
and
othe
r cl
imat
e ch
ange
impa
cts
of d
evel
opm
ents
.
• G
HG
Des
alin
atio
nE
nerg
y ex
pend
ed in
des
alin
atio
n in
add
ition
to
oper
atio
nal p
ower
Wat
er p
rodu
ctio
n is
pow
er in
tens
ive
and
lead
s to
GH
G u
se.
Des
alin
atio
n is
a m
ajor
con
trib
utor
to
GH
G.
Dem
and
for
desa
linat
ed w
ater
is
dire
ctly
driv
en b
y ur
ban
deve
lopm
ent
and
this
info
rmat
ion
will
be b
uilt
into
th
e to
ols
and
othe
r pr
ojec
tions
.
10Climate Change Strategy | Data Collection and Data Assessment
Clim
ate
Cha
nge
In
fluen
ceD
ata
typ
eIn
form
atio
n re
qui
red
Rat
iona
leU
rban
Pla
nnin
g R
atio
nale
• G
HG
• O
cean
s
• W
eath
er a
nd
Clim
ate
• E
cosy
stem
s
TSE
and
was
te
wat
er p
rodu
ced
curr
ently
and
in
futu
re
Dra
inag
e M
aste
r P
lan
(was
te w
ater
and
TS
E
quan
tity
plan
ned
(low
er e
mis
sion
s us
ed to
pr
oces
s))
Wat
er p
rodu
ctio
n is
pow
er in
tens
ive
and
lead
s to
GH
G u
se.
Des
alin
atio
n is
a m
ajor
con
trib
utor
to
GH
G.
Dem
and
for
desa
linat
ed w
ater
is
dire
ctly
driv
en b
y ur
ban
deve
lopm
ent a
nd th
is
info
rmat
ion
will
be b
uilt
into
the
tool
s an
d ot
her
proj
ectio
ns.
TSE
wou
ld re
duce
des
alin
ated
w
ater
dem
and
and
wou
ld b
e a
good
long
-ter
m
adap
tion
mea
sure
pos
sibl
y.
To d
eter
min
e if
phys
ical
loca
tions
of
plan
ned
infra
stru
ctur
e is
sub
ject
to
clim
ate
chan
ge r
isk
such
as
SLR
.
• G
HG
Des
ign
guid
elin
esTh
e de
sign
gui
delin
es fo
r de
velo
pmen
ts in
Qat
ar.
GS
AS
acc
redi
tatio
n sy
stem
.
Ess
entia
l to
ensu
re w
e ar
e in
corp
orat
ing
rele
vant
, exi
stin
g su
stai
nabi
lity
prac
tices
into
our
as
sess
men
t and
ada
ptat
ion/
miti
gatio
n m
easu
re
deve
lopm
ent.
We
may
sug
gest
inco
rpor
atio
n of
G
SA
S in
to th
e D
C-1
and
DC
-2
appr
oval
s pr
oces
s.
• G
HG
• O
cean
s
• W
eath
er a
nd
Clim
ate
• E
cosy
stem
s
Cen
sus
Dat
aC
ensu
s da
ta fr
om 2
015,
201
0 an
d pr
evio
us if
av
aila
ble
Cen
sus
data
will
be u
sed
to P
roje
ct to
tal G
HG
em
issi
ons
base
d on
per
cap
ita tr
ends
. It
will
also
be
used
to e
stim
ate
utilit
y an
d fo
od
requ
irem
ents
bas
ed o
n cu
rren
t tre
nds
(incl
udin
g po
wer
, wat
er, w
aste
wat
er, w
aste
dis
posa
l, fo
od
cons
umpt
ion)
.
This
dat
a w
ould
be
used
in th
e ris
k as
sess
men
t, si
tuat
ion
anal
ysis
and
in to
ol d
evel
opm
ent.
The
tool
to b
e de
velo
ped
as p
art o
f th
is P
roje
ct w
hich
will
help
iden
tify
vuln
erab
le a
reas
and
miti
gatio
n an
d G
HG
em
issi
ons
and
othe
r cl
imat
e ch
ange
impa
cts
of d
evel
opm
ents
.
Not
e: T
he in
form
atio
n re
qui
red
whe
n so
urce
d w
ill ei
ther
be
from
the
MM
E (i
nclu
din
g an
y p
revi
ous
pro
ject
s un
der
take
n by
GH
D fo
r th
e M
ME
and
for
whi
ch p
erm
issi
on h
as b
een
soug
ht fo
r d
ata
utili
zatio
n) o
r th
roug
h th
e p
ublic
dom
ain.
A
ll d
ata
utili
zed
will
be
refe
renc
ed a
ccor
din
gly.
Dat
a w
ill no
t be
valid
ated
and
a Q
A/Q
C c
heck
will
not b
e un
der
take
n as
GH
D a
ssum
es th
e d
ata
pro
vid
ed fr
om th
e go
vern
men
t sec
tor
has
bee
n ve
rified
and
che
cked
for
qua
lity.
11Climate Change Strategy | Data Collection and Data Assessment
2.2 Identification of Data and Information Sources
The information required for the CCS was obtained from the following sources:
• International treaties and conventions that Qatar is signatory to:
- Kyoto Protocol to the Framework Convention on Climate Change, 1997 (Signatory in 2005);
- United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (Decree No. 47 of 1996);
- Resolution 70/1 Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development;
• Local policies, plans and strategies:
- Qatar constitution;
- Qatar National Master Plan (QNMP);
- Integrated Coastal Zone Management Plan (ICZMP);
- Qatar National Development Strategy (QNDS) 2011-2016;
- Qatar National Vision (QNV) 2030;
• Publically available and published Qatar, regional and international documents, reports and studies:
- Government/organization websites;
- Government research publications;
- Non-government research publications;
- Online news articles;
• Relevant data from other projects undertaken by GHD for the MME including:
- The Strategic Environmental Assessment of the Qatar National Master Plan;
- The Flood Study for the State of Qatar.
Data management will be an ongoing task over the life of the Project, and as the Project progresses the database of information will expand. Key to this will be the continued population of the Data Inventory (Appendix A).
In line with existing data management structures, relevant and required attributes for all location-based (GIS) data will be created in a simple, shared tabular document in Environmental Systems Research Institute (ESRI) or similar compatible format and projected spatially, where possible. The specific attributes will be reviewed and confirmed by the Project Team at regular intervals, but initially will include:
• Type of data/classification
• Format
• Source origin or location
• Date and year created
• Date updated (if utilised and manipulated)
• GHD file name
• Origin file name
• Use within the Project and/or description
Currently, the GIS data obtained by the MME for the Flood Study for the State of Qatar is being utilized as the basis for this study. An inventory of the processed GIS data is provided in Appendix B.
12Climate Change Strategy | Data Collection and Data Assessment
Data and Framework
Assessment
3
14Climate Change Strategy | Data Collection and Data Assessment
3.0 Data and Framework Assessment
This section covers GHD’s assessment of existing plans, treaties and legislation and includes:
• How we will use and integrate information from existing and on-going studies, strategies, plans and policy development initiatives into the CCS;
• Extraction of planning regulations and evaluation of these regulations to support future policy amendment and recommendations for new policies as part of the CCS development; and
• Establishing critical climate change risk factors based on assessment of the data and information collected as detailed in Section 2.0.
Outcomes of this assessment will guide the Situation Analysis and subsequent development of the CCS in Stages 3 and 4 of the Project respectively.
Each item is detailed in the following sub sections.
3.1 Existing Studies, Strategies, Plans and Policy Development Initiatives
An assessment of the existing studies, strategies, plans and policies listed in Section 2.2 was undertaken. The objective was to identify how to make use of and integrate existing information from various treaties studies, plans and policy development initiatives into the CCS. This was undertaken by:
1. Identifying how climate change influence on GHG, oceans, weather and climate, and ecosystems are addressed in each of the documents;
2. Providing commentary on usefulness of each document in development of the CCS;
3. Identifying how information in these documents would be used, or integrated into the CCS, as applicable to urban planning requirements.
A summary of this assessment is provided in Table 3-1, while a more detailed overview of each of the documents is provided in Appendix C.
3
15Climate Change Strategy | Data Collection and Data Assessment
Table 3-1: Assessment of Existing Studies, Strategies, Plans and Policy Development Initiatives
Existing Studies, Strategies, Plans and Policy Development Initiatives
Coverage of CCS Indicators Commentary Relevance to CCS Development
International Treaties
Kyoto Protocol to the Framework Convention on Climate Change, 1997 (Signatory in 2005)
Designed to assist countries in adapting to the effects of climate change and facilitates the development of techniques that can help increase resilience to climate change impacts
Commitment (of signed parties) to a number of initiatives, including:
• Striving to implement policies and measures in such a way as to minimize adverse effects of climate change on other parties;
• To formulate, implement, publish and regularly update national and, where appropriate, regional programs containing measures to mitigate and adapt to climate change.
An important first step towards a global emission reduction regime that will stabilize greenhouse gas concentrations.
Forms a framework for members to implement climate change legislation.
Refer to Kyoto Protocol in the CCS. This will provide international context to the CCS and assist in responding to high order Kyoto Protocol directives including the development of climate change mitigation and adaption measures.
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (Decree No. 47 of 1996)
• The ultimate objective of the Convention is to achieve (in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Convention) stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system;
• Such a level should be achieved within a time frame sufficient to allow ecosystems to adapt naturally to climate change, to ensure that food production is not threatened and to enable economic development to proceed in a sustainable manner;
• Promotes awareness of climate change (incl. education, knowledge sharing etc.) and prompts cooperation among parties to address climate change effects.
The UNFCCC is a framework that depends on members (parties) to develop policy responses
CCS should reference the UNFCCC and act as contributing / responding to directives relating to urban planning and urban development.
Development of the CCS would help meet the UNFCCC requirement to promote awareness of climate change.
Resolution 70/1 Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development
Goal 2.4 – By 2030, ensure sustainable food production systems and implement resilient agricultural practices that increase productivity and production, that help maintain ecosystems, that strengthen capacity for adaptation to climate change, extreme weather, drought, flooding and other disasters and that progressively improve land and soil quality;
Goal 11.b – By 2020, substantially increase the number of cities and human settlements adopting and implementing integrated policies and plans towards inclusion, resource efficiency, mitigation and adaptation to climate change, resilience to disasters, and develop and implement, in line with the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030, holistic disaster risk management at all levels;
Goal 13.1 - Strengthen resilience and adaptive capacity to climate related hazards and natural disasters in all countries;
Goal 13.2 - Integrate climate change measures into national policies, strategies and planning;
Goal 13.3 - Improve education, awareness raising and human and institutional capacity on climate change mitigation, adaptation, impact reduction and early warning;
Goal 13.a - Implement the commitment undertaken by developed country parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change to a goal of mobilizing jointly $100 billion annually by 2020 from all sources to address the needs of developing countries in the context of meaningful mitigation actions and transparency on implementation and fully operationalize the Green Climate Fund through its capitalization as soon as possible;
Goal 13.b – Promote mechanisms for raising capacity for effective climate change related planning and management in least developed countries and small island developing States, including focusing on women, youth and local and marginalized communities.
The resolution contains primarily aspirations
Very broad scope - serves as good framework for environmental and planning considerations
CCS should respond as a policy response where able / appropriate to Resolution 70/1.
Goal 13.2 suggests integration of climate change measures into national policies, strategies and planning. The CCS will help fulfil this requirement.
Adaption and mitigation measures to be developed as part of the CCS would assist meeting requirements of Goals 13.1 and 13.3 respectively.
Policy and Legislation
Constitution of Qatar Sole reference to environment is Article 33 - The State shall preserve the environment and its natural balance in order to achieve comprehensive and sustainable development for all generations
N/A Future policy should have general regard for this aspiration as contained within the Constitution.
GHD will include a direct reference to Article 33 in the CCS.
Qatar National Master Plan (QNMP)
The QNMP is a group of documents mandating the spatial development of Qatar through policies and actions, structure plans, land use, zoning and regulations. This document provides a discussion on how climate change and urban planning interface.
The QNDF, the national level component of the QNMP sets the strategic framework for sustainable development and provides plans for the country as a whole, including Metropolitan Doha and the Municipalities that make up the nation’s principal administrative structure. The QNDF also provides a disciplined framework for making spatial and land use decisions to guide the development of Qatar until the year 2032. The QNDF provides decision-makers with the framework against which to assess future actions.
Would benefit from allied / complementary CCS related policy to assists in meeting directives / responding to actions
CCS can contribute to meeting the various policies / actions of the QNMP as relevant.
Elements of the QNMP (specifically QNDF) which have direct impact or benefit on climate change have been identified in Section 3.2 below, along with gaps in the planning framework and proposed mitigation and adaption measures to be included in the CCS. The QNMP is the most relevant and important document for the assessment of climate change risk in Qatar and the major mechanism for incorporation of policy adaption and mitigation measures directly relevant to spatial planning.
16Climate Change Strategy | Data Collection and Data Assessment
Existing Studies, Strategies, Plans and Policy Development Initiatives
Coverage of CCS Indicators Commentary Relevance to CCS Development
Integrated Coastal Zone Management Plan (ICZMP)
The Study identifies which areas will be impacted in 2040 and 2100 as well as providing mitigation and adaptation measures for each area impacted, as follows:
• Discussion on climate change impact as influenced by Qatar’s coastal location;
• Negligible to low level of erosion along Qatar’s east coast by 2040;
• Higher impact to this period on west coast beaches;
• High erosion across east and west coasts by 2100; and
• Port operations to be affected (high impact) by 2040 and 2100 due to Sea Level Rise (SLR).
Focuses on coastal environment, particularly SLR component that has a direct impact on built form and infrastructure.
Observe suggested coastal setbacks for future development / reference findings of this study in any future policy (as relevant) to contribute to CCS.
Findings in this study will be used in the situation analysis and risk assessment to identify areas subject to inundations for which adaption polices or mitigation measures will be developed. These would be incorporated in the CCS as appropriate.
Qatar National Development Strategy (QNDS) 2011-2016
The QNDS identifies a number of key environmental and climate change issues that will impact Qatar between 2008 and 2032, including:
• Need to reduce carbon dioxide emissions which contribute to GHG in order to reduce Qatar’s contributions to climate change;
• As a small coastal country, Qatar is vulnerable to sea level rise;
• Climate change scenarios envision more weather extremes, which could mean heavy local flooding and sandstorms;
• Acknowledgement of strains placed upon biodiversity by climate change;
• Aspiration – Qatar will develop a national policy to manage air pollution, greenhouse gas emissions and the broader challenges of climate change. All sectors of society - especially the private sector - have a role.
Provides a good summary of key environmental issues, however, specific mitigation and adaption measures from an urban planning perspective are required. The document is a strategy and high-level outcomes/recommendations of the CCS could be built into the updated QNDS.
The CCS would act as a means of responding to QNDS policy / goals. For example, using the CCS tools to determine GHG emissions from particular land uses could be used to determine how this should influence future land use planning (structure / master planning).
QNDS drives all national sectors to manage the challenges of climate change. It also calls for development of a national policy. Relevant elements of the CCS could be incorporated into the National policy and new version of the QNDS.
Qatar National Vision (QNV) 2030
First Pillar – Human Development
• A Healthy Population: Physically and Mentally
Second Pillar - Social Development
• An increased regional role economically, politically, and culturally, particularly within the framework of the Gulf Cooperation Council the Arab League and the Organization of Islamic Conference
Third Pillar - Economic Development
• Suitable economic diversification: A diversified economy that includes the promotion of a knowledge-based economy that is innovative, entrepreneurial, supported by world-class infrastructure, efficient, transparent, and accountable to government
Fourth Pillar - Environmental Development
• A balance between development need and protecting the environment:
• A legal system that protects the environment and can respond to new challenges
• Environmental institutions that encourage environmentally sound technologies
• Comprehensive urban development plan for Qatar that adopts sustainable policy in managing urban expansion and population distribution
• A proactive and significant regional role in assessing the impact of climate change and mitigating its negative impacts, especially on countries of the Gulf
• Support for international efforts to mitigate the effects of climate change
High level vision / aspiration only – to be addressed / delivered through the QNDS
Ensure that future policy out of the CCS project responds (where possible) to potential for mitigation and adaption through the land use planning process.
Policy Development Initiatives
State of Qatar
Ministry of Environment
Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs) Report
19 November 2015
This document was submitted as part of the COP21, held in Paris in 2015. The document summarises the actions being undertaken in Qatar currently to manage the following:
• Economic diversification with mitigation co-benefits (energy efficiency, clean energy and renewables, research and development, education, tourism)
• Adaptation actions with mitigation co-benefits (water management, infrastructure and transport, waste management, awareness)
• Response measures
• Timeframe
• Monitoring and reporting
• Fairness and ambition
This document submitted to COP21 satisfies some of the INDCs requirements (UNFCC, 2014). However, a number of aspects are either missing or do not have sufficient information to inform the reader of how the action is being or will be undertaken in the future, who will be responsible, the timeframe, and the drivers to deliver e.g. voluntary, statutory etc.
Renewable energy highlighted as important but states that the country will need ‘support, especially, technology transfer’.
Unknown how research mechanisms will be utilised to diversify the economy and whether there are the public/private relationships to drive this.
In addition, there has been no commitment to reducing emissions.
Demonstrates that there are actions being undertaken and planned, however, does not provide the details of entities who will drive these and the overall role of the government.
Future submitted INDCs may include further detail. The outcomes/ recommendations associated with this project could be seen as an active way of managing risk within the State of Qatar.
17Climate Change Strategy | Data Collection and Data Assessment
3.2 Planning Regulations Evaluation
Based on our assessment of existing studies, strategies, plans and policies in Section 3.1, we determined the QNDF is and will be the main driver of the planning framework and regulation that can be directly amended or further developed, to mitigate or adapt to climate change impacts. This would also drive impact mitigation and adaption in subsidiary plans. We evaluated the QNDF planning regulations (policies and policy actions) in relation to the CCS, with particular sections of the development framework assessed to identify CC impacts and any gaps in the development framework indicating CC impact risk (Table 3-2). The policy recommendations provided in Table 3-2 will eventually form part of and will be built into the Climate Change Strategy where possible.
18Climate Change Strategy | Data Collection and Data Assessment
Tab
le 3
-2:
Qat
ar N
atio
nal D
evel
op
men
t F
ram
ewo
rk E
valu
atio
n
QN
DF
P
lann
ing
R
ef.
Clim
ate
Cha
nge
Influ
ence
Fra
mew
ork
Eva
luat
ion
of
Clim
ate
Cha
nge
Ind
icat
or
Gap
s in
the
dev
elo
pm
ent
fram
ewo
rk (i
n ur
ban
pla
nnin
g c
ont
ext)
P
olic
y R
eco
mm
end
atio
ns -
A
dap
tion
Po
licy
Rec
om
men
dat
ions
-
Miti
gat
ion
BE
1.3
Fig
3.2
Fig
3.3
Oce
ans
Wea
ther
and
C
limat
e
Maj
or p
opul
atio
n ce
ntre
s lie
on
the
coas
t in
Qat
ar.
In th
e Q
ND
F S
patia
l S
trat
egy
Con
cept
203
2 (F
ig 3
.2),
all m
ajor
cap
ital
city
cen
tres
, met
ropo
litan
ce
ntre
s an
d to
wn
cent
res
are
coas
tal w
ith th
e ex
cept
ion
of A
l Sha
hani
ya.
Mos
t urb
an la
nd is
ad
jace
nt to
the
coas
t (Fi
g 3.
3) (B
E-1
.3).
This
incl
udes
re
deve
lopm
ent/
re-n
ewel
of
exis
ting
tow
n ce
ntre
s.
Ther
e is
a v
ery
real
ris
k of
floo
ding
or
inun
datio
n of
larg
e ar
eas
of c
entr
al D
oha.
Maj
or e
cono
mic
zon
es, a
larg
e pr
opor
tion
of re
side
ntia
l hou
sing
, util
ities
and
tr
ansp
orta
tion
infra
stru
ctur
e ar
e un
der
thre
at.
Mee
ting
the
basi
c ne
eds
of p
ower
and
wat
er
supp
ly w
ould
be
near
ly im
poss
ible
in th
e ev
ent o
f a fl
oodi
ng o
r in
unda
tion
of la
rge
area
s of
Doh
a, e
spec
ially
giv
en th
e w
ater
su
pply
is b
etw
een
2 an
d 5
days
.
Con
side
r flo
od r
isk
base
d on
pr
ojec
ted
sea
leve
l ris
e in
all
new
de
velo
pmen
t pro
ject
s.
Res
tric
t dev
elop
men
ts fr
om
occu
rrin
g on
land
whe
re th
ere
is
high
floo
d ris
k an
d su
bjec
t to
sea
leve
l ris
e (E
NV
4-3)
.
Enf
orce
LC
14-3
, whi
ch re
quire
s th
at
appl
icat
ions
for
coas
tal w
ater
front
de
velo
pmen
t will
not b
e pe
rmitt
ed
unle
ss th
ey p
rovi
de d
irect
pub
lic
acce
ss a
nd fa
cilit
ies
such
as
pede
stria
n w
alkw
ays,
bik
eway
s,
publ
ic a
rt, a
nd re
fresh
men
t fac
ilitie
s an
d pu
blic
con
veni
ence
s al
ong
the
fore
shor
e th
roug
h de
velo
per
cont
ribut
ions
and
Gov
ernm
ent
prog
ram
s.
Dev
elop
men
t of p
hysi
cal p
rote
ctio
n ba
sed
on m
odel
s of
eac
h ar
ea.
Rec
onsi
der
re-d
evel
opm
ent a
nd
rene
wal
of a
reas
imm
edia
tely
ad
jace
nt to
the
coas
t for
mix
ed
use,
bui
lt en
viro
nmen
t or
econ
omic
pu
rpos
es.
Con
side
r in
corp
orat
ing
gree
n zo
nes
and
spor
ting/
tour
ist i
nfra
stru
ctur
e as
coa
stal
pro
tect
ion
area
s an
d de
velo
ping
a re
trea
t str
ateg
y fro
m
2032
onw
ard.
Dev
elop
men
t of e
mer
genc
y re
spon
se p
lans
for
flood
ing
and
maj
or s
torm
sur
ge, i
nclu
ding
ev
acua
tion
area
s an
d m
eetin
g ba
sic
need
s, in
clud
ing
food
, wat
er a
nd
med
ical
.
19Climate Change Strategy | Data Collection and Data Assessment
QN
DF
P
lann
ing
R
ef.
Clim
ate
Cha
nge
Influ
ence
Fra
mew
ork
Eva
luat
ion
of
Clim
ate
Cha
nge
Ind
icat
or
Gap
s in
the
dev
elo
pm
ent
fram
ewo
rk (i
n ur
ban
pla
nnin
g c
ont
ext)
P
olic
y R
eco
mm
end
atio
ns -
A
dap
tion
Po
licy
Rec
om
men
dat
ions
-
Miti
gat
ion
BE
7.1
Oce
ans
/ W
eath
er a
nd
Clim
ate
The
QN
DF
(in B
E7.
1)
prop
oses
a fo
cus
on th
e co
rnic
he a
s th
e ce
ntre
of
Doh
a. T
his
actio
n pr
omot
es th
e ce
ntre
of
Doh
a to
be
base
d by
a
recl
aim
ed la
nd s
truc
ture
cl
ose
to s
ea le
vel.
The
impl
icat
ion
of m
akin
g th
e co
rnic
e th
e ce
ntre
of t
he c
ity w
ill m
ean
that
in th
e lo
ng te
rm it
cou
ld e
ither
be
lost
or
requ
ire
subs
tant
ial d
efen
ces
asso
ciat
ed w
ith s
ea
leve
l ris
e.
Mor
e pe
ople
live
in D
oha
than
any
oth
er a
rea
of Q
atar
(~95
0,00
0 ou
t of t
he 2
.4 m
illion
po
pula
tion
tota
l) an
d at
a fa
r gr
eate
r de
nsity
(4
,353
per
km
2 in
Doh
a, c
ompa
red
with
285
pe
r km
2 in
the
next
mos
t den
sely
pop
ulat
ed
mun
icip
ality
Um
m S
lal).
Thi
s is
put
ting
busi
ness
and
hou
sing
at r
isk
by s
ubje
ctin
g th
e po
pula
tion
to p
rope
rty
dam
age
and
asso
ciat
ed h
ealth
ris
k.
A s
peci
al n
ote
is m
ade
of th
e Is
lam
ic
Mus
eum
and
The
Qat
ar N
atio
nal M
useu
m
bein
g de
velo
ped
alon
g th
e S
outh
ern
end
of th
e co
rnic
he.
From
a r
isk
to s
ocie
ty
stan
dpoi
nt, t
hese
loca
tions
are
app
ropr
iate
fo
r th
ese
type
s of
dev
elop
men
ts. H
owev
er, i
t w
ould
be
an in
cred
ible
loss
for
antiq
uitie
s in
th
e M
useu
m o
f Isl
amic
Art
to b
e da
mag
ed in
a
Sto
rm s
urge
eve
nt.
Any
new
dev
elop
men
ts n
eed
to c
onsi
der
flood
ris
k ba
sed
on
proj
ecte
d se
a le
vel r
ise
in th
e flo
od
stud
y, IC
ZMP
and
furt
her
stud
ies.
Res
tric
t dev
elop
men
ts fr
om
occu
rrin
g on
land
whe
re th
ere
is
high
floo
d ris
k an
d su
bjec
t to
sea
leve
l ris
e (E
NV
4-3)
.
Enf
orce
requ
irem
ents
of L
C14
-3
- th
at a
pplic
atio
ns fo
r co
asta
l w
ater
front
dev
elop
men
t will
not b
e pe
rmitt
ed u
nles
s th
ey p
rovi
de d
irect
pu
blic
acc
ess
and
faci
litie
s su
ch a
s pe
dest
rian
wal
kway
s, b
ikew
ays,
pu
blic
art
, and
refre
shm
ent f
acilit
ies
and
publ
ic c
onve
nien
ces
alon
g th
e fo
resh
ore
thro
ugh
deve
lope
r co
ntrib
utio
ns a
nd G
over
nmen
t pr
ogra
ms.
Dev
elop
men
t of p
hysi
cal p
rote
ctio
n fo
r th
e W
est B
ay a
nd D
ownt
own
Doh
a ce
ntre
s.
Pos
sibl
y in
corp
orat
ing
gree
n zo
nes
and
spor
ting/
tour
ist i
nfra
stru
ctur
e as
coa
stal
pro
tect
ion
area
s ar
ound
W
est B
ay a
nd D
ownt
own
Doh
a as
pa
rt o
f dev
elop
ing
a re
trea
t str
ateg
y fro
m 2
032
onw
ard.
LC13
LC14
BE
15
GH
GW
ater
Con
sum
ptio
nLa
rge
area
s se
t asi
de fo
r gr
een
spac
e (g
reen
belt
and
park
s).
This
pol
icy
coul
d po
tent
ially
hav
e a
nega
tive
impa
ct, a
s it
will
incr
ease
pre
ssur
es o
n w
ater
su
pply
thro
ugh
area
s be
com
ing
gras
sed/
plan
ted.
Thi
s w
ill in
crea
se p
ress
ure
on a
n al
read
y sc
arce
wat
er re
sour
ce.
Res
tric
t pla
ntin
g to
thos
e th
at a
re
adap
ted
to a
n ar
id e
nviro
nmen
t.
This
wou
ld re
duce
wat
er
cons
umpt
ion
but a
lso
prov
ide
habi
tat f
or re
gion
al a
vian
and
faun
a sp
ecie
s.
Use
TS
E fo
r irr
igat
ion.
Thi
s w
ould
ha
ve th
e du
al b
enefi
t of u
sing
less
po
tabl
e w
ater
, whi
ch w
ould
redu
ce
gree
nhou
se g
as e
mis
sion
and
foss
il fu
el c
onsu
mpt
ion
but a
lso
redu
ce
rate
of g
roun
dwat
er a
bstr
actio
n.
20Climate Change Strategy | Data Collection and Data Assessment
QN
DF
P
lann
ing
R
ef.
Clim
ate
Cha
nge
Influ
ence
Fra
mew
ork
Eva
luat
ion
of
Clim
ate
Cha
nge
Ind
icat
or
Gap
s in
the
dev
elo
pm
ent
fram
ewo
rk (i
n ur
ban
pla
nnin
g c
ont
ext)
P
olic
y R
eco
mm
end
atio
ns -
A
dap
tion
Po
licy
Rec
om
men
dat
ions
-
Miti
gat
ion
BE
6
BE
9
BE
10
BE
11
EP
GH
GE
lect
ricity
Con
sum
ptio
n th
ough
t bui
ldin
g co
olin
g.
It is
est
imat
ed b
etw
een
70-8
0 %
of
elec
tric
ity u
se in
bui
ldin
gs is
con
sum
ed b
y ai
r co
nditi
onin
g sy
stem
s. It
can
be
conc
lude
d th
at a
ir co
nditi
onin
g is
a p
riorit
y em
issi
on
sour
ce, l
eadi
ng to
indi
rect
rele
ase
of G
HG
.
The
per
capi
ta a
nnua
l con
sum
ptio
n of
el
ectr
ical
ene
rgy
is e
xpec
ted
to c
ontin
ue
incr
easi
ng o
ver
the
com
ing
year
s. T
here
is a
gr
owin
g de
man
d fo
r el
ectr
icity
, due
to u
rban
ex
pans
ion.
With
the
plan
to m
ove
the
econ
omy
away
fro
m c
onst
ruct
ion
and
labo
ur in
tens
e ac
tiviti
es, t
he la
rge
cons
truc
tion
labo
ur
wor
kfor
ce, w
ho a
t the
201
5 M
inis
try
of
Dev
elop
men
t Pla
nnin
g an
d S
tatis
tics
(MD
PS
) ce
nsus
sta
tistic
s co
mpr
ised
~60
% o
f the
po
pula
tion,
wou
ld re
duce
(as
deta
iled
in
the
Sec
ond
Hum
an D
evel
opm
ent R
epor
t –
Adv
anci
ng S
usta
inab
le D
evel
opm
ent,
Bey
ond
Car
bon
Sce
nario
, GS
DP,
200
9).
It is
exp
ecte
d th
e ex
patr
iate
wor
kfor
ce w
ould
gr
adua
lly b
ecom
e m
ore
afflu
ent a
s th
e la
bour
w
orkf
orce
is re
plac
ed w
ith w
hite
-col
lar
empl
oyee
s. W
ith h
ighe
r co
nsum
ptio
n ra
tes
and
with
acc
ompa
nyin
g fa
mily
mem
bers
it
is lo
gica
l to
pred
ict t
he p
er c
apita
use
of
elec
tric
ity in
the
built
env
ironm
ent w
ould
in
crea
se o
ver
time.
Upt
ake
of c
lean
resi
dent
ial e
nerg
y ha
s no
t oc
curr
ed a
t the
sam
e ra
te a
s ot
her
afflu
ent
soci
etie
s be
caus
e el
ectr
icity
is fr
ee fo
r na
tiona
ls a
nd e
ither
cov
ered
or
chea
p fo
r ex
patr
iate
s. I
n ad
ditio
n, th
e ra
te o
f hom
e ow
ners
hip
is li
mite
d to
Qat
ari n
atio
nals
(o
utsi
de c
erta
in a
reas
of t
he P
earl)
. Th
is
will
likel
y co
ntin
ue u
nles
s th
ere
is a
fina
ncia
l in
cent
ive
to lo
ok a
t opt
ions
like
resi
dent
ial
phot
o vo
ltaic
cel
ls fo
r ex
ampl
e.
Ada
ptio
n m
easu
res
such
as
GS
AS
E
nerg
y S
tand
ards
for
indi
vidu
al
build
ings
and
dev
elop
men
ts a
s pa
rt
of th
e ne
w Q
atar
Bui
ldin
g S
tand
ards
(u
nder
way
).
Follo
win
g ne
w tr
aditi
onal
ele
men
ts
in b
uild
ing
stan
dard
s as
wel
l as
vario
us p
olic
ies
and
polic
y ac
tions
in
the
Bui
lt E
nviro
nmen
t Sec
tion
of th
e Q
ND
F (p
artic
ular
ly B
E6
and
BE
10) c
over
ing
the
inco
rpor
atio
n of
trad
ition
al Q
atar
i win
d to
wer
s an
d co
vere
d co
nnec
ted
neig
hbou
rhoo
ds, t
here
may
be
oppo
rtun
ity to
impr
ove
ener
gy
effic
ienc
y of
the
build
env
ironm
ent.
Pos
sibl
e ar
eas
coul
d be
iden
tified
fo
r in
stal
latio
n of
sol
ar, w
ind
or
wav
e po
wer
pla
nts
to s
uppl
emen
t th
e ex
istin
g fo
ssil
fuel
driv
en p
lant
s.
This
wou
ld a
lso
aid
ener
gy s
ecur
ity.
A s
ubsi
dize
d ph
otov
olta
ic re
side
ntia
l pr
ogra
m c
ould
be
prop
osed
in th
e C
CS
.
‘Tar
shee
d’ is
an
ongo
ing
natio
nal
cam
paig
n be
ing
unde
rtak
en b
y th
e Q
atar
Ele
ctric
ity a
nd W
ater
C
ompa
ny (Q
EW
C).
Lau
nche
d in
20
12, i
t aim
s to
redu
ce e
lect
ricity
co
nsum
ptio
n by
20%
and
wat
er
cons
umpt
ion
by 3
5% o
ver
five
year
s. A
s of
Apr
il 20
16, T
arsh
eed
has
help
ed re
duce
per
cap
ita
elec
tric
ity a
nd w
ater
con
sum
ptio
n by
14%
and
17%
resp
ectiv
ely
(The
P
enin
sula
, 25
Apr
il 21
6).
21Climate Change Strategy | Data Collection and Data Assessment
QN
DF
P
lann
ing
R
ef.
Clim
ate
Cha
nge
Influ
ence
Fra
mew
ork
Eva
luat
ion
of
Clim
ate
Cha
nge
Ind
icat
or
Gap
s in
the
dev
elo
pm
ent
fram
ewo
rk (i
n ur
ban
pla
nnin
g c
ont
ext)
P
olic
y R
eco
mm
end
atio
ns -
A
dap
tion
Po
licy
Rec
om
men
dat
ions
-
Miti
gat
ion
Wat
er C
onsu
mpt
ion
– le
adin
g to
GH
G e
mis
sion
s an
d a
risk
to w
ater
se
curit
y
The
Incr
easi
ng a
fflue
nce
and
poss
ible
ac
cele
ratio
n of
this
pro
cess
with
the
chan
ging
eco
nom
y as
des
crib
ed a
bove
may
ca
use
incr
ease
d w
ater
con
sum
ptio
n.
Wat
er c
onsu
mpt
ion
and
the
incr
ease
in
dem
and
will
be e
xace
rbat
ed b
y tw
o cl
imat
e ch
ange
impa
cts,
GH
G e
mis
sion
s an
d po
tent
ial S
LR fl
oodi
ng o
r in
unda
tion.
Whi
le a
ll ev
iden
ce s
ugge
sts
TSE
use
will
incr
ease
in fu
ture
yea
rs, d
esal
inat
ion
will
cont
inue
to m
eet t
he n
eeds
of t
he p
opul
atio
n fo
r po
tabl
e w
ater
sup
ply,
mea
ning
ther
e w
ill st
ill be
con
side
rabl
e ris
k of
GH
G e
mis
sion
s an
d w
ater
sec
urity
.
Pos
sibl
y re
quire
gre
y w
ater
recy
clin
g sy
stem
s be
inst
alle
d in
new
co
nstr
uctio
ns.
Follo
w u
p ed
ucat
ion
cam
paig
n to
Ta
rshe
ed.
‘Tar
shee
d’ is
an
ongo
ing
natio
nal
cam
paig
n be
ing
unde
rtak
en b
y th
e Q
atar
Ele
ctric
ity a
nd W
ater
C
ompa
ny (Q
EW
C).
Lau
nche
d in
20
12, i
t aim
s to
redu
ce e
lect
ricity
co
nsum
ptio
n by
20%
and
wat
er
cons
umpt
ion
by 3
5% o
ver
five
year
s. A
s of
Apr
il 20
16, T
arsh
eed
has
help
ed re
duce
per
cap
ita
elec
tric
ity a
nd w
ater
con
sum
ptio
n by
14%
and
17%
resp
ectiv
ely
(The
P
enin
sula
, 25
Apr
il 21
6).
EP
1O
cean
s /
Wea
ther
and
C
limat
e
Sea
Lev
el R
ise
QP
Indu
stria
l Citi
es
The
QN
V a
nd Q
ND
F sp
ecifi
cally
in E
P1
- en
cour
age
grow
th a
nd fu
rthe
r in
vest
men
t w
ithin
QP
Indu
stria
l Citi
es.
How
ever
, som
e of
thes
e lo
catio
ns c
ould
be
at r
isk
of fl
oodi
ng
caus
ed b
y ris
ing
sea
leve
ls a
ssoc
iate
d w
ith
clim
ate
chan
ge.
Spe
cify
requ
irem
ents
for
new
de
velo
pmen
ts to
und
erta
ke a
floo
d ris
k as
sess
men
t and
inco
rpor
ate
suita
ble
adap
tion
mea
sure
s.
(Con
sist
ent w
ith re
quire
men
ts o
f Q
ND
F E
NV
2).
Inst
all fl
ood
defe
nces
for
vuln
erab
le
faci
litie
s.
This
are
a is
out
side
the
MM
E’s
ju
risdi
ctio
n so
miti
gatio
n m
easu
res
are
incl
uded
for
refe
renc
e on
ly.
M6-
2O
cean
s /
Wea
ther
and
C
limat
e
Sea
Lev
el R
ise
Two
of th
ree
econ
omic
zon
es (P
ort
and
Airp
ort)
are
eith
er o
n th
e co
ast o
r im
med
iate
ly a
djac
ent t
o it.
Apa
rt fr
om th
e di
rect
ris
k to
bus
ines
s,
hous
ing
and
resi
dent
s th
emse
lves
cau
sed
by
dam
age
of b
uild
ings
and
infra
stru
ctur
e, th
ere
is th
e se
cond
ary
risk
that
thes
e ar
terie
s to
th
e w
orld
will
not f
unct
ion
dela
ying
the
relie
f ef
fort
.
Spe
cify
requ
irem
ents
for
new
de
velo
pmen
ts to
und
erta
ke a
floo
d ris
k as
sess
men
t and
inco
rpor
ate
suita
ble
adap
tion
mea
sure
s (S
pelle
d ou
t in
QN
DF
EN
V2)
.
App
licat
ions
for
the
deve
lopm
ent i
n de
sign
ated
Coa
stal
Zon
e P
rote
ctio
n A
reas
or
area
s su
bjec
t to
eros
ion,
in
unda
tion,
sto
rm s
urge
and
sea
le
vel r
ise,
will
not b
e pe
rmitt
ed
(EN
V4-
3)
Inst
all fl
ood
defe
nces
for
vuln
erab
le
faci
litie
s, w
ithin
the
impa
ct z
one.
M1.
4O
cean
s /
Wea
ther
and
C
limat
e
SLR
/Flo
odin
gW
ithin
the
Cap
ital C
ity P
reci
nct D
oha
Met
ro a
nd lo
ng d
ista
nce
rail
rout
es w
ill be
lo
cate
d un
derg
roun
d. U
nder
grou
nd r
ailw
ay
infra
stru
ctur
e w
ill be
at g
reat
er r
isk
of
flood
ing
than
ove
rland
infra
stru
ctur
e
May
requ
ire s
ea d
efen
ces
or la
rge
scal
e pr
otec
tion/
de-w
ater
ing
syst
em.
22Climate Change Strategy | Data Collection and Data Assessment
QN
DF
P
lann
ing
R
ef.
Clim
ate
Cha
nge
Influ
ence
Fra
mew
ork
Eva
luat
ion
of
Clim
ate
Cha
nge
Ind
icat
or
Gap
s in
the
dev
elo
pm
ent
fram
ewo
rk (i
n ur
ban
pla
nnin
g c
ont
ext)
P
olic
y R
eco
mm
end
atio
ns -
A
dap
tion
Po
licy
Rec
om
men
dat
ions
-
Miti
gat
ion
Und
ergr
ound
rai
lway
in
frast
ruct
ure
may
be
at
risk
of d
amag
e fro
m S
LR
or fl
oodi
ng.
The
viab
ility
of th
e ra
il sy
stem
is im
port
ant t
o re
duce
relia
nce
of th
e ca
r, a
key
part
of t
he
inte
grat
ed tr
ansp
ort s
trat
egy
deta
iled
in th
e m
ovem
ent s
ectio
n of
the
QN
DF.
With
out a
n ea
sy to
use
and
effi
cien
t pub
lic
tran
spor
tatio
n sy
stem
GH
G e
mis
sion
s fro
m
vehi
cle
use
wou
ld li
kely
incr
ease
.
SLR
/Flo
odin
g
Maj
or in
frast
ruct
ure
and
desa
linat
ion
plan
ts a
t ris
k of
inun
datio
n an
d se
vere
dam
age
from
SLR
flo
odin
g or
sto
rm s
urge
. Th
e cr
eate
s a
maj
or r
isk
to
wat
er s
ecur
ity
Bot
h th
e P
ort a
nd N
ew A
irpor
t are
on
the
coas
t and
hav
e so
me
elem
ents
of r
ecla
imed
la
nd.
As
mos
t of Q
atar
’s fo
od is
impo
rted
, in
terr
uptio
n to
the
coun
trie
s m
ajor
tr
ansp
ort h
ubs
for
a m
onth
or
mor
e co
uld
have
cat
astr
ophi
c co
nseq
uenc
es.
Whe
n co
nsid
erin
g w
ater
rese
rvoi
rs o
nly
hold
2-5
da
ys’ s
uppl
y, a
ny d
amag
e to
thes
e fa
cilit
ies
may
act
ually
bec
ome
an a
cute
issu
e w
ithin
a
wee
k sh
ould
ther
e be
a m
ajor
inun
datio
n ev
ent.
It w
ould
del
ay th
e re
lief e
ffort
at a
m
inim
um.
Furt
her,
spac
e ha
s no
t bee
n se
t asi
de fo
r m
ulti-
year
wat
er re
serv
oir(s
) cap
acity
. Sho
uld
desa
linat
ion
plan
ts a
nd o
r co
nvey
ance
sy
stem
s be
inun
date
d, a
sig
nific
ant
prop
ortio
n of
the
popu
latio
n m
ay b
e at
ris
k du
e to
the
lack
of a
vaila
bilit
y of
suf
ficie
nt
fresh
wat
er. U
tility
cor
ridor
s ru
n fro
m th
e co
ast a
nd a
re p
oten
tially
at r
isk
from
maj
or
SLR
floo
ding
eve
nts.
A v
ulne
rabl
e w
ater
sup
ply
syst
em w
ith li
mite
d em
erge
ncy
supp
ly c
ould
lead
to c
atas
trop
hic
loss
of l
ife in
an
emer
genc
y.
Inco
rpor
ate
land
for
mul
ti-ye
ar
rese
rvoi
rs in
to th
e C
CS
, or
exis
ting
plan
s th
at s
take
hold
ers
may
hav
e in
pr
oces
s.
Pro
pose
SLR
and
sur
ge d
efen
ces
are
asse
ssed
and
impr
oved
as
nece
ssar
y.
Rev
iew
of t
he c
onve
yanc
e ne
twor
k to
redu
ce lo
sses
.
Phy
sica
l pro
tect
ion
mea
sure
s to
be
des
igne
d an
d in
stal
led
at c
ritic
al
infra
stru
ctur
e su
ch a
s w
ater
and
po
wer
pla
nts.
23Climate Change Strategy | Data Collection and Data Assessment
QN
DF
P
lann
ing
R
ef.
Clim
ate
Cha
nge
Influ
ence
Fra
mew
ork
Eva
luat
ion
of
Clim
ate
Cha
nge
Ind
icat
or
Gap
s in
the
dev
elo
pm
ent
fram
ewo
rk (i
n ur
ban
pla
nnin
g c
ont
ext)
P
olic
y R
eco
mm
end
atio
ns -
A
dap
tion
Po
licy
Rec
om
men
dat
ions
-
Miti
gat
ion
SLR
/Flo
odin
g ca
usin
g m
ajor
dam
age
to p
ower
pl
ants
and
coa
stal
util
ity
corr
idor
s w
ith a
ris
k to
en
ergy
sec
urity
and
wat
er
secu
rity.
All
elec
tric
ity g
ener
atio
n is
cur
rent
ly lo
cate
d on
the
coas
tline
.
Giv
en th
e pe
rman
ent p
opul
atio
n co
mm
ittee
(P
PC
) has
pub
lishe
d th
at m
ore
than
hal
f (5
4%) o
f Qat
ar’s
wat
er re
quire
men
t is
met
th
ough
des
alin
atio
n w
hich
requ
ires
the
co-lo
cate
d po
wer
pla
nt to
ope
rate
, the
co
untr
y is
vul
nera
ble
from
a w
ater
sec
urity
st
andp
oint
.
Dam
age
to a
ny o
ne o
f the
pow
er p
lant
s w
ould
put
a s
igni
fican
t str
ain
on s
uppl
y of
pow
er to
the
coun
try
as a
who
le a
nd
mee
ting
dem
ands
of w
ater
sup
ply
also
.
Con
side
r al
low
ing
area
s fo
r in
land
an
d/or
rene
wab
le p
ower
pla
nts.
Phy
sica
l pro
tect
ion
mea
sure
s to
be
des
igne
d an
d in
stal
led
at c
ritic
al
infra
stru
ctur
e su
ch a
s w
ater
and
po
wer
pla
nts.
24Climate Change Strategy | Data Collection and Data Assessment
3.3 Data and Information Evaluation
Critical climate change indicators for Qatar have been identified based on the review of the data and information collected as detailed in Section 2.0. Further, climate change indicators identified in the QNDF framework evaluation as having risk and gaps in the planning context in the Strategic Environmental Assessment of the QNMP were used as the basis for the data review. Indicators previously identified has having risk in the planning context were considered priority CC indicators for the purpose of this data evaluation.
The risk of each critical climate change indicator was discussed. We also summarized data available to critically assess this indicator and associated risks in the Stage 3 Situation Analysis and Stage 4 Climate Change Strategy to be undertaken subsequently. Based on our review of the planning framework and context as detailed in Sections 3.1 and 3.2, we determined the ability to influence each climate change indicator and associated risk through urban planning.
The data assessment included a determination of whether sufficient data existed to support assessment of these critical indicators and eventual development of meaningful mitigation and adaption measures as part of the Stage 3 and 4 Situation Analysis, Risk Assessment and CCS. We identified alternative data sources where there were gaps in data and made recommendations as required.
Detailed supporting data and information for each climate change indicator is provided in Appendix D. This data and information was utilized to develop a prioritized summary of critical factors (Table 3-3) that will form and shape the Strategy to be developed in subsequent stages of the Project. The critical risks and the ability to respond to the risks through an urban planning policy objective have been prioritised based on a 0 to 3 rating system. The rating key is provided as a footnote to Table 3-3. Gaps in data for these critical risks and alternatives have been suggested to utilise during the situation analysis and risk assessment in Stage 3. Information in Section 3.3 and Section 3.2 will guide the development of the CCS in Stages 3 and 4 of the Project.
25Climate Change Strategy | Data Collection and Data Assessment
Tab
le 3
-3:
Sum
mar
y o
f C
ritic
al R
isk
Fac
tors
fo
r Q
atar
(pri
ori
tized
)
Pri
ori
tyQ
ND
F
Ref
:C
ritic
al C
limat
e C
hang
e In
dic
ato
r an
d R
isk
Sup
po
rtin
g d
ata
/ re
po
rts
Ab
ility
to
influ
ence
th
roug
h ur
ban
pla
nnin
gA
sses
smen
t/ D
ata
Gap
Alte
rnat
ives
/ R
eco
mm
end
atio
n
3B
E1.
3
Fig
3.2
Fig
3.3
BE
7.1
Oce
ans
and
Wea
ther
-
Ext
rem
e vu
lner
abilit
y of
Q
atar
to c
limat
e ch
ange
im
pact
s du
e to
exi
stin
g ve
ry
high
tem
pera
ture
s, v
ery
low
pr
ecip
itatio
n, lo
w la
nd fo
rm
Max
imum
tem
pera
ture
s in
the
sum
mer
ar
e ne
ar 5
0 °C
. Te
mpe
ratu
res
have
be
en h
ighe
r in
rece
nt y
ears
than
the
long
-ter
m a
vera
ge, a
nd a
re e
xpec
ted
to r
ise
by a
bout
2 °
C in
the
next
15-
20
year
s. Q
atar
rece
ived
app
roxi
mat
ely
80 m
m o
f rai
n pe
r ye
ar b
efor
e 19
90,
but p
reci
pita
tion
in re
cent
yea
rs h
as
been
bel
ow th
is, a
nd is
exp
ecte
d to
con
tinue
a tr
end
of in
crea
sed
varia
bilit
y in
the
futu
re.
Of t
he M
EN
A
coun
trie
s, Q
atar
is th
e m
ost v
ulne
rabl
e to
sea
leve
l ris
e, w
ith a
1 m
ris
e in
sea
le
vel a
ffect
ing
abou
t 3%
of i
ts la
nd
area
.
1 –
Focu
s ur
ban
plan
ning
aw
ay fr
om th
e co
astli
ne
and
on h
ighe
r gr
ound
to
redu
ce th
e im
pact
of S
LR
Dat
a av
aila
ble
is s
uffic
ient
to
und
erta
ke a
sses
smen
t of
impa
cts
due
to
tem
pera
ture
s, p
reci
pita
tion
and
land
form
. Th
is
incl
udes
met
eoro
logi
cal
data
form
the
CA
A, l
and
use
data
from
the
MM
E
and
mod
ellin
g w
ork
from
th
e flo
od s
tudy
and
ICZM
P.
3B
E6
BE
9
BE
10
BE
11
EP
GH
G -
Ext
rem
ely
high
per
ca
pita
GH
G e
mis
sion
sR
elia
ble
curr
ent d
ata
are
not a
vaila
ble;
ho
wev
er, Q
atar
has
one
of t
he h
ighe
st
per
capi
ta G
HG
em
issi
ons
in th
e w
orld
, at a
bout
100
MtC
O2e
. M
uch
of th
at is
from
fluo
rinat
ed g
ases
as
soci
ated
with
air
cond
ition
ing:
thes
e ga
ses
have
1,0
00 –
10,
000
the
glob
al
war
min
g po
tent
ial o
f CO
2.
1 –
Red
uctio
n in
GH
G
emis
sion
s th
roug
h gr
een
build
ings
and
pro
visi
on
of a
ltern
ativ
e tr
ansp
ort
optio
ns
Pos
t-20
13 q
uant
itativ
e da
ta o
n ai
r qu
ality
is n
ot
avai
labl
e. 2
012
data
is
avai
labl
e. T
his
can
be
utiliz
ed w
ith p
opul
atio
n fig
ures
and
ene
rgy
use
brea
kdow
ns to
cre
ate
proj
ectio
ns re
quire
d in
S
tage
3 o
f the
Pro
ject
.
Util
ize
avai
labl
e 20
12 d
ata.
3Q
NM
P
Pop
ulat
ion
Pro
ject
ion
Uns
usta
inab
ly h
igh
popu
latio
n gr
owth
(cur
rent
and
exp
ecte
d)Fr
om p
re-1
990
popu
latio
n le
vels
of
unde
r 50
0,00
0, Q
atar
’s p
opul
atio
n ha
s gr
own
to a
roun
d 2.
6 m
illion
in
May
201
6. T
here
is n
o in
dica
tion
that
th
is tr
end
of v
ery
rapi
d gr
owth
will
be
slow
ing
dow
n in
the
near
futu
re.
1 –
Diffi
cult
to re
duce
po
pula
tion
grow
th w
ithou
t af
fect
ing
the
grow
ing
econ
omy
The
popu
latio
n pr
edic
tions
in
the
QN
MP
for
2018
ha
ve a
lread
y be
en
exce
eded
. Up
to d
ate
popu
latio
n pr
edic
tions
w
ith e
xpec
ted
num
bers
of
Qat
aris
vs.
non
-Qat
aris
are
no
t ava
ilabl
e.
Util
ize
glob
al m
acro
mod
el
and
anal
yst p
redi
ctio
ns
in th
e ab
senc
e of
go
vern
men
t dat
a.
It is
exp
ecte
d th
at re
vise
d po
pula
tion
pred
ictio
ns w
ill be
pub
lishe
d as
par
t of t
he
QN
DS
201
7 -2
022.
Und
erta
ke p
er c
apita
br
eakd
own
of s
tatis
tics
usin
g 20
15 c
ensu
s da
ta
whe
re p
ossi
ble.
26Climate Change Strategy | Data Collection and Data Assessment
Pri
ori
tyQ
ND
F
Ref
:C
ritic
al C
limat
e C
hang
e In
dic
ato
r an
d R
isk
Sup
po
rtin
g d
ata
/ re
po
rts
Ab
ility
to
influ
ence
th
roug
h ur
ban
pla
nnin
gA
sses
smen
t/ D
ata
Gap
Alte
rnat
ives
/ R
eco
mm
end
atio
n
3M
6-2
Eco
nom
y he
avily
relia
nt o
n oi
l an
d ga
s se
ctor
48%
of Q
atar
’s g
ross
out
put i
n 20
12
was
in o
il an
d ga
s ex
trac
tion,
and
oil/
gas
extr
actio
n ac
coun
ted
for
57%
of
Qat
ar’s
add
ed v
alue
.
2 P
rovi
ding
loca
tions
for
mor
e di
vers
ified
eco
nom
ic
sect
ors
Ther
e is
suf
ficie
nt
info
rmat
ion
avai
labl
e in
the
QN
MP
to u
nder
stan
d w
hat
area
s ha
ve b
een
set a
side
fo
r eco
nom
ic d
iver
sific
atio
n an
d to
ass
ess
thes
e fo
r cl
imat
e ch
ange
impa
cts.
The
spat
ial p
lann
ing
fram
ewor
k its
elf d
oes
not d
rive
econ
omic
di
vers
ifica
tion.
Are
as h
ave
been
set
as
ide
for
dive
rsifi
catio
n of
th
e ec
onom
y. W
e w
ould
as
sess
thes
e ar
eas
for
clim
ate
chan
ge im
pact
s;
incl
ude
sea
leve
l ris
e/st
orm
effe
cts
and
GH
G
emis
sion
s.
3B
E6
BE
9
BE
10
BE
11
EP
GH
G -
Ver
y hi
gh p
er c
apita
en
ergy
con
sum
ptio
n,
extr
emel
y hi
gh re
lianc
e on
en
ergy
for
life
Per
cap
ita e
nerg
y us
e, a
t ap
prox
imat
ely
16,0
00 k
wh/
yr, i
s am
ongs
t the
wor
ld’s
hig
hest
if n
ot th
e hi
ghes
t, an
d gr
owin
g. I
n su
mm
er, a
ir co
nditi
onin
g is
virt
ually
ess
entia
l.
2 In
stal
latio
n/re
trofi
t of
ener
gy e
ffici
ent m
easu
res
and
effic
ienc
y st
anda
rds,
su
ppor
t for
less
ene
rgy
inte
nsiv
e ac
tiviti
es
Mac
ro e
nerg
y da
ta is
av
aila
ble
as a
re h
igh
leve
l br
eakd
owns
pub
lishe
d by
Mei
er e
t al.
in 2
013.
W
e kn
ow b
uild
ing
air
cond
ition
ing
syst
ems
use
70-8
0 %
of o
vera
ll el
ectr
icity
con
sum
ed.
We
will
be a
ble
to d
evel
op
proj
ectio
ns w
ith th
is
info
rmat
ion
and
cens
us
data
.
Ther
e ar
e no
t acc
urat
e en
ergy
use
bre
akdo
wns
be
twee
n Q
atar
i, w
hite
co
llar
and
blue
-col
lar
part
s of
the
popu
latio
n. T
his
will
not l
ikel
y be
requ
ired
for
deve
lopm
ent o
f the
CC
S
but i
t wou
ld b
e re
ason
able
to
incl
ude
trac
king
this
in
form
atio
n as
par
t of t
he
CC
S.
3LC
13
LC14
BE
15
GH
G -
Ver
y hi
gh p
er c
apita
w
ater
con
sum
ptio
n, w
ater
pr
oduc
ed u
sing
hig
h am
ount
s of
ene
rgy
Wat
er u
se p
er c
apita
, at a
bout
600
lit
res/
day,
is a
mon
gst t
he h
ighe
st in
th
e w
orld
. M
ost o
f Qat
ar’s
wat
er
is p
rodu
ced
thro
ugh
desa
linat
ion.
N
on-Q
atar
is u
se a
bout
one
-sev
enth
as
muc
h as
Qat
aris
, so
a sw
itch
in
popu
latio
n fro
m a
con
stru
ctio
n to
a
mor
e pe
rman
ent w
orkf
orce
wou
ld
exac
erba
te th
is.
0Th
ere
is s
uffic
ient
in
form
atio
n co
verin
g co
nsum
ptio
n an
d br
eakd
own
of
cons
umpt
ion
betw
een
irrig
atio
n, p
ublic
use
. W
e ha
ve in
form
atio
n on
lo
sses
and
ele
ctric
ity
cons
umpt
ion
of w
ater
pr
oduc
tion.
27Climate Change Strategy | Data Collection and Data Assessment
Pri
ori
tyQ
ND
F
Ref
:C
ritic
al C
limat
e C
hang
e In
dic
ato
r an
d R
isk
Sup
po
rtin
g d
ata
/ re
po
rts
Ab
ility
to
influ
ence
th
roug
h ur
ban
pla
nnin
gA
sses
smen
t/ D
ata
Gap
Alte
rnat
ives
/ R
eco
mm
end
atio
n
3(S
eem
ing)
lack
of
impl
emen
tatio
n /
enfo
rcem
ent
and
loop
hole
s in
exi
stin
g pl
ans
and
ener
gy e
ffici
ency
st
anda
rds
Qat
ar h
as n
atio
nal a
nd lo
cal p
lans
, co
nstr
uctio
n sp
ecifi
catio
ns, b
uild
ing
perm
it sy
stem
s, a
Glo
bal S
usta
inab
ility
Ass
essm
ent S
yste
m e
tc.
How
ever
a
num
ber
of lo
catio
ns in
Qat
ar a
re
exem
pt fr
om th
ese
(e.g
. Mes
aiee
d,
Ras
Laf
fan,
Duk
han,
Em
ir’s
pala
ces)
; th
e Q
NM
P’s
pop
ulat
ion
assu
mpt
ions
of
201
8 ha
ve a
lread
y be
en e
xcee
ded
in p
ract
ice;
loca
l pla
ns d
o no
t see
m
to b
e ef
fect
ivel
y en
forc
ed; a
nd
indi
catio
ns a
re th
at s
ome
stan
dard
s (e
.g. G
SA
S) a
re a
pplie
d on
ly to
hig
h pr
ofile
pro
ject
s.
3 S
ettin
g am
bitio
us
stan
dard
s an
d ca
paci
ty
build
ing
to e
nsur
e th
at e
xist
ing
plan
s ar
e im
plem
ente
d
Ther
e is
not
info
rmat
ion
avai
labl
e on
new
P
roje
ctio
ns fo
llow
ing
new
pl
ans
and
GS
AS
in th
e ar
ea c
over
ed b
y th
e M
ME
.
We
will
cove
r co
mpl
ianc
e w
ith th
e Q
NM
P fr
amew
ork
and
GS
AS
sta
ndar
ds w
ith
the
MM
E in
the
Sta
ge 3
w
orks
hop.
3Ve
ry h
igh
prop
ortio
n of
vu
lner
able
resi
dent
s w
ho
have
litt
le a
t sta
ke in
redu
cing
Q
atar
’s G
HG
em
issi
ons
Alm
ost 9
0% o
f Qat
ar’s
pop
ulat
ion
is
non-
Qat
ari (
alm
ost 7
4% o
f men
and
16
% o
f wom
en),
with
no
stak
e in
thei
r ac
com
mod
atio
n or
in Q
atar
’s fu
ture
.
1 C
onsi
der
prov
idin
g in
crea
sed
optio
ns fo
r pu
rcha
sing
pro
pert
y fo
r ex
patr
iate
s
We
have
the
popu
latio
n da
ta to
dra
w c
oncl
usio
ns
for
deve
lopm
ent o
f thi
s pa
rt o
f the
CC
S.
3M
1.4
M6-
2
Vuln
erab
le in
frast
ruct
ure:
w
ater
, foo
d an
d en
ergy
se
curit
y co
ncer
ns
A la
rge
prop
ortio
n of
Qat
ar’s
oil,
gas
, po
wer
and
wat
er g
ener
atin
g fa
cilit
ies
are
alon
g th
e co
ast a
nd o
ffsho
re,
and
so v
ulne
rabl
e to
sea
leve
l ris
e an
d ex
trem
e ev
ents
. Le
ss th
an 1
0%
of th
e fo
od c
onsu
med
in Q
atar
is
grow
n w
ithin
the
coun
try,
so
Qat
ar is
vu
lner
able
to fo
od in
secu
rity.
In
2013
, w
ater
sto
rage
was
less
than
a w
eek
and
poss
ible
as
low
as
two
days
. A
m
ega
rese
rvoi
rs p
roje
ct w
hich
wou
ld
prov
ide
7 da
ys o
f str
ateg
ic w
ater
st
orag
e is
pla
nned
but
has
not
yet
be
en b
uilt.
2 Id
entif
ying
app
ropr
iate
lo
catio
ns fo
r in
frast
ruct
ure,
id
entif
ying
nee
d fo
r ne
w
infra
stru
ctur
e
Ther
e is
suf
ficie
nt d
ata
avai
labl
e to
und
erta
ke th
is
part
of t
he a
sses
smen
t.
Land
use
dat
a co
mbi
ned
with
pro
ject
ions
in
the
ICZM
P, a
s w
ell a
s in
form
atio
n fro
m th
e flo
od
stud
y w
ill be
util
ized
to
deve
lop
proj
ectio
ns o
f vu
lner
able
are
as.
2P
opul
atio
n ha
s al
mos
t no
fina
ncia
l inc
entiv
e to
re
duce
ene
rgy
and
wat
er
cons
umpt
ion
Ene
rgy
and
wat
er a
re fr
ee fo
r Q
atar
is.
Ene
rgy
pric
es fo
r no
n-Q
atar
is a
re
roug
hly
one-
tent
h of
Eur
opea
n le
vels
. W
ater
pric
es a
re ro
ughl
y le
vel w
ith E
urop
ean
pric
es, b
ut th
e co
sts
of p
rodu
cing
the
wat
er th
roug
h de
salin
atio
n ar
e m
uch
high
er.
Thes
e ta
riffs
do
not a
ct to
dis
cour
age
inef
ficie
nt u
se o
f wat
er a
nd e
nerg
y.
0 Th
is c
once
pt w
ould
be
disc
usse
d w
ith Q
EW
C
durin
g th
e S
tage
3
stak
ehol
der
enga
gem
ent
proc
ess
in li
ne w
ith
revi
ewin
g th
e Ta
rshe
ed
prog
ram
.
28Climate Change Strategy | Data Collection and Data Assessment
Pri
ori
tyQ
ND
F
Ref
:C
ritic
al C
limat
e C
hang
e In
dic
ato
r an
d R
isk
Sup
po
rtin
g d
ata
/ re
po
rts
Ab
ility
to
influ
ence
th
roug
h ur
ban
pla
nnin
gA
sses
smen
t/ D
ata
Gap
Alte
rnat
ives
/ R
eco
mm
end
atio
n
2H
eavy
relia
nce
on c
ars
and
lorr
ies
Ther
e ar
e no
offi
cial
figu
res
abou
t m
odal
spl
it in
tran
spor
t, bu
t Qat
ar
does
not
yet
hav
e a
met
ro o
r ra
il sy
stem
; citi
es a
re s
prea
d ou
t; an
d th
e gr
eat m
ajor
ity o
f trip
s ar
e m
ade
in c
ars
and
lorr
ies
2 M
akin
g w
alki
ng a
nd
cycl
ing
mor
e at
trac
tive
and
driv
ing
less
, pla
nnin
g fo
r pu
blic
tran
spor
t
Ther
e is
a g
ap in
dat
a.
Sus
tain
able
infra
stru
ctur
e pl
ans
are
still
evol
ving
and
be
ing
built
.
Util
ize
avai
labl
e da
ta fr
om
unve
rified
sou
rce
(i.e.
N
atio
nmas
ter,
2016
) to
asse
ss p
er c
apita
GH
G
bene
fits
of im
prov
ed p
ublic
tr
ansp
ort a
ltern
ativ
es a
nd
avai
labi
lity.
2(S
eem
ing)
lack
of e
mer
genc
y pl
anni
ng, e
.g. f
or e
xtre
me
even
ts
We
are
not a
war
e of
any
em
erge
ncy
plan
ning
, e.g
. agr
eed
loca
tions
fo
r em
erge
ncy
shel
ters
, how
the
popu
latio
n w
ill be
info
rmed
etc
.
1 Id
entif
ying
app
ropr
iate
em
erge
ncy
shel
ters
an
d ro
utes
; ide
ntify
ing
nece
ssar
y in
frast
ruct
ure
Dat
a w
ill be
suf
ficie
nt to
de
mon
stra
te th
ere
are
risk
(suc
h as
sea
leve
l ris
e), r
equi
ring
evac
uatio
n of
are
as a
nd m
ovem
ent/
tem
pora
ry a
ccom
mod
atio
n of
larg
e pa
rts
of th
e po
pula
tion.
The
spat
ial p
lann
ing
outp
ut o
f thi
s in
dica
tor
wou
ld li
kely
be
assi
gnin
g lo
catio
ns to
be
used
by
the
Min
istr
y of
Inte
rior
in
emer
genc
y pl
anni
ng.
KE
Y:
0N
/A
1Lo
wLo
w im
pact
of s
patia
l pla
nnin
g on
thes
e in
dica
tors
or
indi
cato
r ha
s a
low
spa
tial r
isk.
Or
lack
of i
nfor
mat
ion
affe
ctin
g th
e ab
ility
to e
stab
lish
a go
od C
C s
trat
egy,
su
ch a
s la
ck o
f inf
orm
atio
n ab
out t
rans
port
pat
tern
s, e
nerg
y us
e in
hom
es.
2M
ediu
mIn
dica
tors
indi
rect
ly a
ffect
ing
GH
G e
mis
sion
s an
d ad
apta
tion
(lack
of fi
nanc
ial i
ncen
tive,
lack
of e
mer
genc
y pl
anni
ng).
3H
igh
Indi
cato
rs d
irect
ly a
ffect
ing
GH
G e
mis
sion
s an
d cl
imat
e ch
ange
impa
cts
on Q
atar
(pop
ulat
ion,
per
cap
ita e
mis
sion
s et
c.) i
n a
spat
ial p
lann
ing
cont
ext.
Als
o fu
ndam
enta
l lim
itatio
ns to
Qat
ar b
eing
abl
e to
ada
pt to
CC
(e.g
. vul
nera
ble
peop
le a
nd in
frast
ruct
ure)
thou
gh s
patia
l pla
nnin
g.
Conclusions and Recommendations
4
30Climate Change Strategy | Data Collection and Data Assessment
4.0 Conclusions and Recommendations
4
This report provides a summary of the data that has been collected and sourced by GHD. It includes the type of data identified for the purpose of this Project, the rationale for proposing the data and the identification of data sources. A data assessment was undertaken where information from existing and on-going studies, strategies, plans and policy development initiatives were extracted for future use in the development of the CCS. Data gaps and the proposed alternatives and recommendations for missing data have also been identified.
Data was also assessed to identify and establish key climate change risks and measures (mitigation and adaptation) to tackle the challenges posed by climate change in the urban planning and development sector. The top four key critical risk factors identified at this stage of the assessment are:
1. Very high per capita water and energy consumption, extremely high reliance on energy for life.
2. A lack of implementation / enforcement and loopholes in existing plans and energy efficiency standards.
3. Vulnerable infrastructure: water, food and energy security concerns.
4. Vulnerability of population and economic areas.
These key critical risk factors will form and shape the Situation Analysis in Stage 3 and Strategy in Stage 4 of the Project.
References
5
32Climate Change Strategy | Data Collection and Data Assessment
5.0 References5
Acciona (2016) Ras Abu Fontas 3 SWRO. Accessed on 21 July 2016 through http://www.acciona.com/business-divisions/infrastructure/water/emblematic-projects/ras-abu-fontas-3-swro/
Advancing Sustainable Development, Beyond Carbon Scenario, GSDP, 2009
Al Arabiya (2014) WHO: Qatar second most polluted country in 2014. Accessed on 19 July 2016 through http://english.alarabiya.net/en/business/energy/2014/09/17/WHO-Qatar-ranks-2nd-post-polluted-country-in-2014.html
Ashghal (2006) Qatar Sewerage and Drainage Design Manual: Volume 8 – Developer’s Guide. Accessed on 29 July 2016 through https://www.scribd.com/document/270547732/Qatar-Sewerage-Drainage-Design-Manual-pdf.
Ashghal (2015). Interim Advice Note No. 100: Amendments to Section 6 Parts 4, 5, 6 & 8 of QCS 2014. Accessed through www.ashghal.gov.qa/ar/Services/Lists/ServicesLibrary/PWA%20IAN%20100%20Rev%200%2020Amendments%20to%20Section%206%20Parts%204%205%206%208%20of%20QCS%202014.pdf. Accessed 19 January 2016.
Ashghal (2016) About Us: Overview. Accessed on 21 July through http://www.ashghal.gov.qa/en/AboutUS/Pages/default.aspx
BBC News (2015) ‘What happened to the Qatar World Cup’s cooling technology?’. Accessed on 29 July 2016 through http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-31608062.
Chatham House (2013). Saving Oil and Gas in the Gulf. August 2013.
Construction Weekly Online (2016) Qatar’s Tarsheed Campaign. Accessed on 29 July 2016 through http://www.constructionweekonline.com/article-38703-qatar-tarsheed-campaign-leads-to-219m-in-savings/.
COWI (2013) Statistical study of rainfall in Qatar
Doha News (2014) ‘Report: Qatar’s air pollution unacceptably high 44 percent of the year’. Accessed on 21 July 2016 through https://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=5&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwiLpuP98fzNAhXmDcAKHRjjAsYQFgg5MAQ&url=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish.alarabiya.net%2Fen%2Fbusiness%2Fenergy%2F2014%2F09%2F17%2FWHO-Qatar-ranks-2nd-post-polluted-country-in-2014.html&usg=AFQjCNH-L0ayJPL4BiboogfKJaARxeVZRA&sig2=RAu16Rf6TRJC1tiJzbJKNA
Doha News (2015) ‘Qatar sets new 2016 deadline to get rid of energy-hungry appliances’. Accessed on 29 July 2016 through http://dohanews.co/qatar-sets-new-2016-deadline-to-get-rid-of-energy-hungry-appliances/.
Doha News (2016a) 7 June 2016, Census: Majority of Qatar’s residents live in ‘labor camps’. Accessed on 21 July 2016 through http://dohanews.co/census-majority-of-qatars-residents-live-in-labor-camps/
Doha News (2016b) Six things to know about using the bus system in Qatar. Accessed on 21 July 2016 through http://dohanews.co/six-things-to-know-about-using-the-bus-system-in-qatar/
EcoMENA (2015a) Waste Management Outlook for Qatar. accessed on 18 July 2016 through http://www.ecomena.org/tag/mesaieed/
EEA (2015) Energy efficiency and specific CO2 emissions. Accessed on 18 July 2016 through http://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/indicators/energy-efficiency-and-specific-co2-emissions/energy-efficiency-and-specific-co2-5
Ehrlich, P.R. and J.P. Holdren (1971). “Impact of Population Growth”. Science 171 (3977): 1212–1217.
Extension (2014) ‘Designing energy efficient new homes for a warm climate’. Accessed on 29 July 2016 , http://articles.extension.org/pages/26272/designing-energy-efficient-new-homes-for-a-warm-climate
Farber DA (2007) Disaster law and inequality. Published in ‘25 Law and Inequality 297’. Accessed on 29 July 2016 through http://scholarship.law.berkeley.edu/facpubs/574.
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Appendices
38Climate Change Strategy | Data Collection and Data Assessment
Ap
pen
dix
A:
Dat
a R
eque
st a
nd D
ata
Inve
nto
ryTa
ble
A-1
:
Dat
a R
eque
st
Clim
ate
Cha
nge
Influ
ence
Dat
a ty
pe
Info
rmat
ion
req
uire
dJu
stifi
catio
nR
efer
ence
to
Sco
pe
of
Wo
rk (e
.g.
Sec
tion
2.3.
.2 –
Situ
atio
n A
naly
sis)
So
urce
• G
HG
• O
cean
s
• W
eath
er a
nd
Clim
ate
• E
cosy
stem
s
Land
use
• S
patia
l lan
d us
e pl
ans
in c
oast
al
area
s, in
clud
ing
Mun
icip
al S
patia
l D
evel
opm
ent P
lans
and
Are
a A
ctio
n P
lans
.
• Id
entifi
ed in
fill,
urba
n re
new
al,
gree
nfiel
d gr
owth
are
as, a
nd
empl
oym
ent p
reci
ncts
.
• G
IS (E
SR
I or
equi
vale
nt) o
f the
m
aps
corr
espo
ndin
g to
spa
tial
plan
s.
The
land
use
pla
ns w
ill be
use
d as
the
basi
s of
ou
r as
sess
men
t.
The
plan
s w
ill be
ass
esse
d du
ring
Sta
ges
3, 4
, 5 a
nd 6
to id
entif
y ho
w la
nd u
se is
m
anag
ed. T
he a
sses
smen
t will
incl
ude
anal
ysin
g w
heth
er/
whe
re to
pro
mot
e m
ore
sea
defe
nces
and
robu
st lo
catio
ns fo
r ne
w
deve
lopm
ents
.
The
asse
ssm
ent o
f pla
ns w
ill al
low
the
iden
tifica
tion
of a
reas
that
are
vul
nera
ble
to
sea
leve
l ris
e, s
torm
sur
ge, c
oast
al e
rosi
on
and
flood
ing.
Thi
s w
ill in
corp
orat
ed in
to th
e ris
k as
sess
men
t.
Hav
ing
the
plan
s w
ill be
ess
entia
l to
deve
lopm
ent o
f miti
gatio
n an
d ad
aptio
n op
tions
pro
pose
d fo
r th
e pl
an it
self.
Sec
tion
2.3
– S
ituat
ion
Ana
lysi
s
Sec
tion
2.4
– S
trat
egy
Dev
elop
men
t an
d A
ctio
n P
lans
Sec
tion
2.5
– C
CIA
T an
d S
tudi
es
Sec
tion
2.6
– S
peci
fic T
ask
MM
E
• G
HG
• O
cean
s
• E
cosy
stem
s
Res
iden
tial,
com
mer
cial
an
d li
ght
in
dus
try
dev
elo
pm
ent
• D
etai
ls re
latin
g to
exi
stin
g an
d pl
anne
d re
side
ntia
l, co
mm
erci
al
and
indu
stria
l dev
elop
men
t pr
ojec
ts, i
nclu
ding
land
are
a oc
cupi
ed b
y ea
ch ty
pe.
• G
IS (E
SR
I or
equi
vale
nt) o
f map
s re
late
d to
spa
tial p
lans
.
Req
uire
d to
ass
ess
how
the
plan
s cu
rren
tly
deal
with
man
agem
ent o
f lan
d, p
oten
tially
su
bjec
t to
coas
tal v
ulne
rabi
lity,
hea
t isl
and
effe
ct o
r ot
herw
ise.
Req
uire
d to
ass
ess
how
spa
tial p
lann
ing
of
resi
dent
ial a
reas
and
com
mer
cial
are
as m
ight
af
fect
com
mut
e an
d le
isur
e ac
tivity
mov
emen
t of
the
popu
latio
n.
To d
eter
min
e sc
ope
or e
xten
t of m
itiga
tion
or
adap
tion
stra
tegi
es re
quire
d.
Sec
tion
2.3
– S
ituat
ion
Ana
lysi
s
Sec
tion
2.4
– S
trat
egy
Dev
elop
men
t an
d A
ctio
n P
lans
Sec
tion
2.5
– C
CIA
T an
d S
tudi
es
Sec
tion
2.6
– S
peci
fic T
ask
MM
E
CG
IS
• G
HG
Tran
spo
rt
Det
ails
rela
ting
to e
xist
ing
and
plan
ned
tran
spor
t and
infra
stru
ctur
e pr
ojec
ts; v
ehic
le n
umbe
rs (p
ast,
pres
ent,
expe
cted
futu
re);
vehi
cle
fuel
ef
ficie
ncy
(pas
t, pr
esen
t, ex
pect
ed
futu
re);
use
of p
ublic
tran
spor
t, w
alki
ng a
nd c
yclin
g.
The
curr
ent m
anag
emen
t of t
rans
port
in
the
urba
n en
viro
nmen
t (tr
ip le
ngth
, # tr
ips,
co
nstr
uctio
n tr
affic
, and
indu
stria
l tra
ffic)
will
be u
tiliz
ed in
the
deve
lopm
ent o
f str
ateg
ies
to
miti
gate
or
adap
t to
mor
e cl
imat
e su
stai
nabl
e pr
actic
es.
Sec
tion
2.3
– S
ituat
ion
Ana
lysi
s
Sec
tion
2.4
– S
trat
egy
Dev
elop
men
t an
d A
ctio
n P
lans
Sec
tion
2.5
– C
CIA
T an
d S
tudi
es
Sec
tion
2.6
– S
peci
fic T
ask
MM
E
Min
istr
y of
Tr
ansp
ort
39Climate Change Strategy | Data Collection and Data Assessment
Clim
ate
Cha
nge
Influ
ence
Dat
a ty
pe
Info
rmat
ion
req
uire
dJu
stifi
catio
nR
efer
ence
to
Sco
pe
of
Wo
rk (e
.g.
Sec
tion
2.3.
.2 –
Situ
atio
n A
naly
sis)
So
urce
• G
HG
• O
cean
s
Oth
er
infr
astr
uctu
re•
Cur
rent
and
pla
nned
infra
stru
ctur
e ty
pes
and
alig
nmen
ts.
• G
IS (E
SR
I or
equi
vale
nt) o
f al
ignm
ents
Infra
stru
ctur
e pl
anne
d w
ill ei
ther
incr
ease
or
decr
ease
clim
ate
chan
ge.
To d
eter
min
e th
e sp
atia
l ext
ent o
f vul
nera
bilit
y.
Sec
tion
2.3
– S
ituat
ion
Ana
lysi
s
Sec
tion
2.4
– S
trat
egy
Dev
elop
men
t an
d A
ctio
n P
lans
Sec
tion
2.5
– C
CIA
T an
d S
tudi
es
Sec
tion
2.6
– S
peci
fic T
ask
Ash
ghal
Kah
ram
aa
MM
E
• G
HG
So
lid W
aste
Vo
lum
e S
olid
Was
te V
olum
e by
Typ
e an
d di
spos
al m
etho
dS
olid
was
te p
rodu
ctio
n is
an
indi
rect
sou
rce
of
GH
G.
This
will
feed
into
the
clim
ate
chan
ge
mod
ellin
g to
ols.
Sec
tion
2.3
– S
ituat
ion
Ana
lysi
s
Sec
tion
2.5
– C
CIA
T an
d S
tudi
es
MM
E
QP
• W
eath
er a
nd
Clim
ate
Met
eoro
log
ical
d
ata
incl
udin
g
Tem
per
atur
e,
win
d s
pee
d a
nd
dire
ctio
n an
d
pre
cip
itatio
n.
Pas
t and
cur
rent
(thi
s ha
s be
en
prov
ided
to G
HD
in th
e pa
st b
y th
e C
AA
for
othe
r P
roje
cts)
.
• A
vera
ge m
onth
ly d
ata
for
tem
pera
ture
, win
d sp
eed,
win
d di
rect
ion
and
prec
ipita
tion.
The
met
eoro
logi
cal d
ata
(incl
udin
g te
mpe
ratu
re a
nd p
reci
pita
tion)
is a
dire
ct
requ
irem
ent f
or in
put i
nto
each
tool
to b
e de
velo
ped.
Win
d sp
eed
and
dire
ctio
n ar
e im
port
ant i
f as
sess
ing
the
pote
ntia
l for
hea
t isl
and
effe
cts.
This
dat
a w
ill as
sist
qua
ntify
ing
elem
ents
of
the
risk
asse
ssm
ent a
nd s
trat
egy
deve
lopm
ent
in S
tage
3.
Sec
tion
2.3
– S
ituat
ion
Ana
lysi
s
Sec
tion
2.4
– S
trat
egy
Dev
elop
men
t an
d A
ctio
n P
lans
Sec
tion
2.5
– C
CIA
T an
d S
tudi
es
Sec
tion
2.6
– S
peci
fic T
ask
Civ
il A
viat
ion
Aut
horit
y
• O
cean
sH
eig
ht a
bo
ve
sea
leve
l•
Nee
ded
to a
sses
s im
pact
of
poss
ible
sea
leve
l ris
e sc
enar
ios
as
asse
ssed
in th
e IC
ZMP.
• R
epor
t and
GIS
(ES
RI o
r eq
uiva
lent
)
The
heig
ht a
bove
sea
leve
l will
be in
corp
orat
ed
in th
e as
sess
men
t of v
ulne
rabi
lity
to s
ea le
vel
rise,
sto
rm s
urge
, and
coa
stal
ero
sion
.
Sec
tion
2.3
– S
ituat
ion
Ana
lysi
s
Sec
tion
2.4
– S
trat
egy
Dev
elop
men
t an
d A
ctio
n P
lans
Sec
tion
2.5
– C
CIA
T an
d S
tudi
es
Sec
tion
2.6
– S
peci
fic T
ask
CG
IS
• O
cean
sS
ea le
vel r
ise
pre
dic
tions
Sea
leve
l ris
e pr
edic
tions
.S
ea le
vel r
ise
pred
ictio
ns in
rela
tion
to c
limat
e ch
ange
will
be k
ey in
det
erm
inin
g th
e w
ay
spat
ial p
lann
ing
can
man
age
impa
cts.
Thi
s w
ill be
key
for
the
stra
tegy
for
Qat
ar w
here
m
ain
econ
omic
are
as a
re b
ased
on
the
coas
t e.
g. C
ity C
entr
e, R
as L
affa
n In
dust
rial C
ity,
Mes
aiee
d In
dust
rial C
ity e
tc. T
his
will
be ta
ken
from
and
con
sist
ent w
ith th
e IC
ZMP.
This
may
als
o be
com
pare
d to
inte
rnat
iona
l pr
ojec
tions
in th
e be
nchm
arki
ng c
ompo
nent
of
the
situ
atio
n an
alys
is.
Sec
tion
2.3
– S
ituat
ion
Ana
lysi
s
Sec
tion
2.4
– S
trat
egy
Dev
elop
men
t an
d A
ctio
n P
lans
Sec
tion
2.5
– C
CIA
T an
d S
tudi
es
Sec
tion
2.6
– S
peci
fic T
ask
MM
E -
ICZM
P
• G
HG
• O
cean
s
• W
eath
er a
nd
Clim
ate
• E
cosy
stem
s
Clim
ate
chan
ge
scen
ario
s fo
r Q
atar
Dis
cuss
ion
with
the
MM
E C
limat
e C
hang
e de
part
men
t will
be e
ssen
tial
in u
nder
stan
ding
whe
ther
clim
ate
chan
ge s
cena
rios,
spe
cific
for
Qat
ar,
have
bee
n de
term
ined
and
wha
t the
y be
lieve
the
likel
y im
pact
s w
ill be
.
To c
onfir
m w
hat h
as b
een
done
inte
rnal
ly in
th
e M
ME
and
in o
ther
gov
ernm
ent a
genc
ies
is e
ssen
tial t
o m
ake
sure
the
asse
ssm
ent a
nd
miti
gatio
n an
d ad
aptio
n op
tions
are
con
sist
ent
with
wha
t is
alre
ady
bein
g un
dert
aken
in Q
atar
.
Sec
tion
2.3
– S
ituat
ion
Ana
lysi
s
Sec
tion
2.4
– S
trat
egy
Dev
elop
men
t an
d A
ctio
n P
lans
Sec
tion
2.6
– S
peci
fic T
ask
MM
E
40Climate Change Strategy | Data Collection and Data Assessment
Clim
ate
Cha
nge
Influ
ence
Dat
a ty
pe
Info
rmat
ion
req
uire
dJu
stifi
catio
nR
efer
ence
to
Sco
pe
of
Wo
rk (e
.g.
Sec
tion
2.3.
.2 –
Situ
atio
n A
naly
sis)
So
urce
• G
HG
• W
eath
er a
nd
Clim
ate
Fo
od
sec
urity
Det
ails
of t
he Q
atar
Nat
iona
l foo
d se
curit
y pr
ogra
m a
nd lo
catio
n an
d ar
ea s
et a
side
for
futu
re a
gric
ultu
re.
To u
nder
stan
d fu
ture
pla
ns o
f Qat
ar in
rela
tion
to fo
od a
nd w
ater
sec
urity
. Foo
d an
d w
ater
se
curit
y ha
ve b
een
iden
tified
as
two
aspe
cts
whi
ch c
limat
e ch
ange
is li
kely
to im
pact
. Q
atar
’s lo
catio
n an
d cl
imat
e m
ean
it is
cu
rren
tly h
eavi
ly d
epen
dent
on
desa
linat
ion
(an
ener
gy in
tens
ive
indu
stry
) and
impo
rtin
g fo
od.
Con
side
ratio
n of
thes
e el
emen
ts in
rela
tion
to
spat
ial p
lann
ing
is e
ssen
tial i
n fu
ture
pro
ofing
.
Sec
tion
2.3
– S
ituat
ion
Ana
lysi
s
Sec
tion
2.4
– S
trat
egy
Dev
elop
men
t an
d A
ctio
n P
lans
Sec
tion
2.6
– S
peci
fic T
ask
Qat
ar N
atio
nal
Food
Sec
urity
P
rogr
amm
e,
MM
E
• W
eath
er a
nd
Clim
ate
Wat
er s
our
ces,
w
ater
sec
urity
, sa
ltwat
er
intr
usio
n in
to
aqui
fers
MM
E
• G
HG
• O
cean
s
• W
eath
er a
nd
Clim
ate
Ene
rgy
secu
rity
Dat
a on
ene
rgy
use,
sou
rces
and
in
frast
ruct
ure.
Ene
rgy
use
is a
dire
ct in
put i
nto
GH
G
calc
ulat
ions
use
d in
Sta
ges
3 –
6. T
he s
patia
l lo
catio
n of
ene
rgy
infra
stru
ctur
e w
ill al
low
de
term
inin
g lo
ng te
rm v
iabi
lity
and
also
%
plan
ned
sust
aina
bilit
y en
ergy
pro
duct
ion.
Sec
tion
2.3
– S
ituat
ion
Ana
lysi
s
Sec
tion
2.4
– S
trat
egy
Dev
elop
men
t an
d A
ctio
n P
lans
Sec
tion
2.6
– S
peci
fic T
ask
Kah
ram
aa
• G
HG
Imp
ort
ed
Go
od
sD
etai
ls o
f typ
es o
f goo
ds im
port
ed
(par
ticul
arly
for
cons
truc
tion)
.Th
e sp
atia
l pla
ns u
nder
ass
essm
ent a
nd th
e cl
imat
e ch
ange
impa
ct to
ols
spec
ifica
lly re
late
to
futu
re d
evel
opm
ent i
n th
e S
tate
of Q
atar
. Th
e pr
oduc
tion
and
impo
rt o
f con
stru
ctio
n m
ater
ial c
ontr
ibut
e to
regi
onal
or
glob
al G
HG
em
issi
ons.
Tra
nspo
rtat
ion
with
in Q
atar
, the
ir us
e an
d ev
entu
al d
ispo
sal (
for
shor
t ter
m
mat
eria
l) co
ntrib
ute
to lo
cal G
HG
em
issi
ons.
Th
is d
ata
will
be u
sed
to c
reat
e em
issi
ons
fact
ors
rela
ted
to ty
pes
of n
ew d
evel
opm
ent
as s
peci
fied
in th
e Q
ND
F an
d su
bsid
iary
pla
ns.
Sec
tion
2.3
– S
ituat
ion
Ana
lysi
s
Sec
tion
2.5
– C
CIA
T an
d S
tudi
es
• G
HG
• W
eath
er a
nd
Clim
ate
Air
po
llutio
n A
ny a
ir qu
ality
dat
a fo
r ca
rbon
di
oxid
e, n
itrou
s ox
ides
, ozo
ne,
wat
er v
apou
r C
FCs
and
met
hane
(M
ME
mob
ile s
tatio
ns o
r es
timat
es
prov
ided
by
indu
stry
(oil,
gas
and
pe
troc
hem
ical
s/in
dust
rial c
ities
, ai
rpor
ts) c
an b
e ut
ilized
).
This
dat
a w
ill fo
rm th
e ba
ckgr
ound
leve
ls u
sed
in th
e to
ols
deve
lope
d an
d pr
ovid
e a
base
line
from
whi
ch th
e S
peci
fic T
ask
asse
ssm
ent c
an
be u
nder
take
n.
Sec
tion
2.6
– S
peci
fic T
ask
MM
E
• G
HG
• W
eath
er a
nd
Clim
ate
• E
cosy
stem
s
Par
ks a
nd
gre
en a
reas
Num
ber
and
loca
tion
of p
arks
in
urba
n ar
eas,
cur
rent
and
pla
nned
and
sp
ecie
s ty
pes.
GIS
(ES
RI o
r eq
uiva
lent
) of p
arks
Par
ks a
nd g
reen
spa
ces
can
be w
ater
in
tens
ive.
Wat
er is
pro
duce
d th
roug
h en
ergy
in
tens
ive
desa
linat
ion,
gro
undw
ater
har
vest
ing
or tr
eatm
ent o
f sew
age
efflu
ent.
Par
ks a
nd g
reen
spac
e al
so h
ave
the
pote
ntia
l to
redu
ce th
e he
at is
land
effe
ct.
Sec
tion
2.4
– S
trat
egy
Dev
elop
men
t an
d A
ctio
n P
lans
MM
E
41Climate Change Strategy | Data Collection and Data Assessment
Clim
ate
Cha
nge
Influ
ence
Dat
a ty
pe
Info
rmat
ion
req
uire
dJu
stifi
catio
nR
efer
ence
to
Sco
pe
of
Wo
rk (e
.g.
Sec
tion
2.3.
.2 –
Situ
atio
n A
naly
sis)
So
urce
• G
HG
• O
cean
s
• W
eath
er a
nd
Clim
ate
• E
cosy
stem
s
Eco
log
y /
hab
itat
ICZM
P E
colo
gy R
epor
t (In
form
atio
n re
latin
g to
terr
estr
ial,
onsh
ore
and
mar
ine
habi
tat,
ecol
ogic
al
com
mun
ities
in th
e fo
rm o
f da
taba
ses,
map
ping
, stu
dies
, etc
.)
To d
eter
min
e if
any
ecol
ogic
ally
sen
sitiv
e ar
eas
that
will
be a
ffect
ed b
y cl
imat
e ch
ange
fact
ors,
su
ch a
s co
astli
ne, a
reas
for
juve
nile
fish
(c
oast
al s
eagr
ass
mea
dow
s).
Sec
tion
2.3
– S
ituat
ion
Ana
lysi
s
Sec
tion
2.4
– S
trat
egy
Dev
elop
men
t an
d A
ctio
n P
lans
MM
E
CG
IS
• E
cosy
stem
sP
rote
cted
A
reas
Any
rele
vant
info
rmat
ion
rela
ting
to p
rote
cted
are
as, i
nclu
ding
go
vern
men
t pol
icy,
enf
orce
men
t, lo
catio
n an
d an
y su
ppor
ting
envi
ronm
enta
l dat
a.
Land
use
dat
a m
ay h
ave
this
info
rmat
ion.
Th
e la
nd u
se d
ata
will
be c
heck
ed w
hen
prov
ided
. A s
epar
ate
requ
est f
or th
is d
ata
will
be p
rovi
ded
if it
is n
ot a
vaila
ble
in th
e la
nd u
se
data
.
Sec
tion
2.3
– S
ituat
ion
Ana
lysi
s
Sec
tion
2.4
– S
trat
egy
Dev
elop
men
t an
d A
ctio
n P
lans
PE
O
CG
IS
• W
eath
er a
nd
Clim
ate
• E
cosy
stem
s
So
il q
ualit
yA
ny in
form
atio
n on
soi
l qua
lity
(Stu
dy
unde
rtak
en b
y FA
O o
n so
il su
itabi
lity
in Q
atar
).
Ave
rage
con
cent
ratio
ns o
f the
soi
l pa
ram
eter
s:pH S
alin
ity (P
SU
)
Bor
on (B
) (m
g/kg
)
Cal
cium
(Ca)
(mg/
kg)
Car
bon
(C) (
mg/
kg)
Chl
orin
e (C
l) (m
g/kg
)
Cop
per
(Cu)
(mg/
kg)
Hyd
roge
n (H
) (m
g/kg
)
Iron
(Fe)
(mg/
kg)
Mag
nesi
um (M
g) (m
g/kg
)
Man
gane
se (M
n) (m
g/kg
)
Mol
ybde
num
(Mo)
(mg/
kg)
Nitr
ogen
(N) (
mg/
kg)
Oxy
gen
(O) (
mg/
kg)
Pho
spho
rus
(P) (
mg/
kg)
Pot
assi
um (K
) (m
g/kg
)
Sul
fur
(S) (
mg/
kg)
Zinc
(Zn)
(mg/
kg)
GIS
(or
equi
vale
nt fo
rmat
)
Soi
l qua
lity
data
will
be a
sses
sed
to d
eter
min
e th
e su
itabi
lity
of s
oil f
or a
gric
ultu
re.
GIS
laye
rs d
etai
ling
soil
qual
ity a
s it
rela
tes
to
the
follo
win
g w
ill be
util
ized
for
asse
ssm
ent
durin
g S
tage
s 3,
4, 5
and
6.
• S
uita
bilit
y fo
r ag
ricul
ture
/gre
ensp
ace,
• R
esid
entia
l hou
sing
;
• C
omm
erci
al/in
dust
rial
• S
choo
ls/h
ospi
tal.
Sec
tion
2.3
– S
ituat
ion
Ana
lysi
s
Sec
tion
2.4
– S
trat
egy
Dev
elop
men
t an
d A
ctio
n P
lans
Sec
tion
2.5
– C
CIA
T an
d S
tudi
es
Sec
tion
2.6
– S
peci
fic T
ask
Agr
icul
ture
A
ffairs
D
epar
tmen
t, M
ME
42Climate Change Strategy | Data Collection and Data Assessment
Clim
ate
Cha
nge
Influ
ence
Dat
a ty
pe
Info
rmat
ion
req
uire
dJu
stifi
catio
nR
efer
ence
to
Sco
pe
of
Wo
rk (e
.g.
Sec
tion
2.3.
.2 –
Situ
atio
n A
naly
sis)
So
urce
• O
cean
s
• W
eath
er a
nd
Clim
ate
Ons
hore
an
d o
ffsh
ore
he
rita
ge
ICZM
P C
ultu
ral H
erita
ge R
epor
t (D
etai
ls re
latin
g to
ons
hore
and
of
fsho
re c
ultu
ral h
erita
ge fe
atur
es
in th
e fo
rm o
f dat
abas
es, m
appi
ng,
stud
ies,
etc
.)
It is
pos
sibl
e ph
ysic
al e
ffect
s of
clim
ate
chan
ge
coul
d le
ad to
item
s of
cul
tura
l sig
nific
ance
be
ing
dam
aged
or
dest
roye
d.
Sec
tion
2.3
– S
ituat
ion
Ana
lysi
s
Sec
tion
2.4
– S
trat
egy
Dev
elop
men
t an
d A
ctio
n P
lans
Sec
tion
2.5
– C
CIA
T an
d S
tudi
es
Sec
tion
2.6
– S
peci
fic T
ask
Qat
ar M
useu
ms
• G
HG
• O
cean
s
• W
eath
er a
nd
Clim
ate
• E
cosy
stem
s
Cri
tical
in
fras
truc
ture
, ut
ilitie
s an
d
“sen
sitiv
e ar
eas”
Info
rmat
ion
rela
ting
to c
ritic
al
infra
stru
ctur
e, u
tiliti
es a
nd ‘s
ensi
tive’
ar
eas
in th
e co
asta
l zon
e.
Land
use
dat
a m
ay h
ave
this
info
rmat
ion.
Th
e la
nd u
se d
ata
will
be c
heck
ed w
hen
prov
ided
. A s
epar
ate
requ
est f
or th
is d
ata
will
be p
rovi
ded
if it
is n
ot a
vaila
ble
in th
e la
nd u
se
data
.
Sec
tion
2.3
– S
ituat
ion
Ana
lysi
s
Sec
tion
2.4
– S
trat
egy
Dev
elop
men
t an
d A
ctio
n P
lans
Sec
tion
2.5
– C
CIA
T an
d S
tudi
es
Sec
tion
2.6
– S
peci
fic T
ask
MM
E
Ash
ghal
Kah
ram
aa
PE
O
• G
HG
• O
cean
s
• W
eath
er a
nd
Clim
ate
• E
cosy
stem
s
Clim
ate
chan
ge
pla
ns, p
olic
ies,
re
sear
ch
Rel
evan
t pla
ns, p
olic
ies
and
rese
arch
, e.
g. p
revi
ousl
y ca
rrie
d ou
t for
the
Clim
ate
Cha
nge
Dep
artm
ent
Will
disc
uss
dire
ctly
with
MM
E C
C d
epar
tmen
t as
reco
mm
ende
d by
K. R
ahm
an.
Sec
tion
2.3
– S
ituat
ion
Ana
lysi
s
Sec
tion
2.4
– S
trat
egy
Dev
elop
men
t an
d A
ctio
n P
lans
Sec
tion
2.5
– C
CIA
T an
d S
tudi
es
Sec
tion
2.6
– S
peci
fic T
ask
Clim
ate
Cha
nge
Dep
artm
ent,
MM
E
• G
HG
• O
cean
s
Co
nstr
uctio
n lif
e cy
cle
bas
elin
e d
ata
Con
stru
ctio
n lif
e cy
cle
data
base
(e
xpec
ted
life
cycl
e of
the
diffe
rent
ty
pes
of d
evel
opm
ent i
n th
e co
untr
y.
To a
cces
s ur
ban
deve
lopm
ent c
riter
ia a
nd
build
ing
code
s so
as
to d
eter
min
e w
hat
the
life
cycl
e ex
pect
ed fo
r di
ffere
nt ty
pes
of d
evel
opm
ent i
s. E
.g. h
ospi
tal -
40
year
s. A
side
from
GH
G is
sues
ass
ocia
ted
with
dem
oliti
on a
nd re
plac
emen
t, bu
ildin
g lif
e cy
cles
may
fact
or in
to s
ea le
vel r
ise
vuln
erab
ility
reco
mm
enda
tions
.
Sec
tion
2.3
– S
ituat
ion
Ana
lysi
s
Sec
tion
2.4
– S
trat
egy
Dev
elop
men
t an
d A
ctio
n P
lans
Sec
tion
2.5
– C
CIA
T an
d S
tudi
es
Sec
tion
2.6
– S
peci
fic T
ask
MM
E
Ash
ghal
43Climate Change Strategy | Data Collection and Data Assessment
Clim
ate
Cha
nge
Influ
ence
Dat
a ty
pe
Info
rmat
ion
req
uire
dJu
stifi
catio
nR
efer
ence
to
Sco
pe
of
Wo
rk (e
.g.
Sec
tion
2.3.
.2 –
Situ
atio
n A
naly
sis)
So
urce
• G
HG
Ene
rgy
pro
duc
tion
met
hod
, pla
nt
cap
aciti
es a
nd
futu
re p
lans
.
Ene
rgy
use
– em
issi
ons
from
pow
er
sour
ces
at p
rese
nt a
nd p
lann
ed.
Ene
rgy
prod
uctio
n a
maj
or c
ontr
ibut
or
to g
reen
hous
e ga
s em
issi
ons.
Ene
rgy
prod
uctio
n an
d pr
ojec
tions
will
form
the
basi
s of
muc
h of
our
ris
k as
sess
men
t and
will
be
inte
gral
in c
alcu
latio
ns w
ithin
the
tool
s w
e de
velo
p.
Sec
tion
2.3
– S
ituat
ion
Ana
lysi
s
Sec
tion
2.4
– S
trat
egy
Dev
elop
men
t an
d A
ctio
n P
lans
Sec
tion
2.5
– C
CIA
T an
d S
tudi
es
Sec
tion
2.6
– S
peci
fic T
ask
Indu
stria
l In
spec
tions
an
d P
ollu
tion
Con
trol
D
epar
tmen
t, M
ME
Env
ironm
enta
l M
onito
ring
Dep
artm
ent,
MM
E
Kah
ram
aa
Qat
ar E
lect
ricity
an
d W
ater
C
ompa
ny
Qat
ar P
ower
C
ompa
ny
• G
HG
• E
cosy
stem
s
Pro
po
sed
ve
get
atio
n sp
ecie
s b
reak
do
wn
Pro
pose
d ve
geta
tion
spec
ies
brea
kdow
n fo
r gr
een
spac
es a
nd
agric
ultu
re a
s sp
ecifi
ed in
the
QN
DF
and
subs
idia
ry p
lans
Vege
tatio
n sp
ecie
s to
be
plan
ted
in p
arks
an
d gr
eens
pace
s w
ill de
term
ine
irrig
atio
n re
quire
men
ts.
Irrig
atio
n le
vels
are
a d
irect
G
HG
impa
ct.
Sec
tion
2.3
– S
ituat
ion
Ana
lysi
s
Sec
tion
2.4
– S
trat
egy
Dev
elop
men
t an
d A
ctio
n P
lans
Sec
tion
2.5
– C
CIA
T an
d S
tudi
es
Sec
tion
2.6
– S
peci
fic T
ask
MM
E
Par
ks
Dep
artm
ent
• G
HG
Des
alin
atio
nP
ower
exp
ende
d in
des
alin
atio
n in
ad
ditio
n to
ope
ratio
nal p
ower
Wat
er p
rodu
ctio
n is
pow
er in
tens
ive
and
lead
s to
GH
G u
se.
Des
alin
atio
n is
a m
ajor
co
ntrib
utor
to G
HG
. D
eman
d fo
r de
salin
ated
w
ater
is d
irect
ly d
riven
by
urba
n de
velo
pmen
t an
d th
is in
form
atio
n w
ill be
bui
lt in
to th
e to
ols
and
othe
r pr
ojec
tions
.
Sec
tion
2.3
– S
ituat
ion
Ana
lysi
s
Sec
tion
2.4
– S
trat
egy
Dev
elop
men
t an
d A
ctio
n P
lans
Sec
tion
2.5
– C
CIA
T an
d S
tudi
es
Sec
tion
2.6
– S
peci
fic T
ask
Env
ironm
enta
l M
onito
ring
Dep
artm
ent,
MM
E
Kah
ram
aa
Qat
ar E
lect
ricity
an
d W
ater
C
ompa
ny
• G
HG
• O
cean
s
• W
eath
er a
nd
Clim
ate
• E
cosy
stem
s
TS
E a
nd w
aste
w
ater
pro
duc
ed
curr
ently
and
in
futu
re
• D
rain
age
Mas
ter
Pla
n (w
aste
wat
er
and
TSE
qua
ntity
pla
nned
(low
er
emis
sion
s us
ed to
pro
cess
))
Wat
er p
rodu
ctio
n is
pow
er in
tens
ive
and
lead
s to
GH
G u
se.
Des
alin
atio
n is
a m
ajor
co
ntrib
utor
to G
HG
. D
eman
d fo
r de
salin
ated
w
ater
is d
irect
ly d
riven
by
urba
n de
velo
pmen
t an
d th
is in
form
atio
n w
ill be
bui
lt in
to th
e to
ols
and
othe
r pr
ojec
tions
. TS
E w
ould
redu
ce
desa
linat
ed w
ater
dem
and
and
wou
ld b
e a
good
long
term
ada
ptio
n m
easu
re p
ossi
bly.
Sec
tion
2.3
– S
ituat
ion
Ana
lysi
s
Sec
tion
2.4
– S
trat
egy
Dev
elop
men
t an
d A
ctio
n P
lans
Sec
tion
2.5
– C
CIA
T an
d S
tudi
es
Sec
tion
2.6
– S
peci
fic T
ask
MM
E
Kah
ram
aa/
Ash
ghal
44Climate Change Strategy | Data Collection and Data Assessment
Clim
ate
Cha
nge
Influ
ence
Dat
a ty
pe
Info
rmat
ion
req
uire
dJu
stifi
catio
nR
efer
ence
to
Sco
pe
of
Wo
rk (e
.g.
Sec
tion
2.3.
.2 –
Situ
atio
n A
naly
sis)
So
urce
• G
HG
Was
te d
ata
MM
E W
aste
Man
agem
ent S
trat
egy
(est
imat
ed v
olum
es a
nd b
reak
dow
n of
was
te a
nd re
cycl
able
s at
eac
h de
velo
pmen
t typ
e.)
Was
te d
ata
is a
maj
or s
ourc
e of
GH
G
emis
sion
s (d
irect
and
indi
rect
). T
his
will
be
used
in p
roje
ctio
ns a
nd to
ol d
evel
opm
ent.
Sec
tion
2.3
– S
ituat
ion
Ana
lysi
s
Sec
tion
2.4
– S
trat
egy
Dev
elop
men
t an
d A
ctio
n P
lans
Sec
tion
2.5
– C
CIA
T an
d S
tudi
es
Sec
tion
2.6
– S
peci
fic T
ask
MM
E
Sta
tistic
s D
epar
tmen
t, M
inis
try
of
Dev
elop
men
t P
lann
ing
and
Sta
tistic
s
• G
HG
Des
ign
gui
del
ines
The
desi
gn g
uide
lines
for
deve
lopm
ents
in Q
atar
. Thi
s is
rela
ted
to G
SA
S a
ccre
dita
tion
syst
em th
at
is u
sed
on a
num
ber
of c
onst
ruct
ion
proj
ects
. Doc
umen
ts in
clud
e:
-G
SA
S D
istr
icts
and
Infra
stru
ctur
e D
esig
n G
uide
lines
201
5
-G
SA
S P
arks
Des
ign
Gui
delin
es
2015
-G
SA
S B
uild
ing
Typo
logi
es D
esig
n G
uide
lines
201
5
-G
SA
S S
port
s D
esig
n G
uide
lines
20
15
-G
SA
S R
ailw
ays
Des
ign
Gui
delin
es 2
015
-G
SA
S H
ealth
care
Des
ign
Gui
delin
es
-G
SA
S W
orke
rs’ A
ccom
mod
atio
n D
esig
n G
uide
lines
201
5
-G
SA
S O
pera
tions
Gui
delin
es
2015
-G
SA
S C
onst
ruct
ion
Gui
delin
es
and
Ass
essm
ent 2
015
Ess
entia
l to
ensu
re w
e ar
e in
corp
orat
ing
rele
vant
, exi
stin
g su
stai
nabi
lity
prac
tices
into
ou
r as
sess
men
t and
ada
ptat
ion/
miti
gatio
n m
easu
re d
evel
opm
ent.
Sec
tion
2.3
– S
ituat
ion
Ana
lysi
s
Sec
tion
2.4
– S
trat
egy
Dev
elop
men
t an
d A
ctio
n P
lans
Sec
tion
2.5
– C
CIA
T an
d S
tudi
es
Sec
tion
2.6
– S
peci
fic T
ask
Gul
f O
rgan
isat
ion
for
Res
earc
h an
d D
evel
opm
ent
(GO
RD
)
45Climate Change Strategy | Data Collection and Data Assessment
Clim
ate
Cha
nge
Influ
ence
Dat
a ty
pe
Info
rmat
ion
req
uire
dJu
stifi
catio
nR
efer
ence
to
Sco
pe
of
Wo
rk (e
.g.
Sec
tion
2.3.
.2 –
Situ
atio
n A
naly
sis)
So
urce
• G
HG
• O
cean
s
• W
eath
er a
nd
Clim
ate
• E
cosy
stem
s
Cen
sus
Dat
aC
ensu
s da
ta fr
om 2
015,
201
0 an
d pr
evio
us if
ava
ilabl
eC
ensu
s da
ta w
ill be
use
d to
Pro
ject
tota
l G
HG
em
issi
ons
base
d on
per
cap
ita tr
ends
. It
will
also
be
used
to e
stim
ate
utilit
y an
d fo
od re
quire
men
ts b
ased
on
curr
ent t
rend
s (in
clud
ing
pow
er, w
ater
, was
te w
ater
, was
te
disp
osal
, foo
d co
nsum
ptio
n).
This
dat
a w
ould
be
used
in th
e ris
k as
sess
men
t, si
tuat
ion
anal
ysis
and
in to
ol
deve
lopm
ent.
Sec
tion
2.3
– S
ituat
ion
Ana
lysi
s
Sec
tion
2.5
– C
CIA
T an
d S
tudi
es
Min
istr
y of
D
evel
opm
ent
Pla
nnin
g an
d S
tatis
tics
46Climate Change Strategy | Data Collection and Data Assessment
Tab
le A
-2:
D
ata
Inve
nto
ry
Item
Dat
a C
ateg
ory
So
urce
Des
crip
tion
of
info
rmat
ion
used
in
the
rep
ort
Dat
a ty
pe
1E
cosy
stem
sM
inis
try
of M
unic
ipal
ity a
nd U
rban
Pla
nnin
g (2
014b
) Int
egra
ted
Coa
stal
Zon
e M
anag
emen
t Pla
n fo
r th
e S
tate
of Q
atar
: Eco
logi
cal A
sses
smen
t Ref
: MA
2.5
. D
ated
15
Oct
ober
201
4.
Key
find
ings
on
ecol
ogic
al
asse
ssm
ent f
rom
ICZM
PG
over
nmen
t res
earc
h pu
blic
atio
n
2E
cosy
stem
s
Qat
ar In
form
atio
n E
xcha
nge
(201
4-16
) Qat
ar M
onth
ly S
tatis
tics.
Acc
esse
d on
24
July
201
6 th
roug
h ht
tp:/
/ww
w.q
ix.g
ov.q
a/po
rtal
/pag
e/po
rtal
/Q
IXP
OC
/Doc
umen
ts/Q
IX+
Kno
wle
dge+
Bas
e/P
ublic
atio
n/G
ener
al+
Sta
tistic
s/Q
atar
+M
onth
ly+
Sta
tistic
s
Info
rmat
ion
on la
nd u
se
Gov
ernm
ent r
esea
rch
publ
icat
ion
3E
cosy
stem
sQ
atar
Nat
iona
l Foo
d S
ecur
ity P
rogr
amm
e (Q
NFS
P) (
2011
)In
form
atio
n on
tota
l lan
d ar
ea in
Q
atar
util
ised
for
farm
ing
Non
-gov
ernm
ent r
esea
rch
publ
icat
ion
4G
HG
em
issi
ons
Acc
iona
(201
6) R
as A
bu F
onta
s 3
SW
RO
. Acc
esse
d on
21
July
201
6 th
roug
h ht
tp:/
/ww
w.a
ccio
na.c
om/b
usin
ess-
divi
sion
s/in
frast
ruct
ure/
wat
er/e
mbl
emat
ic-
proj
ects
/ras
-abu
-fon
tas-
3-sw
ro/
Info
rmat
ion
on th
e pr
oduc
tion
capa
city
of R
AF3
SW
RO
Pla
nt c
an
also
be
used
to c
alcu
late
GH
G
emis
sion
s as
soci
ated
with
pla
nt
oper
atio
ns
Com
pany
web
site
5G
HG
em
issi
ons
Al A
rabi
ya (2
014)
WH
O: Q
atar
sec
ond
mos
t pol
lute
d co
untr
y in
201
4.
Acc
esse
d on
19
July
201
6 th
roug
h ht
tp:/
/eng
lish.
alar
abiy
a.ne
t/en
/bus
ines
s/en
ergy
/201
4/09
/17/
WH
O-Q
atar
-ran
ks-2
nd-p
ost-
pollu
ted-
coun
try-
in-2
014.
htm
l
Bas
elin
e am
bien
t air
qual
ity d
ata
of
Qat
arO
nlin
e ne
ws
artic
le
6G
HG
em
issi
ons
Ash
ghal
(200
6) Q
atar
Sew
erag
e an
d D
rain
age
Des
ign
Man
ual:
Volu
me
8 –
Dev
elop
er’s
Gui
de. A
cces
sed
on 2
9 Ju
ly 2
016
thro
ugh
http
s://
ww
w.s
crib
d.co
m/d
ocum
ent/
2705
4773
2/Q
atar
-Sew
erag
e-D
rain
age-
Des
ign-
Man
ual-p
df.
Des
ign
man
ual d
ocum
ent f
or
sew
erag
e an
d dr
aina
ge p
roje
cts
Gov
ernm
ent r
esea
rch
publ
icat
ion
7G
HG
em
issi
ons
AS
HG
HA
L In
terim
Adv
ice
Not
e N
o. 0
13/1
4, A
men
dmen
ts/A
dditi
ons
to Q
CS
20
14, R
evis
ion
No.
A1,
at a
shgh
al.g
ov.q
a/en
/Ser
vice
s/Li
sts/
Ser
vice
sLib
rary
/P
WA
IAN
013
14.
Am
endm
ents
to Q
atar
Con
stru
ctio
n S
peci
ficat
ions
(QC
S) 2
014
Com
pany
web
site
8G
HG
em
issi
ons
Ash
ghal
(201
6) A
bout
Us:
Ove
rvie
w. A
cces
sed
on 2
1 Ju
ly th
roug
h ht
tp:/
/ww
w.
ashg
hal.g
ov.q
a/en
/Abo
utU
S/P
ages
/def
ault.
aspx
Sco
pe a
nd ju
risdi
ctio
n of
Ash
ghal
in
rela
tion
to p
ublic
infra
stru
ctur
e pr
ojec
tsC
ompa
ny w
ebsi
te
9G
HG
em
issi
ons
BB
C N
ews
(201
5) ‘W
hat h
appe
ned
to th
e Q
atar
Wor
ld C
up’s
coo
ling
tech
nolo
gy?’
. Acc
esse
d on
29
July
201
6 th
roug
h ht
tp:/
/ww
w.b
bc.c
o.uk
/new
s/m
agaz
ine-
3160
8062
.
New
s ar
ticle
on
dist
rict c
oolin
g te
chno
logy
in Q
atar
Onl
ine
new
s ar
ticle
10G
HG
em
issi
ons
Con
stru
ctio
n W
eekl
y O
nlin
e (2
016)
Qat
ar’s
Tar
shee
d C
ampa
ign.
Acc
esse
d on
29
Jul
y 20
16 th
roug
h ht
tp:/
/ww
w.c
onst
ruct
ionw
eeko
nlin
e.co
m/a
rtic
le-3
8703
-qa
tar-
tars
heed
-cam
paig
n-le
ads-
to-2
19m
-in-s
avin
gs/.
Info
rmat
ion
on K
ahra
maa
’s T
arsh
eed
cam
paig
nO
nlin
e ne
ws
artic
le
11G
HG
em
issi
ons
Doh
a N
ews
(201
4) ‘R
epor
t: Q
atar
’s a
ir po
llutio
n un
acce
ptab
ly h
igh
44 p
erce
nt o
f the
ye
ar’
http
s://
ww
w.g
oogl
e.co
.uk/
url?
sa=
t&rc
t=j&
q=&
esrc
=s&
sour
ce=
web
&cd
=5&
cad=
rja&
uact
=8&
ved=
0a
hUK
Ew
iLpu
P98
fzN
AhX
mD
cAK
HR
jjAsY
QFg
g5M
AQ
&ur
l=ht
tp%
3A%
2F%
2Fen
glis
h.al
arab
iya.
net%
2Fen
%2F
busi
ness
%2F
ener
gy%
2F20
14%
2F09
%2F
17%
2FW
HO
-Qat
ar-
rank
s-2n
d-po
st-p
ollu
ted-
coun
try-
in-2
014.
htm
l&us
g=A
FQjC
NH
-L0a
yJP
L4B
iboo
gfK
JaA
Rx
eVZR
A&
sig2
=R
Au1
6Rf6
TRJC
1tiJ
zbJK
NA
Bas
elin
e am
bien
t air
qual
ity d
ata
of
Qat
arO
nlin
e ne
ws
artic
le
47Climate Change Strategy | Data Collection and Data Assessment
Item
Dat
a C
ateg
ory
So
urce
Des
crip
tion
of
info
rmat
ion
used
in
the
rep
ort
Dat
a ty
pe
12G
HG
em
issi
ons
Doh
a N
ews
(201
5) ‘Q
atar
set
s ne
w 2
016
dead
line
to g
et r
id o
f ene
rgy-
hung
ry
appl
ianc
es’.
Acc
esse
d on
29
July
201
6 th
roug
h ht
tp:/
/doh
anew
s.co
/qat
ar-
sets
-new
-201
6-de
adlin
e-to
-get
-rid
-of-
ener
gy-h
ungr
y-ap
plia
nces
/.
Info
rmat
ion
on g
reen
bui
ldin
gs in
G
CC
cou
ntrie
sO
nlin
e ne
ws
artic
le
13G
HG
em
issi
ons
Doh
a N
ews
(201
6a) 7
Jun
e 20
16, C
ensu
s: M
ajor
ity o
f Qat
ar’s
resi
dent
s liv
e in
‘la
bor
cam
ps’.
Acc
esse
d on
21
July
201
6 th
roug
h ht
tp:/
/doh
anew
s.co
/cen
sus-
maj
ority
-of-
qata
rs-r
esid
ents
-live
-in-la
bor-
cam
ps/
Info
rmat
ion
on li
ving
con
ditio
ns a
nd
acco
mm
odat
ion
type
s in
Qat
arO
nlin
e ne
ws
artic
le
14G
HG
em
issi
ons
Doh
a N
ews
(201
6b) S
ix th
ings
to k
now
abo
ut u
sing
the
bus
syst
em in
Qat
ar.
Acc
esse
d on
21
July
201
6 th
roug
h ht
tp:/
/doh
anew
s.co
/six
-thi
ngs-
to-k
now
-ab
out-
usin
g-th
e-bu
s-sy
stem
-in-q
atar
/
Info
rmat
ion
on p
ublic
tran
spor
t sy
stem
in Q
atar
Onl
ine
new
s ar
ticle
15G
HG
em
issi
ons
Eco
ME
NA
(201
5a) W
aste
Man
agem
ent O
utlo
ok fo
r Q
atar
. ac
cess
ed o
n 18
Ju
ly 2
016
thro
ugh
http
://w
ww
.eco
men
a.or
g/ta
g/m
esai
eed/
Typi
cal a
nnua
l was
te g
ener
atio
n da
ta fo
r Q
atar
. Inf
orm
atio
n on
the
oper
atio
nal c
apac
ity o
f cur
rent
la
ndfil
ls a
nd n
ew tr
eatm
ent p
lant
s ca
n al
so b
e us
ed to
cal
cula
te G
HG
em
issi
ons
asso
ciat
ed w
ith p
lant
op
erat
ions
Onl
ine
new
s ar
ticle
16G
HG
em
issi
ons
EE
A (2
015)
Ene
rgy
effic
ienc
y an
d sp
ecifi
c C
O2
emis
sion
s. A
cces
sed
on 1
8 Ju
ly
2016
thro
ugh
http
://w
ww
.eea
.eur
opa.
eu/d
ata-
and-
map
s/in
dica
tors
/ene
rgy-
effic
ienc
y-an
d-sp
ecifi
c-co
2-em
issi
ons/
ener
gy-e
ffici
ency
-and
-spe
cific
-co2
-5
Typi
cal C
O2
emis
sion
s fro
m th
e tr
ansp
ort s
ecto
r ba
sed
on E
urop
ean
stat
istic
s, in
clud
es a
vera
ges
for
diffe
rent
mod
es o
f tra
nspo
rt w
hich
w
ill al
so b
e ap
plic
able
to fr
eigh
t (im
port
/exp
ort o
f goo
ds)
Gov
ernm
ent r
esea
rch
publ
icat
ion
17G
HG
em
issi
ons
Ext
ensi
on (2
014)
‘Des
igni
ng e
nerg
y ef
ficie
nt n
ew h
omes
for
a w
arm
clim
ate’
. A
cces
sed
on 2
9 Ju
ly 2
016,
htt
p://
artic
les.
exte
nsio
n.or
g/pa
ges/
2627
2/de
sign
ing-
ener
gy-e
ffici
ent-
new
-hom
es-f
or-a
-war
m-c
limat
e
Info
rmat
ion
on e
nerg
y-ef
ficie
nt h
ome
desi
gns
Onl
ine
new
s ar
ticle
18G
HG
em
issi
ons
Farb
er D
A (2
007)
Dis
aste
r la
w a
nd in
equa
lity.
Pub
lishe
d in
‘25
Law
and
In
equa
lity
297’
. Acc
esse
d on
29
July
201
6 th
roug
h ht
tp:/
/sch
olar
ship
.law
.be
rkel
ey.e
du/f
acpu
bs/5
74.
Info
rmat
ion
on m
orta
lity
caus
ed b
y di
sast
ers
Non
-gov
ernm
ent r
esea
rch
publ
icat
ion
19G
HG
em
issi
ons
Forb
es (2
012)
The
Wor
ld’s
Ric
hest
Cou
ntrie
s. A
cces
sed
on 2
1 Ju
ly 2
016
thro
ugh
http
://w
ww
.forb
es.c
om/s
ites/
beth
gree
nfiel
d/20
12/0
2/22
/the
-wor
lds-
riche
st-
coun
trie
s/#c
a2e2
6697
bd5
Info
rmat
ion
on Q
atar
’s G
DP
rat
ing
Onl
ine
new
s ar
ticle
20G
HG
em
issi
ons
Futu
re D
irect
ions
(201
5b) F
ood
and
Wat
er S
ecur
ity in
Qat
ar: P
art 1
– F
ood
Pro
duct
ion,
htt
p://
ww
w.fu
ture
dire
ctio
ns.o
rg.a
u/pu
blic
atio
n/fo
od-a
nd-w
ater
-se
curit
y-in
-qat
ar-p
art-
1-fo
od-p
rodu
ctio
n/
Clim
ate
chan
ges
impa
cts
on w
ater
an
d fo
od s
ecur
ity is
sues
in Q
atar
w
ill be
cor
rela
ted
to in
crea
sed
impo
rtat
ion
of g
oods
.
Non
-gov
ernm
ent r
esea
rch
publ
icat
ion
21G
HG
em
issi
ons
Futu
re D
irect
ions
Inte
rnat
iona
l (20
15a)
‘Foo
d an
d W
ater
Sec
urity
in Q
atar
: Par
t 2
– W
ater
Res
ourc
es’,
http
://w
ww
.futu
redi
rect
ions
.org
.au/
publ
icat
ion/
food
-an
d-w
ater
-sec
urity
-in-q
atar
-par
t-2-
wat
er-r
esou
rces
/.
Incr
ease
in lo
cal f
arm
s (i.
e. in
crea
se
in w
ater
con
sum
ptio
n) to
add
ress
w
ater
and
food
sec
urity
issu
es
Non
-gov
ernm
ent r
esea
rch
publ
icat
ion
48Climate Change Strategy | Data Collection and Data Assessment
Item
Dat
a C
ateg
ory
So
urce
Des
crip
tion
of
info
rmat
ion
used
in
the
rep
ort
Dat
a ty
pe
22G
HG
em
issi
ons
Gen
eral
Sec
reta
riat f
or D
evel
opm
ent P
lann
ing
(GS
DP
) (20
08) Q
atar
Nat
iona
l V
isio
n 20
30.
Ove
rvie
w o
f the
Qat
ar N
atio
nal
Vis
ion
for
2030
(QN
V20
30)
Com
pany
web
site
23G
HG
em
issi
ons
Gen
eral
Sec
reta
riat f
or D
evel
opm
ent P
lann
ing
(GS
DP
) (20
11) Q
atar
Nat
iona
l D
evel
opm
ent S
trat
egy
2011
-201
6.In
form
atio
n on
sup
port
ing
docu
men
tatio
n fo
r Q
NV
2030
Com
pany
web
site
24G
HG
em
issi
ons
Gen
eral
Sec
reta
riat f
or D
evel
opm
ent P
lann
ing
(GS
DP
) (20
13) S
usta
inab
le
Dev
elop
men
t Ind
icat
ors
in th
e S
tate
of Q
atar
201
3. A
cces
sed
on 2
1 Ju
ly 2
-16
thro
ugh
http
://w
ww
.goo
gle.
co.u
k/ur
l?sa
=t&
rct=
j&q=
&es
rc=
s&frm
=
1&so
urce
=w
eb&
cd=
1&ca
d=rja
&ua
ct=
8&
ved=
0ahU
KE
wiL
9cS
f1Yv
OA
hXM
RI8
KH
U1S
CuI
QFg
ghM
AA
&
url=
http
%3A
%2F
%2F
di.m
ofa.
gov.
qa%
2FA
rabi
c%2F
Doc
Lib4
%2F
sus
tain
able
-dev
elop
-En.
pdf&
usg=
AFQ
jCN
HP
lIGj2
IjOyZ
wZP
AM
XZm
-w
1Wlb
Bw
&bv
m=
bv.1
2798
4354
,d.c
2I
Info
rmat
ion
on th
e gr
owin
g co
nsum
ptio
n an
d de
man
d fo
r el
ectr
icity
bas
ed o
n ec
onom
ic
grow
th o
f key
sec
tors
Com
pany
web
site
25G
HG
em
issi
ons
Glo
bal W
ater
Inte
l (20
11) ‘
Qat
ar’.
Acc
esse
d on
21
July
thro
ugh
http
s://
ww
w.
glob
alw
ater
inte
l.com
/clie
nt_m
edia
/upl
oade
d/G
WM
_201
1_sa
mpl
e_ch
apte
r.pdf
In
form
atio
n on
Qat
ar’s
ave
rage
an
nual
gro
undw
ater
rech
arge
rat
eN
on-g
over
nmen
t res
earc
h pu
blic
atio
n
26G
HG
em
issi
ons
Gul
f Tim
es (9
Oct
ober
201
5) Q
atar
ele
ctric
ity c
onsu
mpt
ion:
Dom
estic
usa
ge
mor
e th
an h
alf.
Acc
esse
d on
21
July
201
6 th
roug
h ht
tp:/
/ww
w.g
ulf-
times
.com
/st
ory/
4581
41/Q
atar
-ele
ctric
ity-c
onsu
mpt
ion-
Dom
estic
-usa
ge-m
ore-
Ave
rage
pow
er c
onsu
mpt
ion
rate
s of
Qat
ar
Onl
ine
new
s ar
ticle
27G
HG
em
issi
ons
Gul
f Tim
es (A
pril
2015
) Tar
shee
d ca
mpa
ign
save
s Q
R60
0mn
for
Kah
ram
aa.
Acc
esse
d on
24
July
201
6 th
roug
h ht
tp:/
/ww
w.g
ulf-
times
.com
/sto
ry/4
3616
8/Ta
rshe
ed-c
ampa
ign-
save
s-Q
R60
0mn-
for-
Kah
ram
aa
Info
rmat
ion
on re
duct
ion
in G
HG
em
issi
ons
resu
lting
from
loca
l in
tiativ
es to
redu
ce w
ater
and
el
ectr
icity
con
sum
ptio
n
Onl
ine
new
s ar
ticle
28G
HG
em
issi
ons
Hon
eyw
ell (
2016
) Hon
eyw
ell S
mar
t Bui
ldin
g S
core
: Mid
dle
Eas
t. A
cces
sed
on 2
9 Ju
ly 2
016
thro
ugh
http
://s
mar
tbui
ldin
gs.h
oney
wel
l.com
/re
sour
ce/1
4583
0008
0000
/ME
hsbs
_whi
tepa
per.
Info
rmat
ion
on g
reen
bui
ldin
gsN
on-g
over
nmen
t res
earc
h pu
blic
atio
n
29G
HG
em
issi
ons
Huk
oom
i (20
16a)
Was
te M
anag
emen
t and
Rec
yclin
g. A
cces
sed
on
19 J
uly
2016
thro
ugh
http
://p
orta
l.ww
w.g
ov.q
a/w
ps/p
orta
l/top
ics/
Env
ironm
ent+
and+
Nat
ural
+R
esou
rces
/Was
te+
Man
agem
ent+
and+
Rec
yclin
g
Was
te g
ener
atio
n da
ta a
s a
mea
sure
of
met
hane
pro
duct
ion
(GH
G
emis
sion
s co
ntrib
utor
)G
over
nmen
t res
earc
h pu
blic
atio
n
30G
HG
em
issi
ons
Inte
rgov
ernm
enta
l Pan
el o
n C
limat
e C
hang
e (2
007)
IPC
C F
ourt
h A
sses
smen
t R
epor
t: C
limat
e C
hang
e. A
cces
sed
on 2
4 Ju
ly 2
016
thro
ugh
http
s://
ww
w.ip
cc.
ch/p
ublic
atio
ns_a
nd_d
ata/
ar4/
syr/
en/s
pms4
.htm
l.
Info
rmat
ion
on fi
ndin
gs o
f the
AR
4 R
epor
tN
on-g
over
nmen
t res
earc
h pu
blic
atio
n
31G
HG
em
issi
ons
Inte
rgov
ernm
enta
l Pan
el o
n C
limat
e C
hang
e (IP
CC
) (20
13) W
orki
ng G
roup
I (W
GI)
cont
ribut
ion
to th
e In
terg
over
nmen
tal P
anel
on
Clim
ate
Cha
nge
(IPC
C)
Fifth
Ass
essm
ent R
epor
t (A
R5)
. Acc
esse
d on
24
July
thro
ugh
http
://w
ww
.ipcc
.ch
/rep
ort/
ar5/
wg1
/
Det
aile
d as
sess
men
t of c
limat
e ch
ange
impa
cts
for
key
scen
ario
sN
on-g
over
nmen
t res
earc
h pu
blic
atio
n
49Climate Change Strategy | Data Collection and Data Assessment
Item
Dat
a C
ateg
ory
So
urce
Des
crip
tion
of
info
rmat
ion
used
in
the
rep
ort
Dat
a ty
pe
32G
HG
em
issi
ons
Inte
rgov
ernm
enta
l Pan
el o
n C
limat
e C
hang
e (IP
CC
) (20
13) W
orki
ng G
roup
III
(WG
3) S
peci
al R
epor
t on
Defi
nitio
n of
Em
issi
ons
Sce
nario
s. A
cces
sed
on
24 J
uly
2016
thro
ugh
http
://w
ww
.ipcc
.ch/
ipcc
repo
rts/
sres
/em
issi
on/in
dex.
php?
idp=
25
Upd
ated
defi
nitio
n of
Em
issi
ons
Sce
nario
sN
on-g
over
nmen
t res
earc
h pu
blic
atio
n
33G
HG
em
issi
ons
Jone
s, P
.R. (
2016
) Im
prov
ing
flood
pro
tect
ion
in Q
atar
. Acc
esse
d on
29
July
20
16 th
roug
h ht
tp:/
/net
wor
k.w
sp-p
b.co
m/a
rtic
le/im
prov
ing-
flood
-pro
tect
ion-
in-
qata
r.
Ove
rvie
w o
f floo
d pr
otec
tion
prog
ram
me
in Q
atar
Onl
ine
new
s ar
ticle
34G
HG
em
issi
ons
KA
HR
AM
AA
(201
3) ‘N
ew Q
atar
i sta
ndar
ds fo
r A
C e
nerg
y ef
ficie
ncy’
. Acc
esse
d on
29
July
201
6 th
roug
h ht
tps:
//w
ww
.km
.com
.qa/
Med
iaC
ente
r/pa
ges/
New
sDet
ails
.asp
x?Ite
mID
=18
.
Ove
rvie
w o
f ene
rgy
effic
ienc
y pr
ogra
mm
eC
ompa
ny w
ebsi
te
35G
HG
em
issi
ons
KA
HR
AM
AA
(201
6a) V
isio
n an
d M
issi
on. A
cces
sed
on 2
1 Ju
ly 2
016
thro
ugh
http
s://
ww
w.k
m.c
om.q
a/A
bout
Us/
Pag
es/V
isio
nMis
sion
.asp
x O
verv
iew
of K
ahra
maa
’s s
cope
and
ju
risdi
ctio
nC
ompa
ny w
ebsi
te
36G
HG
em
issi
ons
KA
HR
AM
AA
(201
6b) T
ariff
rat
es. A
cces
sed
on 2
9 Ju
ly 2
016
thro
ugh
http
://
ww
w.k
m.c
om.q
a/cu
stom
erse
rvic
e/pa
ges/
tarif
f.asp
x.In
form
atio
n on
ele
ctric
ity ta
riff r
ates
Com
pany
web
site
37G
HG
em
issi
ons
Luom
i, M
(201
2) Q
atar
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e ch
ange
on
indu
stria
l pro
duct
ivity
Non
-gov
ernm
ent r
esea
rch
publ
icat
ion
67G
HG
em
issi
ons
Sta
te o
f Qat
ar M
inis
try
of E
nviro
nmen
t (M
oE) (
2015
) Int
ende
d N
atio
nally
D
eter
min
ed C
ontr
ibut
ions
Rep
ort,
http
://w
ww
4.un
fccc
.int/
Sub
mis
sion
s/IN
DC
/P
ublis
hed%
20D
ocum
ents
/Qat
ar/1
/Qat
ar%
20IN
DC
s%20
Rep
ort%
20-E
nglis
h.pd
f
Gen
eral
ove
rvie
w o
f Qat
ar’s
ong
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pr
ogra
ms
in v
ario
us s
ecto
rs to
ad
dres
s cl
imat
e ch
ange
impa
cts
Gov
ernm
ent r
esea
rch
publ
icat
ion
68G
HG
em
issi
ons
Sus
tain
able
dev
elop
men
t ind
icat
ors
2013
Bas
elin
e am
bien
t air
qual
ity d
ata
of Q
atar
. Inf
orm
atio
n on
ele
ctric
ity
cons
umpt
ion
per
capi
ta.
Non
-gov
ernm
ent r
esea
rch
publ
icat
ion
69G
HG
em
issi
ons
The
Ann
ual A
bstr
act 2
012
stat
es th
at R
uwdi
t Ras
hed
land
fill r
ecei
ved
9.2
milli
on m
etric
tons
of c
onst
ruct
ion
was
te a
nd 2
,726
met
ric to
ns o
f tire
s; a
nd th
e U
mm
Al-A
fai l
andfi
ll re
ceiv
ed 3
04,2
59 m
etric
tons
of b
ulky
item
s; 5
9,08
6 to
ns
of c
onst
ruct
ion
was
te; 4
4,15
1 to
ns o
f dom
estic
was
te; a
nd 5
58 to
ns o
f oth
er
was
te.
Typi
cal a
nnua
l was
te g
ener
atio
n da
ta fo
r Q
atar
. Inf
orm
atio
n on
the
oper
atio
nal c
apac
ity o
f cur
rent
la
ndfil
ls a
nd n
ew tr
eatm
ent p
lant
s ca
n al
so b
e us
ed to
cal
cula
te G
HG
em
issi
ons
asso
ciat
ed w
ith p
lant
op
erat
ions
Gov
ernm
ent r
esea
rch
publ
icat
ion
70G
HG
em
issi
ons
The
Pen
insu
la (2
9 Fe
brua
ry 2
016)
Exp
ats
use
seve
n tim
es le
ss w
ater
than
Q
atar
is. A
cces
ed o
n 21
Jul
y 20
16 th
roug
h ht
tp:/
/ww
w.th
epen
insu
laqa
tar.c
om/
new
s/qa
tar/
3723
36/e
xpat
s-us
e-se
ven-
times
-less
-wat
er-t
han-
qata
ris
Wat
er c
onsu
mpt
ion
rate
s of
exp
ats
in c
ompa
rison
to lo
cal p
opul
atio
n O
nlin
e ne
ws
artic
le
71G
HG
em
issi
ons
The
Wor
ld B
ank
(201
6a) C
limat
e C
hang
e K
now
ledg
e P
orta
l. ht
tp:/
/sd
web
x.w
orld
bank
.org
/clim
atep
orta
l/ind
ex.c
fm?p
age=
coun
try_
vuln
erab
ilitie
s&Th
isR
egio
n=M
iddl
e%20
Eas
t&Th
isC
code
=Q
AT
Impa
cts
of c
limat
e ch
ange
on
diffe
rent
asp
ects
Non
-gov
ernm
ent r
esea
rch
publ
icat
ion
72G
HG
em
issi
ons
UN
EP
(201
5) ‘Q
atar
air
qual
ity p
olic
ies’
, ww
w.u
nep.
org/
tran
spor
t/ai
rqua
lity/
Qat
ar.p
dfG
uide
lines
for
ambi
ent a
ir qu
ality
Non
-gov
ernm
ent r
esea
rch
publ
icat
ion
53Climate Change Strategy | Data Collection and Data Assessment
Item
Dat
a C
ateg
ory
So
urce
Des
crip
tion
of
info
rmat
ion
used
in
the
rep
ort
Dat
a ty
pe
73G
HG
em
issi
ons
Uni
ted
Nat
ions
Clim
ate
Cha
nge
Sec
reta
riat (
2015
) ‘U
NFC
C C
ount
ry B
rief 2
014:
Q
atar
”, h
ttp:
//ne
wsr
oom
.unf
ccc.
int/
med
ia/4
9329
8/co
untr
y-br
ief-
qata
r.pdf
G
HG
em
issi
ons
cont
ribut
ion
and
ener
gy c
onsu
mpt
ion
of k
ey s
ecto
rsN
on-g
over
nmen
t res
earc
h pu
blic
atio
n
74G
HG
em
issi
ons
Wat
erW
orld
(201
5) W
ill Q
atar
Tur
n th
e A
rabi
an ti
de to
RO
des
alin
atio
n?.
Acc
esse
d on
21
July
thro
ugh
http
://w
ww
.wat
erw
orld
.com
/art
icle
s/w
wi/p
rint/
volu
me-
27/is
sue-
1/re
gion
al-s
potli
ght/
mid
dle-
east
-afri
ca/w
ill-qa
tar-
turn
.htm
l?_
sm_a
u_=
iHV
t5V
1SW
1360
sWj
Info
rmat
ion
on e
xist
ing/
futu
re
desa
linat
ion
capa
city
can
als
o be
us
ed to
cal
cula
te G
HG
em
issi
ons
asso
ciat
ed w
ith p
lant
ope
ratio
ns
Onl
ine
new
s ar
ticle
75G
HG
em
issi
ons
Wor
ld B
ank
(201
6b) E
lect
ricty
Con
sum
ptio
n pe
r ca
pita
– Q
atar
. A
cces
sed
on 2
1 Ju
ly 2
016
thro
ugh
http
s://
ww
w.g
oogl
e.co
.uk/
publ
icda
ta/e
xplo
re?d
s=d5
bncp
pjof
8f9_
&m
et_y
=eg
_use
_ele
c_kh
_pc
&id
im=
coun
try:
QAT
:SA
U:K
WT&
hl=
en&
dl=
en
Info
rmat
ion
on d
omes
tic e
lect
ricity
co
nsum
ptio
nN
on-g
over
nmen
t res
earc
h pu
blic
atio
n
76G
HG
em
issi
ons
Wor
ld H
ealth
Org
anis
atio
n (2
014)
Am
bien
t (ou
tdoo
r) ai
r qu
ality
and
hea
lth,
http
://w
ww
.who
.int/
med
iace
ntre
/fac
tshe
ets/
fs31
3/en
/B
asel
ine
ambi
ent a
ir qu
ality
dat
a of
Q
atar
Non
-gov
ernm
ent r
esea
rch
publ
icat
ion
77G
HG
em
issi
ons
Wor
ld R
esou
rces
Inst
itute
(201
4) C
AIT
Clim
ate
Dat
a E
xplo
rer,
http
://w
ww
.wri.
org/
reso
urce
s/da
ta-s
ets/
cait-
coun
try-
gree
nhou
se-g
as-e
mis
sion
s-da
ta
Tota
l GH
G e
mis
sion
s pe
r co
untr
y ba
sed
on 2
012
resu
ltsN
on-g
over
nmen
t res
earc
h pu
blic
atio
n
78G
HG
em
issi
ons
Wor
ld T
rave
l and
Tou
rism
Cou
ncil
(201
5) T
rave
l & T
ouris
m E
cono
mic
Impa
ct
2015
Qat
arE
cono
mic
impa
cts
of c
limat
e ch
ange
to to
uris
mN
on-g
over
nmen
t res
earc
h pu
blic
atio
n
79G
HG
em
issi
ons
Xian
g Y,
El H
amra
W a
nd K
hodr
SM
(201
5) “
Tow
ards
adv
ance
d pu
blic
tr
ansp
ort i
nves
tmen
t with
mul
ti-le
vele
d ec
onom
ic a
sses
smen
t”, a
bstr
acts
.ae
tran
spor
t.org
/pap
er/d
ownl
oad/
id/4
454.
Des
crip
tion
of Q
atar
’s tr
ansp
orta
tion
profi
le a
nd b
asel
ine
ambi
ent a
ir qu
ality
dat
a
Non
-gov
ernm
ent r
esea
rch
publ
icat
ion
80O
cean
sM
eltz
er J
and
N H
ultm
an (2
014)
Low
-Car
bon
Ene
rgy
Tran
sitio
ns in
Qat
ar a
nd
the
Gul
f Coo
pera
tion
Cou
ncil
Reg
ion,
htt
p://
ww
w.b
rook
ings
.edu
/res
earc
h/re
port
s/20
14/0
3/lo
w-c
arbo
n-en
ergy
-tra
nsiti
ons-
qata
r-hu
ltman
-mel
tzer
Impa
cts
of s
ea le
vel r
ise
in G
CC
co
untr
ies
Non
-gov
ernm
ent r
esea
rch
publ
icat
ion
81O
cean
sM
inis
try
of E
nviro
nmen
t (M
oE) (
2010
) Sen
sitiv
ity M
appi
ng o
f the
Wes
tern
Coa
st
of Q
atar
– P
hase
2.
Info
rmat
ion
on im
pact
s of
sea
leve
l ris
e in
Qat
ar’s
wes
tern
coa
stG
over
nmen
t res
earc
h pu
blic
atio
n
82O
cean
sM
inis
try
of M
unic
ipal
ity a
nd U
rban
Pla
nnin
g (2
014a
) Int
egra
ted
Coa
stal
Zon
e M
anag
emen
t Pla
n fo
r th
e S
tate
of Q
atar
: Clim
ate
chan
ge a
nd s
ea le
vel r
ise
stud
y, R
ef: M
A 2
.1. D
ated
17
May
201
4.
Key
find
ings
on
sea
leve
l ris
e im
pact
s fro
m IC
ZMP
Gov
ernm
ent r
esea
rch
publ
icat
ion
83O
cean
sM
inis
try
of M
unic
ipal
ity a
nd U
rban
Pla
nnin
g (2
014c
) Int
egra
ted
Coa
stal
Zon
e M
anag
emen
t Pla
n fo
r th
e S
tate
of Q
atar
: Cul
tura
l and
Soc
ial A
naly
sis
Ref
: MA
2.
6. D
ated
4 M
ay 2
014.
Key
find
ings
on
cultu
ral a
nd s
ocia
l an
alys
is fr
om IC
ZMP
Gov
ernm
ent r
esea
rch
publ
icat
ion
84O
cean
sS
upre
me
Cou
ncil
for
Env
ironm
ent a
nd N
atur
al R
eser
ves
(SC
EN
R) (
2008
) S
ensi
tivity
Map
ping
of t
he E
aste
rn C
oast
of Q
atar
– P
hase
1.
Info
rmat
ion
on im
pact
s of
sea
leve
l ris
e in
Qat
ar’s
wes
tern
coa
stG
over
nmen
t res
earc
h pu
blic
atio
n
54Climate Change Strategy | Data Collection and Data Assessment
Item
Dat
a C
ateg
ory
So
urce
Des
crip
tion
of
info
rmat
ion
used
in
the
rep
ort
Dat
a ty
pe
85O
cean
sTo
lba,
M.K
. and
N.W
. Saa
b, e
ds. (
2009
) Ara
b E
nviro
nmen
t: C
limat
e ch
ange
, ip
cc-w
g2.g
ov/n
jlite_
dow
nloa
d.ph
p?id
=67
84
Impa
cts
of s
ea le
vel r
ise
in G
CC
co
untr
ies
Non
-gov
ernm
ent r
esea
rch
publ
icat
ion
86O
cean
sW
orld
Ban
k (2
013)
Wat
er Is
Foc
us o
f Clim
ate
Cha
nge
in M
iddl
e E
ast a
nd N
orth
A
frica
. Acc
esse
d on
21
July
201
6 th
roug
h ht
tp:/
/web
.wor
ldba
nk.o
rg/a
rchi
ve/
web
site
0141
8/W
EB
/0__
C-1
51.H
TM
Ave
rage
sea
leve
l ris
e in
ME
NA
re
gion
Non
-gov
ernm
ent r
esea
rch
publ
icat
ion
87W
eath
er a
nd
Clim
ate
CO
WI (
2013
) Sta
tistic
al s
tudy
of r
ainf
all i
n Q
atar
Met
eoro
logi
cal d
ata
Non
-gov
ernm
ent r
esea
rch
publ
icat
ion
88W
eath
er a
nd
Clim
ate
Lelie
veld
, J. e
t al.
(201
6) S
tron
gly
incr
easi
ng h
eat e
xtre
mes
in th
e M
iddl
e E
ast
and
Nor
th A
frica
(ME
NA
) in
the
21st
cen
tury
. C
limat
e C
hang
e 13
7, p
p. 2
45-
260.
Met
eoro
logi
cal d
ata
- in
crea
se in
te
mpe
ratu
reN
on-g
over
nmen
t res
earc
h pu
blic
atio
n
89W
eath
er a
nd
Clim
ate
Min
istr
y of
Mun
icip
aliti
es a
nd U
rban
Pla
nnin
g (2
013)
Stu
dy o
f Reg
iona
l Des
ign
Rai
nfal
l, Q
atar
.m
eteo
rolo
gica
l dat
aG
over
nmen
t res
earc
h pu
blic
atio
n
90W
eath
er a
nd
Clim
ate
UN
DP
(201
0) M
appi
ng o
f clim
ate
chan
ge th
reat
s an
d hu
man
dev
elop
men
t im
pact
s in
the
Ara
b re
gion
, ww
w.a
rab-
hdr.o
rg/p
ublic
atio
ns/o
ther
/ahd
rps/
pape
r02-
en.p
df
Incr
ease
in te
mpe
ratu
res
and
redu
ctio
n in
rai
nfal
l vol
ume
Non
-gov
ernm
ent r
esea
rch
publ
icat
ion
91W
eath
er a
nd
Clim
ate
Uni
vers
ity o
f Cam
brid
ge (2
013)
Clim
ate
chan
ge: a
ctio
n, tr
ends
and
impl
icat
ions
fo
r bu
sine
ss. A
cces
sed
on 1
4 Ju
ly 2
016
thro
ugh
http
s://
euro
pean
clim
ate.
org/
docu
men
ts/IP
CC
Web
Gui
de.p
df
Impa
cts
of te
mpe
ratu
re in
crea
se o
n ke
y se
ctor
s, in
add
ition
to p
rovi
ding
an
ove
rvie
w o
f clim
ate
chan
ge
stra
tegy
Non
-gov
ernm
ent r
esea
rch
publ
icat
ion
55Climate Change Strategy | Data Collection and Data Assessment
GHD Derived Data
Ser GHD Name Geometry Type Format LocationGHD Data Type
Date Created
Updated Origin Origin Layer Name Description Comments
1 DEM_10m_QN 10m Grid Raster FGDB 7511036\GIS\Data\Elevation\20140923_COWI_Terrain_Data\COWI_Terrain_Data.gdb Elevation 22-Sep-14 GHD Terrian_100m_GRID Qatar National 10m DEM
2 National_Terrain_100m_GRID 3D Terrain FGDB 7511036\GIS\Data\Elevation\20140923_COWI_Terrain_Data\COWI_Terrain_Data.gdb\Terrain_100m_GRID
Elevation 22-Sep-14 GHD Process
3 COWI_BREAKLINE_100m_GRID Lines Feature Class FGDB 7511036\GIS\Data\Elevation\20140923_COWI_Terrain_Data\COWI_Terrain_Data.gdb\Terrain_100m_GRID
Elevation 22-Sep-14 MMUP COWI.BREAKLINE_10K_ARC
4 COWI_DEM_100m_GRID Points Feature Class FGDB 7511036\GIS\Data\Elevation\20140923_COWI_Terrain_Data\COWI_Terrain_Data.gdb\Terrain_100m_GRID
Elevation 22-Sep-14 MMUP COWI.DEM_10K_POINT
5 National_AOI Polygon Feature Class FGDB 7511036\GIS\Data\Elevation\20140923_COWI_Terrain_Data\COWI_Terrain_Data.gdb\Terrain_100m_GRID
Boundary 22-Sep-14 MMUP TOPO.Coast_Polygon
5 TOPO_HEIGHT_BUILDING_Point Points Feature Class FGDB 7511036\GIS\Data\Elevation\20140923_COWI_Terrain_Data\COWI_Terrain_Data.gdb Elevation 22-Sep-14 MMUP TOPO.HEIGHT_BUILDING_Point
6 TOPO_HEIGHT_SPOT_Point Points Feature Class FGDB 7511036\GIS\Data\Elevation\20140923_COWI_Terrain_Data\COWI_Terrain_Data.gdb Elevation 22-Sep-14 MMUP TOPO.HEIGHT_SPOT_Point
7 COWI_BREAKLINE_10m_GRID Lines Feature Class FGDB 7511036\GIS\Data\Elevation\20140923_COWI_Terrain_Data\COWI_Terrain_Data.gdb\Terrain_10m_GRID
Elevation 22-Sep-14 MMUP COWI.BREAKLINE_01K_ARC
8 COWI_DEM_10m_GRID Points Feature Class FGDB 7511036\GIS\Data\Elevation\20140923_COWI_Terrain_Data\COWI_Terrain_Data.gdb\Terrain_10m_GRID
Elevation 22-Sep-14 MMUP COWI.DEM_01K_POINT
9 Qatar_Coast_Line Lines Feature Class FGDB 7511036\GIS\Data\Boundaries\Boundarys.gdb Boundary 23-Sep-14 MMUP Coast_Arc
10 Qatar_Coast_Poly Polygon Feature Class FGDB 7511036\GIS\Data\Boundaries\Boundarys.gdb Boundary 23-Sep-14 MMUP Coast_Polygon
11 Urban_10m_GRID_AOI Polygon Feature Class FGDB 7511036\GIS\Data\Elevation\20140923_COWI_Terrain_Data\COWI_Terrain_Data.gdb\Terrain_10m_GRID
Boundary 23-Sep-14 GHD Process Polygon outline of Terrain Data
12 Urban_AOI_Terrain_10m_GRID 3D Terrain FGDB 7511036\GIS\Data\Elevation\20140923_COWI_Terrain_Data\COWI_Terrain_Data.gdb\Terrain_10m_GRID
Elevation 23-Sep-14 GHD Process
13 DEM_5m_QN 5m Grid Raster FGDB 7511036\GIS\Data\Elevation\20140923_COWI_Terrain_Data\COWI_Terrain_Data.gdb Elevation 23-Sep-14 GHD Process
14 DEM_2m_QN 2m Grid Raster FGDB 7511036\GIS\Data\Elevation\20140923_COWI_Terrain_Data\COWI_Terrain_Data.gdb Elevation 23-Sep-14 GHD Process
15 Compound_Walls_3d Lines3D Feature Class FGDB 7511036\GIS\Data\Structure\Structure.gdb Structure 21-Sep-14 16-Oct-15 MMUP TOPO.STRUCTURE_Line
16 Building_Footprints_3d Polygon3D Feature Class FGDB 7511036\GIS\Data\Structure\Structure.gdb Structure 21-Sep-14 16-Oct-15 MMUP TOPO.STRUCTURE_Polygon
17 Farm_Wells Points Feature Class FGDB 7511036\GIS\Data\Farming\Agriculture.gdb Farming 25-Feb-15 16-Oct-15 MMUP AGR_Wells
18 Farms Polygon Feature Class FGDB 7511036\GIS\Data\Farming\Agriculture.gdb Farming 25-Feb-15 16-Oct-15 MMUP AGR_Farms
19 Soil_classifcation Polygon Feature Class FGDB 7511036\GIS\Data\Farming\Agriculture.gdb Farming 25-Feb-15 16-Oct-15 MMUP AGR_soilrecn
20 Vegetation_Cover Polygon Feature Class FGDB 7511036\GIS\Data\Environmental\Environmental.gdb Environment 25-Feb-15 MMUP TOPO_VEGETATION_POLYGON Used Topo dataset as appears more complete
21 Urban_Transport Polygon Feature Class FGDB 7511036\GIS\Data\Transportation\Transportation.gdb Environment 25-Feb-15 MMUP COWI_URBAN_POLYGON
22 Landscape_Features Polygon Feature Class FGDB 7511036\GIS\Data\Environmental\Environmental.gdb Environment 25-Feb-15 MMUP COWI_LANDSCAP_POLYGON Used COWI dataset as appears more complete
23 LandChange Polygon Feature Class FGDB 7511036\GIS\Data\Environmental\Environmental.gdb Environment 25-Feb-15 MMUP TOPO_LANDCHANGE_Polygon Used Topo dataset as appears more complete
24 SurfaceGndWater_GullyConnection Lines Feature Class FGDB 7511036\GIS\Data\Utilities\Utilities.gdb Utilities 25-Feb-15 16-Oct-15 MMUP DRAIN.SGW.Network.sglngcon
25 SurfaceGndWater_RisingMains Lines Feature Class FGDB 7511036\GIS\Data\Utilities\Utilities.gdb Utilities 25-Feb-15 16-Oct-15 MMUP DRAIN.SGW.Network.sglnrsmn
26 SurfaceGndWater_Line Lines Feature Class FGDB 7511036\GIS\Data\Utilities\Utilities.gdb Utilities 25-Feb-15 16-Oct-15 MMUP DRAIN.SGW.Network.sglnsewr
27 SurfaceGndWater_Stubline Lines Feature Class FGDB 7511036\GIS\Data\Utilities\Utilities.gdb Utilities 25-Feb-15 16-Oct-15 MMUP DRAIN.SGW.Network.sglnstub
28 SurfaceGndWater_Discharge Points Feature Class FGDB 7511036\GIS\Data\Utilities\Utilities.gdb Utilities 25-Feb-15 16-Oct-15 MMUP DRAIN.SGW.Network.sgnddsch
29 SurfaceGndWater_Manhole Points Feature Class FGDB 7511036\GIS\Data\Utilities\Utilities.gdb Utilities 25-Feb-15 16-Oct-15 MMUP DRAIN.SGW.Network.sgndmnhl
30 Sewer_LineRisingMain Lines Feature Class FGDB 7511036\GIS\Data\Utilities\Utilities.gdb Utilities 25-Feb-15 16-Oct-15 MMUP DRAIN.Foul.Sewer.Network.swlnrsmn
31 Sewer_Line Lines Feature Class FGDB 7511036\GIS\Data\Utilities\Utilities.gdb Utilities 25-Feb-15 16-Oct-15 MMUP DRAIN.Foul.Sewer.Network.swlnsewr
32 Sewer_Stubline Lines Feature Class FGDB 7511036\GIS\Data\Utilities\Utilities.gdb Utilities 25-Feb-15 16-Oct-15 MMUP DRAIN.Foul.Sewer.Network.swlnstub
33 Sewer_Manhole Points Feature Class FGDB 7511036\GIS\Data\Utilities\Utilities.gdb Utilities 25-Feb-15 16-Oct-15 MMUP DRAIN.Foul.Sewer.Network.swndmnhl
34 Sewer_Discharge Points Feature Class FGDB 7511036\GIS\Data\Utilities\Utilities.gdb Utilities 25-Feb-15 16-Oct-15 MMUP DRAIN.Foul.Sewer.Network.swnddsch
35 Sewer_PumpStations Points Feature Class FGDB 7511036\GIS\Data\Utilities\Utilities.gdb Utilities 25-Feb-15 16-Oct-15 MMUP DRAIN.Foul.Sewer.Network.swndpstn
36 TreatedEffluent_Valve_Chamber Points Feature Class FGDB 7511036\GIS\Data\Utilities\Utilities.gdb Utilities 25-Feb-15 16-Oct-15 MMUP DRAIN.Teated.Effluent.tendvlch
37 TreatedEffluent_PumpStations Points Feature Class FGDB 7511036\GIS\Data\Utilities\Utilities.gdb Utilities 25-Feb-15 16-Oct-15 MMUP DRAIN.Teated.Effluent.tendpstn
38 TreatedEffluent_Pipe Lines Feature Class FGDB 7511036\GIS\Data\Utilities\Utilities.gdb Utilities 25-Feb-15 16-Oct-15 MMUP DRAIN.Teated.Effluent.telnppip
39 TreatedEffluent_Node Points Feature Class FGDB 7511036\GIS\Data\Utilities\Utilities.gdb Utilities 25-Feb-15 MMUP DRAIN.tenddsvc Removed from Dataset Oct 2015 as not in updated MMUP Dataset
40 CombinedDrains_RisingMains Lines Feature Class FGDB 7511036\GIS\Data\Utilities\Utilities.gdb Utilities 26-Feb-15 MMUP DRAIN.zzlnrsmn Removed from Dataset Oct 2015 as not in updated MMUP Dataset
41 CombinedDrains_PumpStations Points Feature Class FGDB 7511036\GIS\Data\Utilities\Utilities.gdb Utilities 26-Feb-15 MMUP DRAIN.zzndpstn Removed from Dataset Oct 2015 as not in updated MMUP Dataset
42 Doha_HistoricalSurfaceFlooding Polygon Feature Class FGDB 7511036\GIS\Data\Utilities\Utilities.gdb Utilities 26-Feb-15 MMUP DRAIN.flood
43 Geology Polygon Feature Class FGDB 7511036\GIS\Data\Environmental\Environmental.gdb Environment 26-Feb-15 16-Oct-15 MMUP ENVIRONMENTAL.Geology
44 Mangrove Polygon Feature Class FGDB 7511036\GIS\Data\Environmental\Environmental.gdb Environment 26-Feb-15 16-Oct-15 MMUP ENVIRONMENTAL.Mangrove
Appendix B: GIS Data Inventory (Processed Data)Table B-1: GIS Data Inventory
56Climate Change Strategy | Data Collection and Data Assessment
GHD Derived Data
Ser GHD Name Geometry Type Format LocationGHD Data Type
Date Created
Updated Origin Origin Layer Name Description Comments
45 ProtectedAreas Polygon Feature Class FGDB 7511036\GIS\Data\Environmental\Environmental.gdb Environment 26-Feb-15 16-Oct-15 MMUP ENVIRONMENTAL.ProtectedAreas
46 GeographicPlaceNames_QND95 Points Feature Class FGDB 7511036\GIS\Data\Location\Location.gdb Location 26-Feb-15 LIC LIC_QatarGeoNames Reprojected form Custom to QND95 Projection
47 CityVillages_QND95 Points Feature Class FGDB 7511036\GIS\Data\Location\Location.gdb Location 26-Feb-15 LIC LIC_QatarMainCities_Villages Reprojected form Custom to QND95 Projection
48 LIC_GeodeticStations_QND95 Points Feature Class FGDB 7511036\GIS\Data\Location\Location.gdb Location 26-Feb-15 LIC LIC_Geodetic_Stations Reprojected form Custom to QND95 Projection
49 LIC_LPLN_BlockArea_QND95 Polygon Feature Class FGDB 7511036\GIS\Data\PlanningCadastre\PlanningCadastre.gdb PlanningCadastre 26-Feb-15 LIC LIC_LPLN_BlockArea Removed from Dataset Oct 2015 as not in updated MMUP Dataset
Reprojected form Custom to QND95 Projection
50 LIC_LPLN_CadastrePlot_QND95 Polygon Feature Class FGDB 7511036\GIS\Data\PlanningCadastre\PlanningCadastre.gdb PlanningCadastre 26-Feb-15 LIC LIC_LPLN_CadastrePlot Reprojected form Custom to QND95 Projection
51 LIC_LPLN_CityArea_QND95 Polygon Feature Class FGDB 7511036\GIS\Data\PlanningCadastre\PlanningCadastre.gdb PlanningCadastre 26-Feb-15 LIC LIC_LPLN_CityArea Removed from Dataset Oct 2015 as not in updated MMUP Dataset
Reprojected form Custom to QND95 Projection
52 LPLN_DistrictArea Polygon Feature Class FGDB 7511036\GIS\Data\PlanningCadastre\PlanningCadastre.gdb PlanningCadastre 26-Feb-15 16-Oct-15 LIC LIC_LPLN_DistrictArea Reprojected form Custom to QND95 Projection
53 LPLN_MunicipalArea Polygon Feature Class FGDB 7511036\GIS\Data\PlanningCadastre\PlanningCadastre.gdb PlanningCadastre 26-Feb-15 16-Oct-15 LIC LIC_LPLN_MunicipalArea Reprojected form Custom to QND95 Projection
54 LPLN_PolicyPlanPlot Polygon Feature Class FGDB 7511036\GIS\Data\PlanningCadastre\PlanningCadastre.gdb PlanningCadastre 26-Feb-15 16-Oct-15 LIC LIC_LPLN_PolicyPlanPlot Reprojected form Custom to QND95 Projection
55 LIC_LPLN_PolicyPlanRoW_QND95 Polygon Feature Class FGDB 7511036\GIS\Data\PlanningCadastre\PlanningCadastre.gdb PlanningCadastre 26-Feb-15 LIC LIC_LPLN_PolicyPlanRoW Reprojected form Custom to QND95 Projection
56 LPLN_ZoneArea Polygon Feature Class FGDB 7511036\GIS\Data\PlanningCadastre\PlanningCadastre.gdb PlanningCadastre 26-Feb-15 16-Oct-15 LIC LIC_LPLN_ZoneArea Reprojected form Custom to QND95 Projection
57 Wadi_QND95 Lines Feature Class FGDB 7511036\GIS\Data\Environmental\Environmental.gdb Environment 26-Feb-15 LIC LIC_Miscneus.LIC_MISC_WadiLine Reprojected form Custom to QND95 Projection
58 QatarRail_Alignment_Proposed Lines Feature Class FGDB 7511036\GIS\Data\Transportation\Transportation.gdb Transportation 26-Feb-15 MMUP QR_Alignment_LD_v1_20140901
59 QatarRail_Alignment_Metro_Proposed Lines Feature Class FGDB 7511036\GIS\Data\Transportation\Transportation.gdb Transportation 26-Feb-15 MMUP QR_Alignment_Metro_v2_20140901
60 Urban_RoadDesign Lines Feature Class FGDB 7511036\GIS\Data\Transportation\Transportation.gdb Transportation 26-Feb-15 16-Oct-15 MMUP TOPO_TRANSPORTATION_Line
61 National_RoadParcels Polygon Feature Class FGDB 7511036\GIS\Data\Transportation\Transportation.gdb Transportation 26-Feb-15 16-Oct-15 MMUP TOPO_TRANSPORTATION_Polygon
62 Qatar_MajorRoads Lines Feature Class FGDB 7511036\GIS\Data\Transportation\Transportation.gdb Transportation 26-Feb-15 16-Oct-15 MMUP Road_FlowLines_majroads
63 Qatar_Road_Names Lines Feature Class FGDB 7511036\GIS\Data\Transportation\Transportation.gdb Transportation 26-Feb-15 16-Oct-15 MMUP Road_FlowLines_majroads
64 Qatar_National_Imagery_0_6m_2010.jp2 60cm Res Raster JPEG2000 7511036\GIS\Data\ImageryBaseMaps Satellite Imagery 23-Feb-15 MMUP Mosaiced and Format converted from MMUP supplied Imagery
65 Qatar_National_Imagery_10m_2013.jp2 10m Res Raster JPEG2000 7511036\GIS\Data\ImageryBaseMaps Satellite Imagery 23-Feb-15 MMUP Mosaiced and Format converted from MMUP supplied Imagery
66 Doha_WestBay_10cm_2005.jp2 10cm Res Raster JPEG2000 7511036\GIS\Data\ImageryBaseMaps Satellite Imagery 23-Feb-15 MMUP Mosaiced and Format converted from MMUP supplied Imagery
67 Transport_Structures Points Feature Class FGDB 7511036\GIS\Data\Transportation\Transportation.gdb Transportation 9-Mar-15 16-Oct-15 MMUP TOPO_TRANSPORTATION_Point Contains Culverts as an attributed feature type.
68 QatarGeoNames Points Feature Class FGDB 7511036\GIS\Data\Location\Location.gdb Utilities 16-Oct-15 MMUP TOPO_QatarGeoNames
69 QatarLandmark Points Feature Class FGDB 7511036\GIS\Data\Location\Location.gdb Utilities 16-Oct-15 MMUP TOPO_QatarLandmark
70 SurfaceGndWater_PumpStation Points Feature Class FGDB 7511036\GIS\Data\Utilities\Utilities.gdb Utilities 16-Oct-15 MMUP DRAIN.SGW.Network.sgndpstn
71 SurfaceGndWater_Tanks Points Feature Class FGDB 7511036\GIS\Data\Utilities\Utilities.gdb Utilities 16-Oct-15 MMUP DRAIN.SGW.Network.sgndtank
72 SurfaceGndWater_Gully Points Feature Class FGDB 7511036\GIS\Data\Utilities\Utilities.gdb Utilities 16-Oct-15 MMUP DRAIN.SGW.Network.sgndgull
73 SurfaceGndWater_GullyConnectionStubPipe
Lines Feature Class FGDB 7511036\GIS\Data\Utilities\Utilities.gdb Utilities 16-Oct-15 MMUP DRAIN.SGW.Network.sglngcst
74 SurfaceGndWater_MicoTunelSewer Lines Feature Class FGDB 7511036\GIS\Data\Utilities\Utilities.gdb Utilities 16-Oct-15 MMUP DRAIN.SGW.Network.sglnmtsw
75 SurfaceGndWater_DrainPipe Lines Feature Class FGDB 7511036\GIS\Data\Utilities\Utilities.gdb Utilities 16-Oct-15 MMUP DRAIN.SGW.Network.sglnswcb
76 TreatedEffluent_StubLine Lines Feature Class FGDB 7511036\GIS\Data\Utilities\Utilities.gdb Utilities 16-Oct-15 MMUP Drain.Teated.Effluent.telnstub
77 CensusBlock2010 Polygon Feature Class FGDB 7511036\GIS\Data\Society\QSA_Census_Geography2010.gdb Society 16-Oct-15 MMUP QSA.Census.Geography2010.CensusBlock2010
Is missing populations coloumns will need to request from MMUP as seeprate table if required
78 Ashgal_2060_GSW_Network Lines Feature Class FGDB 7511036\GIS\Data\Utilities\Utilities.gdb Utilities 16-Oct-15 Ashgal Shapefiles
79 Ashgal_GSW_Rising_mains Lines Feature Class FGDB 7511036\GIS\Data\Utilities\Utilities.gdb Utilities 16-Oct-15 Ashgal Shapefiles
80 Ashgal_Outfalls_and_Wetlands Lines Feature Class FGDB 7511036\GIS\Data\Utilities\Utilities.gdb Utilities 16-Oct-15 Ashgal Shapefiles
81 Ashgal_Wetlands Polygon Feature Class FGDB 7511036\GIS\Data\Utilities\Utilities.gdb Utilities 16-Oct-15 Ashgal Shapefiles
82 QNMP_Khor_Wakra_ProposedZoning Polygon Feature Class FGDB 7511036\GIS\Data\PlanningCadastre\PlanningCadastre.gdb PlanningCadastre 16-Oct-15 MMUP Shapefiles
83 QNMP_Zoning Polygon Feature Class FGDB 7511036\GIS\Data\PlanningCadastre\PlanningCadastre.gdb PlanningCadastre 16-Oct-15 MMUP Shapefiles
84 ELEC_Distribution_LVOverheadLine Lines Feature Class FGDB 7511036\GIS\Data\Utilities\Utilities.gdb Utilities 16-Oct-15 MMUP ELEC.Distribution.LVOverheadLine
85 ELEC_Distribution_LVUnderGroundCable Lines Feature Class FGDB 7511036\GIS\Data\Utilities\Utilities.gdb Utilities 16-Oct-15 MMUP ELEC.Distribution.LVUnderGroundCable
86 ELEC_Distribution_MVOverheadLine Lines Feature Class FGDB 7511036\GIS\Data\Utilities\Utilities.gdb Utilities 16-Oct-15 MMUP ELEC.Distribution.MVOverheadLine
87 ELEC_Distribution_MVUnderGroundCable
Lines Feature Class FGDB 7511036\GIS\Data\Utilities\Utilities.gdb Utilities 16-Oct-15 MMUP ELEC.Distribution.MVUnderGroundCable
88 ELEC_Distribution_Substation Polygon Feature Class FGDB 7511036\GIS\Data\Utilities\Utilities.gdb Utilities 16-Oct-15 MMUP ELEC.Distribution.Substation
89 ELEC_Transmission_OverHeadLine Lines Feature Class FGDB 7511036\GIS\Data\Utilities\Utilities.gdb Utilities 16-Oct-15 MMUP ELEC.Transmission.OverHeadLine
57Climate Change Strategy | Data Collection and Data Assessment
GHD Derived Data
Ser GHD Name Geometry Type Format LocationGHD Data Type
Date Created
Updated Origin Origin Layer Name Description Comments
90 ELEC_Transmission_UGCable Lines Feature Class FGDB 7511036\GIS\Data\Utilities\Utilities.gdb Utilities 16-Oct-15 MMUP ELEC.Transmission.UGCable
91 ELEC_Transmission_SubStation Polygon Feature Class FGDB 7511036\GIS\Data\Utilities\Utilities.gdb Utilities 16-Oct-15 MMUP ELEC.Transmission.SubStation
92 TeleCommunication_Equipment Points Feature Class FGDB 7511036\GIS\Data\Utilities\Utilities.gdb Utilities 16-Oct-15 MMUP QTEL.Equipment
93 TeleCommunication_Structure Points Feature Class FGDB 7511036\GIS\Data\Utilities\Utilities.gdb Utilities 16-Oct-15 MMUP QTEL.Structure
94 TeleCommunication_Span Lines Feature Class FGDB 7511036\GIS\Data\Utilities\Utilities.gdb Utilities 16-Oct-15 MMUP QTEL.Span
95 Wadis_Combined Polygon Feature Class FGDB 7511036\GIS\Data\Environmental\Environmental.gdb Environment 3-Nov-15 GHD "Derived from; F:\7511036\20140922 GIS Data Extraction From MMUP Systems\COWI.gdb\COWI_LANDSCAP_POLYGON, F:\7511036\20140922 GIS Data Extraction From MMUP Systems\TOPO_LANDSCAPE.gdb\TOPO_LANDSCAPE_Polygon"
96 Qatar_Rural_Imagery_0_5m_2015 50cm Res Raster JPEG2000 7511036\GIS\Data\ImageryBaseMaps Satellite Imagery 3-Nov-15 GHD Mosaiced and Format converted from MMUP supplied Imagery
97 Qatar_Urban_Imagery_0_3m_2015 30cm Res Raster JPEG2000 7511036\GIS\Data\ImageryBaseMaps Satellite Imagery 3-Nov-15 GHD Mosaiced and Format converted from MMUP supplied Imagery
98 Landuse Polygon Feature Class FGDB 7511036\GIS\Data\PlanningCadastre\PlanningCadastre.gdb PlanningCadastre 16-Oct-15 MMUP LIC_Zoning.Landuse
99 Combined_Breaklines Lines Feature Class FGDB 7511036\GIS\Data\Elevation\20151019_Integrated_Terrain\COWI_Integrated_Terrain.gdb\Combined_Terrain
Elevation 16-Oct-15 GHD COWI.BREAKLINE_10K_ARC, COWI.BREAKLINE_01K_ARC
100 Combined_MassPoints Points Feature Class FGDB 7511036\GIS\Data\Elevation\20151019_Integrated_Terrain\COWI_Integrated_Terrain.gdb\Combined_Terrain
Elevation 16-Oct-15 GHD COWI.DEM_10K_POINT, COWI.DEM_01K_POINT
101 Combined_Terrain Terrain Terrain FGDB 7511036\GIS\Data\Elevation\20151019_Integrated_Terrain\COWI_Integrated_Terrain.gdb\Combined_Terrain
Elevation 16-Oct-15 GHD Combined_MassPoints, National_AOI
102 COWI_DEM_100m_GRID_Extents_Urban_Erased
Polygon Feature Class FGDB 7511036\GIS\Data\Elevation\20151019_Integrated_Terrain\COWI_Integrated_Terrain.gdb\Combined_Terrain
Elevation 16-Oct-15 GHD Derived by Erasing COWI_DEM_10m_Extents_ClippedtoNationalAOI_20160201 from National_AOI
z COWI_DEM_10m_Extents_ClippedtoNationalAOI_20160201
Polygon Feature Class FGDB 7511036\GIS\Data\Elevation\20151019_Integrated_Terrain\COWI_Integrated_Terrain.gdb\Combined_Terrain
Elevation 16-Oct-15 GHD COWI.DEM_01K_POINT Derived by Agrregating Polygons around Urban Mass Points from COWI
104 National_AOI Polygon Feature Class FGDB 7511036\GIS\Data\Elevation\20151019_Integrated_Terrain\COWI_Integrated_Terrain.gdb\Combined_Terrain
Elevation 16-Oct-15 MMUP TOPO.Coast_Polygon
105 Combined_DEM_10m 10m Grid Raster FGDB 7511036\GIS\Data\Elevation\20151019_Integrated_Terrain\COWI_Integrated_Terrain.gdb
Elevation 16-Oct-15 GHD Combined_Terrain Raster Converted / Exported From Terrain at 10m Resoution
106 Combined_DEM_2m 2m Grid Raster FGDB 7511036\GIS\Data\Elevation\20151019_Integrated_Terrain\COWI_Integrated_Terrain.gdb
Elevation 16-Oct-15 GHD Combined_Terrain Raster Converted / Exported From Terrain at 5m Resoution
107 Combined_DEM_5m 5m Grid Raster FGDB 7511036\GIS\Data\Elevation\20151019_Integrated_Terrain\COWI_Integrated_Terrain.gdb
Elevation 16-Oct-15 GHD Combined_Terrain Raster Converted / Exported From Terrain at 2m Resoution
108 Combined_DEM_50m 50m Grid Raster FGDB 7511036\GIS\Data\Elevation\20151019_Integrated_Terrain\COWI_Integrated_Terrain.gdb
Elevation 16-Oct-15 GHD Combined_Terrain Raster Converted / Exported From Terrain at 50m Resoution
109 COWI_100m_RuralDataset_Test_Points_20160201
Points Feature Class FGDB 7511036\GIS\Data\Elevation\20151019_Integrated_Terrain\COWI_Integrated_Terrain.gdb\Accuracy_asseasement_20160201
Elevation 1-Feb-16 GHD Random Points Generated
110 COWI_100m_RuralDataset_Test_Points_SpotElevation_20160201
Points Feature Class FGDB 7511036\GIS\Data\Elevation\20151019_Integrated_Terrain\COWI_Integrated_Terrain.gdb\Accuracy_asseasement_20160201
Elevation 1-Feb-16 GHD Random Points Generated, COWI.DEM_10K_POINT
111 COWI_10m_UrbanDataset_Test_Points_20160201
Points Feature Class FGDB 7511036\GIS\Data\Elevation\20151019_Integrated_Terrain\COWI_Integrated_Terrain.gdb\Accuracy_asseasement_20160201
Elevation 1-Feb-16 GHD Random Points Generated
112 COWI_10m_UrbanDataset_Test_Points_SpotElevation_20160201
Points Feature Class FGDB 7511036\GIS\Data\Elevation\20151019_Integrated_Terrain\COWI_Integrated_Terrain.gdb\Accuracy_asseasement_20160201
Elevation 1-Feb-16 GHD Random Points Generated, COWI.DEM_01K_POINT
113 Combined_DEM_Slope_10m 10m Grid Raster FGDB 7511036\GIS\Data\Elevation\20151019_Integrated_Terrain\COWI_Integrated_Terrain.gdb
Elevation 15-Feb-16 GHD Slope Surface derived from " Combined_DEM_10m" based on percent rise
114 COWI_100m_RuralDataset_Test_Points_20160201
Points Feature Class FGDB 7511036\GIS\Data\Elevation\20151019_Integrated_Terrain\COWI_Integrated_Terrain.gdb\Accuracy_asseasement_20160201
Elevation 2-Feb-16 GHD Created by GHD by generating Random Points in Rural Elevation Data AOI
115 COWI_10m_UrbanDataset_Test_Points_20160201
Points Feature Class FGDB 7511036\GIS\Data\Elevation\20151019_Integrated_Terrain\COWI_Integrated_Terrain.gdb\Accuracy_asseasement_20160201
Elevation 2-Feb-16 GHD Intersection of Test Points with original COWI point Heights - selecting closest COWI point to Test Point
116 COWI_100m_RuralDataset_Test_Points_SpotElevation_20160201
Points Feature Class FGDB 7511036\GIS\Data\Elevation\20151019_Integrated_Terrain\COWI_Integrated_Terrain.gdb\Accuracy_asseasement_20160201
Elevation 2-Feb-16 GHD Created by GHD by generating Random Points in Urban Elevation Data AOI
117 COWI_10m_UrbanDataset_Test_Points_SpotElevation_20160201
Points Feature Class FGDB 7511036\GIS\Data\Elevation\20151019_Integrated_Terrain\COWI_Integrated_Terrain.gdb\Accuracy_asseasement_20160201
Elevation 2-Feb-16 GHD Intersection of Test Points with original COWI point Heights - selecting closest COWI point to Test Point
118 Qatar_tuflow_model_extents_201600202 Polygon Feature Class FGDB 7511036\GIS\Data\InlandWaters\20160201_Qatar_Catchments\Qatar_Catchments.gdb Inland Waters 2-Feb-16 GHD Cacthments Dervied by GHD Modelling Team using Tu flo
58Climate Change Strategy | Data Collection and Data Assessment
59Climate Change Strategy | Data Collection and Data Assessment
Appendix C: Assessment of Existing Studies, Strategies, Plans and Policy Development InitiativesA summary of the following documents, their aspects relevant to the CCS, and how they could influence the CCS is detailed in the following sub sections.
• International treaties and conventions that Qatar is signatory to:
- Kyoto Protocol to the Framework Convention on Climate Change, 1997 (Signatory in 2005)
- United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (Decree No. 47 of 1996)
- Resolution 70/1 Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development
• Qatar constitution
• Qatar National Master Plan (QNMP)
• Integrated Coastal Zone Management Plan (ICZMP)
• Qatar National Development Strategy (QNDS) 2011-2016
• Qatar National Vision (QNV) 2030
C.1 International Treaties
Qatar is a signatory to a number of international treaties and conventions. These include treaties and conventions which relate to either climate change or land use, which is beneficial in a planning context. These are detailed in Table C-1. Whilst these are broad-scope treaties, they serve as good frameworks for environmental and planning considerations relating to development of a climate change strategy.
Table C-1: International Agreements and Conventions
Environmental Aspect International Agreement / Convention
Climate Change Kyoto Protocol to the Framework Convention on Climate Change, 1997 (Signatory in 2005)
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (Decree No. 47 of 1996)
Sustainable development Resolution 70/1 Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development
In a document dated July 2016 that was presented to the United Nations, the MDPS detailed how Qatar was to address the “Transforming our world: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development” (MDPS, 2016d). The agenda commits to a ‘plan of action for people, planet and prosperity’ (UN General Assembly, 2015). There are 17 development goals, three of which directly relate to climate change and resilience:
• Goal 9: Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive, sustainable industrialisation, and foster innovation
• Goal 11: Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient, and sustainable
• Goal 13: Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts
The MDPS document (MDPS, 2016d) states that these goals will be incorporated in the next version of the Qatar National Development Strategy 2017-2022. Currently it is unknown how this will be achieved as the latest version of the QNDS is in development.
C.1.1. Qatar Constitution
The Qatar constitution (primarily Law 30), could potentially serve as a backbone for implementing specific climate change land use policies by including the following:
• Determination of land use zoning boundaries / environmental coastal sensitive areas, to control developments in areas near the coast, subject to climate change impact. This may serve as mitigation against sea level rise.
• Consideration of environmental aspects and associated mitigation measures in property design to manage the reduction in GHG emissions, the urban heat island effect, and enhance pedestrian amenity.
60Climate Change Strategy | Data Collection and Data Assessment
C.2 Qatar National Vision 2030 (QNV2030)
The four pillars of the QNV2030 (Human Development, Social Development, Economic Development and Environmental Development) will have variable influence CCS as identified in Table C-2.
Table C-2: QNV2030 influence on CCS
Pillar Aspect Influence on CCS
Human Development
A Healthy Population: Physically and Mentally There is no direct influence in the overall vision. Indirectly, however, a physically healthier population would be more inclined to walk and use sustainable (bicycle) or public transport options proposed in the QNMP, thus reducing vehicle trips numbers and length of trips, road maintenance and fuel infrastructure requirements.
Social Development
An increased regional role economically, politically, and culturally, particularly within the framework of the Gulf Cooperation Council the Arab League and the Organization of Islamic Conference
This could provide a basis for the State of Qatar to lead the GCC, the Arab League and the Organization of Islamic Conference to lead the way in encouraging urban planning and land use technologies that can mitigate and/or adapt to climate change.
Economic Development
Suitable economic diversification:
A diversified economy that includes the promotion of a knowledge-based economy that is innovative, entrepreneurial, supported by world-class infrastructure, efficient, transparent, and accountable to government.
Space allocated for other industries and development of infrastructure to encourage expansion of the ‘knowledge economy’.
Environmental Development
A balance between development need and protecting the environment:
A legal system that protects the environment and can respond to new challenges.
Provides a structure that any recommendations for mitigation/adaptation that requires legal enforcement can be placed under.
Environmental institutions that encourage environmentally sound technologies.
This could provide a basis for UPD-MME to be a lead within the state of Qatar for encouraging urban planning and land use technologies that can mitigate and/or adapt to climate change.
Comprehensive urban development plan for Qatar that adopts sustainable policy in managing urban expansion and population distribution.
This requires the UPD-MME to utilise the principles of sustainable development detailed in the QNV2030 within the QNMP, this will include the issues of climate change and global sea level identified within this section.
A proactive and significant regional role in assessing the impact of climate change and mitigating its negative impacts, especially on countries of the Gulf.
Promotes Qatar as a regional lead in climate change mitigation and strategy and highlights importance of the strategy, regionally and locally.
Support for international efforts to mitigate the effects of climate change.
Reinforces the importance of mitigation and that this will be considered at a higher level of government policy.
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C.2.1. Qatar National Development Strategy (QNDS) 2011-2016
Table C-3 shows how the QNDS 2011-2016 will have a direct impact on the CCS for urban planning and development.
Table C-3: QNDS 2011-2016 influence on CCS
Pillar Aspect Influence on CCS
Environmental development
A healthier urban living environment
The incorporation of functional green spaces to make urban space more liveable as well as public health benefits from trees filtering pollution and people exercising more in green spaces.
C.2.2. Qatar National Master Plan (QNMP)
Table C-4 shows how the QNMP and its associated policies and actions will impact the CCS.
Table C-4: Impacts of QNMP on CCS and land use planning
Aspect of QNMP Impact on CCS and urban planning
QNDF: Policy and policy actions
ENV1: This policy and associated actions is concerned with utilising the precautionary principle to ensure environmental impacts are minimised. Policy actions that are relevant to the CCS include:
ENV1-2: Developing and implementing a sustainability assessment tool that will consider a number of aspects including, but not limited to:
• Greenhouse gas emissions
• Water and energy use
• Climate hazards risk, coastal erosion, sea level rise and storm events
The tool will utilise Strategic Environmental Assessments (SEA) and Environmental Impact Assessments (EIA) to understand changes. Guidelines and recommendations will also be available to developers and regulators.
A number of policies and associated actions in the QNMP are likely to promote mitigation or adaptation. This includes the following:
ENV2: States that the QNMP will safeguard human life, infrastructure economic activities and the natural environment.
ENV2, Action 1: Proposes a detailed risk assessment to be undertaken to understand climate change risks to infrastructure, business, the natural environment and coastal flooding.
ENV2, Action 2: Use of adaptation for existing and future challenges. Examples include land use planning mechanisms, development standards, community awareness, business continuity and disaster management.
ENV2, Action 3: Development of a national GHG emission reporting system
ENV2, Action 4: Preparation and implementation of a strategy to reduce GHG emissions from land use changes incorporating targets and indicators.
ENV4 Action 3: Applications for Development in designated Coastal Zone Protection Areas or areas subject to erosion, inundation, storm surge and sea level rise, will not be permitted.
Municipality Spatial Development Plans
Defines the land use for each of the seven municipalities. It shows where development will occur and where it will be restricted. This may impact the flood study through the following:
• Show degradation of natural flood defences (e.g. wadis and rawdah)
• Show areas for utilities
• Show any additional coastal areas to be developed
• Understand potential increase in run off from increased area being developed.
Centre plans Defines the land use, zoning and spatial strategy at a local level. This may impact flooding through a detailed level on information on:
Show degradation of natural flood defences (e.g. wadis and rawdah)
• Show areas for utilities
• Show any additional coastal areas to be developed
• Understand potential increase in run off from increased area being developed
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C.2.3. Integrated Coastal Zone Management Plan (ICZMP)
Climate Change and Sea Level Study
The Climate Change and Sea Level Study identifies which areas will be impacted in 2040 and 2100 as well as providing mitigation and adaptation measures for each area impacted. Whilst the ICZMP has utilised a copious amount data, as detailed in Annex I of the document, the main aspects GHD will consider, include the impacts and risk findings associated with the study, detailed in Annex III of the ICZMP. The adaptation measures proposed in the ICZMP will be considered and incorporated into the CCS, where appropriate. These include:
• Functional and healthy coastal ecosystems: Wetland restoration and protection; marine conservation agreements and protection areas; and payment for environmental services.
• Exposure reduction of coastal system: Beach nourishment, living shorelines, seawalls, sea dikes, coastal setbacks, and flood-proofing.
The remaining adaptation measure proposed is ‘flood mapping’ which is currently being undertaken by the Infrastructure Planning Department (IPD) in the MME.
Sea level rise for 2100 has been limited to the central prediction for both RCP4.5 and RCP8.5. GHD propose to utilise the precautionary 95% limit which will consider the impact of an additional 0.2 m by 2100 across Qatar.
Ecological Assessment Report
The Ecological Assessment report is relevant to the CCS as it identified which key habitats and key species in Qatar will be impacted by climate change and sea level rise. For example, climate change impacts on prey have been identified as a potential threat to three turtle species present in Qatari waters.
Additionally, preservation and conservation measures for mangroves, seagrass, coral reefs, dugongs and sea turtles were identified and recommended in the report.
GHD will consider the impacts and risk findings associated with the study and utilize the adaption measures proposed where possible and appropriate. One example includes the target action proposed for the protection of mangroves as part of the Mangrove Conservation Strategy (Section 10.2.1, Table 12) which states “Define the flood pathways to the mangrove stands (especially outlet of the wadis) as part of the protected area and prohibit any type of development effecting flood pathways to the sea.”
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Appendix D: Data Assessment SummaryThe summary of the assessment of each data category as identified in Section 3.3 is provided below. The data assessment below and conclusions drawn and trends observed from the collected data will feed into and inform the CCS that will be developed in Stage 4 of the Project.
D.1 GHG
According to the United Nations Climate Change Secretariat (UNFCC, 2015), Qatar had the highest per-person CO2 emissions in the world in 2014 (Figure D-1). The World Resources Institute put Qatar as emitting 85.25 million tonnes CO2 equivalent (MtCO2e) of greenhouse gas emissions in 2012, of which 93% was carbon dioxide, 5% was methane, and the rest was nitrous oxide and fluorinated gases (World Resources Institute, 2014). The UN reported higher emissions (106.02 MtCO2eq) in 2010 (World Resources Institute, 2014).
Figure D-1: GHG emissions in Qatar (UNFCC, 2015)
Between 1990 and 2012, greenhouse gas emissions in Qatar (CO2 eq) increased more than four-fold, with N2O increasing almost ten-fold, and fluorinated gases increasing 34-fold (UNFCC, 2015). Fluorinated gases, which are associated with air conditioning and refrigeration, are a particular concern, as they have very high global warming potential compared to other greenhouse gases (Table D-1). While fluorinated gases are being phased out in European and other countries in response to the Montreal Protocol, the utilization of fluorinated gases in Qatar appears to be increasing (Figure D-2).
Table D-1: Greenhouse gas warming potential
Greenhouse gas Global warming potential (ref. is CO2)
Carbon dioxide (CO2) 1
Methane (CH4) 28 – 36
Nitrous oxide (N2O) 265 – 298
Fluorinated gases (CFC, HFC, HCFC, PFC, SF6) 1,000 – 100,000
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Figure D-2: Utilization of fluorinated gases in Qatar (MDPS, 2014)
Broadly Qatar’s energy sector accounts for 95% of emissions, industrial processes for 3% of emissions, agriculture for 1% of emissions, and waste for 1% of emissions. This is roughly the same as for UAE, Kuwait and Oman. In the late 2000’s, of the greenhouse gases generated by the energy sector, 46% were for electricity and heat production, 24% for manufacturing and construction, 13% for transportation, 3% were other fuel combustion, and 13% were fugitive emissions. This combined data is shown in Figure D-3.
The increase in carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere – primarily from the burning of fossil fuels and land use change – is increasing global temperatures at a rate never before seen in human history. (IPCC, 2013).
Greenhouse gas emissions by the energy industry and transport has risen about six-fold in the last 20 years, with emissions generated by the manufacturing and construction industry rising more slowly (UNFCC, 2015).
Figure D-3: Qatar’s sources of greenhouse gas emissions (Source: World Resources Institute, 2014 and Meltzer and Hultman, 2014)
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D.1.1. Land Use
Land use is significant in the urban planning context. Land use layers will allow for the identification of residential areas more sensitive to coastal flooding compared to open spaces or green belt areas. Climate change adaptation measures will primarily be influenced by land use.
The majority of Qatar’s population in 2015 resided in Doha and Al Rayyan; 50% and 28% respectively. Approximately half the population (49%) resided in apartments, one third (34%) residing in villas/palaces and the remainder residing in a range of housing types which include villas, separate rooms, and parts of units (Figure D-4). In the 2015 census, it was recorded that 60% of the population lived in labour camps, with a labour camp defined as “any dwelling occupied by seven or more individuals who don’t fit the traditional definitions of a household, which are more cohesive and have family-like characteristics such as sharing food” (MDPS, 2016c; Doha News, 2016a).
Figure D-4: Population by place of residence in 2015 (MDPS. 2015a)
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Table D-2 tabulates land use statistics for May 2016. Al Rayyan appears to have the most development (approximately 30%) with 199 building permissions being granted in May 2016. However, from satellite imagery (Figure D-5), it can be observed that the land appears to be inefficiently utilized as it is characterized by urban sprawl.
Table D-2: Land use statistics (May 2016)
Municipality Population 2 Area (km2) 2 Buildings 3 Density per km2 in 2015 2
Completed 1 Under construction 1
Permitted in May 2016 1, 4
Doha 956,457 220 53,385 3,193 187 4,353
Al Rayyan 605,712 2,450 61,103 6,725 199 247
Al Wakra 299,037 2,578 16,780 1,969 89 116
Umm Slal 90,835 318 9,132 1,973 94 285
Al Khor 202,031 1,602 10,357 777 9 126
Al Shamal 8,794 860 1,835 237 38 10
Al Daayan 54,339 290 6,684 2,203 43 187
Al Shahniya 187,571 3,309 7,567 758 0 57
Qatar 2,404,776 11,627 166,843 17,835 659 206.8
1. Qatar Monthly Statistics June 2016 (QIX, 2014-16)
2. Qatar in Figures 2015 (MDPS)
3. In addition, 2,108 buildings were under maintenance, and 2,023 were under demolition
4. Between 4,256+ and 5,260 building permits were given annually 2011 – 2013. This is broadly consistent with an increasing trend towards 659/month (approx. 7,900/yr) in 2016
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Major developments are underway across Qatar. Notable developments include Downtown Doha and Lusail City, being located in Doha and Al Dayeen municipality respectively. Doha is currently under an ‘urban renewal’ phase with new buildings and towers being constructed around the city. Major roadways, such as the Lusail expressway, are being planned to improve interconnectivity. With the implementation of the QNMP, the Municipal level plans and other land use plans are due to be incorporated into the country’s planning structure. However, the design population for the QNMP for 2018 has already been exceeded.
D.1.2. Housing and Built Form
The key aspects of housing that should be considered in relation to climate change are:
• The number and location of homes
- Influences vulnerability to climate change
- If more people live in a flood prone area, then a given flood will lead to greater harm to health and property than if fewer people live in that area.
• The types of housing
- Affects the amount of resources required.
- Traditional construction styles typically require more energy for cooling than more modern designs.
- Influences vulnerability to climate change
- People living in a single story home are more vulnerable to the effects of sporadic flooding than people living in multi-storey housing. People living in poorer quality housing are also more vulnerable to high winds and earth tremors.
A summary of completed housing projects in 2012 is shown in Figure D-6. With the exception of Doha municipality, residential buildings comprised 95% or more of building completions in 2012. In comparison, residential buildings only comprised of 46% of building completions in Doha. Villas comprise the greatest proportion of building completions in all parts of Qatar. Al Rayyan saw the largest number of total building completions in 2012, nearly 44% of the total.
Figure D-6: Completed building by municipality and type of building, 2012 (QSA, 2012)
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In 2010, the majority of residential buildings in Qatar were connected to electricity (97.3%) and water (93.2%). Given that most of the new development since 2010 has been in urban areas, where electricity and water connections are available, this proportion has the potential to be even greater now.
Census statistics from 2015 published by the Ministry of Development Planning and Statistics (MDPS) show that 60% of Qatar’s population resides in labour camps (high density shared housing). There is currently no information about the future plans for the labour camps once the construction boom slows.
With the implementation of the QNMP, the Municipal level plans and other land use plans are due to be incorporated into the country’s planning structure. However, the design population for the QNMP for 2018 has already been exceeded so levels of housing may not be sufficient in the QNMP related plans. Additionally, there is no information about the future plans for the labour camps once the construction boom slows.
D.1.3. Industrial/Economy
Economic growth is traditionally associated with greater greenhouse gas emissions. Nearly half (48%) of Qatar’s gross output in 2012 was from oil and gas extraction (QSA, 2012). Additionally, oil and gas extraction accounted for 57% of Qatar’s added value. Oil and gas are key generators of greenhouse gases, but are beyond the remit of this report. However, the other economic sectors are related to and affected by urban planning. Notably, this includes the large sectors of manufacturing, construction, retail, transport, financial intermediation, real estate, and government services.
Between 2001 and 2012, the number of large companies with over 50 employees grew from 132 to 901, employing a total of 448,380 people in 2012. The number of small companies with less than 50 employees grew from 520 to 1,435, employing a total of 30,608 people in 2012 (QSA, 2012). Large companies generally have more resources to implement measures to save energy, use renewable energy, and adapt to climate change.
Qatar Economic Outlook 2016 – 2018 (MSDP, 2016b) suggests that real economic growth will be between 3% and 4% per year for the next few years. A fall in construction, a nearly steady state in oil and gas extraction, and a significant increase in agriculture, manufacturing, services, and electricity and water production is expected. Figure D-7 summarises the report’s findings.
Figure D-7: Sectoral growth in the economy in constant 2013 prices (%) (MDPS, 2016b)
Qatar has been actively diversifying into other sectors, notably media, the aviation industry, conferences/events, tourism, sports, real estate, education, and healthcare (MDPS, 2016b). Economic diversification is a key element of Qatar’s ‘Intended Nationally Determined Contributions Report to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change’ (MoE, 2015).
This diversification into a knowledge-based economy is expected to have an impact on the emissions of greenhouse gases generated by Qatar’s traditional oil and gas based economy.
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D.1.4. Transport
The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) states that the transport sector is the second most energy-intensive sector in Qatar, accounting for almost 20% of final energy consumption (UNEP, 2015). As such, transport is a major generator of greenhouse gases.
Xiang et al. (2015) describe Qatar’s transport system as follows:
“Qatar has a long standing car-based culture. The private vehicles are often seen as the only and most desirable travel option. Public transport in Doha today can be characterized by minimum regulation, scarcity in supply, buses mixed in general traffic and infrastructure facilities yet to be developed. Almost all motorized passenger trips in Doha are made by private vehicles and the transit mode share by underutilized buses is negligible less than 1%. There are virtually no transit accessibilities to jobs and services such as West By, shopping malls, education facilities and health centres in Doha…
The repercussion of the car-based culture is keenly felt and widespread in the society, including:
• Traffic congestion and delays;
• Rising road accidents;
• Environmental deterioration; and
• Severe air pollutions.” (Xiang et al, 2015)
Petrol prices are very low, at about $0.27 per litre in 2015 rising to $0.36 per litre in 2016 (May). This comparatively low cost of petrol does not direct people away from the car based culture and encourages the use of the public transportation in place (public bus service).
The public transport system in place is dominated by the public bus system. The buses are predominantly run within Doha, with routes to other towns and cities in Qatar, as well as frequent dedicated routes to the Industrial Area and West Bay. The rail system is expected to be first operational in 2020.
Average commuter distance figures (published online) range from 13.38 km to 17.44 km (Nationmaster (2016) and Numbeo (2016)). However, the reliability of this data is unknown.
As of data available from 2007, Qatar’s vehicles per 1000 people equalled 514 with a global rank of 34 compared to its neighbour, the UAE’s vehicles per 1000 people equalled 253 with a global rank of 60 (Worldbank Development Indicators).
The population of the UAE is 9.16 million, making it the 32nd most populous country in the world. Qatar, on the other hand, has a population of 2.24 million people making it the 56th most populous country in the world. Yet, with a quarter of the population of the UAE, it has twice the number of cars per 1000 people (The World Bank, 2016c).
The car market in Qatar is expected to grow by up to 13% from 2015 levels to 2020, with growth driven by the growth of the construction industry (UNEP, 2015).
The Doha Metro is currently under construction with operation intended to commence in 2020 (QRail, 2016). This could potentially reduce the car market growth rate and eventually reduce the dependence on cars.
There have been reports of a long distance rail network connecting Qatar with the UAE and Saudi Arabia, however, this Project is currently on hold. If this Project does materialize, it could potentially reduce greenhouse gas emissions by making travel more efficient by reducing the instances of air travel.
D.1.5. Infrastructure
Waste
The decomposition of waste generates methane, which is a powerful greenhouse gas. Waste can be used to produce energy, and thus can essentially act as a ‘renewable energy’ source.
Qatar had one of the highest per capita waste generation in the world at about 1.51.8 kg/person/day (EcoMENA, 2015). Figure D-8 shows that the great majority of this was construction waste, but between 2008 and 2012 domestic waste increased by 17%, and tire waste nearly doubled (MDPS, 2014).
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Figure D-8: Waste generation in Qatar by source (MDPS, 2014)
A domestic waste management plant at Mesaieed became operational in 2011, and reached its full capacity of 2,300 tons/day within a few years. Waste recycling increased from 23,685 tons in 2006 to 26,319.6 tons in 2008. However, it still amounted to less than 1% of the total waste generated in 2008.
The QNDS 2011-2016 has aimed to increase recycling up to 38% and to reduce landfill waste to 64% (Hukoomi, 2016a). The extent of these goals being met is not yet know. With the lack of a recycling system currently in place for domestic waste, it is expected this number will be met from recycling construction waste.
Solid waste generation is predicted to reach 19,000 tons/day in 2032, with an annual growth rate of roughly 4.2% (EcoMENA, 2015a).
Initial proposals for a new waste management centre have been in place. However, the current status of this Project is unknown. If this Project were to be completed it would reduce the amount of waste going to landfill. New waste reduction goals are expected to be published with the new QNDS 2017-2022.
Water
Desalination and transport (pumping) of water is one of Qatar’s great ‘invisible’ sources of greenhouse gas emissions. The permanent population committee (PPC) has published that more than half (54%) of Qatar’s water requirement is met though desalination.
Qatar’s co-located water and power plants are more efficient than a desalination plant alone would be, as they allow excess heat to be recycled into the desalination process. However, this works best when water and electricity demand are on par with one another (WaterWorld, 2015).
A summary of the process is provided below:
“Most desalination facilities in Qatar use waste multi-stage flash distillation although reverse osmosis is also used. Regardless of the technique, roughly 5 kWh of electricity is needed for each cubic meter of fresh water produced….
Water storage is less than a week and may be as little as two days, thus leaving the country vulnerable to a supply disruption. The water distribution system has high losses given the high value of the lost water. Estimates of distribution losses range from as high as 59% to 20%... For comparison, Singapore’s water distribution losses are estimated to be less than 5%” (Meier et al. 2013).
Meier et al. (2013) suggest that water consumption is an ‘invisible’ domestic electricity user, one which government figures put under industrial use:
“Water consumption represents one of the largest – though indirect – end uses of energy in Qatari buildings. Desalination adds at least one kWh for every 200 litres of water consumed. A Qatari home using 2000 litres per day of water requires over 3000 kWh/hear at the desalination plant” (Meier et al. 2013).
Qatar’s production of desalinated water more than doubled between 2007 and 2016. The Ras Abu Fontas 3 desalination plant, whose construction began in late 2015, will be the largest reverse osmosis plant in Qatar. It is expected to have a capacity of 164,000 m3 per day and supply 1 million inhabitants (Acciona, 2016).
‘Water Statistics in the State of Qatar (2013)’ published by the Ministry of Development Planning and Statistics highlights the
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increase in the amount of reused treated sewage effluent (TSE). Figure D-9 shows the increase in water production (in response to the growing population) and the increase in the amount of TSE produced and reused over the last few years.
TSE is primarily used in agriculture (36%) and for the irrigation of green spaces (16%) as per the Urban Wastewater and Groundwater Drainage (2006-2013) figures. However, approximately a quarter (23%) of the TSE produced in 2013, was reinjected in aquifers. This follows the several ongoing projects in Qatar that are trying to artificially increase the water recharge into aquifers.
The artificial recharge of groundwater aquifers by TSE injection, recharge wells and recharge from irrigation have become the dominating source for the national groundwater stocks. The MDPS published data indicates 59% of annual addition to groundwater stocks are by artificial recharge, 39% are recharge from rainfall and 1% is inflow from Saudi Arabia.
Figure D-9: Water Production and re-use from 1990 – 2012 (Source: MDPS, 2016a)
At about 600 litres/day, per person water use in Qatar is “amongst the highest in the world” (Luomi 2011, citing 675 litres/day in 2009). Non-Qataris use much less water than Qatari nationals: 82 m3/year in 2015, compared to nations’ use of 600.5 m3/year (The Peninsula, 29 February 2016).
There is an ongoing national campaign being undertaken by the Qatar Electricity and Water Company (QEWC) titled ‘Tarsheed’ launched in 2012, which aims to reduce electricity consumption by 20% and water consumption by 35% over five years. As of April 2016, Tarsheed has helped reduce per capita electricity and water consumption by 14% and 17% respectively (The Peninsula, 25 April 216).
QEWC expects water demand to be 2.1 million m3 per day by 2020, this is approximately double the water demand of 1.1 million m3 per day in 2011.
Although, there are signs of per capita water use reducing in Qatar, the population continues to steadily increase. As such, water use is expected to increase even with water conservation drives underway. With the abundance of natural gas, which translates to cheap energy, Qatar is expected to continue to rely heavily on desalinated water.
A study of treated sewage effluent (TSE) demand and supply of 2008 suggested that TSE demand from large new development in Doha will continue to increase sharply, but that this will be more than matched by TSE availability.
QEWC has stated that awareness drives will be held to educate citizens and expatriates to play active roles in water conservation. This is expected to bridge the significant gap observed between Qatari and non-Qatari water use.
Electricity use
Figure D-10 provides a rough breakdown of Qatar’s energy production and consumption (data compiled in 2007). Meier et al. (2013) claim that, although all the numbers were higher in 2013, the broad breakdown is still correct. Figure D-10 shows that:
• The great majority of the energy produced in Qatar is exported
• The great majority of the remaining energy is used for industrial uses, including desalination.
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Domestic
Domestic
Exports 1600
Exports 1800
Natural Gas 2300
Oil 2100
Electricity 180
Imports
Residential 18
Commercial 11
Industrial 500
Non-Energy 180
Transportation 120
14
11
22
Figure D-10: Qatar energy flows (2007) (Meier et al, 2013)
In 2006, according to QP, the oil and gas industry, flaring, and petrochemical sector together consumed 69% of total energy usage (Luomi, 2012). For the rest of this report, we will focus on electricity use and transport, which can be affected through urban planning and development.
Overall electricity use
With the exception of transport (petrol) and some cooking (LNG), Qatar operates almost entirely on natural gas. Qatar’s increasing population and industrial output, combined with its increasing per capita electricity and water use has led to a very rapid rise in electricity consumption (CIA World Fact Book, Qatar in Figures). Government reporting has changed over time but suggest that electricity use doubled between 2000 and 2006, doubled again between 2006 and 2013, and continues to rise apace.
Based on KAHRAMAA figures, the Gulf Times noted a rapid rise of electricity use between 2013 and 2014 (Gulf Times ,9 October 2015). The amount of installed energy capacity has risen even faster, from 2,594.5 MW in 2007 to 8,786 MW in 2012 (QSA, 2012). The amount of installed energy capacity is expected to increase with the projected increasing population.
Industrial energy use
Meier et al. (2013) cite construction as being an ‘invisible’ user of energy. The ‘megaprojects’ under construction
“require large amounts of concrete, steel, electricity, fuel, water, and other materials. Equally important, these projects require a large labour force, which is also responsible for considerable indirect energy consumption for housing and transportation… The present distribution of energy use is unlikely to persist after these projects are completed and construction rates decline. However, the new occupants of the residential complexes are likely to use much more energy and water than the labourers that constructed them, so the net impact are not clear”.
In 2007, natural gas flaring represented 12% of Qatar’s total carbon emissions (Luomi, 2012). Qatar is working to reduce this, for instance, by injecting the gas back into pipelines, using it for generating electricity or supplying it to local industries. Eliminating flaring represents Qatar’s single largest energy-saving measure and is included in the QNDS 2011-2016 and QNV2030 (Meier et al, 2013).
Electricity use in buildings
About 70-80 % of electricity use in buildings goes towards air conditioning. Commercial buildings’ air conditioners are commonly on all the time, and the same holds true for many residences (Meier et al. 2013). Some of the larger, new developments, as well as central business districts, are served with district cooling systems. District cooling entails producing chilled water at a central cooling plant, and distributing it through a network of underground insulated pipes, to be used for air conditioning. District cooling allows for economies of scale as it uses one large plant to replace multiple individual chiller units (Qatar Cool, 2016). It can be concluded that air conditioning is a priority emission source.
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Domestic electricity use
Per capita electricity use has risen more slowly than overall use but, as shown in Table D-3 and Figure D-11, it has continued to rise after a small reduction in 2007-2009. Most recent figures show it standing at about 16,000 kWh per person per year, amongst the highest in the world if not the highest.
Table D-3: Domestic electricity use
Year Domestic electricity use (GwH) 1 Electricity use per capita (kwh) 2
2006 N/A 13,900
2007 N/A 13,500
2008 N/A 12,000
2009 N/A 12,500
2010 N/A 14,200
2011 N/A 14,500
2012 20,387.0 16,434
2013 20,121.0 14,700
2014 22,216.0 16,160
May-2014 3,659.8 N/A
May-2015 3,976.6 N/A
May-2016 4,053.3 N/A
Source: 1 Qatar in Figures, Monthly Statistics, 2 2006 – 2011 roughly taken from Sustainable Development Indicators 2013; 2012 onwards from Qatar in Figures
Figure D-11: Electricity consumption (World Bank, 2016b)
D.1.6. Human Impact
Human impacts on the environment are often seen as a function of population, affluence and technological inefficiency, I = PAT (Ehrlich et al., 1971).
Qatar’s population has been growing extremely quickly. The population in May 2016 was more than double the population of 2006, which in turn was more than double the population of 1996. The population grew by 9% in just the year between May 2015 and May 2016. Almost 74% of the population comprises non-Qatari men primarily working as construction labour; 16% are non-Qatari women, and only 10.6% of the population aged 15+ comprised Qataris. It is unclear whether this trend of extremely rapid growth or this ratio of non-Qatar vs. Qatari is expected to continue in the future.
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In terms of affluence, GDP per capita for Qatari nationals is amongst the highest in the world. Qatari nationals have much higher – roughly seven times higher - resource use than non-Qataris. Qatar Economic Outlook 2016 – 2018 suggests that real economic growth will be between 3% and 4% per year for the next few years. The affluence is expected to continue, although there is nothing to indicate that the disparities between Qataris and non-Qataris will not also continue.
Sustainable technologies (e.g. photovoltaics, wind turbines, walking, cycling) are used to a limited extent in Qatar, but use of unsustainable technologies is much more prevalent. Per capita electricity and water use, and waste generation, are amongst the highest in the world. Almost all transport is by cars and trucks rather than walking, cycling or public transport. Most water is produced through desalinization, which is very energy intensive. The intense heat of Qatar makes air conditioning essential in summer, and many buildings use air conditioning all year around. Air conditioning accounts for about three-quarters of all household electricity use. Qatar’s per capita electricity use, currently at about 16,000 kWh per person per year, may be the highest in the world. Nearly half (48%) of Qatar’s gross output in 2012 was in oil and gas extraction, and oil and gas extraction account for 57% of Qatar’s added value.
High and growing Population
High and growing Affluence
Some international showcase but much inefficient Technology
=Very high climate Impacts
In terms of urban development, despite land use plans, Qatar’s cities, particularly Doha and Al Rayyan, are sprawling, with much inefficient use of space. The new land use plans aim to counter this problem, but information about their implementation is lacking. Building control standards have recently been established, but we understand that the environmental/ sustainability component of these standards is not widely implemented. It is much easier to get around by car than by bus, walking and cycling. Pavements and shading are limited, and compounds have high external walls, making walking and cycling unattractive. Traffic problems lead to inefficient (in terms of time and petrol) traffic jams.
D.2 Oceans
Globally, sea level has been rising as a result of changes in ocean basin volume and depth, thermal expansion, and melting glaciers. The mean sea level at Qatar is already increasing at about 3 mm/year at Mina Sulman, and 1.5 mm/year (increasing to 2.8 mm/year from 1993) at Doha (MMUP, 2014).
Of the MENA countries, Qatar is the most vulnerable to sea level rise (Figure D-12): a 1-m rise in sea level would affect about 3% of its land area, primarily in the north-west and south-east. A 3-m rise would affect 8%; and a 5-m rise would affect more than 13%. The Maplecroft Climate Change Vulnerability Index shows Qatar, Kuwait and Bahrain as being “extremely” vulnerable to sea level rise. Based on their estimates, 18.2% of Qatar’s land area and 13.7% of its population will be susceptible to inland flooding as a result of an increase in sea level of up to 5 m (Meltzer and Hultman, 2014).
Figure D-12: Percentage land area impacted by sea level rise of different levels (Tolba and Saab ed., 2009)
As a result of sea level rise, an increase in 50 year return flood levels of 5-7 cm are expected by 2040, compared to 2010 (Figure D-13). Changes in the percentage of flooding level by 2100 have also been modelled under two scenarios: RCP 4.5, which assumes that greenhouse gas emissions will peak around 2040 and then decline; and RCP 8.5, which assumes that emissions will continue to rise throughout the 21st century and represents a ‘business as usual’ scenario (Tolba and Saab ed., 2009).
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Changes of flooding level (in cm) with a return period of 50 years in 2040 relative to 2010
% change in flooding level by 2100, relative to 2010, for RCP4.5 (left) and RCP8.5 (right)
Figure D-13: Flooding Scenarios (ICZMP) (MMUP, 2014)
Under all scenarios, flooding will worsen, with fewer impacts in the Doha area by 2040, but significant impacts throughout Qatar’s coast by 2100. The figure below shows the flooding that would be caused by a simulated 1-m sea level rise, with the north-west and south-east particularly affected (MMUP, 2014).
Figure D-14 shows coastal flooding in Doha based on sea levels: present climate, 2040 and two scenarios for 2100. The most vulnerable parts of Doha are the areas of reclaimed land including the Corniche, Doha Port, Hamad International Airport, and West Bay.
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Figure D-14: Coastal flooding in Doha (MMUP, 2014a)
Present Climate SLR Long Term Trend 2040
SLR 2100 RCP4.5 SLR 2100 RCP8.5m
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D.3 Weather and Climate
D.3.1. Temperature
In its 5th Assessment Report in 2013, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) stated that, “Most of the observed increase in global average temperatures since the mid-twentieth century is very likely (>95 per cent) due to the observed increase in anthropogenic greenhouse gas concentrations.”
Temperatures in Qatar are already very high, with maximum temperature in the summer near 50 ºC. They have been higher in recent years than the long-term average (MDPS, 2014). As a result of climate change, the IPCC expects temperatures in Middle Eastern countries (including Qatar) to rise by about 2 °C in the next 15-20 years, and by more than 4 °C by the end of the century (UNDP, 2010) (Table D-4). Qatar’s annual mean temperature has already increased by 0.3 °C over the last 40 years.
Table D-4: Projected temperature range over parts of the Arab region (UNDP, 2010)
Year Increase in annual temperature (best scenario) Increase in annual temperature (worst scenario)
2030 0.5 – 1.0 1.0 – 1.5
2070 1.0 – 1.5 2.0 – 2.5
2100 2.5 – 3.0 3.0 – 4.0
Lelieveld et al. (2016) suggest that Qatar’s temperature could increase even further, by about 5 ºC under a global climate change scenario of 2.5 °C. This may be probable because the capacity to store heat within the soil is small, and the area’s clear skies allow greenhouse gases to enhance the downward component of longwave radiation.
“Throughout the ages, societies of the MENA region have been under pressure to adapt to water scarcity and heat, and have developed various technical solutions and institutional mechanisms to deal with these environmental constraints… However, the scale of impacts that are expected from climate change is likely to be beyond the coping range of many communities and countries, and will require additional adaptation efforts” (World Bank, 2013).
D.3.2. Rainfall and droughts
Qatar receives only about 80 mm of rain per year, with the majority falling in the winter months. Because of climate change, rainfall throughout the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region is generally expected to become more scarce and more intense, although some models predict an increase in precipitation in MENA’s desert areas. Rainfall is likely to arrive as short, intense events, with an increased likelihood of flash floods (UNDP, 2010).
Figure D-15 shows that annual precipitation in recent years has been below the long-term average, with 2010 and 2012 getting particularly little rainfall.
Figure D-15: Annual precipitation at Doha Airport (MDPS, 2016a)
Higher temperatures and reduced precipitation will increase the occurrence of droughts: “MENA countries are likely to be subject to extreme desiccation in the coming decades” (UNDP, 2010). This will exacerbate pressure on already depleted groundwater resources.
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D.4 Ecosystems
The impacts on climate change on key habitats in Qatar is provided in Table D-5. Table D-5 provides a summary of data relevant to our study. Solution to climate change impacts where possible through urban planning decisions are being developed in Stages 3 and 4. The particular issues in Table D 5: Impacts of Climate Change on Key Habitats (ICZMP Ecological Assessment, 2014) are largely physical and will be very difficult to resolve through the urban planning framework. Ecological issues identified and for which solutions have been suggested in Stage 3, include coastal development, exacerbating effects of flooding/SLR, adversely impacting ecological communities and subsequent ecological and fisheries reliance. Ecosystems are of relevance as they are able to track the impact of climate change and are a key indicator (USEPA, 2016a). This is of particular relevance to four coastal ecosystems in Qatar that may be sensitive to variations in temperature and could be impacted by changes in land use and reclamation that is prevalent around Qatar’s coastline. This will be further investigated in the Stage 3 report.
Table D-5: Impacts of Climate Change on Key Habitats (ICZMP Ecological Assessment, 2014)
Key Habitat Impacts of Climate Change
Marine waters Climate change will cause many changes in the oceans. Water temperature will increase, causing a lowering of pH levels (higher acidity as a result of increased dissolved CO2), sea levels will rise, storms and extreme weather events will increase in intensity and frequency, precipitation levels will change, wave climates will be altered, and sea water will intrude into fresh water (IUCN, 2007a).
Mangroves Sea level rise is a major threat to mangroves. It will result in high sedimentation, inundation stress and increased salinity at landward zones. These problems will be exacerbated for mangrove areas particularly where landward migration is restricted by topography or human developments. Although increased air temperatures and atmospheric CO2 concentrations are also likely to increase mangrove productivity, change phenological patterns, they will result in expanding the ranges of mangrove forests into higher latitudes. In conclusion, mangrove will tend to migrate in two directions, to higher latitude and to landward.
Seagrasses Frederick T, et al (1999) tried to assess climate change effects on seagrasses. They realize that a primary effect of increased global warming includes alteration of growth rates and other physiological functions of the plants themselves. Rise in sea surface temperature will results in re-distribution of seagrasses due to thermal stress. In addition indirect temperature effects will change plant community because of increased eutrophication and changes in the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events. Moreover, sea level rise including increase water depths, change in tidal variation, alter water movement, and increase seawater intrusion will result in redistribution of existing seagrass beds.
Coral Reefs Coral reefs are the most productive ecosystem on earth; however, they are severely subject to climate change impacts. Climate change will cause increased ocean acidification, which will change ocean’s physic-chemical parameters limiting coral growth. In addition, Global warming will result in coral bleaching, as discussed earlier. This will reduce coral cover, species composition, and reef fish community structures threading fish stock and production.
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Ministry of Municipality and Environment
Data Collection and Data Assessment Report
Climate Change Strategy for Urban Planning and Urban Development
Sector in the State of Qatar