Data and ResultsData AnalysisData Displays

Interpreting Data

Objectives

• Use Excel to perform basic data analysis• Mean, Standard Deviation, Confidence

• Use Excel to create data displays• Tables, Bar/Line Graphs, Error Bars

• Interpret basic data displays as shown in the Results and Discussion sections of primary source materials

Excel: Basic Descriptive Statistics

• Mean• Median• Standard Deviation• Confidence

Mean

• FormulasMore FunctionsStatisticalAverage

• =AVERAGE(First cell:last cell)• =AVERAGE(A1:A216)

Median

• FormulasMore FunctionsStatisticalMedian

• =MEDIAN(First cell:last cell)• =MEDIAN(A1:A216)

Standard Deviation

• =STDEV(A1:A216)

Confidence

• You need to have alpha (.05) on your spreadsheet• You need to have your sample size (n) on your spreadsheet• =CONFIDENCE(alpha, stdev, n)

Excel Basics: Data Display• Tables• Bar/Line Graphs• Error Bars

Table vs Graph

0-150 Pages 70151-300 Pages 284301-450 Pages 234451-600 Pages 86601-750 Pages 37751-900 Pages 22More than 900 20

0-150 Pages

151-300 Pages

301-450 Pages

451-600 Pages

601-750 Pages

751-900 Pages

More than 900

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

Creating a Bar Graph

• Go to Sheet 2• Highlight the Data Set to make a graph of (Page range

and Counts)• InsertColumn

Frequency Tables

• Ambrose CS, Dubovsky F, Yi T, Belshe RB, Ashkenazi S. The safety and efficacy of live attenuated influenza vaccine in young children with asthma or prior wheezing. European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases. 2012;31(10):2549-2557. doi:10.1007/s10096-012-1595-9.

• Tsai TF. Fluad®-MF59®-Adjuvanted Influenza Vaccine in Older Adults. Infection & Chemotherapy. 2013;45(2):159-174. doi:10.3947/ic.2013.45.2.159.

Error Bars

Error Bar

• Go to Sheet 1• Highlight the Mean• Insert—Column—Basic• Click Chart ToolsLayoutError Bars.• More optionsCustomIn positive error value and negative

error value, click the confidence value, then hit OK• Hit close

Need more help with Excel?

• Help button• Google• http://libguides.uta.edu/biolab

Sample Articles

• http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4418763/• http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1851726/