data centre energy · presentation to insert name here 8 data centre energy demand elasticity...
TRANSCRIPT
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Data Centre Energy Is keeping up with demand sustainable?
December 2011
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Data Centre Energy
•Why should we care about data centres? •Demand issues •Data centre (in)efficiency •What do we need to change?
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Why should we care about data centres?
Data centre energy
01
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Data Centre Energy
Energy consumption
• Many estimates of data centre electricity consumption
• Gartner most often quoted at 2% of total electricity supply
• These estimates are unlikely to be accurate
• Consumption is growing, even in a recession - 56% since 20071
(1) Jonathan Koomey : http://www.analyticspress.com/datacenters.html
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Data Centre Energy
Energy consumption
• European data centre energy
consumption is equivalent to
Portugal2
(2) Paolo Bertoldi – EC JRC
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Data Centre Energy
Energy consumption
• A single 1U commodity (<£1,000) server in a corporate data centre is
responsible for more energy and CO2 in 1 year than driving a Range
Rover the entire circumference of the equator
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Data centre demand
Data centre energy
02
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Data Centre Energy
Demand elasticity
• William Stanley Jevons wrote “The coal question” in 1865
“It is wholly a confusion of ideas to suppose that the economical use of
fuel is equivalent to a diminished consumption. The very contrary is the
truth.”
• We have the same problem with data centres
– Mature markets such as petrol are relatively inelastic
– Immature markets such as ICT can be very elastic
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Data Centre Energy
Demand elasticity
• Corporate
– More demand for “traditional” data centre services
– Cloud hype – outsource your energy responsibility
– New services claiming to replace some physical process
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Data Centre Energy
Demand elasticity
• Consumer activity moving to the data centre
– New retail services
– Claim to reduce overall energy by replacing some physical process
– Video on Demand, Digital lockers etc.
• New services
– Social networking, gaming, entertainment etc.
– Do not replace any existing physical process – new demand
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Data Centre Energy
Demand elasticity
• “Thin client” and “Virtual desktop infrastructure”
– Neither provides a net energy saving
• New applications are server based
– Supporting thin / mobile client devices
– “Cloud” delivered
– More network and more data centre overhead
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Data Centre Energy
Demand elasticity
• Variable end user device energy consumption is being moved into the
data centre
– In the data centre this becomes fixed energy consumption
– EUC energy consumption is equivalent to existing data centre
consumption
– Network operators have rapidly rising demand
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Data centre efficiency
Data centre energy
03
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Data Centre Energy
Data centre efficiency
• We call it PUE (Power Usage Effectiveness)
• How much of the generated electricity is used to do work?
• First – a set of charts from 2007
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Data Centre Energy
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Data Centre Energy
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Data Centre Energy
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Data Centre Energy
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Data Centre Energy
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Data Centre Energy
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Data Centre Energy
Data centre efficiency
• Lots of research
– Vendors now market the efficiency of their devices
– Energy Star for servers, SPECPower benchmarks
– EU Code of Conduct for Data Centre Energy Efficiency
– Operators understand the significance of power cost
– Nobody really cares about carbon – yet
– Everybody measures their transfer efficiency (PUE)
– Internet data centres increasingly eliminating mechanical cooling
– We don’t need any data centre refrigeration in the UK – no excuses3
(3) Liam Newcombe : http://dcsg.bcs.org/data-centre-cooling-analysis
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Data Centre Energy
Where the energy goes
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We don’t need any mechanical cooling
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Data Centre Energy
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Data Centre Energy
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Data Centre Energy
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Data Centre Energy
Data centre efficiency
• How have things changed from 2007 to 2011?
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Data Centre Energy
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Data Centre Energy
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Data Centre Energy
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Data Centre Energy
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Data Centre Energy
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Data Centre Energy
Data centre efficiency
• What impact have we had?
• Lower overhead = more IT power available
• People buy more servers than before
• People buy even more network and storage to support virtualised
servers
• We have found that we can’t keep processors loaded properly
– Modern processors are too fast
– Our software doesn’t parallelise properly
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Fixed energy consumption
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Data Centre Energy
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Data Centre Energy
Embodied energy
• Mechanical and Electrical plant – 10 to 20 year lifespan
• Servers – 18 to 48 month lifespan
– Server lifespan is getting shorter thanks to virtualisation
– Recycling the metal box has little impact
– Majority of the embodied energy is in the silicon
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What do we need to change?
Data centre energy
04
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Data Centre Energy
Decision information
• Many vendors tell us to upgrade to new more efficient equipment
• We do not know the embodied energy or pollutant of this equipment
• We need to know the embodied (capital) energy to amortise against the
in use (operational) energy
• Supply chains are extremely complex
– Perhaps we need to embed the knowledge of the embodied energy in
each component?
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Data Centre Energy
Allocation and attribution of energy
• I don’t care if a data centre is “green”
• I want to know how much energy / carbon / pollutant is due to the
service or transaction delivered to me from the data centre
• Without this information we will continue to make the wrong decisions
– We need a working market in energy efficient services where we can
choose on real numbers not marketing
– We need to be able to compare the energy of an IT service with the
energy we are saving through using the IT service
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Data Centre Energy
Demand elasticity
• We know that ICT is an immature market
• Each efficiency improvement drives further demand in both existing and
new demand areas
• Can we manage or constrain demand elasticity?
– Can we add a demand side tax, a CAT?
– How do we avoid impacting the energy savings due to ICT?
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Data Centre Energy
Fixed energy consumption
• With all the work to improve server performance why is data centre
utility load still fixed?
• If your car used fuel at the same rate idling stationary as it did at 70mph
on the motorway you would consider this unacceptable…
• There is too much focus on metrics we don’t need
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Fixed energy consumption
• We need to measure and manage the energy:work relationship
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Data Centre Energy
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Utilise our resources properly
• Most servers are << 50% utilised
• Virtualisation has not cured this problem
• Our software is not written to use the hardware properly
• Our software frequently prevents the hardware from implementing
power management actions
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Data Centre Energy
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Data Centre Energy
•Decision information •Allocation and attribution •Demand elasticity •Fixed energy consumption •Resource utilisation
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Thank you
Liam Newcombe
CTO Romonet Ltd
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Data Centre Energy